Books: 'Early detection and rapid response'

7

National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Real-Time Earthquake Warning., ed. Real-time earthquake monitoring: Early warning and rapid response. National Academy Press, 1991.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Real-Time Earthquake Warning., ed. Real-time earthquake monitoring: Early warning and rapid response. National Academy Press, 1991.

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9

du, Guerny Jacques, Guest Philip, and United Nations Development Programme. South East Asia HIV and Development Programme., eds. A manual for early warning rapid response system for HIV/AIDS. UNDP South East Asia HIV and Development Programme, 2004.

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10

Pomroy, William H. Rapid response pneumatic fire detection for multilevel metal mines: System design and in-mine testing. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1990.

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11

E, Griffin Russell, Ackerson M. A, and United States. Bureau of Mines, eds. Rapid response pneumatic fire detection for multilevel metal mines: System design and in-mine testing. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1991.

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12

editor, Mordini E. (Emilio), and Green Manfred editor, eds. Internet-based intelligence in public health emergencies: Early detection and response in disease outbreak crises. IOS Press, 2011.

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13

Taylor, Gabriel D. Determining the Effectiveness, Limitations, and Operator Response for Very Early Warning Fire detection systems in nuclear facilities (DELORES-VEWFIRE): Draft report for comment. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, 2015.

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14

Dr, Guest Philip, Du Guerny J, Hsu Lee-Nah, and United Nations Development Programme. South East Asia HIV and Development Programme., eds. From early warning to development sector responses against HIV/AIDS epidemics: A summary of two Early Warning Rapid Response System workshops 13th-14th June 2002, Bangkok, Thailand and 16th October 2002, Kunming, China. UNDP South East Asia HIV and Development Programme, 2003.

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15

United, States Congress Senate Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Terrorism Technology and Homeland Security. Rapid bio-terrorism detection and response: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology, and Homeland Security of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, May 11, 2004. U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology, and Homeland Security. Rapid bio-terrorism detection and response: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology, and Homeland Security of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, May 11, 2004. U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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17

Committee on the Judiciary (senate), United States Senate, and United States United States Congress. Rapid Bio-Terrorism Detection and Response. Independently Published, 2019.

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18

Real-time earthquake monitoring: Early warning and rapid response. National Academy Press, 1991.

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19

Suwanagul, Duangporn. Early detection of weed resistance: Pattern-thinking and rapid microcalorimetric assay. 1995.

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20

Climate and HIV/AIDS: A hotspots analysis for early warning rapid response systems. UNDP South East Asia HIV and Development Programme, 2004.

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21

Hillman, Ken, and Jack Chen. Rapid response teams for the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0003.

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There is a high incidence of potentially preventable deaths and serious adverse events in acute hospitals. Most of these events occur on the general wards of the hospital. The concept of rapid response systems was developed as a way of identifying seriously-ill and at-risk patients in acute hospitals at an early stage in order to improve outcomes. The system has two major components—criteria to define the deteriorating patient linked to a rapid response. The criteria are based on a combination of abnormal vital signs and observations, and the response is based on matching the patient with staf

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22

Bittner, Edward A., and Shawn P. Fagan. The host response to trauma and burns in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0304.

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Following severe traumatic injury, patients enter a state of immune dysregulation consisting of both exaggerated inflammation and immune suppression. Traditionally, the host response has been viewed as an early systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) followed temporally by a compensatory anti-inflammatory or immune-suppressive response syndrome (CARS). While this paradigm has been widely accepted across both medical and scientific fields, recent advances have challenged this concept. The Glue grant investigators recently characterized both the initial inflammatory response to injury and

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23

Bauer, Robert, and Raghavan Murugan. Portable Monitor and Defibrillators (DRAFT). Edited by Raghavan Murugan and Joseph M. Darby. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190612474.003.0031.

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Portable monitors with the capability of defibrillation, synchronized cardioversion, and transcutaneous pacing are frequently used by the rapid response teams (RRTs) in several acute care facilities to provide quick information and to treat lethal arrhythmias in critically ill and unstable patients. Portable monitors are used on lethal arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation (VF), monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT), or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, also known as Torsades de pointes (TdP). Properly identifying lethal arrhythmias and knowing how to use the portable monitor/defi

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24

Steinberg, Alexis, and Bradley J. Molyneaux. Acute Stroke (DRAFT). Edited by Raghavan Murugan and Joseph M. Darby. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190612474.003.0019.

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The development of a stroke is an acute neurologic emergency that requires rapid evaluation as any delay in treatment worsens outcome. There are two main types of strokes, hemorrhagic and ischemic, each requiring specific rapid assessment and interventions. If an acute ischemic stroke is suspected, then a decision regarding thrombolytic therapy and endovascular thrombectomy has to be made quickly. A hemorrhagic stroke demands rapid medical management of blood pressure, reversal of coagulopathy, and early neurosurgical consult for possible external ventricular drain (EVD) placement and hemorrha

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25

Medforth, Janet, Linda Ball, Angela Walker, Sue Battersby, and Sarah Stables. Disorders of the postnatal period. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754787.003.0025.

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The chapter includes information on common problems experienced by women after the birth and during their post-birth recovery. Post-partum haemorrhage is covered here, in particular that caused by uterine infection which may rapidly develop into life-threatening sepsis. Included are aspects of physical problems such as circulatory or urinary disorders. The midwife is responsible for early detection and rapid referral to enable prompt treatment. Psychological disorders often escalate after the birth and can be overwhelming for the mother. Timely support and management are essential to ensure th

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26

Young, Thomas P. Laboratory Testing Strategies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0008.

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Laboratory confirmation of HIV infection is primarily through the detection of HIV antibodies in an individual. Using the current immunoassays and confirmatory testing, false-positive results are exceedingly rare. However, providers should use clinical judgment when interpreting test results and consider additional follow-up testing when appropriate. False-negative immunoassays are also exceedingly rare except for individuals who are early in their infection and have yet to produce HIV antibodies that are detectable by current assays. Rapid HIV tests have similar testing accuracies as compared

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27

Kane, David, and Philip Platt. Ultrasound. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0067.

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Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) is rapidly becoming a standard part of many rheumatologists' daily clinical practice. MSUS is safe, increasingly widely available, relatively low cost, non-invasive, and hence very acceptable to the patient. Current problems with availability of training, mentoring, and accreditation procedures need to be overcome for MSUS to reach its full potential for rheumatologists. MSUS is capable of improving clinical diagnosis and the accuracy of intervention. MSUS is more sensitive than clinical examination in the detection of synovitis and effusion and is capable of

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28

Kane, David, and Philip Platt. Ultrasound. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0067_update_002.

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Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) is rapidly becoming a standard part of many rheumatologists’ daily clinical practice. MSUS is safe, increasingly widely available, relatively low cost, non-invasive, and hence very acceptable to the patient. Current problems with availability of training, mentoring, and accreditation procedures need to be overcome for MSUS to reach its full potential for rheumatologists. MSUS is capable of improving clinical diagnosis and the accuracy of intervention. MSUS is more sensitive than clinical examination in the detection of synovitis and effusion and is capable of

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29

Wise, Matt, and Paul Frost. Nutritional support in the critically ill. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0334.

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Major injury evokes a constellation of reproducible hormonal, metabolic, and haemodynamic responses which are collectively termed ‘the adaptive stress response’. The purpose of the adaptive stress response is to facilitate tissue repair and restore normal homeostasis. If critical illness is prolonged, the adaptive stress response may become maladaptive, in essence exerting a parasitic effect leaching away structural proteins and impairing host immunity. Primarily therapy should be directed towards the underlying illness, as nutritional support per se will not reverse the stress response and it

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30

Page, Jamie. Prostitution and Subjectivity in Late Medieval Germany. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862789.001.0001.

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Prostitution played a major role in structuring medieval gender relations. Prostitutes were seen to be an example of extreme female sinfulness which all women risked falling into, while at the same time prostitutes themselves were seen to play a vital social role in many towns by providing a sexual outlet to unmarried men. This book is the first full-length study of medieval prostitution to focus primarily upon how gender discourse shaped the lives of prostitutes themselves. It is based on three legal case studies from the late medieval empire which examine constructions of subjectivity betwee

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31

Eljaafari, Assia, and Pierre Miossec. Cellular side of acquired immunity (T cells). Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0049.

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The adaptive T-cell response represents the most sophisticated component of the immune response. Foreign invaders are recognized first by cells of the innate immune system. This leads to a rapid and non-specific inflammatory response, followed by induction of the adaptive and specific immune response. Different adaptive responses can be promoted, depending on the predominant effector cells that are involved, which themselves depend on the microbial/antigen stimuli. As examples, Th1 cells contribute to cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens, Th2 cells protect against parasites,

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32

Krause, Andreas, and Volker Fingerle. Lyme borreliosis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0101.

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Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a multisystem infectious disease caused by the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. The most frequent clinical manifestations include erythema migrans, meningoplyneuritis, and arthritis. Diagnosis of LB is made on clinical grounds and usually supported by a positive serology. Early diagnosis and treatment almost always leads to a rapid healing of the disease. However, in late manifestations gradual remission of symptoms may take several weeks to months. In rare cases, the pathogen can persist for many years or induce a persisting immunopathological response that

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33

Krause, Andreas, and Volker Fingerle. Lyme borreliosis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0101_update_001.

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Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a multisystem infectious disease caused by the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. The most frequent clinical manifestations include erythema migrans, meningoplyneuritis, and arthritis. Diagnosis of LB is made on clinical grounds and usually supported by a positive serology. Early diagnosis and treatment almost always leads to a rapid healing of the disease. However, in late manifestations gradual remission of symptoms may take several weeks to months. In rare cases, the pathogen can persist for many years or induce a persisting immunopathological response that

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34

Kobayashi, Leslie M., and Raul Coimbra. Diagnosis and management of lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0180.

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Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is a common cause of anaemia, and can be a significant cause of bleeding and hypovolaemic shock. Initial treatment should always begin with protection of the airway, fluid resuscitation, and restoration of haemodynamic stability. Early colonoscopy should be utilized for all patients with brisk bleeding and elective colonoscopy for those who are stable. An alternative to endoscopy is angiography. Surgery is reserved for patients recalcitrant to endoscopy and/or angiography, or those with poor response to resuscitation. Patients with very slow haemorrhage o

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35

Kulkarni, Kunal, James Harrison, Mohamed Baguneid, and Bernard Prendergast, eds. Emergency medicine. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198729426.003.0006.

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Emergency medicine is a dynamic discipline encompassing critical and acute care for the complete spectrum of health problems. The specialty continues to adapt, in response to external pressures arising from increasing demand, demographic changes, service reconfigurations, and political contrivances. These developments, combined with the prodigious volume of patients attending emergency departments, offer a rich potential for research. Although the field of emergency medicine initially developed slowly outside of America, studies are now regularly conducted and result in a powerful impact on pa

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36

Chambers, David A., Cynthia A. Vinson, and Wynne E. Norton, eds. Advancing the Science of Implementation across the Cancer Cancer Continuum. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.001.0001.

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While many effective interventions have been developed with the potential to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality from cancer, they are of no benefit to the health of populations if they cannot be delivered. In response to this challenge, Advancing the Science of Implementation across the Cancer Continuum provides an overview of research that can improve the delivery of evidence-based interventions in cancer prevention, early detection, treatment, and survivorship. Chapters explore the field of implementation science and its application to practice, a broad synthesis of relevant resear

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37

Whyman, Susan E. Hutton Rises in the World. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797838.003.0005.

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Hutton’s business success and social mobility are viewed in the context of Birmingham’s industrial development, a booming land market, the lack of government regulation, and the diversity of religious practice. This chapter reveals the economic framework that allowed Hutton to amass wealth. Once he settled in Birmingham, he found new ways to develop business skills and make money. Early failure stiffened his resolve, taught him lessons, and led him to focus on selling paper, instead of books. Convinced of the future value of land, he made risky speculations and accumulated large debts. A case

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38

Sharfstein, Joshua M. Recognizing a Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697211.003.0006.

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The first order of business in crisis management is figuring out that there is a crisis. Once a brewing crisis is recognized, health officials can organize a coherent response, limit its impact, and even make an early pivot to achieve long-lasting change. Unfortunately, spotting a crisis early is far easier said than done. It’s the rare crisis that announces itself with a phone call 12 hours in advance. Most crises go unnoticed even as clues emerge, lost in the stream of the daily activity of an agency or hidden by biases, assumptions, and wishful thinking. To be successful, officials and thei

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39

Ghebrehewet, Sam, Alex G. Stewart, and Ian Rufus. Key principles and practice of health protection. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745471.003.0003.

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As a result of the unpredictability in time, space, and scope of health protection issues, the provision of a 24/7 local service across the three domains of health protection—communicable disease control, environmental public health, and emergency preparedness, resilience and response (EPRR)—is essential. This chapter outlines the essential principles that are applied in the organization, development, and delivery of all three domains of health protection, whether dealing with individual issues and cases or large incidents and outbreaks: (1) planning and preparedness; (2) prevention and early

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40

Edgeworth, Jonathan. Antibiotic resistance in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0289.

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The two objectives of ensuring early appropriate antimicrobial treatment for septic patients on the intensive care unit (ICU), and limiting emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance are both complicated and potentially conflicting. Increasingly unpredictable resistance, particularly amongst Gram-negative bacteria, through both local selection and transmission, and importation of globally successful resistant clones encourages the use of broad-spectrum empiric antimicrobials for septic patients, including in combination. This may lead to a vicious cycle whereby increasing antibiotic use

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Protocol for Enhanced Isolate-Level Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in the Americas. Primary Phase: Bloodstream Infections. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275122686.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance plays an important role in the early detection of resistant strains of public health importance and prompt response to outbreaks in hospitals and the community. Surveillance findings are needed to inform medical practice, antibiotic stewardship, and policy and interventions to combat AMR. Appropriate use of antimicrobials, informed by surveillance, improves patients’ treatment outcomes and reduces the emergence and spread of AMR. This protocol describes the steps and procedures to establish/enhance AMR surveillance in Latin America and the Caribbean.

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42

Hughes, Aaron. Shared Identities. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190684464.001.0001.

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This controversial study breaks with received opinion that imagines two distinct religions, Judaism and Islam, interacting in the centuries immediately following the death of Muhammad in the early seventh century. Tradition describes these relations using the trope of “symbiosis.” This book instead argues that various porous groups—neither fully Muslim nor Jewish—exploited a shared terminology to make sense of their social worlds in response to the rapid process of Islamicization. What emerged as normative rabbinic Judaism, and Sunni and Shiʿi Islam were ultimately responses to such marginal g

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43

Evans, Merion, and Diana J. Bell. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0046.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been described by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the first serious and readily transmissible disease to emerge in the 21st century (WHO 2003a). The epidemic first appeared in southern China in late 2002 and was finally contained in July 2003 after spreading to 29 countries worldwide and infecting over 8,000 people with 774 reported deaths. The last known cases occurred in April 2004 after a laboratory acquired infection in China. The global response to the SARS epidemic, co-ordinated by WHO, led to the rapid identification of the causal agen

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44

Singleton, Jeff. The American Dole. Praeger, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400610561.

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As Jeff Singleton shows, the rapid expansion of unemployment relief in the early 1930s generated pressures which led to the first federal welfare programs. However the process has received relatively little attention from historians, and unemployment relief does not play a major role in discussions of the current state of welfare. Singleton seeks not only to fill this gap, but to challenge popular interpretations of relief policy in the early 1930s. He shows that relief was expanding prior to the depression and that the modern aspects of social policy implemented in the 1920s profoundly influe

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45

Claydon, Tony. The Revolution in Time. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817239.001.0001.

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This book explores the idea that people in Western Europe changed the way they thought about time over the early modern period; and it does so by examining their reactions to the 1688–9 revolution in England. It examines how those who lived through the extraordinary collapse of James II’s regime perceived this event as it unfolded and how they set it within their understanding of history. It questions whether a new understanding of chronology—one which allowed fundamental and human-directed change—had been widely adopted by this point in the past; and whether this might have allowed witnesses

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46

Izzedine, Hassan, and Victor Gueutin. Drug-induced acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. Edited by Adrian Covic. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0084.

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Drug-induced acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) is the most common aetiology of ATIN and a potentially correctable cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). An interval of 7–10 days typically exists between drug exposure and development of AKI, but this interval can be considerably shorter following re-challenge or markedly longer with certain drugs. It occurs in an idiosyncratic and non-dose-dependent manner. Antibiotics, NSAIDs, and proton pump inhibitors are the most frequently involved agents, but the list of drugs that can induce ATIN is continuously increasing. The mechanism of renal in

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47

Harper, Lorraine, and David Jayne. The patient with vasculitis. Edited by Giuseppe Remuzzi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0160.

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The goals of treatment in renal vasculitis are to stop vasculitic activity and recover renal function. Subsequent strategies are required to prevent vasculitis returning and to address longer-term co-morbidities caused by tissue damage, drug toxicity, and increased cardiovascular and malignancy risk.Cyclophosphamide and high-dose glucocorticoids remain the standard induction therapy with alternative immunosuppressives, such as azathioprine, to prevent relapse. Plasma exchange improves renal recovery in severe presentations. Refractory disease resulting from a failure of induction or remission

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48

Hukić, Mirsada, and Mirza Ponjavić. COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina: March – June 2020. Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi20.190.00.

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At the end of 2019 the world became aware of the existence of a new virus stemming from the Coronaviridae family and causing a specific disease – COVID-19. In less than three months, the virus and its consequences, developed from being a local public health problem in China to a daunting global problem we all had to face. On March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic of COVID-19. On the international scale, even in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), the response of the professionals and scientists has been rapid, although not always consistently efficient enough. Despite

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49

Whitworth, Caroline, and Stewart Fleming. Malignant hypertension. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0216.

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Malignant hypertension (MH) is recognized clinically by elevated blood pressure together with retinal haemorrhages or exudates with or without papilloedema (grades III or IV hypertensive retinopathy); and may constitute a hypertensive emergency or crisis when complicated by evidence of end-organ damage including microangiopathic haemolysis, encephalopathy, left ventricular failure, and renal failure. Though reversible, it remains a significant cause of end-stage renal failure, and of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality in developing countries.MH can complicate pre-existi

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50

Jayne, David. Treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0132.

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The goals of treatment in anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA) vasculitis are to stop vasculitic activity, to prevent vasculitis returning, and to address longer-term comorbidities caused by tissue damage, drug toxicity, and increased cardiovascular and malignancy risk. Cyclophosphamide and high-dose glucocorticoids remain the standard induction therapy with alternative immunosuppressives, such as methotrexate or azathioprine, to prevent relapse. Refractory disease resulting from a failure of induction or remission maintenance therapy requires alternative agents and rituximab has been par

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Books on the topic 'Early detection and rapid response'

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