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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Early Dynastic period

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Academic literature on the topic 'Early Dynastic period'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Early Dynastic period"

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Ryholt, Kim. "King Seneferka in the King-lists and His Position in the Early Dynastic Period." Journal of Egyptian History 1, no. 1 (2008): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187416608784118749.

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AbstractSeneferka remains one of the most obscure rulers of the Early Dynastic Period. Through an analysis of the hypercorrection of royal names in the king-list tradition, it becomes possible to identify him with the first and otherwise unattested king recorded under the name Neferkare. This, in turn, indicates that Seneferka ruled about one century later than hitherto assumed, in the late Second Dynasty rather than at the end of the First Dynasty.

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Sowada, Karin N. "Black-Topped Ware in Early Dynastic Contexts." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 85, no. 1 (December 1999): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751339908500106.

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Black-topped ware is commonly associated with the Predynastic era, but a handful of examples made in the Early Dynastic Period are known to exist. Generally these vessels are variations of the hes-jar shape; their findspots, in tombs or temples, associate this shape with ritual or funerary use. It is argued here that during the Early Dynastic Period, black-topped ware acquired a symbolic significance linked to the shape and colours of the vessel. This symbolism continued in the depictions of such vases on the walls of tombs although the ware itself was probably no longer produced after the Early Dynastic Period.

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Nadali, Davide, and Lorenzo Verderame. "FRAGMENTS OF THE THIRD MILLENNIUM BC FROM NIGIN." Iraq 83 (October 4, 2021): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/irq.2021.10.

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The ancient city of Nigin in the State of Lagash is largely attested in the epigraphic sources of the rulers of the First Dynasty of Lagash. Conversely, the archaeological evidence of the Early Dynastic Period is so far very scanty and limited. This paper presents a small group of documents to be dated to the Early Dynastic Period IIIb that were found out of context, but that nevertheless point to a phase of occupation of Nigin in the third millennium BC and are coherent with the information we already know about history of the city and the State of Lagash.

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Fritschy, Wantje. "The pr-ḥḏ and the Early Dynastic State." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 104, no. 2 (December 2018): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307513319856853.

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Quantitative research in the available sources on the pr-ḥḏ in the Early Dynastic period shows that there are better arguments to translate the Early Dynastic term pr-ḥḏ as ‘House of Stoneware’ rather than ‘treasury’. This also helps in explaining the somewhat puzzling double dichotomy of pr-ḥḏ/ pr-dšr and pr-ḥḏ/ pr-nbw in this period. Moreover, from the results it could be argued that a theory seeing ‘spectacle’ as crucial for state formation in early states is more helpful for understanding the function of the Early Dynastic pr-ḥḏ than a theory seeing the treasury as the centre of the state.

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Benati, Giacomo. "THE BEGINNING OF THE EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD AT UR." Iraq 76 (December 2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/irq.2014.5.

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This article presents a reconsideration of the architecture, stratigraphy and finds from Building Level H, excavated in Trial Pit F at Ur. Analysis of Woolley's original excavation records, kept at the British Museum, provides the basis for a contextual reconstruction. A new complete study of published and unpublished materials now housed at the British Museum and at the Penn Museum of Philadelphia is offered here. Distribution of in situ artefacts is examined here in order to provide insights on the function of the excavated loci. Finally, pottery and glyptic assemblages, considered from a regional perspective, are used to define the chronological horizon of Level H.

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Ali Abdul Malik, Munther, and Israa Saad Salih. "Metal Tools in Unpublished Cuneiform Texts from Early Dynastic Period." Al-Adab Journal 2, no. 135 (December 15, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v2i135.1217.

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The people in ancient Mesopotamia know many minerals (Metal Tools) , and they also know how to manufacture it and used them . Minerals have entered in many of their businesses and industries , even in the field of producing artworks (artifacts) . Pots and agricultural tools as well as weapons they used in everyday life . The most important of these metals are : gold , silver , copper , and tin , which some of them entered in the work of bronze bullion (Al-Jader , 1991 , p.225) . The ancient Mesopotamians struggled to get the materials , they were carrying the tired journeys in order to bring the raw materials from far away counties , among them were Dilmun , Magan , Meluhha , Eygpt and Anatolia (Levy , 1986 , p.19) . So we did not care about the all kinds of minerals , but we define our works about one type of this metals , which is a copper metal . So the copper regarded the first mineral which known to the people of ancient Mesopotamia , they used it very much in their lives , this had been a major turning point in the history of their civilization (Louis , 2008 , p.112) .

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Oraibi Almamori, Haider. "THE EARLY DYNASTIC MONUMENTAL BUILDINGS AT UMM AL-AQARIB." Iraq 76 (December 2014): 149–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/irq.2014.10.

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This article presents the results of excavations conducted at the site of Umm al-Aqarib, in the Dhi Qar Governorate of Iraq, in the years 1999–2002 and 2008–2010. Despite significant practical difficulties, the excavations revealed an Early Dynastic city of major importance, with monumental architecture including two large temples, called here the White Temple and Temple H, and a palace. In interpreting the excavation results, the author argues that Umm al-Aqarib, and not Jokha (Umma) as has previously been thought, was the central settlement of the kingdom of Gišša during the Early Dynastic III period, and that the White Temple, the largest yet known from Early Dynastic Sumer, is to be identified as the temple of Šara, city god of Gišša.

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Hansen, Donald P. "Royal Building Activity at Sumerian Lagash in the Early Dynastic Period." Biblical Archaeologist 55, no. 4 (December 1992): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3210315.

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O'Connor, David. "New Funerary Enclosures (Talbezirke) of the Early Dynastic Period at Abydos." Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 26 (1989): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40000701.

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Jucha, Mariusz, Grzegorz Bąk-Pryc, Natalia Małecka-Drozd, and Magdalena Kazimierczak. "Tell el-Murra (Northeastern Nile Delta Survey): preliminary report on research in 2016–2017." Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 27, no. 1 (April 11, 2018): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1970.

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The paper deals with the results of excavation in 2016 and 2017 at the site of Tell el-Murra in the northeastern part of the Nile Delta. The investigation focused on Trench T5, where settlement remains dated mostly from the Early Dynastic period were explored in its northern part, and early Old Kingdom structures in the southern part. Settlement remains of Lower Egyptian culture were also excavated in Trench S3B. Continued research on the Early Dynastic cemetery in Trench S3 yielded eight more graves, both pit burials and chambered tombs. In one case, the body was placed additionally in a pottery coffin. The results contribute new data on Early Dynastic settlement architecture and burial customs, as well as the oldest habitation associated with Lower Egyptian culture.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Early Dynastic period"

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Charles, Michael Peter. "Agriculture in Lowland Mesopotamia in the Late Uruk Early Dynastic period." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339437.

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Rowland, Joanne Mary. "Social transformation in the Delta from the terminal predynastic to the early dynastic period : a comparative study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1383484/.

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In this thesis I examine evidence for change in social and political organisation at four cemetery sites within the northeast Delta of Egypt. The time period with which I am concerned, the Terminal Predynastic to Early Dynastic, coincides with the final stages of a process of cultural and political development and integration from the early fourth to the early third millennium BC. The Delta has remained, until recent years, poorly researched, in comparison to the Nile Valley. This thesis makes an important contribution towards understanding the prehistory of this region through a comparative study of the mortuary evidence from the sites of Kafr Hassan Dawood, Kufur Nigm, Minshat Abu Omar and Tell Ibrahim Awad. This thesis research has two over-arching aims: 1) to elucidate change in social and political organisation as reflected through the mortuary evidence at the key sites in the northeast Delta, and how this relates to the funerary record throughout Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt; and 2) to assess how the evidence from the northeast Delta sites affects our consideration of previous hypotheses regarding the development of social complexity in early Egypt. In order to achieve this, the thesis gradually narrows its focus onto the Delta, following a discussion of previous hypotheses on the origins of state society in Egypt, and a review of temporal and geographic diversity in Predynastic and Early Dynastic burial trends. I have critically incorporated elements of socio-evolutionary theory within my theoretical approach, and evaluated aspects of previous research into mortuary contexts worldwide, to assess which elements I consider appropriate to include within my methodology. My methodology presents a new four-stage sequence of statistical analysis that seeks to maximise the analytical potential of mortuary data through investigation of a wide range of variables relating to the wealth and effort expended on the grave, and the changing relationship between these elements and the age and sex of the deceased. Geographical Information Systems technology is used for spatial analysis at the site of Kafr Hassan Dawood, to explore the data from a visual perspective. The results prove both revealing and are, in some instances, quite unexpected. The analysis of the key sites reveals societies expressing organisational characteristics ranging from ranked to stratified, and striking differences in terms of internal site development. The widest temporal scopes for development are observed at Kafr Hassan Dawood and Minshat Abu Omar, where we witness the change from the early importance of kin groups with clear variability within ideology, to increasing cohesion in the latter stages of the sites' histories, with the declining importance of kin groups seemingly in tandem with heightening external contact. The height of prosperity visible in the latter history of the sites, however, is short-lived, with three of the four cemeteries falling into disuse. This decline would appear due to the economic repercussions of the rise of the centralised state on their livelihood.

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Gimbel, David Nelson. "The evolution of visual representation : the elite art of early dynastic Lagas and its antecedents in late Uruk period Sumer and predynastic Egypt." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:209a8832-9e13-494d-946e-016ba9aa215c.

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The corpus of artifacts from the Lagas state constitutes what is arguably the single largest cohesive body of elite representational display forms thus far discovered to have come from Early Dynastic (ED) Sumer. Unlike the equally extraordinary finds from ED levels of Ur, which consist primarily of grave goods and small finds (Woolley 1934; Woolley 1956), what is unique about the finds from Lagas is that the majority of them are programmatic artifacts that were intended to be displayed to specific audiences. Specifically, many of them are relief carvings or, to a lesser degree, statues that were carefully composed and executed in order to encode and transmit carefully constructed messages on the part of individual rulers, or the religious establishment. As such, the ED Lagas corpus is a particularly important record of how one particular group of Sumerian rulers viewed themselves and how the wished to be viewed by others.

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Carlsson, Petra. "Människan i Maassara." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-342000.

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An osteological study on human skeletal remains from Maassara in Egypt. The goal of the study was to get a good picture of the health of the individuals buried in the graves at Maassara. The study was combined of nine individuals. Two from the Early Dynastic period and six individuals from the Old Kingdom. All the adult individuals have some form of pathological change. Most pathological changes are in the spine. Most pathological changes were age-related. Some of the individuals were very poorly kept and the bones were very fragile.

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Hood, Amber Giles Eve. "New insights into old problems : the application of a multidisciplinary approach to the study of early Egyptian ceramic chronology, with a focus on luminescence dating." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:508818b7-930b-4e06-890c-5c2dbb12fe42.

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This thesis takes a multidisciplinary approach to the study of ancient Egyptian ceramics by applying scientific dating techniques alongside more traditional methods. It is the first study to apply OSL dating to an Egyptian ceramic assemblage, and it has done so by developing the minimum extraction technique (MET), which has made it possible to use OSL to sample, and thus analyse, ceramics housed in museums. The MET is at present essential to the success of OSL dating of Egyptian ceramics, as the exportation ban on antiquities has prevented OSL analysis of field material. For this thesis, using this new sampling technique, OSL has been applied to several assemblages from the Predynastic to the Early Dynastic period. Ceramics from [ADD IN REVIEW ] have been examined, with three phases being established: late Naqada III, First Intermediate Period, and the mediaeval Islamic period. Absolute dates have been determined for each phase and, where comparison is possible, have been found in good agreement with the historical chronology. A set of vessels from Naqada, Ballas, and the Tomb of Djer at Abydos have been examined using OSL in conjunction with radiocarbon dating. Again, three phases of activity were discerned: late Naqada II, early Naqada III, and the first scientifically determined dates for a burning event in the Tomb of Djer (the New Kingdom). The thesis also demonstrates how OSL can be used as a relative dating technique by analysing a collection of Wavy-Handled ceramics and wine jars from Turah, finding that the OSL results agree well with the established relative chronology. Finally, this thesis has also examined the applicability of cladistic analysis to the study of Egyptian ceramics. Cladistics is a technique borrowed from the biological sciences which offers a complimentary way to examine the evolution of ceramic types and forms, in particular the development of beer and wine jars.

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Atanassova, Vessela. "Les prêtres Hmw-ntr du culte divin (de l’époque thinite à la fin de l’Ancien Empire)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040226.

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Les prêtres sont une partie indissociable de l’organisation et du fonctionnement de la société égyptienne. Parmi eux les prophètes avaient une grande importance dans le clergé égyptien. Leur étude nous permet non seulement une meilleure compréhension du sacerdoce égyptien, mais aussi une meilleure connaissance de la religion égyptienne. Concentrée sur l’époque thinite et l’Ancien Empire, notre recherche a fait l’examen exhaustif des titulaires des prêtrises divines afin de comprendre les mécanismes de l’obtention de celle-ci et les fonctions déléguées aux prophètes. L’examen de sources nous a parmi d’attester une relation entre fonction civile et prêtrise divine qui est étudiée en détail. Nous discuterons la chronologie des prêtrises, les divinités concernées et la nature de ses titulaires. Nous interrogeons sur l’obtention et la transmission de la prêtrise divine. Enfin, nous poserons la question sur les lieux d’exercice de la fonction sacerdotale, ainsi que sur ce que celle-ci devait être
The priests were an inseparable part of the organisation and functioning of the Egyptian society. Among them the prophets were one of the most important for the Egyptian clergy. The study of them allows us not only a better comprehension ofthe Egyptian priesthood but also a better knowledge of the Egyptian religion. Focused on the Early dynastic period and the Old Kingdom our research examinedthe holders of the divine priesthoods in order to understand the ways of having andobtaining it. The study of the sources allowed us to attest a relation between the civil service and the divine priesthood. We discussed the priesthood’s chronology, the mentioned gods and its holders. We question about its obtainment and transmission. At last, we focused on finding the place of exercise of the priesthood and its significance

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陳燕 and Yan Chen. "Currents of literary thought in the late Qing and early Republican period (1872-1916)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31233016.

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潘正松 and Ching-chung Daniel Poon. "Relations between imperial matrimonial relatives and military affairs during the Five Dynasties and the Early Song Period." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31219809.

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Stucke, Walter Joseph. "The Direct and Indirect Contributions of Western Missionaries to Korean Nationalism during the Late Choson and Early Japanese Annexation Periods 1884-1920." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1338.

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This thesis sets out to demonstrate the role of Western missionaries and Korean Christians, especially Protestants, on Korean nationalism. The first significant introduction of Protestantism into Korea came in 1884. Within just over thirty years, the Protestant Church in Korea expanded and many of the nationalist leaders took active roles in the Korean nationalist movement against Japanese imperialism. This thesis consults both Western and Korean primary sources including period newspapers. Some of the Korean primary sources were translated from Korean into English and others were originally written in English by Koreans. Also consulted are many valuable secondary sources which help further shed light on the subject at hand and give credence to the thesis. Chapters 2-4 show the direct contributions of Western missionaries to Korean nationalism and Chapters 5-7 show the indirect contributions of Western missionaries by the direct involvement of Korean Christians in their fight for independence against the old Korean order and Japan.

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Mumford, Gregory Duncan. "International relations between Egypt, Sinai, and Syria-Palestine during the Late Bronze Age to Early Persian period (dynasties 18-26: c.1550-525 B.C.), a spatial and temporal analysis of the distribution and proportions of Egyptian(izing) artefacts and pottery in Sinai and selected sites in Syria-Palestine." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0020/NQ45825.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Early Dynastic period"

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Divine headdresses of Mesopotamia in the Early Dynastic period. Oxford, England: B.A.R., 1987.

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Furlong, Iris. Divine headdresses of Mesopotamia in the early dynastic period. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1986.

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Killick, J. A. Regional variation in the pottery of Sumer during the Early Dynastic period. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1992.

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It's a long way to a historiography of the Early Dynastic Period(s). Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2015.

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Early burial customs in northern Egypt: Evidence from the pre-, proto-, and early dynastic periods. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2013.

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Wilcke, Claus. Early ancient Near Eastern law: A history of its beginnings : the early dynastic and Sargonic periods. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2007.

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Early ancient Near Eastern law: A history of its beginnings ; the early dynastic and Sargonic periods. München: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2003.

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The cobra goddess of ancient Egypt: Predynastic, Early Dynastic, and Old Kingdom periods. London: Kegan Paul International, 1990.

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The history of Tibet: The early period: to c. AD 850: the Yarlung dynasty. London [etc.]: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.

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Kukpo chŏnjŏk: Samguk, Koryŏ sidae = National treasures books and manuscripts : Three Kingdoms period and Goryeo Dynasty. Taejŏn Kwangyŏksi: Munhwajaech'ŏng Yuhyŏng Munhwajaekwa., 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Early Dynastic period"

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Wilkinson, Toby. "The Early Dynastic Period." In A Companion to Ancient Egypt, 48–62. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444320053.ch3.

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Xia, Nai. "The Early Dynastic Period." In Ancient Egyptian Beads, 83–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54868-0_16.

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Kikuchi, Yuriko. "Trade of the Lê Dynasty Early Period." In A History of Maritime Trade in Northern Vietnam, 12th to 18th Centuries, 171–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4633-1_6.

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Tufano, Luigi. "Percorsi familiari e preminenza a Nola alla fine del Medioevo. Il caso degli Albertini di Cimitile." In La signoria rurale nell’Italia del tardo medioevo. 2 Archivi e poteri feudali nel Mezzogiorno (secoli XIV-XVI), 465–514. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-301-7.11.

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Through the parchments of the aristocratic archive, the essay reconstructs the events and paths of construction and consolidation of the political and social role of the Albertini of Cimitile, an important family of the Nolan élite, of legal professionals and with consolidated relations with the Orsini count dynasty, in the period between the late Middle Ages and the early modern period.

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Quaresma, José Carlos. "Economic Growth in the Early and Middle Imperial Periods, Pre-200 AD: an Economic Approach from a Peripheral Hispanic Province, Lusitania." In The Roman Empire during the Severan Dynasty, edited by T. Corey Brennan and Eric C. De Sena, 377–414. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463214340-017.

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"Early Dynastic Period." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology, 416–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58292-0_50017.

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"Early Dynastic Period." In The God Enki in Sumerian Royal Ideology and Mythology, 7–23. Harrassowitz, O, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc16s63.7.

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"EGYPTOLOGY AND THE EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD." In Early Dynastic Egypt, 23–43. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203024386-12.

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Bestock, Laurel. "Early Dynastic Egypt." In The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East, 245–315. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687854.003.0005.

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The Early Dynastic period of Egypt was a time of transition during which the complex territorial state that knit together the Nile delta and the Nile valley north of the First Cataract achieved its first stable form. Consisting of the First and Second Dynasties, roughly the thirty-second to twenty-seventh centuries BC, the period is markedly one of change and innovation. During this period many of the central elements of pharaonic kingship were either introduced or codified, including the relationship of the king to the god Horus, extensive use of the hieroglyphic script, urbanism, royal festivals, some administrative practices, and many visual symbols of kingship that would persist for millennia. This chapter provides an overview of the current state of understanding of the Early Dynastic period. It presents a chronological history anchored on royal documents and monuments for the period but also considers thematic elements, such as regional variation, foreign interaction, and the nature of extant sources, that highlight ways in which a traditional historical narrative obscures the complexity of the establishment of the Egyptian state.

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"Predynastic and Early Dynastic Period:." In Chronological Overview of Pottery from Asyut, 27–62. Harrassowitz, O, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvcm4fqg.6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Early Dynastic period"

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Zhang, Hanjun. "Han Opera’s Influence on the Han Embroidery Between the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Minguo Period." In 7th International Conference on Social Science and Higher Education (ICSSHE 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211122.094.

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Chiu, Yi-Ren, and Huann-Ming Chou. "Why the western national boundary during the early period of the Tang Dynasty extended only to Gaochang." In 2016 International Conference on Advanced Materials for Science and Engineering (ICAMSE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icamse.2016.7840334.

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Lai, Kuan-Ling, and Huann-Ming Chou. "The economic and trade development in central and Southern Asia during the early period of the Tang Dynasty." In 2016 International Conference on Advanced Materials for Science and Engineering (ICAMSE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icamse.2016.7840332.

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Moghassemi, Golshan, and Peyman Akhgar. "The Advent of Modern Construction Techniques in Iran: Trans-Iranian Railway Stations (1933-1938)." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3986pe808.

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It was only in the early 20th century that the concept of ‘architect’, as defined in Europe, was introduced in Iran. During the nineteenth century, Iranian architects were traditional master builders (me’mars) who would learn architecture after years of working with a master. This unique change in the conception of architecture in Iran took place during the interwar period. In 1926, when Reza Shah founded the Pahlavi dynasty, his policies toward rapid modernisation transformed the way architectural design and practice was performed in Iran. Among Reza Shah’s earliest programs was the construction of numerous railway stations, extended from north to south, and for that, he invited Western-educated architects and European companies to Iran. The architecture of railway stations became one among the earliest examples of Iranian modern architecture, leading to the introduction of modern materials such as reinforced concrete to Iran. By considering Reza Shah’s nationalist policies and progressive agenda, this article investigates the architecture of railway stations, illuminating how their construction paved the way for the arrival of modern architecture and the development of construction technology in 1930s Iran.

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Reports on the topic "Early Dynastic period"

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Gundacker, Roman. The Descent of Kawab and Hetepheres II. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/erc_stg_757951_r._gundacker_the_descent_of_kawab_and_hetepheres_ii.

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According to the communis opinio, prince Kawab is a son of Cheops. This assumption is primarily based on G. A. Reisner’s conclusions about the location of mastabahs and queen’s pyramids in the East Field and on three relief fragments from mastabah G 7110/20, which W. S. Smith ingeniously assigned to a scene naming Kawab and his mother Meretites. Early after G. A. Reisner had published the first part of his view on the history of the royal family of the Fourth Dynasty, substantial critique was brought forward by W. Federn. Following the latter, Kawab should be considered a grandson of Sneferu because, apart from mastabah G 7110/20 in Gizah, another mastabah at Dahshur bears witness of him. Even though it is now safely determined that the two are neither one and the same person nor contemporaries, W. Federn’s review has been taken as a starting point for further critical investigation by some scholars who came to the conclusion that Kawab was rather a son of Sneferu.

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