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Journal articles on the topic 'Early immune surveillance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Schaller, Julien, and Judith Agudo. "Metastatic Colonization: Escaping Immune Surveillance." Cancers 12, no. 11 (2020): 3385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113385.

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Cancer immunotherapy has shifted the paradigm in cancer therapy by revitalizing immune responses against tumor cells. Specifically, in primary tumors cancer cells evolve in an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which protects them from immune attack. However, during tumor progression, some cancer cells leave the protective tumor mass, disseminating and seeding secondary organs. These initial disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) should potentially be susceptible to recognition by the immune system in the new host tissues. Although Natural Killer or T cells eliminate some of these DTCs, a fraction e

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2

K, Geetha, and Lisa Anna Louis. "A Rare Case of Chorioangioma / Non Immune Fetal Hydrops." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 3 (2023): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijog.2321.1636.11323.4.

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Chorioangioma is a placental hemangioma is a common, non-trophoblastic benign vascular placental tumour of primitive chorionic mesenchyme. The size of the tumour is important. Smaller tumours are clinically insignificant. Giant chorioangioma more than 4 cm has higher risk of maternal and foetal complications. Early diagnosis is done by imaging techniques. Placental lesions detected on sonography necessitate close surveillance of these pregnancies because of the poor outcome ofpregnancy. We present a 32-year primigravida with placental chorioangioma who went in spontaneous labour and delivered

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Mitra, Roshni, Sarvjeet Singh, and Ashok Khar. "Antitumour immune responses." Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 5, no. 3 (2003): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1462399403005623.

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The role of the immune system in combating tumour progression has been studied extensively. The two branches of the immune response – humoral and cell-mediated – act both independently and in concert to combat tumour progression, the success of which depends on the immunogenicity of the tumour cells. The immune system discriminates between transformed cells and normal cells by virtue of the presence of unique antigens on tumour cells. Despite this, the immune system is not always able to detect and kill cancerous cells because neoplasms have also evolved various strategies to escape immune sur

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FRIEDMANN, P. S., I. STRICKLAND, A. A. MEMON, and P. M. JOHNSON. "Early time course of recruitment of immune surveillance in human skin after chemical provocation." Clinical & Experimental Immunology 91, no. 3 (2008): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb05908.x.

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5

Sopper, Sieghart, Satu Mustjoki, Angelica Loskog, et al. "Immune Monitoring In Patients With Early Chronic Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML-CP) Treated With Frontline Nilotinib." Blood 122, no. 21 (2013): 2731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2731.2731.

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Background Imatinib and dasatinib modulate immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Immunological surveillance in the MRD-situation might be of particular relevance for long-term control or even elimination of CML-repopulating stem cells. Little is known about potential immune-modulatory effects of nilotinib in vivo. The ENEST1st study (NCT01061177) is focused on examining the role of firstline nilotinib therapy in CML-CP - this ENEST1st substudy involves a comprehensive immunological monitoring program.

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Brandlmaier, Matthias, Magdalena Hoellwerth, Peter Koelblinger, Roland Lang, and Andrea Harrer. "Adjuvant PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibition in Early Cutaneous Melanoma: Immunological Mode of Action and the Role of Ultraviolet Radiation." Cancers 16, no. 8 (2024): 1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16081461.

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Melanoma ranks as the fifth most common solid cancer in adults worldwide and is responsible for a significant proportion of skin-tumor-related deaths. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibition with anti-programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) antibodies has revolutionized the adjuvant treatment of high-risk, completely resected stage III/IV melanoma. However, not all patients benefit equally. Current strategies for improving outcomes involve adjuvant treatment in earlier disease stages (IIB/C) as well as perioperative treatment approaches. Interfering with T-cell exhaustion to counteract cancer imm

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Urie, Russell R., Chengchuan Xiao, Elizabeth Hughes, et al. "Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Remotely Surveil Presymptomatic Allograft Rejection." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (2023): 173.40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.173.40.

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Abstract As there is no assay to predict the risk of acute cellular allograft rejection (ACAR), clinicians rely on graft biopsy and aggressive, one-size-fits-all immunosuppression. Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is a flawed standard for heart transplant surveillance and diagnosing ACAR, as histological evidence of rejection inherently lags behind molecular biomarkers and suffers from variability. Noninvasive alternatives to EMB in ACAR surveillance, including gene profiling and donor-derived cell-free DNA, also measure lagging indicators of ACAR. A minimally invasive surveillance method is urgent

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Bayó, Cristina, Gerhard Jung, Marta Español-Rego, Francesc Balaguer, and Daniel Benitez-Ribas. "Vaccines for Non-Viral Cancer Prevention." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 20 (2021): 10900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222010900.

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Cancer vaccines are a type of immune therapy that seeks to modulate the host’s immune system to induce durable and protective immune responses against cancer-related antigens. The little clinical success of therapeutic cancer vaccines is generally attributed to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment at late-stage diseases. The administration of cancer-preventive vaccination at early stages, such as pre-malignant lesions or even in healthy individuals at high cancer risk could increase clinical efficacy by potentiating immune surveillance and pre-existing specific immune responses, thus e

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Morgado, Manuel, Ana Plácido, Sandra Morgado, and Fátima Roque. "Management of the Adverse Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors." Vaccines 8, no. 4 (2020): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040575.

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By increasing the activity of the immune system, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI) can have adverse inflammatory effects, which are referred to as immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). In this review, we present the recommendations for the appropriate identification and treatment of irAEs associated with ICPI to increase the safety and effectiveness of therapy with these immuno-oncological drugs. Several guidelines to manage irAEs adopted by different American and European societies in the field of oncology were identified. A narrative review of the several strategies adopted to manage irA

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Hamatake, Kiyonori, and Kazuaki Kojima. "Initiatives for immune-related adverse events by the outpatient pharmacist clinic." Trends in Immunotherapy 6, no. 1 (2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/ti.v6.i1.1385.

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Early detection is the key in managing side effects because immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are becoming more serious, and their onset time differs. In our hospital, we conducted an outpatient pharmacist clinic for early detection of irAEs by self-care practice for the cases of immune checkpoint inhibitor administration. As a result of a retrospective survey of 207 cases, the percentage of irAEs found by pharmacist’s suggestion of the outpatient pharmacist clinic increased over time, and a high detection ratio was obtained even for irAEs with a late onset time. The incidence of serious i

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11

Wang, Xinlu, Melody M. H. Li, Jing Zhao, et al. "Sindbis Virus Can Exploit a Host Antiviral Protein To Evade Immune Surveillance." Journal of Virology 90, no. 22 (2016): 10247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01487-16.

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ABSTRACTViral infection induces production of type I interferons (IFNs), which stimulate the expression of a variety of antiviral factors to inhibit viral replication. To establish effective infection, viruses need to develop strategies to evade the immune responses. A neurovirulent Sindbis virus strain with neuroinvasive properties (SVNI) causes lethal encephalitis in mice, and its replication in cultured cells is inhibited by the zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP), a host factor that specifically inhibits the replication of certain viruses by binding to the viral mRNAs, repressing the trans

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Peng, Ling, Yongchang Zhang, and Zibing Wang. "Immune Responses against Disseminated Tumor Cells." Cancers 13, no. 11 (2021): 2515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112515.

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Most cancer-related deaths are a consequence of metastases, a series of linear events, notably the invasion–metastasis cascade. The current understanding of cancer immune surveillance derives from studies in primary tumors, but disseminated cancer cells acquire mutations and, in some cases, appear to progress independently after spreading from primary sites. An early step in this process is micrometastatic dissemination. As such, the equilibrium between the immune system and disseminated cancer cells controls the fate of the cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) exhibit significant clini

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Liu, Ping, Yan Hong, Bincai Yang, Prasha Shrestha, Nelam Sajjad, and Ji-Long Chen. "Induction of the Antiviral Immune Response and Its Circumvention by Coronaviruses." Viruses 12, no. 9 (2020): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12091039.

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Some coronaviruses are zoonotic viruses of human and veterinary medical importance. The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory symptoms coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), associated with the current global pandemic, is characterized by pneumonia, lymphopenia, and a cytokine storm in humans that has caused catastrophic impacts on public health worldwide. Coronaviruses are known for their ability to evade innate immune surveillance exerted by the host during the early phase of infection. It is important to comprehensively investigate the interaction between highly pathogenic coronaviruses and thei

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van Dommelen, Serani L. H., Hyacinth A. Tabarias, Mark J. Smyth, and Mariapia A. Degli-Esposti. "Activation of Natural Killer (NK) T Cells during Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection Enhances the Antiviral Response Mediated by NK Cells." Journal of Virology 77, no. 3 (2003): 1877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.3.1877-1884.2003.

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ABSTRACT NK1.1+ T (NKT) cells are efficient regulators of early host responses which have been shown to play a role in tumor surveillance. The relevance of NKT cells in immune surveillance of viral infections, however, is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the functional relevance of NKT cells in controlling herpesvirus infections by using challenge with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) as the study model. This model has proven to be one of the best systems for evaluating the role of NK cells during virus infection. Using gene-targeted mice and α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) as

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Gasser, M., M. Grimm, E. Nichiporuk, et al. "PD-1/PDL-1 expression in colorectal cancer and its implications for tumor immune evasion." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (2006): 10046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10046.

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10046 Background: Malignant tumors may evade immunological surveillance by an active downregulation of T cell activation by PD-1 (programmed death 1)/ PDL-1 signaling. This would result in a decreased immune response, thus, promoting tumor growth. Methods: We analyzed the expression of PD-1/PDL-1 genes, cytokines, and T cell subpopulations in tumor tissues of 81 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for primary colorectal cancer according to their UICC stage. Expression of PD-1/PDL-1, T cell subpopulations, and cytokines in tumor tissues were assessed using immunostaining, immunofluoresce

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Atif, Shaikh M., Sophie L. Gibbings, Elizabeth F. Redente, et al. "Immune Surveillance by Natural IgM Is Required for Early Neoantigen Recognition and Initiation of Adaptive Immunity." American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology 59, no. 5 (2018): 580–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2018-0159oc.

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Proescholdt, Martin A., Marsha J. Merrill, Barbara Ikejiri, et al. "Site-specific immune response to implanted gliomas." Journal of Neurosurgery 95, no. 6 (2001): 1012–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2001.95.6.1012.

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Object. Immunotherapy for glioblastoma has been uniformly ineffective. The immunological environment of the brain, with its low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and limited access for inflammatory cells and humoral immune effectors due to the blood—brain barrier (BBB), may contribute to the failure of immunotherapy. The authors hypothesize that brain tumors are protected from immune surveillance by an intact BBB at early stages of development. To investigate the immunological characteristics of early tumor growth, the authors compared the host response to a glioma

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Houlahan, Kathleen, Aziz Khan, and Christina Curtis. "Abstract 5954: Germline epitopes modulate immune surveillance informing breast cancer subtypes." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (2023): 5954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-5954.

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Abstract Cancer represents a wide spectrum of molecularly and morphologically diverse diseases. Individuals with the same histopathological classification can have tumors with drastically different molecular profiles and clinical responses to treatment. It remains unclear as to when during the disease course these differences arise and why some tumors are addicted to one oncogenic pathway over another. Somatic genomic aberrations occur within the context of an individual’s germline genome, which can vary across millions of germline polymorphisms. It is unknown the extent to which germline diff

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Nikiforow, Sarah, Kim Bottomly, and George Miller. "CD4+ T-Cell Effectors Inhibit Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced B-Cell Proliferation." Journal of Virology 75, no. 8 (2001): 3740–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.8.3740-3752.2001.

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ABSTRACT In immunodeficient hosts, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) often induces extensive B-cell lymphoproliferative disease and lymphoma. Without effective in vitro immune surveillance, B cells infected by the virus readily form immortalized cell lines. In the regression assay, memory T cells inhibit the formation of foci of EBV-transformed B cells that follows recent in vitro infection by EBV. No one has yet addressed which T cell regulates the early proliferative phase of B cells newly infected by EBV. Using new quantitative methods, we analyzed T-cell surveillance of EBV-mediated B-cell prolifer

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Singh, K. K. "Expression of PD-L1 in human placenta and retained product of conception of early pregnancy loss." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 160, Supplement_1 (2023): S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqad150.178.

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Abstract Introduction/Objective Immune surveillance evasion and impeding rejection by the maternal immune response system are elemental in sustaining foetal development. The exact mechanism behind this paradoxical immune response remains unclear. Since the trophoblast directly interacts with the maternal immune-environment, these cells must have some contribution to local immunosuppression. The programmed death-1 receptor and its ligands (PD- 1/PDL1)illustrates a novel regulatory-costulatory pathway that plays a major role in establishing peripheral tolerance. It was recently proved that PDL1

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Gao, Zetian, Qiubo Zhang, Xie Zhang, and Yufei Song. "Advance of T regulatory cells in tumor microenvironment remodeling and immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer." European Journal of Inflammation 20 (January 2022): 1721727X2210929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1721727x221092900.

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly aggressive, deadly, and is rarely diagnosed early. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are a multifunctional class of immunosuppressive T cells that help maintain immunologic homeostasis and participate in autoimmune diseases, transplants, and tumors. This cell type mediates immune homeostasis, tolerance, and surveillance and is associated with poor outcomes in PDAC. Tregs remodel the tumor immune microenvironment, mediate tumor immune escape, and promote tumor invasion and metastasis. A promising area of research involves regulating Tregs to reduce thei

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Christakou, Athanasia E., Mathias Ohlin, Björn Önfelt, and Martin Wiklund. "Ultrasonic three-dimensional on-chip cell culture for dynamic studies of tumor immune surveillance by natural killer cells." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 15 (2015): 3222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5lc00436e.

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We demonstrate 3D ultrasound cell culture for the formation of solid liver tumors in a multi-well microplate, and we use this method to simulate the early stages of tumor development under immune natural killer cell attack.

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Mestrallet, Guillaume. "Abstract 6652: Overcoming immune resistance in DNA mismatch repair deficient tumors." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (2023): 6652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-6652.

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Abstract Patients with Lynch Syndrome, an inherited mismatch repair deficiency, have an increased risk for developing microsatellite unstable (MSI-H) cancers. Our team recently identified shared immunogenic frameshift peptides in patient tumors that can be targets of T cell surveillance and preventative MSI-H cancer vaccines. We hypothesize that in Lynch Syndrome some premalignant lesions are capable of evading immune surveillance from cytotoxic T lymphocytes due to immune checkpoint expression and immunosuppression from tumor, myeloid and stromal cell populations. Immune checkpoint blockade (

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Cedro-Tanda, Alberto, Laura Gómez-Romero, Guillermo de Anda-Jauregui, et al. "Early Genomic, Epidemiological, and Clinical Description of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Mexico City." Viruses 14, no. 3 (2022): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030545.

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Omicron is the most mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant—a factor that can affect transmissibility, disease severity, and immune evasiveness. Its genomic surveillance is important in cities with millions of inhabitants and an economic center, such as Mexico City. Results. From 16 November to 31 December 2021, we observed an increase of 88% in Omicron prevalence in Mexico City. We explored the R346K substitution, prevalent in 42% of Omicron variants, known to be associated with immune escape by monoclonal antibodies. In a phylogenetic analysis, we found several independent exchanges between Mexico and th

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Radom-Aizik, Shlomit. "Immune Response to Exercise During Growth." Pediatric Exercise Science 29, no. 1 (2017): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2017-0003.

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Two papers were selected for this commentary. The first paper (Citation 1) suggests that a 10-week, moderate-intensity exercise program performed early after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is feasible in this fragile population, and might improve cell cytotoxicity by redistributing subpopulations of NK cells. This study adds to the growing evidence that enhancing immune cell surveillance (e.g., NK cells) in response to exercise could benefit cancer patients. The second paper (Citation 2) studied neutrophil-related mediators of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in

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Su, Alan, Rodrigo Pedraza, and Hagen Kennecke. "Developments in Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for the Management of Deficient Mismatch Repair (dMMR) Rectal Cancer." Current Oncology 30, no. 4 (2023): 3672–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30040279.

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Deficient mismatch repair (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSIH) colorectal cancer is resistant to conventional chemotherapy but responds to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). We review the standard of care in locally advanced dMMR rectal cancer with a focus on ICI. We also present a case report to highlight the treatment complexities and unique challenges of this novel treatment approach. ICI can lead to immune related adverse events (irAEs), resulting in early treatment discontinuation as well as new challenges to surveillance and surgical management. Overall, neoadjuvant ICI can lea

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Venkatesh, Vishnu, Christine Yen, Ray Zhang, et al. "Prospective cardiovascular surveillance of immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combination therapy in patients with early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (2023): 2607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.2607.

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2607 Background: Both pembrolizumab and anthracyclines (AC) can cause adverse cardiovascular events; combination therapy is approved for high-risk, early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and may further increase real-world cardiovascular risk. Cardiac surveillance with serial troponin measurements has been advocated in this population, though evidence supporting this approach is lacking. Methods: High-sensitivity troponin I (hs-TnI) was prospectively measured at baseline and with each treatment cycle in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) at a single center

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Xu, Wenxi, Laura M. Snell, Mengdi Guo, et al. "Uncovering the underlying immune perturbations that determine long-term severity of chronic virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection." Journal of Immunology 206, no. 1_Supplement (2021): 62.08. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.62.08.

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Abstract Chronic viral infections increase severity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) coinfection, yet how they alter the pulmonary microenvironment to foster coinfection and worsen disease severity is unclear. We developed a coinfection model in mice with chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Mtb coinfection that recapitulated the central clinical manifestations of coinfection, including increased Mtb burden, extra-pulmonary dissemination and heightened mortality. These long-term disease consequences were not due to chronic virus-induced immunosuppression or exhaustion, but instead

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McWilliam, Andrew S., Sylvia Napoli, Amanda M. Marsh, et al. "Dendritic Cells Are Recruited into the Airway Epithelium during the Inflammatory Response to a Broad Spectrum of Stimuli." Journal of Experimental Medicine 184, no. 6 (1996): 2429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.184.6.2429.

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A key rate-limiting step in the adaptive immune response at peripheral challenge sites is the transmission of antigen signals to T cells in regional lymph nodes. Recent evidence suggests that specialized dendritic cells (DC) fulfill this surveillance function in the resting state, but their relatively slow turnover in most peripheral tissues brings into question their effectiveness in signaling the arrival of highly pathogenic sources of antigen which require immediate mobilization of the full range of host defenses for maintenance of homeostasis. However, the present report demonstrates that

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Van Neste, Leander, Kirk J. Wojno, Ricardo Henao, et al. "Evaluation of an RNAseq-Based Immunogenomic Liquid Biopsy Approach in Early-Stage Prostate Cancer." Cells 10, no. 10 (2021): 2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10102567.

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The primary objective of this study is to detect biomarkers and develop models that enable the identification of clinically significant prostate cancer and to understand the biologic implications of the genes involved. Peripheral blood samples (1018 patients) were split chronologically into independent training (n = 713) and validation (n = 305) sets. Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing was performed on isolated phagocytic CD14+ and non-phagocytic CD2+ cells and their gene expression levels were used to develop predictive models that correlate to adverse pathologic features. The immune-transcri

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Cui, Min, Jiaolong Yuan, Chong Wang, et al. "Inhibition of T cell response by Japanese encephalitis virus: a mechanism of immune evasion (VIR5P.1019)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (2014): 144.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.144.2.

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Abstract Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne neurotropic virus, which can escape from the peripheral immune response resulting in serious neuroinflammation. However, the mechanism of JEV immune evasion still remains unclear. In our study, it was found that co-inhibitory molecules CD279 (PD-1) and CD272 (BTLA) were upregulated on T cells in JEV infected mouse. The increase of CD279 on CD8+ T cells was more obvious than on CD4+ T cells in the early stage of infection. The expression of CD274 (PD-1 ligand 1) was also upregulated on dendritic cells and macrophages accordingly. As

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Pankowska, Katarzyna Aneta, Grażyna Ewa Będkowska, Joanna Chociej-Stypułkowska, Małgorzata Rusak, Milena Dąbrowska, and Joanna Osada. "Crosstalk of Immune Cells and Platelets in an Ovarian Cancer Microenvironment and Their Prognostic Significance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 11 (2023): 9279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119279.

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Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest gynecological cancers, largely due to the fast development of metastasis and drug resistance. The immune system is a critical component of the OC tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune cells such as T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in anti-tumor immunity. However, OC tumor cells are well known for evading immune surveillance by modulating the immune response through various mechanisms. Recruiting immune-suppressive cells such as regulatory T cells (Treg cells), macrophages, or myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) inhibi

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Kim, Hyoji, Hoyun Choi, and Suk Kyeong Lee. "Epstein-Barr Virus MicroRNA miR-BART20-5p Suppresses Lytic Induction by InhibitingBAD-Mediatedcaspase-3-Dependent Apoptosis." Journal of Virology 90, no. 3 (2015): 1359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02794-15.

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ABSTRACTEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human gammaherpesvirus associated with a variety of tumor types. EBV can establish latency or undergo lytic replication in host cells. In general, EBV remains latent in tumors and expresses a limited repertoire of latent proteins to avoid host immune surveillance. When the lytic cycle is triggered by some as-yet-unknown form of stimulation, lytic gene expression and progeny virus production commence. Thus far, the exact mechanism of EBV latency maintenance and thein vivotriggering signal for lytic induction have yet to be elucidated. Previously, we have sh

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Eaton, Valerie L., Damiano Fantini, Yanni Yu, et al. "Early Suppression of Immune Regulatory Mechanisms Reduces Tumor Progression in a Murine Model of Urothelial Cancer." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (2020): 244.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.244.9.

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Abstract Urothelial cancer (UC) is the fifth most common cancer in the US. While cancer cells may be recognized initially by the immune system, this response is reduced as the tumor escapes immune surveillance over time. An understanding of the immune responses early in cancer progression could identify new therapies that can suppress tumor progression. To that end, we used a murine model of bladder cancer induced by the carcinogen BBN, which replicates the clinical presentation of UC in humans. RNAseq analysis of bladder tumors from mice exposed to BBN revealed an increase in immune regulator

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Rao, Chinthalapally V., Chao Xu, Mudassir Farooqui, Yuting Zhang, Adam S. Asch, and Hiroshi Y. Yamada. "Survival-Critical Genes Associated with Copy Number Alterations in Lung Adenocarcinoma." Cancers 13, no. 11 (2021): 2586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112586.

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Chromosome Instability (CIN) in tumors affects carcinogenesis, drug resistance, and recurrence/prognosis. Thus, it has a high impact on outcomes in clinic. However, how CIN occurs in human tumors remains elusive. Although cells with CIN (i.e., pre/early cancer cells) are proposed to be removed by apoptosis and/or a surveillance mechanism, this surveillance mechanism is poorly understood. Here we employed a novel data-mining strategy (Gene Expression to Copy Number Alterations [CNA]; “GE-CNA”) to comprehensively identify 1578 genes that associate with CIN, indicated by genomic CNA as its surrog

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Kline, Justin, James Godfrey, and Stephen M. Ansell. "The immune landscape and response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in lymphoma." Blood 135, no. 8 (2020): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019000847.

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Abstract The clinical development of effective cancer immunotherapies, along with advances in genomic analysis, has led to the identification of tumor environmental features that predict for sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade therapy (CBT). Early-phase clinical trial results have demonstrated the remarkable effectiveness of CBT in specific lymphoma subtypes, including classical Hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. Conversely, CBT has been relatively disappointing in follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. These clinical observations, coupled with impo

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Kosova, A. A., V. I. Chalapa, T. M. Itani, and A. V. Semenov. "Epidemiological portrait of noroviral infection." Ural Medical Journal 21, no. 3 (2022): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52420/2071-5943-2022-21-3-114-128.

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Introduction. Noroviruses are a common cause of acute gastroenteritis with significant public health burden, including outbreaks in health facilities, closed and semi-closed settings. This study aims to present a global overview and trends in noroviral epidemiology and highlights the important biological properties of norovirus. Materials and methods. The bibliographic databases (PubMed and Russian Science Citation Index) were searched based on the keyword “norovirus” (in English and Russian languages respectively) without restrictions and 338 papers were retrieved. Results and Discussion. Hum

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Feng, Haokang, Jiale Feng, Xu Han, et al. "The Potential of Siglecs and Sialic Acids as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Tumor Immunotherapy." Cancers 16, no. 2 (2024): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16020289.

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The dysregulation of sialic acid is closely associated with oncogenesis and tumor progression. Most tumor cells exhibit sialic acid upregulation. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are receptors that recognize sialic acid and are expressed in various immune cells. The activity of Siglecs in the tumor microenvironment promotes immune escape, mirroring the mechanisms of the well-characterized PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in cancer. Cancer cells utilize sialic acid-linked glycans to evade immune surveillance. As Siglecs exhibit similar mechanisms as the established immune checkpoint

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Sow, Mamadou Saliou, Josue Togo, Lacy M. Simons, et al. "Genomic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in Guinea, West Africa." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (2024): e0299082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299082.

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SARS-CoV-2 has claimed several million lives since its emergence in late 2019. The ongoing evolution of the virus has resulted in the periodic emergence of new viral variants with distinct fitness advantages, including enhanced transmission and immune escape. While several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern trace their origins back to the African continent—including Beta, Eta, and Omicron–most countries in Africa remain under-sampled in global genomic surveillance efforts. In an effort to begin filling these knowledge gaps, we conducted retrospective viral genomic surveillance in Guinea from Octob

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Xu, Yan, Yao Yao, Woojun Daniel Park, et al. "Enhancing the Immune Surveillance in Multiple Myeloma Via CDK4/6 Inhibition." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (2020): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-143327.

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Deregulation of cyclin D genes is a uniform event in multiple myeloma (MM) and represent a striking addiction as observed in pan-cancer genome-wide CRISPR screening data. However, early stage Cyclin D and other cell cycle kinases inhibitors have shown a lack of single agent activity suggesting that targeting of cell cycle regulation is insufficient to produce a durable response in MM. Recent evidence recognizes the Cyclin D and CDK4 activities within the immune tumor microenvironment, supporting a previously unrecognized immunomodulatory functions of CDK4/6. This is particularly important in M

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Li, Xue, Kaifeng Pan, Michael Vieth, Markus Gerhard, Wenqing Li, and Raquel Mejiías-Luque. "JAK-STAT1 Signaling Pathway Is an Early Response to Helicobacter pylori Infection and Contributes to Immune Escape and Gastric Carcinogenesis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 8 (2022): 4147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084147.

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Helicobacter pylori infection induces a number of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways contributing to gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis and has been identified as a major risk factor for the development of gastric cancer (GC). Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling mediates immune regulatory processes, including tumor-driven immune escape. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed on gastric epithelium can suppress the immune system by shutting down T cell effector function. In a human cohort of subjects with gastric lesions and GC analyzed b

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Addissouky, Tamer A., Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed, Majeed M. A. Ali, et al. "Can Vaccines Stop Cancer Before It Starts? Assessing the Promise of Prophylactic Immunization Against High-Risk Preneoplastic Lesions." Journal of Cellular Immunology 5, no. 4 (2023): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33696/immunology.5.178.

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Background: Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality with modest declines, highlighting the need for more efficacious prevention strategies like early immunological intervention against premalignant disease. Main body of abstract: Oncogenic viruses demonstrate prophylactic vaccines can successfully reduce malignancy by blocking precipitating infections. However, most cancers lack viral etiology, requiring novel approaches targeting sporadic precancerous states to enable early immunoprevention. Preneoplastic tissues exhibit biological changes making them appealing targets for stimulating imm

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Rossi, Matilde, Nicole Cruz-Reyes, Melody L. Stallings Mann, et al. "Abstract 4773: Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) as a biomarker for early detection and prevention of axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (2024): 4773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-4773.

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Abstract Breast cancer (BC) remains a leading health concern worldwide and is often undetected until the cancer metastasizes. Early detection can limit the need for aggressive treatments and improve prognosis. We analyzed early immune and molecular markers in benign breast disease (BBD) biopsies prior to BC development to identify women at elevated risk of developing node-positive invasive BC, which might direct surveillance and prevention efforts aimed at reducing incidence of this disease. Utilizing the Mayo Clinic BBD cohort, we compared women who developed node-positive BC following their

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Shimozaki, Keitaro, Kenro Hirata, Sara Horie, et al. "The Entire Intestinal Tract Surveillance Using Capsule Endoscopy after Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Administration: A Prospective Observational Study." Diagnostics 11, no. 3 (2021): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030543.

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Background: Despite the proven efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) against various types of malignancies, they have been found to induce immune-related adverse events, such as enterocolitis; however, the clinical features of ICI-induced enterocolitis remain to be sufficiently elucidated, which is significant, considering the importance of early detection in the appropriate management and treatment of ICI-induced enterocolitis. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the utility of capsule endoscopy as a screening tool for ICI-induced enterocolitis. Methods: This single-cent

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Gan, Chai, Bernard Kok Bang Lee, Shin Hin Lau, et al. "911 Immune profiling reveals enrichment of distinct immune signatures in high-risk oral potentially malignant disorders." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, Suppl 2 (2021): A957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.911.

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BackgroundPatients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) having moderate or severe oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) have a greater risk of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) compared to mild OED with an odds ratio of 2.4.1 The involvement of specific immune cell types associated with malignant transformation have been reported, giving rise to clinical trials in immunoprevention. However, the immune landscape of OPMD remains understudied. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the immune landscape of high-risk OPMD by transcriptomic profiling for the identification of potent

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Engin, Ayse Basak, Riza Onder Gunaydin, Sacit Altug Kesikli, Dietmar Fuchs, and Ali Sefik Hosal. "Serum neopterin concentrations and tryptophan degradation pattern in patients with late stage larynx carcinoma." Pteridines 28, no. 2 (2017): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pterid-2017-0004.

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AbstractAs the disease-free 5-year-survival of late stage laryngeal carcinoma patients is extremely low, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO)-induced tryptophan degradation may represent an immune escape mechanism which plays an important role in cancer spreading in advanced stage laryngeal cancers. We examined whether the late stage laryngeal cancer enhances tumor immune evasion by the expression of systemic IDO activities and chronic cellular immune activation. Twenty-two of 42 male laryngeal cancer patients were classified as late stage cancer according to American Joint Committee on Cancer

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Leo, Isabella, Mahesh Vidula, Giandomenico Bisaccia, et al. "The Role of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Modalities in Cardio-Oncology: From Early Detection to Unravelling Mechanisms of Cardiotoxicity." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 15 (2023): 4945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12154945.

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Advances in cancer therapies have led to a global improvement in patient survival rates. Nevertheless, the price to pay is a concomitant increase in cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in this population. Increased inflammation and disturbances of the immune system are shared by both cancer and CV diseases. Immunological effects of anti-cancer treatments occur with both conventional chemotherapy and, to a greater extent, with novel biological therapies such as immunotherapy. For these reasons, there is growing interest in the immune system and its potential role at the molecular level

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Santibanez, Juan F., and Suncica Bjelica. "Transforming Growth Factor-Beta1 and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Interplay in Cancer." Open Cancer Immunology Journal 6, no. 1 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876401001706010001.

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Background: Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine with a double role in cancer through its capacity to inhibit early stages of tumors while enhancing tumor progression at late stages of tumor progression. Moreover, TGF-β1 is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine within the tumor microenvironment that allows cancer cells to escape from immune surveillance, which largely contributes to the tumor progression. Method: It has been established that the cancer progression is commonly associated with increased number of Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) that are a hal

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Ní Chasaide, Caitlín, and Marina A. Lynch. "The role of the immune system in driving neuroinflammation." Brain and Neuroscience Advances 4 (January 2020): 239821281990108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2398212819901082.

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Neuroinflammation is now recognised as an important contributory factor in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease and probably also in the early stages of the disease. It is likely that this derives largely from aberrant activation of microglia, the resident mononuclear phagocytes of the brain. These cells are responsible for physiological immune surveillance and clearance of pathogens in the central nervous system, but evidence indicates that in Alzheimer’s disease, microglial function is compromised, and this contributes to the pathology. It is unclear what factors cause the inappropriate ac

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Antea, Krsek, Krpina Kristina, Samarzija Miroslav, Detel Dijana, Baticic Lara, and Sotosek Vlatka. "Immunotherapy in cancer: Where we are and what the future brings?" Trends in Immunotherapy 7, no. 2 (2023): 2186. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/ti.v7.i2.2186.

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Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery are recognized as the main treatment modalities for cancer. These therapeutic strategies may be effective in the early stages of the disease but are usually ineffective in advanced stages or when the cancer recurs. Recently, great efforts have been made to understand the complex interaction between the immune system and its surveillance of cancer and to find effective immunotherapies for all stages of cancer. Several types of immunotherapies, including adoptive immunotherapy, cancer vaccines, and immune checkpoint blockades, are receiving considerable at

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