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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Early tumor detection'

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1

Delhomme, Tiffany. "Using the systematic nature of errors in NGS data to efficiently detect mutations : computational methods and application to early cancer detection." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1098/document.

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La caractérisation exaustive des variations de l'ADN peut aider à progresser dans de nombreux champs liés à la génomique du cancer. Le séquençage nouvelle génération (NGS en anglais pour Next Generation Sequencing) est actuellement la technique la plus efficace pour déterminer une séquence ADN, du aux faibles coûts et durées des expériences comparé à la méthode de séquençage traditionnelle de Sanger. Cependant, la détection de mutations à partir de données NGS reste encore un problème difficile, en particulier pour les mutations somatiques présentes en très faible abondance comme lorsque l'on
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2

Moore, Elizabeth. "Improving earlier non-invasive diagnosis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285405.

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The majority of women with ovarian cancer (OC) have advanced disease at diagnosis and 5-year survival rates of less than 25%. Women with stage I disease have significantly better 5-year survival rates of over 90%. Recent large studies using CA 125 and transvaginal ultrasound have failed to improve mortality in a screened population. There is therefore a pressing need for new diagnostic biomarkers in OC. The primary aim of my project, as a first step in developing a diagnostic circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) biomarker for high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), was to investigate low-cost high
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3

Victoria, Rosemary. "Development of luminescent ruthenium complexes for in-vitro fluorescence imaging of angiogenesis with the RGD peptide." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/633.

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Herein we report the synthesis of an RGD-ruthenium bipyridine [Ru(Bpy)2(BpyRGD)]2+ complex aimed at the detection of angiogenesis. Angiogenesis plays a critical role in many pathophysiological processes, such as tumor growth. The αv-integrins (αv[beta]3, αv[beta]5) are currently used as molecular targeting sites for anti-angiogenic therapies. The [Ru(Bpy)2(BpyRGD)]2+ complex is an organometallic luminescent probe, which enables noninvasive, in vitro imaging of αv[beta]3 expression. Peptides containing the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence have been shown to bind strongly to the αvb
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4

Sathe, Tushar R. "Integrated Magnetic and Optical Nanotechnology for Early Cancer Detection and Monitoring." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19868.

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Despite significant developments in imaging modalities and therapeutics, cancer mortality rates remain unchanged. Detecting cancer before it has spread to other organs improves patient outcome dramatically. Therefore, greater emphasis must be placed on developing novel technology for early cancer detection and disease monitoring. Nanometer-sized materials have unique optoelectronic and magnetic properties. In particular, semiconductor quantum dots (QD) are a new class of fluorophores that are bright, photostable, and can be simultaneously excited to emit different wavelengths of light. Magneti
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5

Ehdode, Abdlrzag Muftah. "Circulating free DNA : a tumour biomarker for early detection and follow-up in colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/40875.

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Background: Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma is under investigation as a “liquid biopsy” for monitoring cancers as a surrogate for the primary tumour. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of cfDNA for early detection and follow up of patients with colorectal cancers (CRC). Methods: 55 colonic and 29 rectal operable carcinomas were investigated comparing matched tumour tissue and cfDNA. A 69bp ALU repeat qPCR assay was used to quantify fragmented DNA. Allele specific locked nucleic acid/peptide nucleic acid (AS-LNA/PNA qPCR assays were used to detect hot spot mutations
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6

Moe, Myint Ni Ni. "Assessing circulating cell-free tumour DNA as a potential biomarker for early detection and chemoprevention of colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/40625.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the UK, and patient mortality is strongly correlated to the cancer stage at diagnosis. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are short DNA fragments released into the blood from dying cells, and the use of cfDNA as a predictive and diagnostic biomarker for CRC patients has gained traction recently. The work undertaken in the thesis aimed to assess whether cfDNA could be a suitable biomarker for detection and monitoring of early colorectal lesions in preclinical and clinical settings. Custom qPCR and ddPCR assays were d
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7

Choi, Jungyoon. "Développement de molécules théranostiques ciblantes contre le cancer de la prostate Targeting tumors with cyclic RGD-conjugated lipid nanoparticles loaded with an IR780 NIR dye: In vitro and in vivo evaluation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV025.

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Depuis leur découverte en 1987, les peptides RGD ont été largement testés comme agents anti-angiogéniques et comme agents de contraste pour la détection et l’imagerie des tumeurs. En particulier pour l’imagerie optique, plusieurs vecteurs à base de RGD sont testés en préclinique car ils ciblent en même temps les tumeurs et leurs vaisseaux récemment formés.Le premier objectif de ma thèse était de développer un agent de contraste fluorescent dans le proche infra-rouge pour guider la prise de biopsies dans la prostate par imagerie optique. En tant que partenaire d’un programme ANR, notre objectif
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8

Lyth, Johan. "Clinical-epidemiological studies on cutaneous malignant melanoma : A register approach." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för kliniska vetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-113145.

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The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is steadily increasing. Most of the patients have thin CMM with a good prognosis and a 5-year survival of about 90%. The prognosis is highly related to tumour thickness and clinical stage at diagnosis. Effective systemic treatment for patients with metastatic disease has only recently been available. This thesis aims to increase knowledge of trends in tumour thickness, prognostic factors, socioeconomic differences and medical costs in patients with CMM. The population-based Swedish melanoma register is the main source of data in all papers in
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9

Chang, Yu-Cheng, and 張昱政. "High Density Cells Array Chip Applied for Early Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64423170127434653092.

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10

Jamal, Tameem. "Cancer biomarkers, and novel techniques for detection." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/26755.

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Technologies for early detection of tumors is critical for better therapy outcome and overall change in cancer survival. These assays must be capable of detecting tumors at early stages in order to prevent metastasis of the tumor and help reduce mortality. Biological molecules can serve as markers that can indicate the presence of cancerous cells. Current biomarkers approved by the FDA include CA 125, which is a tumor associated antigen (TAA). However, the sensitivities of these TAAs is not high enough to detect at early stages of disease. Recent technologies have found that antibodies that re
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11

Lin, Yu-Ying, and 林佑穎. "A Two-Dimensional Fluorescent Cell Array System for the Early Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48354785028558558024.

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12

"Investigation of Tumor Frame Shift Antigens for Prophylactic Cancer Vaccine, Cancer Detection and Tumorigenicity." Doctoral diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.15925.

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abstract: Cancer is one of the most serious global diseases. We have focused on cancer immunoprevention. My thesis projects include developing a prophylactic primary and metastatic cancer vaccines, early cancer detection and investigation of genes involved in tumor development. These studies were focused on frame-shift (FS) antigens. The FS antigens are generated by genomic mutations or abnormal RNA processing, which cause a portion of a normal protein to be translated out of frame. The concept of the prophylactic cancer vaccine is to develop a general cancer vaccine that could prevent healthy
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13

Cheng, Ching-Ju, and 鄭敬儒. "A Hand-Held Based Near-Infrared Tomography Imaging System and Chip Design for Early-stage Breast Tumor Detection." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79587734947620262703.

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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>電子工程學系 電子研究所<br>101<br>According to the World Health Organization (WHO) released information in 2008, breast cancer had caused around 13.7% cancer deaths in women in developing and developed countries, and the trend is still growing. Since the early breast tumor treatment significantly helps the survival rate after treatment, early breast tumor detection is important, and it has become one of the tough topics in the relative research groups. Because the women usually ashamed to tell people if they have the lumps in breast, to develop a hand-held self-detected breast imaging sys
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14

Lin, Hung Chih, and 林鴻至. "The values of a circulating tumor cells negative selection platform in early detection and prognostic outcome prediction of cancer patients." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2rwp23.

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15

Bodapati, Sandhya. "Differentiating between the tumor microenvironment and inflammation in order to use immune cells as living cell diagnostics for early cancer detection." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/36247.

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Recent advances in the field of synthetic biology have enabled the use of macrophages as living cell diagnostics for early cancer detection. Presently, macrophages have been engineered to be macrophage sensors, which produce a reporter signal upon activation of the ARG1 promoter—an event which will occur in the tumor microenvironment (Aalipour et al., 2019). Incorporation of Boolean logic gates can help refine the specificity of this sensor, to ensure that it is only activated in the tumor microenvironment and not in inflammatory or wound healing environments. In order to do this, it is necess
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16

Chen, Yu-Hsiang. "Multi-Modality Plasma-Based Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/20202.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are pathologically defined by the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. Compared to other breast cancers, TNBC has a relatively high mortality. In addition, TNBC patients are more likely to relapse in the first few years after treatment, and experiencing a shorter median time from recurrence to death. Detecting the presence of tumor in patients who are technically “disease-free” after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery as early as possible might be able to predict recurr
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17

Weigum, Shannon Elise. "Development of a cell-based lab-on-a-chip sensor for detection of oral cancer biomarkers." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/9817.

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Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and has been marked by high morbidity and poor survival rates that have changed little over the past few decades. Beyond prevention, early detection is the most crucial determinant for successful treatment and survival of cancer. Yet current methodologies for cancer diagnosis based upon pathological examination alone are insufficient for detecting early tumor progression and molecular transformation. Development of new diagnostic tools incorporating tumor biomarkers could enhance early detection by providing molecular-level insight into the
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18

Lee, Justin. "High Frequency Ultrasound Backscatter Analysis for the Detection of Early Tumour Response to Radiotherapy and a Novel Anti-vascular Treatment." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/25778.

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There is a need for cancer imaging to provide “real-time” information about the cellular responses of tumours in contrast to standard evaluations of tumour size. Quantitative ultrasound techniques have recently been demonstrated to be a potential method of assessing tumour response at the cellular level through the analysis of radiofrequency backscatter data. In this thesis, prostate cancer xenografts were evaluated in vivo using high-frequency ultrasound analysis techniques to assess tumour response. The anti-cancer treatments consisted of radiotherapy and also a novel anti-vascular therapy u
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19

Hung, Wan-Yu, and 洪宛榆. "Identification of Genome-wide DNA Methylation Alterations in Colorectal Tumors and Its Application in Early Detection of Cell-free DNA of Plasma." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9n6db3.

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