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Journal articles on the topic 'Early works to 1700'
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1
Springborg, Patricia. "Mary Astell (1666–1731), Critic of Locke." American Political Science Review 89, no. 3 (September 1995): 621–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2082978.
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In the now considerable literature reevaluating the reception of Locke's Two Treatises, no mention has been made of perhaps his first systematic critic, the commissioned Tory political pamphleteer, Mary Astell. Contemporaneous with Charles Leslie, who is usually credited with the honor, Astell had diagnosed Locke's political argument by 1705 and perhaps as early as 1700. Why has her contribution remained unacknowledged for so long? It is argued here that for too long commentators have been looking for the wrong person in the wrong place. Astell correctly saw that Locke's political philosophy was inextricable from his psychological and theological systems, addressing all three in works that were political, theological and homiletic. But why Locke, and why in 1700–1705? Did Astell already know the authorship of the Two Treatises, only officially established in 1704 with the publication of the codicil to Locke's will?
2
Howard, Alan. "John Eccles’s Collection of Songs (1704) and John Walsh’s Publishing Model in the Early Eighteenth Century." Journal of Musicology 40, no. 3 (2023): 370–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2023.40.3.370.
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Reviewing Eric Harbeson’s edition of John Eccles’s Judgment of Paris (1702)—part of the ongoing Works of John Eccles published by A-R Editions—Bryan White recently called for a careful appraisal of the composer’s anthology A Collection of Songs for One Two and Three Voices (1704) in order to understand better its relationship with other sources. This article takes up White’s challenge through close analysis of the 1704 Songs, focusing on the songs Walsh had published prior to Eccles’s collection. It is this aspect that makes the Songs fundamentally different from Purcell’s Orpheus Britannicus (1698) and Blow’s Amphion Anglicus (1700), both of which were typeset ex nihilo. By contrast, about one-third of the 1704 Songs not only had been previously published by Walsh but were also reprinted from the very same plates, although with frequent corrections, compositional revisions, and standardized peritextual materials (page numbering, titles and attributions, etc.). As such, the Songs offers a unique window into the editorial process in the latter stages of its preparation. After detailing the publication history of the Songs, I show that Eccles must have taken a proactive role in preparing the publication, and I examine the evidence for his musical input. The conclusions drawn from this analysis have broader implications for Walsh’s working methods, in particular the relationship between his separate songsheets of ca. 1700 and the composite publications that increasingly dominated his catalog in the first two decades of the new century.
3
Barr, Allan H. "Marriage and Mourning in Early-Qing Tributes to Wives." Nan Nü 15, no. 1 (2013): 137–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685268-0007a0007.
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This paper examines a range of texts from the early Qing period in which husbands pay tribute to their wives, looking closely at three contrasting pairs of cases: works written by An Zhiyuan (1628-1701) and Pu Songling (1640-1715), who enjoyed long and happy marriages, by Chen Gongyin (1631-1700) and Xu Fang (1619-71), associated with the Ming loyalist cause, and by Chen Weisong (1626-82) and Chen Que (1604-77), stricken by guilt over their wives’ untimely deaths. Particular areas of attention include the relationship between an author’s choice of literary form and the effect achieved, and the implications of these texts for an understanding of gender relations in seventeenth-century China.
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HEAD, RANDOLPH C. "DOCUMENTS, ARCHIVES, AND PROOF AROUND 1700." Historical Journal 56, no. 4 (October 30, 2013): 909–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x12000477.
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ABSTRACTJean Mabillon'sDe re diplomatica, whose importance for diplomatics and the philosophy of history is well recognized, also contributed to the seventeenth-century European debate over the relationship among documents, archives, and historical or juridical proof. This article juxtaposes early works on diplomatics by Mabillon, Daniel Papebroche, and Barthélémy Germon against Germanius archivitheorists including Rutger Ruland and Ahasver Fritsch to reveal two incommensurate approaches that emerged around 1700 for assessing the authority of written records. Diplomatics concentrated on comparing the material and textual features of individual documents to authentic specimens in order to separate the genuine from the spurious, whereas theius archiviemphasized thepublica fides(public faith) that documents derived from their placement in an authentic sovereign's archive. Diplomatics' emergence as a separate auxiliary science of history encouraged the erasure of archivality from the primary conditions of documentary assessment for historians, however, while theius archivi's privileging of institutional over material criteria for authority foreshadowed European state practice and the evolution of archivistics into the twentieth century. This article investigates these competing discourses of evidence and their implications from the perspective of early modern archival practices.
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van Vliet, Rietje. "‘Wer Socinianische Bücher sucht, findet sie bey ihm am ehesten’." Quaerendo 49, no. 2 (August 7, 2019): 135–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700690-12341434.
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Abstract The microhistory of the Amsterdam-based Sebastiaan Petzold († 1704) demonstrates that in the Early Modern Period booksellers without a network were hardly able to manage professionally in the Republic of Letters. Petzold relied especially on patronage from Socinianist circles. The Socinian theologian Samuel Crellius (1660-1747) saw to it that Petzold was able to publish three highly controversial Socinian works, including the notorious Platonisme devoilé (1700). Petzold was also introduced to some prominent English booksellers thanks to Crell, which provided him with access to the international market. Another patron was the Berlin court preacher Daniel Ernst Jablonski (1660-1741), who recommended Petzold to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. In Amsterdam the literary society ‘In Magnis Voluisse Sat Est’ commissioned Petzold to publish the complete works of Lucretius, an Epicurean work which was a favourite in anti-clerical circles. In spite of this support, in the end Petzold was besieged by creditors, instead of authors thronging at his door.
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Karant-Nunn, Susan C. "Alas, a Lack: Trends in the Historiography of Pre-University Education in Early Modern Germany." Renaissance Quarterly 43, no. 4 (1990): 788–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2862791.
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Three major themes either have or ought to have affected the recent study of pre-university education in Germany between about 1400 and 1700. These are the Reformation and schooling; the so-called "new history" of education; and the current wave of research on literacy in Renaissance, Reformation, and Counter- Reformation Europe. The works cited should be considered illustrative of investigation carried out and issues debated during approximately the last twenty years.
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Rabinovich, Yakov N. "Formation of a research base on the Saratov voivodes of 1590–1700." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 24, no. 2 (June 21, 2024): 234–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2024-24-2-234-246.
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The article deals with the question of how the accumulation of information about the leaders of Saratov, who served here since the founding of the city and up to the beginning of the XVIIIcentury. It isshown how this process isconnected with the publication of various documentary sources during the XIX – early XX centuries, with the publication of genealogical collections and biographical dictionaries, as well as with thecreation of the Saratov Academic Archival Commission. The names of the researchers who dealt with this issue are given. It is noted that quite often a long period oftime passes betweenthe publication ofsources or biographical dictionaries,whichcontain information about the voivodes of Saratov, and the use of these works by regional researchers.
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Lotz-Heumann, Ute, and Matthias Pohlig. "Confessionalization and Literature in the Empire, 1555–1700." Central European History 40, no. 1 (February 27, 2007): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938907000271.
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This article has a twofold aim: first, to explain the concept of confessionalization that has been developed in recent decades in German historiography as an interpretive tool for the period and to review the main lines of its critique, which raise important questions for the discussion of “confessionalization and literature”; and second, to explore the connections between confessionalization and literature as well as the applicability of the concept of confessionalization to the history of literature, a little-understood but increasingly important question for early modern cultural history. The understanding of the literature of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries is greatly enhanced by the cooperation between literary scholars and historians. First, the literature of the age of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation was not yet an autonomous entity in society and therefore requires historical contextualization, particularly with regard to its social origins. Second, Germanists have extended the definition of early modern literature to include all kinds of Gebrauchsliteratur (functional literature), which are often important sources for historians. “Literature” and “confessionalization,” however, are difficult terms representing very complex phenomena. “Literature” is understood here as encompassing all printed works of the period, of which this article can of course only explore a sample; “confessionalization” denotes an interpretive concept, which has been criticized and modified in recent research. Given the exploratory purpose of this discussion, a good many questions will be raised for which we have no clear answers at the present time; we hope above all to further the exchange of ideas between literary scholars and historians working on the confessional age.
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Ferreiro, Larrie David. "The Aristotelian Heritage in Early Naval Architecture. From the Venice Arsenal to the French Navy, 1500-1700." THEORIA 25, no. 2 (June 16, 2010): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/theoria.617.
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This paper examines the Aristotelian roots of the mechanics of naval architecture, beginning with Mechanical Problems, through its various interpretations by Renaissance mathematicians including Vettor Fausto and Galileo at the Venice Arsenal, and culminating in the first synthetic works of naval architecture by the French navy professor Paul Hoste at the end of the seventeenth century.
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Abdul Malik, Mohd Puaad, Faisal @. Ahmad Faisal Abdul Hamid, and Rahimin Affandi Abdul Rahim. "Analyse Malay Fiqh Works Writing 1600-1800." Al-Muqaddimah: Online journal of Islamic History and Civilization 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/muqaddimah.vol6no2.6.
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In essence, this article will focus on the subject classical Malay fiqh works 1600-1800. Classical Malay fiqh works are Malay intellectual works produced by Malay Muslim scholars in various topics of Islamic law including worship (ibadah), commercial transaction law (muamalah), family law (munakahat) and others. This fiqh Malay work played an important role in Malay society at the beginning of Islamic development in the Malay world. It is a means of communication, scientific knowledge or developmental science. The premise of this article analyzes the writing of fiqh works that developed in the early days of the great intellectual nature of the Malay world. There are features of fiqh writing in the year 1600 and it is different from the features of fiqh writing in 1700 and 1800. The discussion of this writing includes the difference between the writing text and the style of writing fiqh and being reviewed from various scopes, items and writing features. The method of analysis used is the method of historiography or historicalism which examines the development of an idea. Facts obtained will be thoroughly screened using the Malay induction history approach. Research shows that the earliest classic Malay fiqh writing has its own identity and superiority and is a Malay intellectual work.
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Roth, Kersten Sven. "Wissenschaftsrhetorik: Johann Christoph GottschedsAusführliche Redekunst(1759) als Lehre vom Wissenstransfer." Historiographia Linguistica International Journal for the History of the Language Sciences 31, no. 2-3 (2004): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.31.2-3.06rot.
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This paper assumes that the key to the understanding of the works of the early Enlightenment philosopher Johann Christoph Gottsched (1700–1766) does not lie in his poetological works, which were preferably read and criticized by his contemporaries, but rather, besides his grammatological works, in his writings on oratory, in particular in theAusführliche Redekunstof 1759. This paper interprets these works as an attempt to save the art of rhetoric which was on the verge of extinction and to bring it forth into the ‘Critical Age’ (‘kritisches Zeitalter’), and, furthermore, to establish a concept of rational scientific oratory which would stand in strict contrast to the ancient topica on the one hand and to the contemporary courtly ‘Complimentierkunst’ on the other. Therefore, the main point of focus becomes the paradox of a claim for truth and effectiveness, problematized by the timeless quandary of knowledge transfer. Accordingly, the paper attempts to demonstrate this problem’s actuality and thus the value of Gottsched’s concepts of rhetoric for the modern production of (rather popular) scientific texts.
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Rose, Stephen. "PROTECTED PUBLICATIONS: THE IMPERIAL AND SAXON PRIVILEGES FOR PRINTED MUSIC, 1550–1700." Early Music History 37 (October 2018): 247–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127918000013.
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In the decades around 1600 many privileges for printed music were issued by the Holy Roman Emperor and the Elector of Saxony. Such privileges gave a bookseller or author an exclusive right to publish specified works for a limited period (usually ten years). The privileges threatened confiscation of any unauthorised copies, and fines for anyone caught printing or selling them. This article offers the first systematic study of archival material documenting the privileges for music, as preserved in the Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, Vienna, and the Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv, Dresden. It reconstructs the ritualistic procedure for obtaining a privilege, analyses how composers justified their applications for privileges, and asks whether privileges gave effective protection against unauthorised editions. Revising previous interpretations of the privilege system as an early form of copyright, I instead argue that privileges enhanced the commercial and symbolic value of printed music.
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Zook, Melinda. "Early Whig Ideology, Ancient Constitutionalism, and the Reverend Samuel Johnson." Journal of British Studies 32, no. 2 (April 1993): 139–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386026.
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In 1833, Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote, “I do not know where I could put my hand upon a book containing so much sense with sound constitutional doctrine as this thin folio of Johnson's works.” The “Johnson” to whom Coleridge referred was not the celebrated Doctor Samuel Johnson of the eighteenth century but instead the late seventeenth-century Whig clergyman, the Reverend Samuel Johnson. Reverend Johnson's single volume of complete works impressed Coleridge; he scribbled laudatory remarks throughout the margins of a 1710 edition. Coleridge admired the directness of Johnson's style and his persuasive method of argumentation. Johnson would have appreciated Coleridge's comments. They reflected the way he himself understood his work—as sound constitutional doctrine, plainly put.Yet for all its clarity and consistency, Johnson's political thinking was not always appreciated by England's political elite of the 1680s and 1690s. The implications of Johnson's political ideas—much like those of his contemporary John Locke—were understood as far too revolutionary and destabilizing. However, Johnson's fiery prose and sardonic wit often proved useful to the political opposition: from the Whig exclusionists of the early 1680s, to the supporters of William and Mary in 1688/89, to the radical Whigs and country Tories of the 1690s and early eighteenth century.Johnson's career as a Whig propagandist spanned 1679 to 1700. Among his contemporaries, he was undoubtedly most renowned for his strident anti-Catholicism and for the brutal punishments that he endured for his radical politics.
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Coster, William. "Purity, Profanity, and Puritanism: the Churching of Women, 1500-1700." Studies in Church History 27 (1990): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400012183.
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In the past the ceremony of churching was the only means by which, after childbirth, a woman could return to the community of the Church, and indeed to society in general. It is a subject that has received very scant scholarly attention, in spite of the existence of a considerable body of source material concerned with the ceremony, as well as with the ideas and circumstances surrounding it. This material includes the works and debates of theologians and reformers, the survivals of the Church administration, its courts and visitations, biographical material, particularly diaries, and, finally and more unusually, parish registers that record the dates on which churchings occurred. This neglect is all the more surprising in an era that has seen so much emphasis placed on investigations into the historical circumstances of women. This paper will attempt to rectify this situation by utilizing these and the focus point of this ceremony in order to determine the interconnection of religious ideas, with those about sex, motherhood, and women in the early modern period. The theological origins of churching lie ultimately in Leviticus 12, but more directly through the story of the purification of the Virgin in Luke 2. These biblical precedents led to the adoption of such ceremonies into western liturgy around the eleventh century. However, the fact that similar beliefs and rites seem almost universal, perhaps suggests that the introduction of this rite was a response to popular feelings, rather than the imposition of a new ceremony on an increasingly Christianized society. Equally it would seem that the survival of churching through the theological upheavals of the sixteenth century indicates that there continued to be, as Keith Thomas has suggested, within early modern English society, a widespread belief that a woman who had given birth was both unclean and unholy.
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Busse, Ulrich. "German Loans in Early English." Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, no. 32/4 (October 2023): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.32.4.02.
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The paper outlines the contribution of German to the word stock of English in the three periods of Old English, Middle English, and Early Modern English, or, in other words, from the early Middle Ages up to 1700, and relates these words to major cultural events, such as the Christianisation of England, the Norman Invasion, the Reformation and to the beginnings of science and technology during the Renaissance. Methodologically, the term German will be used in the sense of High German and its antecedents rather than Low German or Low Dutch. As a consequence of this approach, the impact of German on the English language during these periods is rather small in terms of numbers, but interesting and varied as far as domains of borrowing, transmission routes of words, linguistic strategies (i.e. importation v. substitution), and mode of transmission (i.e. written v. spoken) are concerned.
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Allmon, Warren D. "The evolution of accuracy in natural history illustration: reversal of printed illustrations of snails and crabs in pre-Linnaean works suggests indifference to morphological detail." Archives of Natural History 34, no. 1 (April 2007): 174–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2007.34.1.174.
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Most natural history illustrations published prior to about 1700 were engraved as drawn and then printed backwards. This is noticeable, however, only for some groups of organisms, such as snails and some crabs, that are not bilaterally symmetrical. The most likely hypothesis for this is that most pre-eighteenth-century engravers, artists, and authors were indifferent to whether such illustrations were presented backwards or forwards. Illustrations of snail shells were not universally printed rightway- forward until the early to mid-eighteenth century, when standards of accuracy in natural history illustration improved as a result of the combined effects of a number of changes in scientific practice, including increasing collecting, publishing, and encyclopedism.
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Williams, Richard David. "Dreams, songs and letters: Sectarian networks and musical archives in eighteenth-century North India." Indian Economic & Social History Review 57, no. 4 (October 2020): 583–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464620948723.
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Early modern poets conventionally began their compositions by praising and invoking the blessings of their higher authorities, be they their gods, gurus or courtly patrons. In the eighteenth century, North Indian society was particularly unstable, and the relationships between these different power brokers proved volatile. This article considers how intellectuals attached to religious households navigated the challenges of the period, particularly invading armies, religious reforms and forced migration. I examine the works of Vrindavandas (c. 1700–87), a Brajbhasha poet and lay devotee of the Radhavallabh Sampraday, and provide contextualised readings of two of his poems, concerned with recent history and the contemporary political climate. Vrindavandas was not a scribe or chronicler in a conventional sense; however, closer examination of his works reveals the porous boundaries between scribes-cum-recorders and other kinds of intellectuals. Here, I consider how Vrindavandas’ literary activity included copying archival sources, recording recent history, documenting dreams and emotions, and folding different senses of temporality into a single work. This article asks how far his poetic works gesture to a distinctively eighteenth-century mode of literary expression and reflexivity, and how performing these poetic archives through reading, singing, and musical accompaniment provided the sect with tools to navigate a turbulent political landscape.
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BURKE, PETER. "Lost (and Found) in Translation: A Cultural History of Translators and Translating in Early Modern Europe." European Review 15, no. 1 (January 9, 2007): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798707000087.
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Attempting to combine cultural history with translation studies, this article examines translation between languages as a special case of a more general phenomenon, translation between cultures. It surveys printed translations made in Europe between 1500 and 1700, discussing which kinds of people translated which kinds of book from and into which languages. Particular attention is given to the reconstruction of the early modern ‘regime’ of translation, in other words the manner (free or literal, domesticating or ‘foreignizing’) in which translations were made.
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Donkin, Lucy. "‘MONS MANUFACTUS’: ROME'S MAN-MADE MOUNTAINS BETWEEN HISTORY AND NATURAL HISTORY (c. 1100–1700)." Papers of the British School at Rome 85 (May 22, 2017): 171–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246217000022.
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Rome's man-made mounds occupy a position between built antiquities and natural features. In the Middle Ages and early modern period, particular attention was paid to Monte Testaccio, the Mausoleum of Augustus, and the related ‘mons omnis terra’. Debate focused on the origins and composition of the mounds, thought to contain either earth brought to Rome as symbolic tribute, pottery used to hold monetary tribute, or pottery produced locally. Developing over time in different genres of writing on the city, these interpretations were also employed in works on historical, religious and geological themes. The importation of material, expressive of relations between Rome and the wider world in antiquity, was used to draw positive and negative comparisons with present-day rulers and the papacy, and to associate Rome with Babylon. The growth of the mounds and the presence of ceramics were invoked in discussions of the formation of mountains and montane fossils. If the mounds' ambiguities facilitated their incorporation into other debates, the terms in which they are discussed reflect ongoing engagement with literature on the city. The reception of these monuments thus offers a distinctive perspective on the significance of Rome to connections between spheres of knowledge in this period.
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Chukhlib, Taras. "USE OF THE NAME "UKRAINE" IN THE OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE OF THE HETMAN I. MAZEPA AND HIS RESPONDENTS (1700–1709)." Chornomors’ka Mynuvshyna, no. 18 (December 28, 2023): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2519-2523.2023.18.292452.
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The purpose of the article is to highlight the use of the name "Ukraine" in the official epistolary of Hetman Ivan Mazepa in the context of his relations with the governments of the Moscow Kingdom, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Kingdom of Sweden, as well as in the context of internal political relations in the Zaporozhian Army. Methodological approaches consist in the study of these historical problems through the prism of conceptual history and are revealed by the author of the article using the diachronic semantic method in the direction of historical and linguistic analysis of lexemes with the words "Ukraine" and "Ukrainian" used in written discourse during 1700 – 1709. Scientific novelty. It is proved that, given the events of the Great Northern War of 1700 – 1721, the government of the Zaporozhian Army not only took an active part in it, but also conducted extensive correspondence with the warring parties. In this interesting diplomatic communication between Baturyn, Warsaw, Moscow, and Stockholm, the name "Ukraine" was repeatedly used. The conclusions of historians on the study of the texts of international and domestic political epistolaries of Hetman I. Mazepa are supplemented. Conclusions. It has been determined that in the texts of treaties and diplomacy of the Hetman's government with its foreign policy allies and enemies during the studied historical period, the polytonym "Ukraine" was repeatedly used as a synonymous conceptual name of the state of the Zaporozhian Army. This polytonym was used by the Hetman's government in the correspondence of the Zaporozhian Army with the Polish-Lithuanian Common-wealth, the Muscovy, and the Kingdom of Sweden to mark the territory that was under the rule of Hetman I. Mazepa during the second half of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, and before that, his predecessors in the hetman's office. At the same time, in the royal chancelleries of Warsaw, Moscow and Stockholm, diplomatic acts used official conceptual phrases with the words "Ukraine" and "Ukrainian" agreed with the Hetman's government of the Zaporozhian Army, such as: "Ukrainian fortresses", "Ukrainian borders", "Ukrainian liberty", "defend Ukraine", "whole Ukraine", "present-day Ukraine", etc. Other semantic constructions that appeared with the words "Ukraine" and "Ukrainian" in the official discourse of Eastern and Northern Europe in 1700-1709 are also studied.
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Richter, Virginia. "The Early Modern Englishwoman: A Facsimile Library of Essential Works. Series II. Printed Writings, 1641–1700: Part 3, vol. 12 by Delarivier Manley." Scriblerian and the Kit-Cats 40, no. 1-2 (2007): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scb.2007.0041.
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Prinke, Rafał T., and Mike A. Zuber. "“Learn to Restrain Your Mouth”: Alchemical Rumours and their Historiographical Afterlives." Early Science and Medicine 25, no. 5 (November 25, 2020): 413–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-00255p01.
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Abstract From around 1700 onwards, a number of sensationalist claims regarding adepts of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries began to appear in alchemical literature. They eventually made their way into standard works of historiography and continue to be repeated as factual. Yet the source for these rumours, a poem attributed to Martinus de Delle, supposedly a chamberlain of Emperor Rudolf II, has largely escaped scrutiny. The only surviving manuscript version currently known is here edited and translated in full for the first time. In the introductory essay, we call into question the existence of De Delle. Through scrutiny of the portrayals of alchemists within the poem, we propose that the author may have been an assayer in Prague. We then draw attention to the roles and effects of rumours within both the history and historiography of alchemy and argue for the importance of taking alchemical gossip seriously.
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King, Helen. "The Early Modern Englishwoman: A Facsimile Library of Essential Works. Series II: Printed Writings, 1641–1700: Part 3, vol. 5: Elizabeth Cellier, by Elizabeth Cellier." Scriblerian and the Kit-Cats 40, no. 1-2 (2007): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scb.2007.0061.
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Fuertes, OFM, Cayetano Sánchez. "Impresos Franciscanos Hispano-Filipinos 1593-1699 (Part I)." Philippiniana Sacra 50, no. 150 (2015): 295–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.55997/ps2005l150a4.
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The present work, in two instalments, seeks to address the dearth of writing on the Franciscan contribution to printing in the Philippines. Using archival and rare primary sources, the article traces the involvement of the Franciscans in the preparation and publication of works such as catechisms, grammars, dictionaries, and sermons needed in their apostolic work in the Tagalog and Bicol regions. The Franciscans only acquired their own printing press in the 1690s; it seems to have been first based in Longos and then in Tayabas (where 2 books were printed in 1702-1703) before eventually being housed in Sampaloc, where it ceased activity in the early 19th century. Works printed from 1593 to 1699 are catalogued, including those of which no copy can be found but whose existence has been traced through other sources. In most cases, the entry for each work carries the author, title, year and place of publication, bibliographic citations, and a description of its contents and historico-cultural context.
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Zhukova, Anastasia, and Svetlana Zaitseva. "G.M. Sprengtporten (1740–1819) in Russian historiography." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, no. 5-2 (May 1, 2021): 262–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202105statyi58.
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The article is devoted to the study of G.M. Sprengtporten’s (1740-1819) personality and activities by Russian historians. The authors analyze the works of the prerevolutionary, Soviet and modern periods, highlight the most significant studies devoted to G.M. Sprengtporten, the history of Finland and Russian-Swedish relations, as well as other events of the late 18 - early 19 centuries, in which the hero of the article was involved. The characteristics of the controversial moments encountered in historical works, which relate to the political and state activities of G.M. Sprengtporten, are given.
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Nevalainen, Terttu. "From speaker innovation to lexical change." Pragmatics and Cognition 25, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 8–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.18008.nev.
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Abstract Applying a sociolinguistic approach to the study of neologisms, this paper discusses the actuation and diffusion of new words in Early Modern English (EModE; 1500–1700) and draws some parallels with word coining in the comparable but more recent period of Early Modern Finnish (EModF; 1810–1880). The success of this exercise ultimately depends on the data and tools available for ascertaining the status of neologisms in a broader synchronic and diachronic context. The use of historical dictionaries and digital databases shows that many words that were earlier considered particular innovations in EModE are now up for re-evaluation. Determining their actual moments of coinage and entry into the language may be beyond historical lexicology and lexicography, but the new tools make it possible to better monitor their provenance and process of diffusion over time.
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Martín, Javier Calle. "“When That Wounds Are Evil Healed”: Revisiting Pleonastic That in Early English Medical Writing." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 52, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2017-0001.
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Abstract The origin of pleonastic that can be traced back to Old English, where it could appear in syntactic constructions consisting of a preposition + a demonstrative pronoun (i.e., for py pat, for pæm pe) or a subordinator (i.e., op pat). The diffusion of this pleonastic form is an Early Middle English development as a result of the standardization of that as the general subordinator in the period, which motivated its use as a pleonastic word in combination with many kinds of conjunctions (i.e., now that, if that, when that, etc.) and prepositions (i.e., before that, save that, in that) (Fischer 1992: 295). The phenomenon increased considerably in Late Middle English, declining rapidly in the 17th century to such an extent that it became virtually obliterated towards the end of that same century (Rissanen 1999: 303-304). The list of subordinating elements includes relativizers (i.e., this that), adverbial relatives (i.e., there that), and a number of subordinators (i.e., after, as, because, before, beside, for, if, since, sith, though, until, when, while, etc.). The present paper examines the status of pleonastic that in the history of English pursuing the following objectives: (a) to analyse its use and distribution in a corpus of early English medical writing (in the period 1375-1700); (b) to classify the construction in terms of genre, i.e., treatises and recipes; and (c) to assess its decline with the different conjunctive words. The data used as source of evidence come from The Corpus of Early English Medical Writing, i.e., Middle English Medical Texts (MEMT for the period 1375-1500) and Early Modern English Medical Texts (EMEMT for the period 1500-1700). The use of pleonastic that in medical writing allows us to reconsider the history of the construction in English, becoming in itself a Late Middle English phenomenon with its progressive decline throughout the 16th and 17th centuries.
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Withington, Phil. "THE SEMANTICS OF ‘PEACE’ IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 23 (November 19, 2013): 127–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440113000066.
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ABSTRACTThis paper begins to consider the meanings of a word that was ubiquitous in early modern culture, but which has been surprisingly neglected by historians. Focusing on printed sources and taking advantage of recent advances in digital technology, it outlines the changing uses of ‘peace’ between 1500 and 1700 and its predominant meanings at particular moments in time. The paper suggests that while these meanings were clearly derived from Christian and civic republican sources, the political conflicts of the seventeenth century saw the term politicised, appropriated and popularised in new and unexpected ways. It also argues that the semantic confusion which often attended ‘peace’ – most evident, perhaps, in its capacity to legitimise and sanction violence after 1640 – stemmed from its simultaneous role as a descriptor of society and self, and of spiritual and civil life. As a result, who should define, police and enforce peace became deeply contested issues of the course of the period. In tracing the semantics of the term in this way, the article serves as a contribution to the burgeoning historical literature on the paradigmatic vocabularies of the early modern era. It also illuminates the complicated relationship between words and concepts and the importance of both in motivating and legitimising social and political action.
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Svobodová, Milada. "Příspěvek k dějinám někdejší knihovny Ignáce Karla hraběte ze Šternberka († 1700). Pokus o rekonstrukci signaturového oddělení B na základě nově nalezeného katalogu." Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum 67, no. 1-2 (2022): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/amnpsc.2022.006.
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One of the most extensive and interesting aristocratic libraries in early Baroque Bohemia was built by Count Ignác Karel of Šternberk (Ignaz Karl von Sternberg) in his family seat at Zelená Hora Castle near Nepomuk in the last third of the 17th century. A large part of the defunct Zelená Hora library later somehow found its way to the National Library of the Czech Republic in Prague, where it now forms the largest extant collection of aristocratic libraries. This study deals with a recently discovered volume from the fragmentarily preserved series of library catalogues of the count’s library. The 1684 catalogue covers the shelf mark B ‘Ex Classe Scripturistarum’, which contained an impressive collection of literature necessary for reading and studying the Bible. The vast majority of the books date from the 17th century and were published abroad, mostly in Paris, Lyon and Antwerp. The study presents an edition of the catalogue and attempts to identify extant copies. Out of the total of 149 shelf marks, it has been possible to find 18 books, including three binder’s volumes, which means 22 books printed abroad in 1605–1684. It is worth mentioning the presence of Jansenist and anti-Jansenist works in the count’s library.
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Russo, Francesco. "The Printed Illustration of Medieval Architecture in Pre-Enlightenment Europe." Architectural History 54 (2011): 119–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00004020.
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The aim of this article is to bring to the attention of readers a series of significant examples of texts printed prior to 1700 and illustrated with images of medieval architecture in continental Europe. British illustrations of buildings and ruins from the Middle Ages have received relevant attention from modern scholarly writers, but studies of analogous continental examples are lacking. Illustrations of medieval architecture have been little considered in most studies of the Early Modern period, as compared with those of their sixteenth-to eighteenth-century counterparts. In addition, the few studies that do exist of the interest in medieval buildings and illustration of them, prior to the ‘age of mechanical reproduction’, have generally been restricted to monographs on individual antiquarians or else have focused on Enlightenment, Romantic and Positivist criticism, and have tended to concentrate on medieval revivalism. Furthermore, with the exception of a few studies on the perception of the Romanesque, the most frequently investigated category has been the Gothic. Hence, despite the existence of some crucial works, the perspectives adopted in research into Early Modern attitudes to medieval architecture have inevitably been limited. We still lack any comprehensive overview of the architecture of the Middle Ages as a whole (that is, including the Late Antique / Early Christian era), or any studies showing genuine interest in the late Renaissance and Baroque roots of subsequent antiquarian medievalism. This article, therefore, attempts to begin to fill such a lacuna by studying the architectural aspect of those pre-Enlightenment illustrations of medieval antiquities that appeared in continental Europe, and by considering scholars’ awareness of the entire medieval millennium.
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Luzzini, Francesco. "Multa curiosa Vallisneri's Early Studies on Earth Sciences." Nuncius 26, no. 2 (2011): 334–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539111x596658.
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AbstractIn 1687, after he graduated in Medicine, young Antonio Vallisneri (1661-1730) returned in the Duchy of Modena and Reggio. In those years he mainly served as general practitioner; nevertheless, he also devoted many studies to various aspects of the natural sciences. He performed many observations, accurately reporting them in seven Quaderni, which were compiled between 1694 and 1701.Though the Earth sciences occupy only a small part of these diaries, the accuracy of the notes makes them a precious token of the scientific praxis adopted by the author in this field of study. This paper deals with the analysis of these early geological reports, pointing out the main criteria of Vallisneri's experimental method and paying attention to the great significance which these documents had in the elaboration of some of his published works.
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Vostrikova, Ekaterina. "The hwajohwa Genre (Bird-and-flower Painting) in Korean Traditional Painting of the Early and Middle Chosŏn Periods (Late 14th – Late 17th Centuries)." Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 17, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2021-17-2-61-78.
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The article is devoted to the hwajohwa artistic genre (bird-and-flower painting) of the early and middle Chosŏn periods (late 14th – late 17th centuries). The study identifies the historical and cultural context, the stylistic evolution of the bird-and-flower painting and the main terms for its designation. It presents individual artistic trends, examines the techniques used in Korean traditional painting. Moreover, the author outlines the leading artists who worked in this genre during the indicated period. In the early Chosŏn period (1392 – c. 1550), the hwajohwa genre gained particular relevance in traditional Korean painting, and a high artistic level was achieved in it. Vivid painting in the bird-and-flower genre, made in the academic style of court painting, became the most common and indicative of this historical period. In the process of the formation and strengthening of the positions of the new Yi dynasty, the ruling circles commissioned social paintings. Therefore, the works are characterised by an optimistic mood; the compositions are full of idyll and harmony with the world around them. Artist Yi Am, who laid the foundations for the development of the hwajohwa genre in Korea, was the most prominent representative of this movement. At the same time, scholar painters began to create small landscapes with birds, made only with water and ink. Confucian scholar Kim Jŏng is rightfully considered the founder of this scenic movement. The Middle Joseon period (c. 1550–1700) was characterised by the flourishing of the hwajohwa genre in the technique of monochrome ink painting. Many intellectual artists from the upper strata of Korean society emerged, for whom the bird-and-flower genre became a means of expressing deep personal relationships with nature and the world around them. Korea of the second half of the 16th–17th centuries suffered from numerous foreign invasions; thus, lonely and weary birds, sleeping or resting on the branches of trees, became the main and most popular motif in the hwajohwa genre. Such painting was a direct reflection of the feelings of the educated stratum of Korean society about the fate of their homeland. Paintings by scholar painter Cho Sok and court painter Yi Jin were the most popular works of the bird-and-flower genre of this period.
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Kirilov, D. A. "REPRESENTATION OF LORD LIEUTENANTS AND LORD JUSTICES OF IRELAND IN IRISH ODES AND POEMS, 1701–1714." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 2(53) (2021): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2021-2-148-159.
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In the late 17th and early 18th century, Ireland experienced a constitutional struggle in parliament, as well as the gradual development of a party system along the English partisan lines. Reflection of those events in the public sphere (primarily in the works of Molyneux and Swift) remains a popular research topic for Irish historians. This article attempts to look at the development of the Irish political system by examining poetic works in support of the chief governors of Ireland: lord lieutenants and lord justices of 1701–1714. Irish poems dedicated to governors were usually similar to English odes, which in turn were influenced by Abraham Cowley’s Pindarics. Irish odes to lord lieutenants of 1701–1711 had significant genre similarities, and most of them were also similar in general means of representing the chief governor. It was of utmost importance for the authors to show the brilliant ancestry of the ode’s hero; perhaps even more important for them was to show the similarity between the viceroy and the monarch, since the former was supposed to represent the latter. There were, however, significant differences between the odes, which were attributed to the shifting context of Irish politics. The odes of 1707 and 1711 are much more embedded in politics than the odes of 1701 and 1703: since at least 1707, the authors were more likely to include lord lieutenants in the context of Irish and British partisanship, while simultaneously emphasizing the loyalty of recipients to Queen Anne in her struggle against parties. The zenith of partisanship in Ireland coincides with the appearance of short poems with some features of an ode in 1710, which closely associate the figure of the lord lieutenant or lord justice with the Whigs or Tories.
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Brunori, Andrea, Roberto Vagnozzi, and Renato Giuffrè. "Antonio Pacchioni (1665–1726): early studies of the dura mater." Journal of Neurosurgery 78, no. 3 (March 1993): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1993.78.3.0515.
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✓ The clustering of arachnoid villi along the sagittal sinus forms what is known as “Pacchioni granulations.” These structures were first described in 1705 by Antonio Pacchioni, an Italian scientist. Pacchioni was born in Reggio Emilia, Italy, in 1665, and there he received his degree in medicine. Later he moved to Rome where he built a successful career dedicated to medical practice, research, and teaching. He became a friend of some of the leading scientists of his age: Lancisi, Malpighi, and Morgagni, among others. He devoted himself to elucidating the structure and function of dura mater, and in his studies often used the new technique of maceration of anatomical specimens in various fluids. Among Pacchioni's written works, the Dissertatio Epistolaris de Glandulis Conglobatis Durae Meningis Humanae (1705) deserves the greatest consideration as it contains the first description of arachnoid granulations. He compared dura to cardiac muscle and attributed to its “glandulae” (glands) the faculty of secreting lymph for lubrication of the sliding movements between meninges and brain during contractions. Three centuries after Pacchioni's death in Rome in 1726, the fine structure of arachnoid villi has not been fully elucidated; moreover, many questions related to mechanisms underlying cerebrospinal fluid absorption remain unanswered.
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Kamalakannan, Sreenivas Muthukumaraswamy, Sravan Ashwin Anandamurali, and Arunachalam Parthasarathy. "Investigation on Performance of Heritage Masonry Structures." Brazilian Journal of Development 10, no. 1 (January 12, 2024): 919–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv10n1-060.
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A structural assessment study on the “Humayun Palace” in Tamil Nadu, a cultural heritage structure, constructed in the early 1700’s was done. Based on the original design documentation collected through records, a static analysis model of the building was generated. This structure is a 3-storey building and details of all the provisions from the slab system to the roof tiles were made. The results developed by these models, aimed at fully understanding the original design concept of the various members, as well as at evaluating their current static and seismic safety conditions, are reported in this paper. This analysis was examined using E-TABS software, whose geometric limitations lead to minor encumbrances. Some complex geometric façade features were approximated to convenience and overcome. The results of the analyses highlight safe conditions and good performance objectives in general, but for some important exceptions. The overall satisfactory performance may be attributed to the overdesigning with excessive safety factors carried out by builders of that century, enabling the structure to withstand conditions way past its intended life. However, the question as to how well the structure will hold good in the future is hypothetical. It is for the same reason that the Public Works Department has allocated nearly 96 crore rupees for the rehabilitation of the same. This investigation is synchronous with the objectives of the said rehabilitation project and has established an exhaustive analysis of the structural health of the structure.
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Muthukumaraswamy Kamalakannan, Sreenivas, Sravan Ashwin Anandamurali, and Arunachalam Parthasarathy. "Investigation on Performance of Heritage Masonry Structures." MATEC Web of Conferences 384 (2023): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202338402005.
Full textAbstract:
A structural assessment study on the “Humayun Palace” in Tamil Nadu, a cultural heritage structure, constructed in the early 1700’s was done. Based on the original design documentation collected through records, a static analysis model of the building was generated. This structure is a 3-storey building and details of all the provisions from the slab system to the roof tiles were made. The results developed by these models, aimed at fully understanding the original design concept of the various members, as well as at evaluating their current static and seismic safety conditions, are reported in this paper. This analysis was examined using E-TABS software, whose geometric limitations lead to minor encumbrances. Some complex geometric façade features were approximated to convenience and overcome. The results of the analyses highlight safe conditions and good performance objectives in general, but for some important exceptions. The overall satisfactory performance may be attributed to the overdesigning with excessive safety factors carried out by builders of that century, enabling the structure to withstand conditions way past its intended life. However, the question as to how well the structure will hold good in the future is hypothetical. It is for the same reason that the Public Works Department has allocated nearly 96 crore rupees for the rehabilitation of the same. This investigation is synchronous with the objectives of the said rehabilitation project and has established an exhaustive analysis of the structural health of the structure.
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Moore, Terence. "JOHN LOCKE AND DAMARIS MASHAM, NÉE CUDWORTH: QUESTIONS OF INFLUENCE." Think 12, no. 34 (2013): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175613000092.
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Damaris Masham has been described as the first woman philosopher of her Age. Her best known works, published anonymously, were ‘A Discourse Concerning the Love of God’, 1696, and ‘Occasional Thoughts in Reference to a Vertuous or Christian Life’, 1705. To some scholars her ideas, radical for her time, are the ideas of an early feminist. Her correspondents besides Locke, included Leibniz. Damaris was 23 years old and Locke 49 when they first met in 1681.
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Cyr, Mary. "Ariane consolée par Bacchus and François Couperin’s early writing for the viol." Early Music 48, no. 3 (July 29, 2020): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/em/caaa037.
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Abstract Ariane consolée par Bacchus, newly discovered by Christophe Rousset and the only surviving cantata attributed to François Couperin, is scored for bass voice, obbligato bass viol and continuo. Because Couperin passionately engaged with Italian music, scholars have long assumed that he would have composed cantatas, but until now none had been known to survive. His choice of bass voice and viol, an unusual combination in the French cantata repertory, opens several avenues for investigation. A precursor to his choice of bass voice and viol can be found in his petits motets, some of which date from the 1690s, and the verset Deus virtutum convertere (1705). Although bass voice and solo viol do not yet appear together in a single work, Couperin’s writing betrays his interest in new Italian music and in composing for the viol. Some Italianate features that appear in the early sacred works can also be found in Ariane consolée par Bacchus.
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Kuzmenko, Nadiya. "HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE STUDY OF THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN CHERNIHIV REGION." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Pedagogy, no. 1 (13) (2021): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-3699.2021.13.08.
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The historiography of the development of higher education in Chernihiv region is considered, the pre-Soviet, Soviet and modern stages of this problem are determined; it was found that researchers of the genesis of higher education in Chernihiv region paid great attention to studying the date of establishment, financing and functioning of the Chernihiv Collegium; it was defined that the development of higher education in Chernihiv region was considered by researchers through the study of two components: the system of educational institutions and educational, philanthropic and pedagogical activities of prominent personalities of Chernihiv region. It was found that the Chernihiv Collegium (1700-1786) was the first institution of secondary education in the Left Bank of Ukraine, whose activities were of great importance for the formation and development of the domestic system of higher education. The question of the history of one of the Ukrainian Orthodox colleges was the subject of study by researchers of the XIX century P. Bogoslovsky, M. Dokuchaev, V. Lytynsky, O. Shafonsky. In the first half of the XIX century some information about the Chernihiv Collegium was contained in the works of V.Askochensky, D. BantyshKamensky, M. Bulgakov, M. Markov, M. Markevich. The introduction into scientific circulation of significant archival material on the history of the college began in the second half of the XIX century, the first articles by A. Starodomsky appeared. F. Gumilevsky's works contained factual material that revealed various aspects of the history of the college, educational and philanthropic activities of its founders. A selection of archival materials on the history of the college of researchers M. Blagoveshchensky P. Dobrovolsky S. Nikolsky was published in the local press in the late nineteenth – early XX century; scientific researches of the history of the educational process of Chernihiv region were intensified (O. Andriyashev, O. Vvedensky, P. Wojciechowski, M. Golik, F. Dmytrevsky, P. Dobrovolsky, M. Domontovych, M. Zhdanovych P. Korobka, O. Musin-Pushkin O. Rusov, S. Rusova, M. Sukhomlinov, M. Tutomlin, V. Khyzhnyakov, E. Shulga). Scientists of the Soviet period studied various aspects of the development of education in Chernihiv region in the context of the genesis of education in Ukraine (V. Borysenko M. Zavoloka J. Isayevach, B. Mityurov S. Siropolko Z. Khyzhnyak, N. Ship). The modern period of historiography of the study of the development of higher education in Chernihiv region is presented in the works of A. Borovik, N. Kuzmenko, O. Pronikov, O. Travkina.
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Mansikka, Tomas. "Did the Pietists become esotericists when they read the works of Jacob Boehme?" Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 20 (January 1, 2008): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67331.
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As is commonly known, Jacob Boehme (1575–1624) is, and has been ever since his emergence, difficult to place in the history of thought. He has, for instance, been characterized as ‘the most religious of philosophers’. As such Boehme could be seen to be on a borderline somewhere between philosophy and theology. From a reverse point of view, however, he could also be termed the most speculative of the religiously minded, as a deeply religious thinker or mystic. His influence is also shown in both fields; not only was he to play an important role within German philosophy during the Romantic era, but also, within the Pietist movement, or the movement for revival of piety within the Lutheran church. Focusing on the Pietist movement, initiated by Philipp Jakob Spener (1635–1705) in the late seventeenth century and its spread on Finnish ground, the author of this article shows that where Boehmian influence is traceable, it reached quite different environments depending on the movement’s leaders or followers. Also some light is shed on the controversy between Lutheran orthodoxy and Pietism in early eighteenth century Finland.
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Koscielniak, Karol. "Battle of Poznan of 19 August 1704 between the Saxon and Swedish Armies." Economics, Politics and Regional Development 1, no. 2 (August 20, 2020): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/eprd.v1n2p1.
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The battle of Pozna? between the Swedish army commanded by Johann August Meijerfelt and the Saxon army commanded by general Johann Matthias von der Schulenburg began at the dawn of 19 August 1704. The Saxon general had a major advantage in terms of army strength. He was therefore able to push back the Swedish army from the city, but did not capture the tower. The lack of broader researcher interest and the relatively high number of remaining source materials contributed to the tackling the subject. It is worth shedding light on all events that faded into the historical abyss and are forgotten, or worse, are enveloped by false myths. The Republic of Poland, which became an arena for direct military action in 1702-1709 during the Great Northern War, suffered much pain and destruction despite not officially participating in the war. It is perhaps this fact that makes the conflict and its effects difficult to find among valuable Polish historiography works that would objectively show its course and above all the art of war of the early XVIII century. This paper represents only a small droplet of what remains to be done in terms of describing each aspect of the Great Northern War.
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Willis, D. M., and F. R. Stephenson. "Simultaneous auroral observations described in the historical records of China, Japan and Korea from ancient times to AD 1700." Annales Geophysicae 18, no. 1 (January 31, 2000): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-0001-6.
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Abstract. Early auroral observations recorded in various oriental histories are examined in order to search for examples of strictly simultaneous and indisputably independent observations of the aurora borealis from spatially separated sites in East Asia. In the period up to ad 1700, only five examples have been found of two or more oriental auroral observations from separate sites on the same night. These occurred during the nights of ad 1101 January 31, ad 1138 October 6, ad 1363 July 30, ad 1582 March 8 and ad 1653 March 2. The independent historical evidence describing observations of mid-latitude auroral displays at more than one site in East Asia on the same night provides virtually incontrovertible proof that auroral displays actually occurred on these five special occasions. This conclusion is corroborated by the good level of agreement between the detailed auroral descriptions recorded in the different oriental histories, which furnish essentially compatible information on both the colour (or colours) of each auroral display and its approximate position in the sky. In addition, the occurrence of auroral displays in Europe within two days of auroral displays in East Asia, on two (possibly three) out of these five special occasions, suggests that a substantial number of the mid-latitude auroral displays recorded in the oriental histories are associated with intense geomagnetic storms.Key words. Magnetospheric physics (auroral phenomena; storms and substorms)
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Escudero Baztán, Juan Manuel. "El tema de la autoridad y el poder en las tragedias tempranas de Calderón." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 53, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 318–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.17006.esc.
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Abstract This paper deals with the model of Renaissance tragedy in Calderon’s first tragedies. In this model, the topic of the changing Fortune is essential in the configuration of the tragic structure of the play. Its use determines, in some of his early works, the possibility of establishing certain and recognizable patterns in the construction of the main characters, through the interaction of two fundamental principles of the public function, with different applications – and located between the limits of the political and moral qualities defined by the social praxis – : the authority and the use of power. Thus, Zenobia, Aurelian and Decio exemplify opposites models in relation of these two principles of political theory.
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MacKay, James S. "The Second Repeat in Beethoven's Sonata-Form Movements: Tonal, Formal and Motivic Strategies." Music Theory and Analysis (MTA) 8, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11116/mta.8.1.1.
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Around the middle of the Classical period, there was a paradigm shift concerning sectional repeats in sonata-form movements. Whereas previously the repeat of both halves (exposition and development/recapitulation) was virtually pro forma, by the late 1700s composers typically only indicated the first repeat. When composers began to indicate the second repeat infrequently, this decision took on greater musical significance.<br/> Whereas Haydn and Mozart indicated the second repeat frequently, even in their late works, Beethoven indicated this repeat rarely (nineteen times in works with opus numbers). This infrequency is noteworthy and prompts the question: Are there issues of formal balance or tonal/motivic connections that would be lost if performers omitted this repeat? I will examine these works in depth, noting similarities in formal balance, motivic content, tonal procedures, and large-scale design. Although many of these movements date from Beethoven's early period, he also indicated the second repeat six times after 1800, including the finale of his last quartet, Op. 135. We can conclude that repeating a sonata-form movement's second half remained an option for Beethoven late in life, even after he had ostensibly broken definitively with the formal conventions of his Classical predecessors.
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Ciolan, Laura-Elena, and Daniela Mihaela Florescu. "Training of Early Childhood Teachers to Develop Socio-Emotional Skills in Pre-Schoolers." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 564–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/15.1/711.
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The article is connected with a theoretical analysis of the emotional intelligence and empirical studies of the development of emotional intelligence in the context of personal dispositions of students future psychologists (n=84). The following methods were used in the empirical study: EQ test K. Barchard, «Diagnosis of emotional intelligence» (N. Hall), «Questionnaire SVF120» (V. Yanke, G. Erdmann, adaptation N. Vodopjanova), «Methods of diagnosing viability» (S. Muddy, adaptation D. Leontiev), «Oxford Happiness Inventory», «Diagnosis of emotionality» (Suvorov, 1976), «Questionnaire Machiavellianism of the individual». Mathematical data processing and graphical representation of the results were performed using the statistical package SPSS 17.0. It is noted that the real impetus for the emergence of the concept of EI in science were the works of G. Gardner and his theory of multiple intelligences. The basic models of ЕІ and the author’s interpretation of this concept are analyzed, which leads to the conclusion: the integrated understanding of this phenomenon by psychologists is still absent, the main definition of the concept of EI is often a list and description of its components, and the main justification for its importance is a list of those areas of life where the role of EI is most obvious.
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Daniš, Miroslav. "The Uprising of Francis Rákóczi the Second in the Сontext of Russian Diplomacy." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 65, no. 3 (2020): 865–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2020.310.
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The uprising of Francis II Rákóczi in 1703–1711 is a frequently debated topic in European historiographies (especially in Hungarian, Slovak and Polish). For the Slovak historiography (since its beginning), anti-Habsburg uprisings in the 17th and early 18th centuries has been a key issue. There is a number of works that deal with the last anti-Habsburg uprising in Hungary in detail. The aim of this study is to examine the mentioned events through the prism of a different historical source, the Russian newspaper “Vedomosti”, which in 1703 to 1711 captured relatively detailed information about the uprising of Francis II Rákóczi. The first report about the anti-Habsburg uprising in Russian Journal “Vedomosti” was published in October 1703. Most reports describe military operations on the Slovak territory, which makes their content interesting for Slovak historiography. The study analyses the problems of international relations and political interests of the Imperial Russian court with regard to Francis II Rákóczi in the context of sources, scholarly literature as well as information from the newspaper itself. Reports of the Francis II. Rákóczi’s uprising in the Russian periodical from 1703–1711 may not be of key importance to the scholarly research of the uprising itself, but they demonstrate the interest of the Russian diplomacy in the events in Central Europe and Hungarian anti-Habsburg rebellions in the context of European policy in the early 18th century. After the conclusion of the treaty of Satmár, Francis II Rákóczi remained interesting for European politics, even in a different context. After 1711, Tsar Peter the Great invited F.Rákóczi and his supporters to immigrate to Russia. However, such an option was unacceptable to F.Rákóczi himself.
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McMahon, S. "John Ray (1627-1705) and the Act of Uniformity 1662." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 54, no. 2 (May 22, 2000): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2000.0105.
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John Ray was one of the most influential British natural philosophers of the 17th century. His model of natural history served as an organizing principle for the philosophic understanding of living nature and his works on natural theology were seminal. Many modern historians have placed Ray within the Puritan tradition, primarily based on Ray's choice, as an ordained Anglican priest, to leave his fellowship at Cambridge rather than subscribe to the Act of Uniformity in 1662. However, Ray left no explicit evidence of either his religious or political views during this period and his reasons for refusing to subscribe to the Act are not transparent. My analysis of his early Essex environment, his friends and associates at Cambridge University, his correspondence during the crucial years of 1660–62 and the strategies he pursued in his only contemporary published work, the Catalogus Plantarum circa Cantabrigiam (1660) provide no evidence to situate Ray within a Puritan framework and much evidence to suggest that Ray remained committed to Anglican and loyalist principles throughout his career.
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B. Bottigheimer, Ruth. "Hannā Diyāb’s “A Sultan of Samarcand”, an Eleventh-Century Old Georgian St. George Legend, and the Construction of an Early Modern Fairy Tale." Ethnographica et Folkloristica Carpathica, no. 23 (October 11, 2021): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47516/ethnographica/23/2021/10059.
Full textAbstract:
Of the sixteen stories Hannā Diyāb told Antoine Galland to help the elderly scholar complete his 12-volume Mille et Une Nuits (1704–1717) six were omitted. This article examines one of the six discarded tales, “A Sultan of Samarcand”. Rediscovered by Hermann Zotenberg in the late 1880s, translated soon thereafter into English by Richard Burton, it was contextualized historically as a product of Eastern Christian narrative tradition by Joseph Szövérffy in 1956 and categorized typologically by him within the Aarne–Thompson tale-type index, as it then existed. Kevin Tuite’s recent research and translation of an eleventh-century Georgian religious legend supports my hypothesis that the Christian St. George legend supplied the story’s core episode. The role of reference works is introduced inter alia to illuminate their role within knowledge creation in general and in the discontinuities of “A Sultan of Samarcand” research in particular.
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GORLOV, K., and V. KILDYUSHEVSKY. "NUMISMATIC MATERIALS FROM THE EXCAVATIONS AT THE PETER AND PAUL FORTRESS IN 2017 AND 2019 AND THEIR BEARING ON THE DATING OF THE CULTURAL LAYER." TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE Russian Academy of Science 23 (2020): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/2310-6557-2020-23-153-162.
Full textAbstract:
A log-and-earth fortress on Zayachy island in the Neva River mouth was erected in 1703 by direction of Peter the Great. The building works took a short period from early May to late August. The construction of the stone fortress started in 1706. In 2017 and 2019, in the course of archaeological excavations carried out by IHMC RAS, a unique cultural layer with remains of the first log-and-earth fortress was discovered on the territory of the Menshikov bastion. Among the most important finds there are 18 coins issued by Peter I, including 14 wire kopecks, three copper quarter-kopeck pieces, and one copper half-kopeck coin. Two more coins with denomination of 1/6 öre were issued by Charles Х of Sweden (fig. 1; table). This numismatic collection is a reliable dating material, allowing to identify the constructions found in the cultural layer as the first log- and-earth fortress of Peter the Great, that became the historical core of Saint Petersburg. Worthy of note is the presence in the collection of a number of coins minted with dies made with the same punches, and the absence of coins minted in 1703. The presence of Swedish coins may be indica- tive of the participation in the construction works of captive Swedish soldiers, who could have lost the coins. At the same time it cannot be excluded that these coins were brought to Zayachy island with earth from Nyenschanz, which was used as a source of building materials.
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Zarubina, Evgeniya D. "Eastern Mediterranean at the turn of the tide [Book review:] Fusaro M. Political Economies of Empire in the Early Modern Mediterranean: The Decline of Venice and the Rise of England, 1450–1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. XVI+408 p." Orientalistica 4, no. 4 (November 29, 2021): 1095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2021-4-4-1095-1106.
Full textAbstract:
The reviewed book by Professor Maria Fusaro (the University of Exeter, UK) is one of the key works in the modern historiography of the Eastern Mediterranean. The study consists of an introduction and twelve chapters based on the evaluation of a considerable number of sources, both primary and secondary (748 items), that create a multi-dimensional picture of the Eastern Mediterranean in the 16–17th centuries. The concept of the Venetian state as a “functional empire” developed in the study, along with an analysis of the British commercial expansion into the Mediterranean are placed into a wider context of the socio-economic transformation of the region. The author highlights the ignorance of the Republic’s subjects’ economic interest and preoccupation with the imperial role of Venice among the major factors that contributed to the failure to maintain its position in the Eastern Mediterranean. The success of the English was facilitated by the institutional peculiarities of their trade network, the crisis of the Venetian fleet, and the economic situation in the region. Among institutional peculiarities, the author stresses the freedom of action characteristic of the Levantine company, well-developed communal connections, the support of the state, and close partnership with Greek merchants. The multi-dimensional analysis of the early modern Eastern Mediterranean presented in the study allows us to both deepen our understanding of the region’s history and draw parallels between different colonial systems. The narrative formulated in the book considers not only European and Levantine contexts but also proto-global connections. The combination of these features makes the study under review a part of an essential bibliography for the scholars specializing in the history of the Eastern Mediterranean.