Academic literature on the topic 'Earth floor'

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Journal articles on the topic "Earth floor"

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Koistinen, Tarja, Leena Ahola, and Jaakko Mononen. "Blue foxes’ (Alopex lagopus) preferences between earth floor and wire mesh floor." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 111, no. 1-2 (May 2008): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2007.05.011.

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Ahola, Leena, Tarja Koistinen, and Jaakko Mononen. "Sand Floor for Farmed Blue Foxes: Effects on Claws, Adrenal Cortex Function, Growth and Fur Properties." International Journal of Zoology 2009 (2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/563252.

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Farmed blue foxes (Vulpes lagopus) are traditionally housed on mesh floors where they are unable to perform certain species-specific behaviours, such as digging, which may compromise the animals' welfare. This study describes how a possibility to use in-cage sand floor affects welfare-related variables like growth of the claws, adrenal cortex function, and fur properties in juvenile blue foxes. The foxes (N=32) were housed in male-female sibling pairs in an outdoor fur animal shed in cage systems consisting of two traditional fox cages. For the eight male-female sibling pairs of the Control group, there was a mesh floor in both cages of each cage system, whereas for the eight pairs of the Sand group there was a mesh floor in one cage and a 30–40 cm deep earth floor in the other cage. The results show that sand floor is beneficial for the wearing of the claws of foxes. Furthermore, an early experience of sand floor may have positive effects on the foxes' fur development. The results, however, also suggest that there might appear welfare problems observed as disturbed claw growth and increased adrenal cortex activation if foxes that are once provided with clean and unfrozen sand floor are not allowed to enjoy this floor all the time.
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Wilson, Scott, Johan Potgieter, and Khalid Mahmood Arif. "Robot-Assisted Floor Surface Profiling Using Low-Cost Sensors." Remote Sensing 11, no. 22 (November 10, 2019): 2626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11222626.

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Low cost and accurate 3D surface profiling can help in numerous industry applications including inspection tasks, cleaning, minimizing bumps in navigation of non-uniform terrain, aid navigation, and road/pavement condition analysis. However, most of the available systems are costly or inaccessible for widespread use. This research presents investigation into the capability of cheap and accessible sensors to capture the floor surface profile information. A differential drive robotic platform has been developed to perform testing and conduct the research. 2D localization methods are extrapolated into 3D for the floor capturing process. Two different types of sensors, a 2D laser scanner and an RGB-D camera, are used for comparison of the floor profile capture ability. The robotic system is able to successfully capture the floor surface profile of a number of different type floors such as carpet, asphalt, and a coated floor. A key finding is that the surface itself is a significant factor on the measured profile, i.e. dirt or differing materials can cause false height measurements. Overall the methodology has proved a successful real time solution for creating a point cloud of the floor surface.
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Liu, Hao, Pu Wang, Weihe Zhang, Qiang Liu, and Lijun Su. "Comprehensive Measurement of the Deformation and Failure of Floor Rocks: A Case Study of the Xinglongzhuang Coal Mine." Geofluids 2020 (November 12, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8830217.

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The isolated island panel 10304 of the Xinglongzhuang coal mine was used as the research subject to study the deformation and damage characteristics of the coal seam floor. The damage of the floor was studied using the borehole strain sensing method and borehole imaging technology, and FLAC3D was used to study the influence of abutment pressure on floor failure. The result shows that the floor under the superimposed area which is affected by lateral and advanced abutment pressure is damaged firstly, and the maximum depth reaches 26 m, other areas of the working face about 23 m. The degree of deformation and failure of floor rock at different depths is decreased. The deformation damage increases with the advancement of the working face until a certain distance at the same depth. The hole image can clearly show the influence range of the abutment pressure in front of the coal wall and influence the degree of the advancement and lag by means of the strain increment curve for each sensor probe and the images from different drilled positions. On the basis that the results of simulation and field measurement are consistent, the results can reflect the three-dimensional failure characteristics of the whole island working face floor in the process of coal mining more comprehensively and accurately; moreover, they also can provide important information for mine flood prevention and ecological environment protection.
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Sharma, Arvind, Uttara Kennedy, and Clive Phillips. "A Novel Method of Assessing Floor Friction in Cowsheds and Its Association with Cow Health." Animals 9, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9040120.

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Measurement of friction of cowshed floors to determine slipperiness potential is important for cow comfort. Existing methods require elaborate equipment and procedures. A quick method for assessment of friction characteristics is proposed. Friction was measured in 54 cattle housing and yard facilities with earth, brick, concrete, and stone floors, and its association with cattle health parameters was investigated through assessment of 30 animals per facility. A 156 g cuboidal wooden block attached to a spring balance was pulled over 3 m, and the coefficient of friction was recorded as the force required to move the block at a constant speed. The coefficient of friction ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 and was lowest for concrete and highest for earth floors. A multivariate analysis found that cows were standing more and could be more easily approached when they were on floors with high friction levels. The proportion of cows with dirty hind limbs declined with increasing friction of the floor, probably reflecting the fact that they felt more confident to stand rather than lie on high friction floors. This simple measure of frictional characteristics of cattle floors offers promise to be included in welfare measures as an indicator of cow welfare.
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Cliver, E. W. "The floor in the solar wind: status report." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S286 (October 2011): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312004814.

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AbstractCliver & Ling (2010) recently suggested that the solar wind had a floor or ground-state magnetic field strength at Earth of ~2.8 nT and that the source of the field was the slow solar wind. This picture has recently been given impetus by the evidence presented by Schrijver et al. (2011) that the Sun has a minimal magnetic state that was approached globally in 2009, a year in which Earth was imbedded in slow solar wind ~70% of the time. A precursor relation between the solar dipole field strength at solar minimum and the peak sunspot number (SSNMAX) of the subsequent 11-yr cycle suggests that during Maunder-type minima (when SSNMAX was ~0), the solar polar field strength approaches zero - indicating weak or absent polar coronal holes and an increase to nearly ~100% in the time that Earth spends in slow solar wind.
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Chugh, Ashok K. "Influence of valley geometry on stability of an earth dam." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 51, no. 10 (October 2014): 1207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0407.

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Influence of valley geometry on stability of an earth dam is assessed in terms of its static slope stability. Numerical model results for an earth dam sited in a trapezoidal valley are presented for two combinations of dam crest length and valley floor width. In one combination, the valley floor width is held constant and the slope of valley walls is varied; in the second combination, the dam crest length is held constant and the slope of valley walls is varied. The results for the two combinations are not the same. The results presented are from three-dimensional (3-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) continuum-mechanics-based numerical analyses and are in terms of factor of safety (FoS) and associated slip surface. Significant results include: (i) influence of valley geometry on FoS is minimal when valley floor width exceeds about five times the dam height; and (ii) ratio of 3-D to 2-D FoS can be in the range of 1.03 to 1.30 depending on the valley geometry. Practical implications of the results are included.
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Arpul, Oksana Volodymyrivna, Anastasiya Yuriyivna Spilchuk, and Yuliia Viktorivna Melnyk. "ENERGY FLOOR AS NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR ELECTRICITY EQUIPMENT IN HOTELS OF UKRAINE." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 48 (2019): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2019.48.74-82.

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The purpose of the article is to study the work of Energyfloor modules in hotels in Ukraine and their impact on energy conservation and sustainable innovations in buildings, public spaces. The Netherlands Energy Floor modules are an integral part of the Smart Floors Smart Grid. The grid can be used both for efficient energy management and for its diagnostics and can work by connecting to light-emitting diode lanterns, intelligent energy management systems. Method: energy Floor is designed to apply pressure on the floor. The energy floor uses the movement of people as a source of energy. A kinetic energy is converted into an electric one, which results in a load on the floor. The energy output of these types of energy-saving tiles depends on the applied force; the higher voltage corresponds to a greater potential difference and, consequently, greater energy. Results: in order to estimate the output power of one person passing through the center of the campus, it is important to determine the magnitude of the forces that experience the earth while walking. Using this concept, large hotels will be able to generate useful power up to 20 W per module. The scientific novelty of the results is to develop and substantiate the concept of using the Netherlands Energy Floor model as an alternative to power generation in hotels. Practical significance: electricity can also be supplied back to the grid, used for energy applications that create a unique energy effect or enhance other customized local systems. This technology provides intellectual use of electricity in the hotel enterprises.
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Yahya, N. N., M. Hashim, and S. Ahmad. "Remote Sensing of shallow sea floor for digital earth environment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 18 (February 25, 2014): 012110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/18/1/012110.

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Hamrouni, Adam, Daniel Dias, and Badreddine Sbartai. "Probabilistic analysis of piled earth platform under concrete floor slab." Soils and Foundations 57, no. 5 (October 2017): 828–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2017.08.012.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Earth floor"

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Bamberg, Marlene. "Planetary mapping tools applied to floor-fractured craters on Mars." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7210/.

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Planetary research is often user-based and requires considerable skill, time, and effort. Unfortunately, self-defined boundary conditions, definitions, and rules are often not documented or not easy to comprehend due to the complexity of research. This makes a comparison to other studies, or an extension of the already existing research, complicated. Comparisons are often distorted, because results rely on different, not well defined, or even unknown boundary conditions. The purpose of this research is to develop a standardized analysis method for planetary surfaces, which is adaptable to several research topics. The method provides a consistent quality of results. This also includes achieving reliable and comparable results and reducing the time and effort of conducting such studies. A standardized analysis method is provided by automated analysis tools that focus on statistical parameters. Specific key parameters and boundary conditions are defined for the tool application. The analysis relies on a database in which all key parameters are stored. These databases can be easily updated and adapted to various research questions. This increases the flexibility, reproducibility, and comparability of the research. However, the quality of the database and reliability of definitions directly influence the results. To ensure a high quality of results, the rules and definitions need to be well defined and based on previously conducted case studies. The tools then produce parameters, which are obtained by defined geostatistical techniques (measurements, calculations, classifications). The idea of an automated statistical analysis is tested to proof benefits but also potential problems of this method. In this study, I adapt automated tools for floor-fractured craters (FFCs) on Mars. These impact craters show a variety of surface features, occurring in different Martian environments, and having different fracturing origins. They provide a complex morphological and geological field of application. 433 FFCs are classified by the analysis tools due to their fracturing process. Spatial data, environmental context, and crater interior data are analyzed to distinguish between the processes involved in floor fracturing. Related geologic processes, such as glacial and fluvial activity, are too similar to be separately classified by the automated tools. Glacial and fluvial fracturing processes are merged together for the classification. The automated tools provide probability values for each origin model. To guarantee the quality and reliability of the results, classification tools need to achieve an origin probability above 50 %. This analysis method shows that 15 % of the FFCs are fractured by intrusive volcanism, 20 % by tectonic activity, and 43 % by water & ice related processes. In total, 75 % of the FFCs are classified to an origin type. This can be explained by a combination of origin models, superposition or erosion of key parameters, or an unknown fracturing model. Those features have to be manually analyzed in detail. Another possibility would be the improvement of key parameters and rules for the classification. This research shows that it is possible to conduct an automated statistical analysis of morphologic and geologic features based on analysis tools. Analysis tools provide additional information to the user and are therefore considered assistance systems.
Planetenforschung umfasst oft zeitintensive Projekte, bei denen Expertise und Erfahrung eine wesentliche Rolle spielen. Auf Grund äusserst komplexer und sich selten wiederholender Forschungsfragen sind Annahmen, Definitionen und Regeln zur Lösung dieser Fragen nicht leicht nachvollziehbar oder aber nicht eindeutig dokumentiert. Ein Vergleich der Ergebnisse unterschiedlicher Forscher zum selben Thema oder eine Erweiterung der Forschungsfrage macht dies somit nur schwer möglich. Vergleiche liefern oftmals verzerrte Ergebnisse, da die Ausgangslage und Randbedingungen unterschiedlich definiert worden sind. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es eine Standardmethode zur Oberflächenanalyse zu entwickeln, die auf zahlreiche Untersuchungsfragen angewandt werden kann. Eine gleichbleibende Qualität der Ergebnisse muss durch diese Methode gewährleistet sein. Ein weiteres Ziel ist es, dass diese Methode ohne Vorwissen und Expertise angewandt werden kann und die Ergebnisse in kurzer Zeit vorliegen. Ausserdem müssen die Ergebnisse vergleichbar und nachvollziehbar sein. Automatisch operierende Analysewerkzeuge können die zahlreichen Anforderungen erfüllen und als Standardmethode dienen. Statistische Ergebnisse werden durch diese Methode erzielt. Die Werkzeuge basieren auf vordefinierten, geowissenschaftlichen Techniken und umfassen Messungen, Berechnungen und Klassifikationen der zu untersuchenden Oberflächenstrukturen. Für die Anwendung dieser Werkzeuge müssen Schlüsselstrukturen und Randbedingungen definiert werden. Des Weiteren benötigen die Werkzeuge eine Datenbank, in der alle Oberflächenstrukturen, aber auch Informationen zu den Randbedingungen gespeichert sind. Es ist mit geringem Aufwand möglich, Datenbanken zu aktualisieren und sie auf verschiedenste Fragestellungen zu adaptieren. Diese Tatsache steigert die Flexibilität, Reproduzierbarkeit und auch Vergleichbarkeit der Untersuchung. Die vordefinierten Randbedingungen und die Qualität der Datenbank haben jedoch auch direkten Einfluss auf die Qualität der Ergebnisse. Um eine gleichbleibend hohe Qualität der Untersuchung zu gewährleisten muss sichergestellt werden, dass alle vordefinierten Bedingungen eindeutig sind und auf vorheriger Forschung basieren. Die automatisch operierenden Analysewerkzeuge müssen als mögliche Standardmethode getestet werden. Hierbei geht es darum Vorteile, aber auch Nachteile zu identifizieren und zu bewerten. In dieser Arbeit werden die Analysewerkzeuge auf einen bestimmten Einschlagskratertyp auf dem Mars angewandt. Krater mit zerbrochenen Kraterböden (Floor-Fractured Craters) sind in verschiedensten Regionen auf dem Mars zu finden, sie zeigen zahlreiche Oberflächenstrukturen und wurden durch unterschiedliche Prozesse geformt. All diese Fakten machen diesen Kratertyp zu einem interessanten und im geologischen und morphologischen Sinne sehr komplexen Anwendungsgebiet. 433 Krater sind durch die Werkzeuge analysiert und je nach Entstehungsprozess klassifiziert worden. Für diese Analyse sind Position der Krater, Art des Umfeldes und Strukturen im Kraterinneren ausschlaggebend. Die kombinierten Informationen geben somit Auskunft über die Prozesse, welche zum Zerbrechen des Kraterbodens geführt haben. Die entwickelten Analysewerkzeuge können geologische Prozesse, die sehr ähnlich zueinander sind, von einander abhängig sind und zusätzlich auch dieselben Oberflächenstrukturen formen, nicht eindeutig unterscheiden. Aus diesem Grund sind fluviale und glaziale Entstehungsprozesse für den untersuchten Kratertyp zusammengefasst. Die Analysewerkzeuge liefern Wahrscheinlichkeitswerte für drei mögliche Entstehungsarten. Um die Qualität der Ergebnisse zu verbessern muss eine Wahrscheinlichkeit über 50 % erreicht werden. Die Werkzeuge zeigen, dass 15 % der Krater durch Vulkanismus, 20 % durch Tektonik und 43 % durch Wasser- und Eis-bedingte Prozesse gebildet wurden. Insgesamt kann für 75 % des untersuchten Kratertyps ein potentieller Entstehungsprozess zugeordnet werden. Für 25 % der Krater ist eine Klassifizierung nicht möglich. Dies kann durch eine Kombination von geologischen Prozessen, einer Überprägung von wichtigen Schlüsselstrukturen, oder eines bisher nicht berücksichtigten Prozesses erklärt werden. Zusammenfassend ist zu sagen, dass es möglich ist planetare Oberflächenstrukturen quantitativ durch automatisch operierende Analysewerkzeuge zu erfassen und hinsichtlich einer definierten Fragestellung zu klassifizieren. Zusätzliche Informationen können durch die entwickelten Werkzeuge erhalten werden, daher sind sie als Assistenzsystem zu betrachten.
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Bradley, Christopher R. "Very low frequency seismo-acoustic noise below the sea floor (0.2-10 Hz)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58250.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 235-245).
by Christopher Robert Bradley.
Ph.D.
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Tentler, Tatiana. "Interaction of Segments along Rifts that Separate Continents and Ridges that Spread Ocean Floors." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4134.

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The face of the Earth is constantly renewed by continental rifts that open and allow ridges to spread oceanic floor. Both types of these linear extensional structures are morphologically and structurally segmented. This thesis aims to provide insights into the interaction of such segments as they propagate and mature. It is based on the results of analogue models of evolving rifts and ridges together with field studies of populations of dilational normal faults in the active rift zone of Iceland. Linkage of initially separate segments along rifts and ridges leads to formation of through-going systems operating on a planetary scale. It is argued here that the processes of segment initiation and growth are effectively scale-independent and essentially the same in wide and narrow modes of extension and for shear and dilational failure. Three distinct types of segment coalescence are recognized; these involve tip-to-tip, one tip-to-sidewall and two tips-to-sidewalls segment linkage. The overall structural pattern, particularly the width of the extending domain and the range of displacements and orientations of smaller-scale internal extensional structures, is influenced by both the geometry of extension and the mechanical properties of the extending material. Types of segment linkage appear to be largely independent of localization of dilation or intensity of magmatic accretion. Instead they are controlled mainly by the relative distribution and orientation of interacting segments. A few orders of segmentation along global rift-ridge systems and arrays of dilational normal faults indicate that linear continuous structures accumulate extension in successive increments during which the segments change their geometries in semi-continuous interaction and coalescence.

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Grimes, Craig B. "Duration, rates, and patterns of crustal growth at slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges using zircon to investigate the evolution of in situ ocean crust /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1799840381&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Van, Avendonk Hermanus Josephus Antonius. "An investigation of the crustal structure of the Clipperton transform fault area using 3D seismic tomography /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9823314.

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Sager, Steven, and sager28@hotmail com. "The Sky is our Roof, the Earth our Floor: Orang Rimba Customs and Religion in the Bukit Duabelas Region of Jambi, Sumatra." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, Department of Archeology and Anthropology, 2008. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20091226.232154.

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This is an ethnographic study of the Orang Rimba ('people of the forest'), a Malay-speaking minority group who traditionally lived throughout the lowland rainforests of Jambi, Sumatra. The Orang Rimba have much in common with surrounding Malay peoples, including a similar local dialect and variants of regional Malay customs and beliefs. They are different from the Malay and other Austronesian peoples in that they have a unique, mobile, flexible economy that traditionally shifts in and out of periods of swidden gardening and a very nomadic life based on digging for wild yams, largely upon death. They have an egalitarian social system based on sharing and reciprocity, which occurs within the context of a system of relationships in which women have great rights over forest resources and extraordinary distribution rights. They are also unique for their traditional non-Islamic religious beliefs, which they believe are crucial towards maintaining their way of life in the forest based on maintaining separation with the outside world. While the Makekal Orang Rimba believe themselves to share common origins with the Malay/Melayu, the downstream world of the villagers is perceived as a source of danger and sickness, which holds the potential to disrupt the delicate relations with their gods and make life in the forest impossible. ¶ Within the history of an unstable and assimilative upstream climate that was often hostile towards animist forest peoples, ethnic boundaries have served as a means to maintain their social identity, safety, and maintain a distinctive way of life in the forest. However, within the context of an egalitarian share society in which groupings of closely related women have a great deal of authority over the management and distribution of resources, including game, and the power of men is diminished through dispersed uxorilocal residence patterns, ethnic boundaries are also closely intertwined with internal power issues. The authority adult men is marked by their duty and obligation to protect and shield the rights of women from a dangerous outside world, and all outside males who are not immediate kin, through the manipulation of a convoluted system of law and fines paid in sheets of cloth. While females have great rights in their society, and the complete freedom to bully men through their passions and voice, their social mobility is limited by some of the most rigid gender divisions in all of Southeast Asia. Male authority is also marked within the domain of religion, through their duty to maintain the order and balance of their material and spiritual world (adat) in the forests by observing and enforcing religious prohibitions, which restrict relations with the outside world. This serves to facilitate close relations with their gods in matters ranging from health and subsistence to maintaining the timely occurrence of the seasonal fruits, honey, and migrations of bearded pigs. ¶ This thesis explores how the Orang Rimba maintain their distinct social identity as 'the people of the forest' through an examination of their customs, beliefs and religion (adat), and their belief and ritual surrounding fruits and the annual season of fruits, a primary season in the lowland dipterocarp forests of Sumatra. Throughout the thesis, I explore some of the key concepts, structural categories (forest-village, upstream-downstream, mobility-sedentism, hot-cold, and reason-passion), and metaphor that run through their system of beliefs and religion, and how some of these beliefs influence their social, moral and cosmological orders, relations amongst themselves, and with the outside world. A broader theme examines how religious beliefs are intertwined with social relations, which are largely based on issues of gender, adulthood, relations of affinity and male experience in the realms of law and religion, and how some of their beliefs are interrelated with maintaining ethnic boundaries with outsiders. Some of these topics are explored in their social relations, the structure of their origin stories, gender related food prohibitions, and the management of forest resources. These issues are examined in light of the great change that has taken place over the last 30 years, a result of large-scale logging, plantations and development projects.
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Babcock, Jeffrey Matthew. "Magma chamber structure and Moho reflections along the East Pacific Rise /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9737307.

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Šmardová, Kateřina. "Hliněné povrchy v současné architektuře." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233241.

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The theme of this thesis are surfaces made of unburned earth and used in architecture. The thesis focuses mainly on detailed mapping and analysis of the present state. However, it does not omit the historical roots of earthen surfaces in the area of today`s Czech Republic. In these roots it looks for connections with contemporary practice. The thesis deduces conclusions from thorough evaluation of the present situation – it shows perspectives and possible drift of the future development of earthen surfaces. Both in the field of architecture and in areas broadening this field.
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DeMartin, Brian J. 1976. "Experimental and seismological constraints on the rheology, evolution, and alteration of the lithosphere at oceanic spreading centers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39010.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 194-197).
Oceanic spreading centers are sites of magmatic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes. In this thesis I present experimental and seismological constraints on the evolution of these complex regions of focused crustal accretion and extension. Experimental results from drained, triaxial deformation experiments on partially molten olivine reveal that melt extraction rates are linearly dependent on effective mean stress when the effective mean stress is low and non-linearly dependent on effective mean stress when it is high. Microearthquakes recorded above an inferred magma reservoir along the TAG segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge delineate for the first time the arcuate, subsurface structure of a long-lived, active detachment fault. This fault penetrates the entire oceanic crust and forms the high-permeability pathway necessary to sustain long-lived, high-temperature hydrothermal venting in this region. Long-lived detachment faulting exhumes lower crustal and mantle rocks. Residual stresses generated by thermal expansion anisotropy and mismatch in the uplifting, cooling rock trigger grain boundary microfractures if stress intensities at the tips of naturally occurring flaws exceed a critical stress intensity factor.
(cont.) Experimental results coupled with geomechanical models indicate that pervasive grain boundary cracking occurs in mantle peridotite when it is uplifted to within 4 km of the seafloor. Whereas faults provide the high-permeability pathways necessary to sustain high-temperature fluid circulation, grain boundary cracks form the interconnected network required for pervasive alteration of the oceanic lithosphere. This thesis provides fundamental constraints on the rheology, evolution, and alteration of the lithosphere at oceanic spreading centers.
by Brian J. deMartin.
Ph.D.
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McKnight, Amy R. (Amy Ruth) 1975. "Structure and evolution of an oceanic megamullion on the Mid-Atlantic ridge at 27N̊." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59090.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-48).
Megamullions in slow-spreading oceanic crust are characterized by smooth "turtle-back" morphology and are interpreted to be rotated footwalls of long-lived detachment faults. Megamullions have been analyzed in preliminary studies, but many questions remain about structural and tectonic details of their formation, in particular how the hanging wall develops in conjugate crust on the opposing side of the rift axis. This study compares the structure of an off-axis megamullion complex and its conjugate hanging wall crust on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 27 0N. Two megamullion complexes, an older (Ml) and younger (M2), formed successively on the west side of the rift axis in approximately the same location within one spreading segment. Megamullion M1 formed while the spreading segment had only one inside comer on the west flank, and megamullion M2 formed after the segment developed double inside corners west of the axis and double outside corners east of the axis. The older megamullion formed between -22.3 and -20.4 Ma, and the younger megamullion formed between -20.6 and -18.3 Ma; they are presently -200-300 km off-axis. Reconstruction poles of plate rotation were derived and plate reconstructions were made for periods prior to initiation of the megamullion complex (anomaly 6Ar, -22.6 Ma), after the termination of megamullion Ml and during the development of megamullion M2 (anomaly 5E, -19 9 Ma), and shortly following the termination of megamullion M2 (anomaly 5C, -17.6 Ma). These reconstructions were used to compare morphological and geophysical features of both flanks at each stage of the megamullions' development. Megamullion Ml's breakaway occurred at -22.3 Ma and slip along this detachment fault continued and propagated northward at -20.6 Ma to form the northern portion of M2. The exhumed footwall of megamullion M1 has weak spreading-parallel lineations interpreted as mullion structures on its surface, and it forms an elevated plateau between the enclosing segment boundaries (non-transform discontinuities). There was an expansion southward of the detachment fault forming megamullion M2 at -20.1 Ma. It either cut a new detachment fault through megamullion Ml, stranding a piece of megamullion Ml on the conjugate side (east flank), or it linked into the active detachment fault that was forming megamullion M1 or propagated into its hanging wall. The expanded detachment of megamullion M2 and the termination of megamullion M1 occurred during a time when the enclosing spreading segment roughly doubled in length and formed two inside corners. Megamullion M2 developed prominent, high-amplitude (-600 m) mullion structures that parallel the spreading direction for more than 20 km at each inside corner. Its detachment fault was abandoned - 18.6 Ma in the south and ~18.3 Ma in the north ...
by Amy R. McKnight.
S.M.
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Books on the topic "Earth floor"

1

Sea-floor sediment and the age of the earth. El Cajon, Calif: Institute for Creation Research, 1996.

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Chudinov, I͡U V. Global eduction tectonics of the expanding earth. Utrecht: VSP, 1998.

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Soundings: The remarkable woman who mapped the ocean floor. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Co., 2012.

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Fire under the sea: The discovery of the most extraordinary environment on earth, volcanic hot springs on the ocean floor. New York: Quill W. Morrow, 1991.

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Cone, Joseph. Fire under the sea: The discovery of the most extraordinary environment on earth--volcanic hot springs on the ocean floor. New York: Morrow, 1991.

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Fire under the sea: The discovery of the most extraordinary environment on earth--volcanic hot springs on the ocean floor. New York: Morrow, 1991.

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Vrielynck, Bruno. The changing face of the Earth: The break-up of Pangaea and continental drift over the past 250 million years in ten steps. Paris, France: Commission for the Geological Map of the World, 2003.

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12 floors above the earth: Poems. Simsbury, Connecticut: Antrim House, 2012.

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Starkey, Lindsay. Encountering Water in Early Modern Europe and Beyond. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462988736.

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Both the Christian Bible and Aristotle’s works suggest that water should entirely flood the earth. Though many ancient, medieval, and early modern Europeans relied on these works to understand and explore the relationships between water and earth, sixteenth-century Europeans particularly were especially concerned with why dry land existed. This book investigates why they were so interested in water’s failure to submerge the earth when their predecessors had not been. Analyzing biblical commentaries as well as natural philosophical, geographical, and cosmographical texts from these periods, Lindsay Starkey shows that European sea voyages to the southern hemisphere combined with the traditional methods of European scholarship and religious reformations led sixteenth-century Europeans to reinterpret water and earth’s ontological and spatial relationships. The manner in which they did so also sheds light on how we can respond to our current water crisis before it is too late.
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Eggleston, Jack. Land subsidence and relative sea-level rise in the southern Chesapeake Bay region. Reston: United States Geological Survey, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Earth floor"

1

Hekinian, Roger. "Our Haven, Planet Earth." In Sea Floor Exploration, 23–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03203-0_2.

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Seibold, Eugen, and Wolfgang Berger. "Resources from the Ocean Floor." In Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment, 201–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51412-3_14.

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Malinverno, A. "Fractals and Ocean Floor Topography: A Review and a Model." In Fractals in the Earth Sciences, 107–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1397-5_6.

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Ghosh, Tuhin, and Anirban Mukhopadhyay. "Flood Hazard in Bihar." In SpringerBriefs in Earth Sciences, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04438-5_1.

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Arora, Monohar. "Peak Flood Glacier Discharge." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 827. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2642-2_395.

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Batista, Celene Milanés. "Coastal Flood Hazard Mapping." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48657-4_356-1.

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Batista, Celene Milanés. "Coastal Flood Hazard Mapping." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 471–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93806-6_356.

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Barwis, John H. "Flood-Tidal Delta Reservoirs, Medora-Dickinson Trend, North Dakota." In Casebooks in Earth Sciences, 389–412. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8988-0_17.

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Mora Chaparro, Juan Carlos. "Identifying and Mapping the Risk of Flood in Urban Areas." In SpringerBriefs in Earth Sciences, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22472-1_1.

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Dellepiane, Silvana G., and Laura Gemme. "Adaptive SAR Image Processing Techniques to Support Flood Monitoring from Earth Observation Data." In Flood Monitoring through Remote Sensing, 115–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63959-8_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Earth floor"

1

Su, Chao, Lu Wang, and YiJia Dong. "Inverse Analysis on Thermal Parameters of Lock Head Floor Based on BP Neural Network." In Earth and Space 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479179.059.

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Naithani, A. K., Prasnna Jain, Rabi Bhusan, J. K. Jain, and P. C. Nawani. "Geological Mapping of Foundation Floor for Nuclear Building of Rajasthan Atomic Power Project, Rawatbhata, India." In Future Challenges in Earth Sciences for Energy and Mineral Resources. Geological Society of India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/cgsi/2016/95903.

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Ghaith, Fadi A., and Habib Ur Razzaq. "Thermal Performance of Earth-Air Heat Exchanger Systems for Cooling Applications in Residential Buildings." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86974.

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This paper addresses the thermal performance of integrating Earth Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE) systems with the conventional air conditioning systems in residential buildings in UAE. The proposed system was designed and simulated using a transient analysis tool TRNSYS. The system components were optimized by evaluating the effect of varying several design parameters on the performance of the system. It was found that the optimized design of the earth tubes could potentially reduce the temperature of the ambient air from 46 °C to around 29 °C, when the earth tubes were buried at 4 meters depth below the ground surface. This pre-cooled fresh (atmospheric) air from earth tubes was then mixed with the return air in the mixing chamber of conventional air cooling systems before supply to the building. In order to assess the system feasibility, the proposed system was modelled and implemented on a realistic case study represented by a four-floor residential building located in Dubai. This building comprised a total roof area of 400 m2 and an annual cooling load requirement of 366 kW. The results showed good potential of savings in terms of lowering the Annual Energy Consumption (AEC) and the consequent reduction in CO2 emissions.
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Jochum, Michael, Gokulakrishnan Murugesan, Kelly Kissock, and Kevin Hallinan. "Low Exergy Heating and Cooling in Residential Buildings." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54671.

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Exergy is destroyed when work is degraded by friction and turbulence and when heat is transferred through finite temperature differences. Typical HVAC systems use a combination of high quality energy from combustion and electricity to overcome relatively small temperature differences between the building and the environment. It is possible to achieve the heating/cooling necessary to maintain comfort in a building without these high quality energy sources and their high potential-energy destruction. A low-exergy heating and cooling system seeks to better match the quality of energy to the loads of the building and thus to minimize exergy destruction and increase the exergetic efficiency of the building’s heating and cooling system. The method described here for low exergy building system design begins by minimizing overall heating and cooling loads using a tight, highly-insulated envelope and passive solar design strategies. Next a low-exergy heating and cooling system is designed that uses hydronic radiant heating and cooling in floors, along with high thermal mass. The large surface area of the floors enable low fluid flow rates and relatively small temperature differences to achieve heat transfer rates that would traditionally be driven by high temperature differentials and flows. The building uses a solar wall to passively drive ventilation requirements and earth tubes to condition the ventilation air. High thermal mass in the floor reduces peak loads and eliminates the need for solar thermal storage tanks. Thus, this paper begins to explore the practical limits of low-exergy design.
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Kusky, Timothy M., Brian F. Windley, and Ali Polat. "FOUR BILLION YEAR RECORD OF OCEAN PLATE STRATIGRAPHY IN ACCRETIONARY OROGENS PRESERVE A RECORD OF SEA FLOOR SPREADING, SUBDUCTION, AND ACCRETION THROUGHOUT EARTH HISTORY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-308052.

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Yoshikawa, Hidekazu. "A Proposal on Ultimate Safety Disposal of High Level Radioactive Wastes." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15117.

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The ultimate disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) becomes a hard issue for sustainable nuclear energy in Japan especially after Fukushima Daiichi accident. In this paper, the difficulty of realizing underground HLW disposal in Japanese islands is first discussed from socio-political aspects. Then, revival of old idea of deep seabed disposal of HLW in Pacific Ocean is proposed as an alternative way of HLW disposal. Although this had been abandoned in the past for the reason that it will violate London Convention which prohibits dumping radioactive wastes in public sea, the author will stress the merit of seabed disposal of HLW deep in Pacific Ocean not only from the view point of more safe and ultimate way of disposing HLWs (both vitrified and spent fuel) than by underground disposal, but also the emergence of new marine project by synergetic collaboration of rare-earth resource exploration from the deep sea floor in Pacific Ocean.
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Yabana, Shuichi, Kenji Kanazawa, Seiji Nagata, Seiji Kitamura, and Takeshi Sano. "Shaking Table Tests With Large Test Specimens of Seismically Isolated FBR Plants: Part 3—Ultimate Behavior of Upper Structure and Rubber Bearings." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77229.

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This paper describes results of shaking table tests to grasp ultimate behavior of seismic isolation system under extremely strong earthquake motions, including failure of rubber bearings. The results of the shaking table tests are expected to be useful for the design of seismically isolated nuclear facilities, especially fast breeder reactor (FBR) plants. In the test, lead rubber bearings, of which the diameter is 505 mm and about 1/3 scale of a prototype in planning FBR plants, are used; the test specimens are loaded by the largest three-dimensional shaking table in E-defense of National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) of Japan. Failure of rubber bearings occurs with amplified tentative design earthquake motions. From the tests, the ultimate responses of the upper structure and rubber bearings are presented. In particular, the change of floor response spectra and restoring force characteristics of rubber bearings according to increase of input motions is discussed. Furthermore, mechanism of the failure of rubber bearings is investigated from the observation of failure surfaces and cut sections, static loading tests, and material tests of rubber bearings. Finally, the function of seismic isolation system after the failure of a part of rubber bearings is confirmed under the tentative design earthquake.
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Schmitz, G., A. Joos, and W. Casas. "Experiences With Thermal Driven, Desiccant Assisted Air Conditioning Systems in Germany." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42192.

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During summer, the use of conventional electrically driven air conditioning systems often results in high electricity consumption. On the other hand, heat demand is very low, therefore heat from Combined Heat and Power plants (CHP) or from solar collectors can not be used. Thermal driven desiccant assisted air conditioning systems offer the possibility to shift energy requirements from electricity to heat. Furthermore, as sorptive pre-drying air doesn’t require cooling under dew point for dehumidifying nor any subsequent heating, cold sources at higher temperatures (e.g. 18°C) can be used for cooling. Within the scope of research projects, different demonstration plants for office buildings and a private bungalow were built, where the operations were evaluated by the Hamburg University of Technology. One plant combines a desiccant wheel with a small (5 kWel) gas driven co-generation plant. Instead of an electric chiller or a water evaporation system (desiccant evaporating cooling), borehole heat exchangers in combination with a radiant floor heating system were used for cooling in summer. In this paper, performance comparisons with conventional systems based on numerical simulations and measurement data are shown, including a cost analysis. It is found that the combination of desiccant wheels and earth energy systems offers considerable energy savings compared to conventional electric systems. The operation of such systems is also cost-effective. It can lead to a reduction of up to 28% of primary energy consumption in a whole year compared to a conventional A/C system.
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"Flood Vulnerability Classification of Lafia Township, Nasarawa State, Nigeria." In International Conference on Earth, Environment and Life sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c1214016.

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Mori, M., and T. Kameyama. "GIS analysis of flood damage using Google Earth." In RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/rm090101.

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