Relevant bibliographies by topics / Earth gravity

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Earth gravity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Earth gravity"

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Oja, T., A. Ellmann, and S. Märdla. "Gravity anomaly field over Estonia." Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 68, no. 2 (2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/earth.2019.06.

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Karušs, J., and V. Zandersons. "Gravity-derived Moho map for Latvia." Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 69, no. 4 (2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/earth.2020.19.

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Bozarov, Dilmurod Mirzarasulovich. "PULSARS ON EARTH." Oriental Journal of Social Sciences 01, no. 01 (2021): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-ojss-01-02.

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In this article, Stephen Hawking is one of the founders of quantum cosmology, research area is cosmology and quantum gravity, to make scientific comparisons, he tried to relate events on Earth to the universe. In article substantiated that Hawking had discussions with many scientists and from a scientific point of view of his research activities.
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Sh. Ahmed, Fawzi. "Gravity Data Reinterpretation of Ba'shiqa Anticline, Northern Iraq." Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences 9, no. 1 (2009): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/earth.2009.40572.

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Manik, Charla Tri Selda. "Tool Demonstration Lamp Gravity (Gravity Lights)." Journal of Science Technology (JoSTec) 1, no. 1 (2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55299/jostec.v1i1.47.

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Petromax lamps have many disadvantages such as kerosene which is increasingly expensive and limited. Petromax lamps also produce pollution in the form of smoke produced which can cause disease. The danger of the petromax lamp is that it can cause a fire if there is negligence. But it is undeniable, people really need lighting from lights, especially at night. Therefore, an alternative plan is needed that can replace the petromax lamp by using other available energy sources. A lamp design using renewable energy that can be used throughout the day without the slightest cost in its use. One of the renewable energies available on earth that can be used to replace petromax lamps is energy that comes from the gravitational force of the earth. Due to the lack of knowledge about the use of gravity as renewable energy, a learning tool is needed that can be used especially by electrical engineering students to better understand the concept of gravity which is applied to a visual aid in the form of a gravity lamp.
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S. Ahmed, Fawzi, and Marwan Mutib. "Gravity Study to the Northwest of Kirkuk Oil Field." Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences 5, no. 1 (2005): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/earth.2005.36642.

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Ellmann, A., T. All, and T. Oja. "Towards unification of terrestrial gravity data sets in Estonia." Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 58, no. 4 (2009): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/earth.2009.4.02.

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FOROUGHI, Ismael, Yosra AFRASTEH, Sabah RAMOUZ, and Abdolreza SAFARI. "LOCAL EVALUATION OF EARTH GRAVITATIONAL MODELS, CASE STUDY: IRAN." Geodesy and cartography 43, no. 1 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2017.1299839.

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Global gravity models are being developed according to new data sets available from satellite gravity missions and terrestrial/marine gravity data which are provided by different countries. Some countries do not provide all their available data and the global gravity models have many vague computational methods. Therefore, the models need to be evaluated locally before using. It is generally understood that the accuracy of global gravity models is enough for local (civil, mining, construction, etc.) projects, however, our results in Iran show that the differences between synthesized values and observation data reach up to ∼300 mGal for gravity anomalies and ∼2 m for geoid heights. Even by applying the residual topographical correction to synthetized gravity anomalies, the differences are still notable. The accuracy of global gravity models for predicting marine gravity anomalies is also investigated in Persian Gulf and the results show differences of ∼140 mGal in coastal areas. The results of evaluating selected global gravity models in Iran indicate that the EIGEN-6C4 achieves the lowest RMS for estimating the geoid heights. EGM08 predicts the closest results to terrestrial gravity anomalies. DIR-R5 GOCE satellite-only model estimates the low-frequency part of gravity field more accurately. The best prediction of marine gravity anomalies is also achieved by EGM08.
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Hippke, Michael. "Spaceflight from Super-Earths is difficult." International Journal of Astrobiology 18, no. 05 (2018): 393–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550418000198.

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AbstractMany rocky exoplanets are heavier and larger than the Earth and have higher surface gravity. This makes space-flight on these worlds very challenging because the required fuel mass for a given payload is an exponential function of planetary surface gravity, exp(g0). We find that chemical rockets still allow for escape velocities on Super-Earths up to 10× Earth mass. More massive rocky worlds, if they exist, would require other means to leave the planet, such as nuclear propulsion. This is relevant for space colonization and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
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Qiao, Dong, Hutao Cui, and Pingyuan Cui. "Evaluating Accessibility of near-Earth Asteroids Via Earth Gravity Assists." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 29, no. 2 (2006): 502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.16757.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Earth gravity"

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Rachel, Zammett Rachel Zammett. "Gravity Currents on Earth and Mars." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491681.

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In this thesis we ~nvestigate three problems in the earth sciences where gravity currents play an important role. In the first part we consider two types of terrestrial gravity current: kata- . batic winds and submarine turbidity currents. We derive and solve the classical Prandtl model for katabatic wind flow in which the vertical wind profile is resolved. We show that this model breaks down when the slope becomes small, and pose a~ improved model which removes this singularity. Solutions of the improved model are compared with observations and output from a numerical model. We then investigate two layer-averaged models that are used to describe the flow of submarine turbidity currents. We find that both models predict that in some circumstances 'ignition' can occur, in which the current velocity becomes unbounded. We show that the only way this phenomenon can be prevented is by a decrease in the underlying slope. In the second part, we consider the unusual morphology of the Martian north polar ice cap. We use a model for the sublimation kinetics at the ice-atmosphere interface and include an explicit description of dust, both suspended in the atmosphere and frozen within the ice cap. Thansport of dust and ice are then included, and the model is investigated analytically and numerically. We find that this model can have multiple steady states, and that troughs may form during a transition between steady states. In this model, such a transition may be caused by obliquity-induced climate change.
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Rothleitner, Christian. "Ultra-high precision, absolute, earth gravity measurements." kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.opus.ub.uni-erlangen.de/opus/volltexte/2008/994/.

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Wu, Lichuan. "Introducing Surface Gravity Waves into Earth System Models." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314760.

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Surface gravity waves alter the turbulence of the bottom atmosphere and the upper ocean. Accordingly, they can affect momentum flux, heat fluxes, gas exchange and atmospheric mixing. However, in most state-of-the-art Earth System Models (ESMs), surface wave influences are not fully considered or even included. Here, applying surface wave influences into ESMs is investigated from different aspects. Tuning parameterisations for including instantaneous wave influences has difficulties to capture wave influences. Increasing the horizontal resolution of models intensifies storm simulations for both atmosphere-wave coupled (considering the influence of instantaneous wave-induced stress) and stand-alone atmospheric models. However, coupled models are more sensitive to the horizontal resolution than stand-alone atmospheric models. Under high winds, wave states have a big impact on the sea spray generation. Introducing a wave-state-dependent sea spray generation function and Charnock coefficient into a wind stress parameterisation improves the model performance concerning wind speed (intensifies storms). Adding sea spray impact on heat fluxes improves the simulation results of air temperature. Adding sea spray impact both on the wind stress and heat fluxes results in better model performance on wind speed and air temperature while compared to adding only one wave influence. Swell impact on atmospheric turbulence closure schemes should be taken into account through three terms: the atmospheric mixing length scale, the swell-induced momentum flux at the surface, and the profile of swell-induced momentum flux. Introducing the swell impact on the three terms into turbulence closure schemes shows a better performance than introducing only one of the influences. Considering all surface wave impacts on the upper-ocean turbulence (wave breaking, Stokes drift interaction with the Coriolis force, Langmuir circulation, and stirring by non-breaking waves), rather than just one effect, significantly improves model performance. The non-breaking-wave-induced mixing and Langmuir circulation are the most important terms when considering the impact of waves on upper-ocean mixing. Accurate climate simulations from ESMs are very important references for social and biological systems to adapt the climate change. Comparing simulation results with measurements shows that adding surface wave influences improves model performance. Thus, an accurate description of all important wave impact processes should be correctly represented in ESMs, which are important tools to describe climate and weather. Reducing the uncertainties of simulation results from ESMs through introducing surface gravity wave influences is necessary.
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Joodaki, Gholamreza. "Earth Mass Change Tracking Using GRACE Satellite Gravity Data." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bygg, anlegg og transport, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23969.

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This project is dealing with the estimation of present-day Earth’s mass transport and its redistribution by using observations from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission. GRACE measures the gravity fluctuations which are primarily related to redistribution of water around the globe. GRACE data has yield profound new insights into melting rates of ice sheets and mountain glaciers, land hydrology, ocean circulation, and sea level rise. In this project, first, the ice melting rate in the Greenlandic ice sheet is studied. This is done by analyzing the time series of monthly GRACE release 04 gravity field solutions from three different data sets, CSR (Center for Space Research), GFZ (Geoforschungszentrum), and JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) with respect to their long-term temporal changes. The data are de-striped by applying a non-isotropic filter. Also, a method for reducing the leakage effects is developed. As an example, the ice mass balance is estimated of -163 ± 20 Gt/yr based on the CSR release 04 and smoothing by a parameter of a =1013 during April 2002 to February 2010. The results also show that the spatial distribution of the ice mass loss is changing with time and the ice mass loss is accelerating. For example, its acceleration is a rate of -32±6 Gt/yr2 during 2002 to 2011. The second part of this project is concern with the determination of water mass changes in the Nordic Seas. It is determined by analyzing the time series of monthly GRACE level 2 release 04 data from GFZ during October 2002 to October 2010. The striping errors are reduced by using a non-isotropic filter and the data are smoothed by a parameter of a =1014 according to Gaussian smoothing radius of 530 km. The time series of water mass changes are used to study the steric sea height variations over the Nordic Seas during the same period of study. This is done by analyzing the time series of monthly sea level anomaly from ENVISAT (Environmental Satellite) altimetry data, cycles 10 to 93, among the time series of water mass changes. The results show that the interdisciplinary nature of the GRACE measurements have opened up the unique opportunity to enhance our knowledge on the interaction between Earth system components and their response to climate variability. In the last part of this project, variations of the continental total water storage, total groundwater storage, and anthropogenic contributions across the Middle East are studied. By using a mascon analysis method and GRACE level 2 release 05 data from CSR during February 2003 to December 2012, the time series of total water storage, total ground water storage and anthropogenic contributions are estimated over this region. The region is subdivided to seven mascons including Iran, Iraq, Syria, eastern Turkey (east of 35º longitude), northern and southern Saudi Arabia (north and south of 25º latitude), and the region immediately west of Caspian Sea. The total groundwater storage, and anthropogenic contributions are separated from the total water storage by using the CLM4.5 (version 4.5 of the Community Land Model) hydrological model. The results show that Iran with a rate of 25±6 Gt/yr has the most groundwater loss rate during February 2003 to December 2012 in this region. The Iran’s rate of groundwater loss from the GRACE data is supported by an analysis of in situ well data from across Iran. The results also show that the GRACE mission is able to monitor monthly water storage changes within river basins and aquifers that are 200,000 km2 or larger in area, and, can contribute to water management at regional and national scales, and to international policy discussions as well.<br><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>
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Anjasmara, Ira Mutiara. "Validating methods to infer mass changes from satellite gravity measurements using Synthetic Earth Gravity Modelling." Thesis, Curtin University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2379.

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Leakage properties of isotropic and anisotropic filters used to recover mass changes from space gravity observations are studied. These are done through the use of gravity induced by simulated mass changes within a closed-loop validation procedure. Results show that the use of filter techniques can introduce significant errors introducing distortions between recovered and simulated mass. Previously not well known, the study revealed that leakage is dependent on the geographic location if the mass change considered.
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Huang, Ou. "Terrain Corrections for Gravity Gradiometry." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339698991.

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Regalado, Levi R. "Finite element analyses of gravity earth retaining structures founded on soil." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40142.

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Fellner, Johannes Josef. "Numerical study on orthometric heights using a synthetic Earth gravity model." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1047.

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The fundamental problem of orthometric heights is that the mean gravity value cannot be determined due to the lack of precise topographical mass information. This thesis employs a global synthetic Earth gravity model, based on known and simulated global masses, in order to circumvent this problem. Applying forward gravity modelling techniques, the behaviour of gravity inside the topography as well as orthometric heights are studied in detail.
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Krishnamurthy, Venkataramanaiah. "The slow manifold and the persisting gravity waves." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54304.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1985.<br>Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science.<br>Bibliography: leaves 144-146.<br>by Venkataramanaiah Krishnamurthy.<br>Ph.D.
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Morgen, Brian A. "Virginia Gravity Flow Winery: A Transformative Journey." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83895.

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This thesis is embodied by the design of a new gravity flow winery on the eastern slopes of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Northern Virginia. The 100 acre site is home to an existing winery with grape vines aged over a decade. From its initial inception, this thesis has been in part a response to the rapidly growing wine industry in Virginia and the typical ad hoc architecture associated with the wineries serving the state. The swelling interest in the culture of wine has sparked an evolution of the role of wineries. The winery of today is both an establishment for the production of wine as well as a venue for the enjoyment of its product and the delight of its natural setting. Creating a dialogue between site and visitor via thoughtful engagement of earth, air and sky is key for establishing a sense of place. The winery at the heart of this thesis is the quintessence of these ideals. The architecture of this winery embraces the steps of gravity flow winemaking, which aims to preserve the integrity of the grapes by utilizing gravity instead of electric pumps. The design seeks to make these steps perceivable and understandable, taking a visitor from the wind swept heights of the mountainside to the cool air of the winery's subterranean vaults and back again. From vine to glass and from layperson to student of wine, this shared journey engenders a transformation of both grape and visitor.<br>Master of Architecture
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Books on the topic "Earth gravity"

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Milsom, John. The Hunt for Earth Gravity. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74959-4.

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Mertikas, Stelios P., ed. Gravity, Geoid and Earth Observation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10634-7.

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Burša, Milan. Gravity field and dynamics of the Earth. Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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Beutler, G., M. R. Drinkwater, R. Rummel, and R. Von Steiger, eds. Earth Gravity Field from Space — From Sensors to Earth Sciences. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1333-7.

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Burša, Milan, and Karel Pěč. Gravity Field and Dynamics of the Earth. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52061-7.

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What Holds Us to Earth?: A Look at Gravity. Lerner Publications Co., 2011.

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Satoshi, Miura, and Imamura Fumihiko 1961-, eds. Sokuchi, tsunami. Kyōritsu Shuppan, 2013.

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Roberts, Carter W. High-precision gravity stations for monitoring vertical crustal motion in southern California. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1986.

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Roberts, Carter W. High-precision gravity stations for monitoring vertical crustal motion in southern California. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1986.

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Bürki, Beat. Integrale Schwerefeldbestimmung in der Ivrea-Zone und deren geophysikalische Interpretation. Schweizerische Geodätische Kommission, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Earth gravity"

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Kragh, Helge. "The Expanding Earth." In Varying Gravity. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24379-5_3.

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Phillips, Robert W. "Living Away from Earth." In Grappling with Gravity. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6899-9_10.

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Jekeli, Christopher. "Gravity, Gradiometry." In Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_80-1.

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Jekeli, Christopher. "Gravity, Gradiometry." In Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8702-7_80.

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Jekeli, Christopher. "Gravity, Gradiometry." In Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58631-7_80.

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Jekeli, C., K. Erkan, and O. Huang. "Gravity vs Pseudo-Gravity: A Comparison Based on Magnetic and Gravity Gradient Measurements." In Gravity, Geoid and Earth Observation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10634-7_17.

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Götze, Hans-Jürgen. "International Gravity Formula." In Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_102-1.

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Meyer, Uwe. "Gravity Method, Airborne." In Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_179-1.

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Pavlis, Nikolaos K. "Gravity, Global Models." In Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_76-1.

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Kaban, Mikhail K. "Gravity Anomalies, Interpretation." In Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_88-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Earth gravity"

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LaFehr, Thomas R. "Gravity corrections for earth curvature." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1990. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1890292.

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Erfeng, Zhao, Jiang Yufeng, and Gu Yanling. "Multi Scale Information Fusion Predicating Model of Gravity Dam Deformation." In Earth and Space 2014. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479179.058.

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Al Hagrey, S. A., D. Köhn, and W. Rabbel. "Feasibility Study of Applying Geoelectric and Gravity Techniques for CAES Reservoir Monitoring." In Sustainable Earth Sciences 2013. EAGE Publications BV, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20131622.

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Anderson, Peter L., Robert A. Gladstone, and James L. Withiam. "Coherent Gravity: The Correct Design Method for Steel-Reinforced MSE Walls." In Earth Retention Conference (ER) 2010. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41128(384)51.

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Ghose, K., and H. R. Shea. "A Micromachined Earth Sensor Based on Measuring the Gravity Gradient Torque." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12762.

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We present the fabrication and testing of a novel MEMS inertial sensor that directly measures the gravity gradient in low Earth orbit in order to sense the relative orientation of a satellite with respect to the Earth. Instead of the current Earth sensing methods that determine the Earth vector by sensing the Earth’s IR emission, we present a much lighter and more compact MEMS-based approach that determine the Earth vector by measuring the Gravity Gradient Torque on an elongated silicon proof mass. Current Earth sensors require optical access on multiple faces of the satellite. This MEMS-based approach does not require optical access.
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Nicklaus, K., M. Herding, N. Beller, et al. "High stability laser for interferometric earth gravity measurements." In International Conference on Space Optics 2016, edited by Nikos Karafolas, Bruno Cugny, and Zoran Sodnik. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2296095.

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Both, J. W., S. E. Gasda, I. Aavatsmark, and R. Kaufmann. "Gravity-driven Convective Mixing of CO2 in Oil." In The Third Sustainable Earth Sciences Conference and Exhibition. EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201414266.

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Sarigul-Klijn, Marti, Nesrin Sarigul-Klijn, Gary Hudson, et al. "Gravity Air Launching of Earth-to-Orbit Space Vehicles." In Space 2006. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-7256.

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I. V., Balakireva, Blinov I. Yu., and Khatirev N. P. "Optical WGM Resonator Sensor of Earth Gravity Acceleration Inhomogeneities." In 2021 Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eftf/ifcs52194.2021.9604305.

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Xiao, F. "Non-linear filter for regional-residual separation of gravity anomalies." In International Conference on Earth Science and Environmental Protection (ICESEP2013). WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/icesep130041.

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Reports on the topic "Earth gravity"

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Hagan, J. C. Reentry response of the light weight radioisotope heater unit resulting from a Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist maneuver accident. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6520642.

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Massotti, Luca, Günther March, and Ilias Daras. Next Generation Gravity Mission as a Mass-change And Geosciences International Constellation (MAGIC) Mission Requirements Document. Edited by Roger Haagmans and Lucia Tsaoussi. European Space Agency, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa.nasa.magic-mrd.2020.

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MAGIC is the joint NASA/ESA constellation concept based on NASA’s Mass Change Designated Observable (MCDO) and ESA’s Next Generation Gravity Missions (NGGM) studies. The main objective of MAGIC is to extend the mass transport time series of previous gravity missions such as GRACE and GRACE-FO with significantly enhanced accuracy, spatial and temporal resolutions and to demonstrate the operational capabilities of MAGIC with the goal of answering global user community needs to the greatest possible extent. This document defines unambiguous and traceable requirements for preparing and developing MAGIC. The scope of the MAGIC Mission Requirement Document includes end-to-end Earth observation system including user/scientific requirements, mission operations, data product development and processing, data distribution and data archiving. The intention of the document is also to accommodate results from NASA MCDO study, ESA Phase-0 NGGM and other national studies on future gravity missions. The MAGIC MRD is a NASA/ESA reference document frozen in its current version 1.0 that defines the mission requirements achievable by an optimised two-pair Bender-type constellation of a future implementation. Subsequent ESA and NASA official documents of updated implementation baseline will be traceable to the MAGIC MRD.
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Tao, Yang, Amos Mizrach, Victor Alchanatis, Nachshon Shamir, and Tom Porter. Automated imaging broiler chicksexing for gender-specific and efficient production. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594391.bard.

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Extending the previous two years of research results (Mizarch, et al, 2012, Tao, 2011, 2012), the third year’s efforts in both Maryland and Israel were directed towards the engineering of the system. The activities included the robust chick handling and its conveyor system development, optical system improvement, online dynamic motion imaging of chicks, multi-image sequence optimal feather extraction and detection, and pattern recognition. Mechanical System Engineering The third model of the mechanical chick handling system with high-speed imaging system was built as shown in Fig. 1. This system has the improved chick holding cups and motion mechanisms that enable chicks to open wings through the view section. The mechanical system has achieved the speed of 4 chicks per second which exceeds the design specs of 3 chicks per second. In the center of the conveyor, a high-speed camera with UV sensitive optical system, shown in Fig.2, was installed that captures chick images at multiple frames (45 images and system selectable) when the chick passing through the view area. Through intensive discussions and efforts, the PIs of Maryland and ARO have created the protocol of joint hardware and software that uses sequential images of chick in its fall motion to capture opening wings and extract the optimal opening positions. This approached enables the reliable feather feature extraction in dynamic motion and pattern recognition. Improving of Chick Wing Deployment The mechanical system for chick conveying and especially the section that cause chicks to deploy their wings wide open under the fast video camera and the UV light was investigated along the third study year. As a natural behavior, chicks tend to deploy their wings as a mean of balancing their body when a sudden change in the vertical movement was applied. In the latest two years, this was achieved by causing the chicks to move in a free fall, in the earth gravity (g) along short vertical distance. The chicks have always tended to deploy their wing but not always in wide horizontal open situation. Such position is requested in order to get successful image under the video camera. Besides, the cells with checks bumped suddenly at the end of the free falling path. That caused the chicks legs to collapse inside the cells and the image of wing become bluer. For improving the movement and preventing the chick legs from collapsing, a slowing down mechanism was design and tested. This was done by installing of plastic block, that was printed in a predesign variable slope (Fig. 3) at the end of the path of falling cells (Fig.4). The cells are moving down in variable velocity according the block slope and achieve zero velocity at the end of the path. The slop was design in a way that the deacceleration become 0.8g instead the free fall gravity (g) without presence of the block. The tests showed better deployment and wider chick's wing opening as well as better balance along the movement. Design of additional sizes of block slops is under investigation. Slops that create accelerations of 0.7g, 0.9g, and variable accelerations are designed for improving movement path and images.
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4

de Caritat, Patrice, Brent McInnes, and Stephen Rowins. Towards a heavy mineral map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.031.

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Heavy minerals (HMs) are minerals with a specific gravity greater than 2.9 g/cm3. They are commonly highly resistant to physical and chemical weathering, and therefore persist in sediments as lasting indicators of the (former) presence of the rocks they formed in. The presence/absence of certain HMs, their associations with other HMs, their concentration levels, and the geochemical patterns they form in maps or 3D models can be indicative of geological processes that contributed to their formation. Furthermore trace element and isotopic analyses of HMs have been used to vector to mineralisation or constrain timing of geological processes. The positive role of HMs in mineral exploration is well established in other countries, but comparatively little understood in Australia. Here we present the results of a pilot project that was designed to establish, test and assess a workflow to produce a HM map (or atlas of maps) and dataset for Australia. This would represent a critical step in the ability to detect anomalous HM patterns as it would establish the background HM characteristics (i.e., unrelated to mineralisation). Further the extremely rich dataset produced would be a valuable input into any future machine learning/big data-based prospectivity analysis. The pilot project consisted in selecting ten sites from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) and separating and analysing the HM contents from the 75-430 µm grain-size fraction of the top (0-10 cm depth) sediment samples. A workflow was established and tested based on the density separation of the HM-rich phase by combining a shake table and the use of dense liquids. The automated mineralogy quantification was performed on a TESCAN® Integrated Mineral Analyser (TIMA) that identified and mapped thousands of grains in a matter of minutes for each sample. The results indicated that: (1) the NGSA samples are appropriate for HM analysis; (2) over 40 HMs were effectively identified and quantified using TIMA automated quantitative mineralogy; (3) the resultant HMs’ mineralogy is consistent with the samples’ bulk geochemistry and regional geological setting; and (4) the HM makeup of the NGSA samples varied across the country, as shown by the mineral mounts and preliminary maps. Based on these observations, HM mapping of the continent using NGSA samples will likely result in coherent and interpretable geological patterns relating to bedrock lithology, metamorphic grade, degree of alteration and mineralisation. It could assist in geological investigations especially where outcrop is minimal, challenging to correctly attribute due to extensive weathering, or simply difficult to access. It is believed that a continental-scale HM atlas for Australia could assist in derisking mineral exploration and lead to investment, e.g., via tenement uptake, exploration, discovery and ultimately exploitation. As some HMs are hosts for technology critical elements such as rare earth elements, their systematic and internally consistent quantification and mapping could lead to resource discovery essential for a more sustainable, lower-carbon economy.
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5

Reentry response of the lightweight radioisotope heater unit resulting from a Cassini Venus-Venus-Earth-Jupiter gravity assist maneuver accident. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/610273.

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