Journal articles: 'Earth gravity'

1

Oja, T., A. Ellmann, and S. Märdla. "Gravity anomaly field over Estonia." Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 68, no. 2 (2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/earth.2019.06.

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Karušs, J., and V. Zandersons. "Gravity-derived Moho map for Latvia." Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 69, no. 4 (2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/earth.2020.19.

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Bozarov, Dilmurod Mirzarasulovich. "PULSARS ON EARTH." Oriental Journal of Social Sciences 01, no. 01 (2021): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-ojss-01-02.

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In this article, Stephen Hawking is one of the founders of quantum cosmology, research area is cosmology and quantum gravity, to make scientific comparisons, he tried to relate events on Earth to the universe. In article substantiated that Hawking had discussions with many scientists and from a scientific point of view of his research activities.

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Sh. Ahmed, Fawzi. "Gravity Data Reinterpretation of Ba'shiqa Anticline, Northern Iraq." Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences 9, no. 1 (2009): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/earth.2009.40572.

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Manik, Charla Tri Selda. "Tool Demonstration Lamp Gravity (Gravity Lights)." Journal of Science Technology (JoSTec) 1, no. 1 (2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55299/jostec.v1i1.47.

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Petromax lamps have many disadvantages such as kerosene which is increasingly expensive and limited. Petromax lamps also produce pollution in the form of smoke produced which can cause disease. The danger of the petromax lamp is that it can cause a fire if there is negligence. But it is undeniable, people really need lighting from lights, especially at night. Therefore, an alternative plan is needed that can replace the petromax lamp by using other available energy sources. A lamp design using renewable energy that can be used throughout the day without the slightest cost in its use. One of the renewable energies available on earth that can be used to replace petromax lamps is energy that comes from the gravitational force of the earth. Due to the lack of knowledge about the use of gravity as renewable energy, a learning tool is needed that can be used especially by electrical engineering students to better understand the concept of gravity which is applied to a visual aid in the form of a gravity lamp.

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S. Ahmed, Fawzi, and Marwan Mutib. "Gravity Study to the Northwest of Kirkuk Oil Field." Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences 5, no. 1 (2005): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/earth.2005.36642.

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Ellmann, A., T. All, and T. Oja. "Towards unification of terrestrial gravity data sets in Estonia." Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 58, no. 4 (2009): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/earth.2009.4.02.

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FOROUGHI, Ismael, Yosra AFRASTEH, Sabah RAMOUZ, and Abdolreza SAFARI. "LOCAL EVALUATION OF EARTH GRAVITATIONAL MODELS, CASE STUDY: IRAN." Geodesy and cartography 43, no. 1 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2017.1299839.

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Global gravity models are being developed according to new data sets available from satellite gravity missions and terrestrial/marine gravity data which are provided by different countries. Some countries do not provide all their available data and the global gravity models have many vague computational methods. Therefore, the models need to be evaluated locally before using. It is generally understood that the accuracy of global gravity models is enough for local (civil, mining, construction, etc.) projects, however, our results in Iran show that the differences between synthesized values and observation data reach up to ∼300 mGal for gravity anomalies and ∼2 m for geoid heights. Even by applying the residual topographical correction to synthetized gravity anomalies, the differences are still notable. The accuracy of global gravity models for predicting marine gravity anomalies is also investigated in Persian Gulf and the results show differences of ∼140 mGal in coastal areas. The results of evaluating selected global gravity models in Iran indicate that the EIGEN-6C4 achieves the lowest RMS for estimating the geoid heights. EGM08 predicts the closest results to terrestrial gravity anomalies. DIR-R5 GOCE satellite-only model estimates the low-frequency part of gravity field more accurately. The best prediction of marine gravity anomalies is also achieved by EGM08.

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Hippke, Michael. "Spaceflight from Super-Earths is difficult." International Journal of Astrobiology 18, no. 05 (2018): 393–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550418000198.

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AbstractMany rocky exoplanets are heavier and larger than the Earth and have higher surface gravity. This makes space-flight on these worlds very challenging because the required fuel mass for a given payload is an exponential function of planetary surface gravity, exp(g0). We find that chemical rockets still allow for escape velocities on Super-Earths up to 10× Earth mass. More massive rocky worlds, if they exist, would require other means to leave the planet, such as nuclear propulsion. This is relevant for space colonization and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

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Qiao, Dong, Hutao Cui, and Pingyuan Cui. "Evaluating Accessibility of near-Earth Asteroids Via Earth Gravity Assists." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 29, no. 2 (2006): 502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.16757.

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Torok, Agoston, Maria Gallagher, Camille Lasbareilles, and Elisa Raffaella Ferrè. "Getting ready for Mars: How the brain perceives new simulated gravitational environments." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 9 (2019): 2342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021819839962.

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On Earth, we are continually exposed to gravity: sensory signals are constantly integrated to form an internal model of gravity. However, it is unclear whether this internal model is fixed to Earth’s gravity or whether it can be applied to a new gravitational environment. Under terrestrial gravity, observers show a “gravitational bias” while judging the speed of falling versus rising objects, as they comply with the physical laws of gravity. We investigated whether this gravitational bias may be present when judging the speed of objects moving upwards or downwards in both virtual reality (VR)-simulated Earth gravity (9.81 m/s2) and Mars gravity (3.71 m/s2). Our results highlighted a gravitational bias in both Earth and Mars VR-simulated gravity: the speed of downwards movement was more precisely detected than the speed of upwards movement. Although the internal model of gravity has been built up under terrestrial gravity, it can quickly expand to novel non-terrestrial gravitational environments.

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Van Zanten, Leonard. "Law of gravity." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 16, no. 1 (2019): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v16i1.8164.

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This essay introduces a realistic look at our laws of gravity, and the effects thereof, and it goes beyond to reveal how and by what gravity comes about in the fundamentals of nature upon which the earth and all spheres rest.

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Philatov, Vladimir, Lubov Boltnova, and Ksenya Vandysheva. "Generalization of study experience of Ural ore deposits by method of tectonophysical analysis gravitational field." E3S Web of Conferences 177 (2020): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017702001.

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Gravity is important in the history of Earth 's formation and evolution. Gravitational accretion, gravitational differentiation of Earth matter by density. Gravitational accretion, gravity differentiation of the Earth 's substance in density, its movement and other processes deform the Earth 's crust, contribute to the formation in it of different scale, shape and metallogenical specialization of plicative and disjunctive structures, with which genetically and spatially related deposits of different minerals. The link between gravity and deformation of the geological medium is its density inhomogeneities. Their role is twofold: they are either formed by gravity stresses or are themselves sources of stress and strain. The method of studying the deformation of the geological medium by gravity is called tectonophysical analysis of the gravitational field. Its physical basis is two fundamental laws: the law of world gravity and the law on proportional dependence between stress and deformation. This method solves two problems.

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Apeh, O. I., E. C. Moka, and V. N. Uzodinma. "Evaluation of Gravity Data Derived from Global Gravity Field Models Using Terrestrial Gravity Data in Enugu State, Nigeria." Journal of Geodetic Science 8, no. 1 (2018): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2018-0015.

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Abstract Spherical harmonic expansion is a commonly applied mathematical representation of the earth’s gravity field. This representation is implied by the potential coeffcients determined by using elements/parameters of the field observed on the surface of the earth and/or in space outside the earth in the spherical harmonic expansion of the field. International Centre for Gravity Earth Models (ICGEM) publishes, from time to time, Global Gravity Field Models (GGMs) that have been developed. These GGMs need evaluation with terrestrial data of different locations to ascertain their accuracy for application in those locations. In this study, Bouguer gravity anomalies derived from a total of eleven (11) recent GGMs, using sixty sample points, were evaluated by means of Root-Mean-Square difference and correlation coeficient. The Root-Mean-Square differences of the computed Bouguer anomalies from ICGEMwebsite compared to their positionally corresponding terrestrial Bouguer anomalies range from 9.530mgal to 37.113mgal. Additionally, the correlation coe_cients of the structure of the signal of the terrestrial and GGM-derived Bouguer anomalies range from 0.480 to 0.879. It was observed that GECO derived Bouguer gravity anomalies have the best signal structure relationship with the terrestrial data than the other ten GGMs. We also discovered that EIGEN-6C4 and GECO derived Bouguer anomalies have enormous potential to be used as supplements to the terrestrial Bouguer anomalies for Enugu State, Nigeria.

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Zhou, Gui Fen, Guang Ming Chen, Rui Zhang, Shu Cai Xu, and Jian Qiao Li. "Numerical Study of Low Gravity Effect on the Pressure-Sinkage Characteristics of Soft Soil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 101-102 (September 2011): 488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.101-102.488.

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The adhesion and the compressibility of the soft soil will vary as the earth gravity changes. In this study, the pressure-sinkage characteristics in low gravity conditions were investigated by three-dimensional Discrete Element Method (DEM). The data of the DEM parameters were obtained by analyzing the pressure-sinkage relationship embedded in laboratory testing data. The pressure-sinkage experiments of the sample soil in different gravities were simulated by using the software PFC3D. Using the Bekker formula, the values of pressure-sinkage parameters were obtained. The results show that, when the earth gravity changes from one sixth of the standard earth gravity to the standard earth gravity, the sinkage exponent increases lineally. The cohesive module of deformation increases along the conic trend. The low gravities have a sensitive affect on the data of the frictional module of deformation, and the data distribute beside a line. The change laws of the pressure-sinkage parameters provide instructions for the optimization design of vehicles working in low gravity field planet.

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Eshagh, Mehdi. "An integral approach to regional gravity field refinement using earth gravity models." Journal of Geodynamics 68 (August 2013): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2013.03.001.

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Paik, Ho. "Geodesy and Gravity Experiment in Earth Orbit Using a Superconducting Gravity Gradiometer." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing GE-23, no. 4 (1985): 524–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.1985.289444.

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Casalino, Lorenzo, Guido Colasurdo, and Dario Pastrone. "Optimization of ? V Earth-Gravity-Assist Trajectories." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 21, no. 6 (1998): 991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.4336.

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19

Hinderer, Jacques, Hilaire Legros, and David Crossley. "Global Earth dynamics and induced gravity changes." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 96, B12 (1991): 20257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91jb00423.

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Younis, Ghadi. "Local earth gravity/potential modeling using ASCH." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 8, no. 10 (2015): 8681–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1767-2.

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21

Bakeer, R. M., and S. K. Bhatia. "Earth pressure behind a gravity retaining wall." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 13, no. 6 (1989): 665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610130607.

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Sansò, Fernando, and Riccardo Barzaghi. "Foreword: Earth’s gravity field and Earth sciences." Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali 31, S1 (2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12210-020-00961-3.

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LI, GUANGYU, and HAIBIN ZHAO. "CONSTRAINT ON INTERMEDIATE-RANGE GRAVITY FROM EARTH–SATELLITE AND LUNAR ORBITER MEASUREMENTS, AND LUNAR LASER RANGING." International Journal of Modern Physics D 14, no. 10 (2005): 1657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271805007176.

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In the experimental tests of gravity, there have been considerable interests in the possibility of intermediate-range gravity. In this paper, we use the earth–satellite measurement of earth gravity, the lunar orbiter measurement of lunar gravity, and lunar laser ranging measurement to constrain the intermediate-range gravity from λ = 1.2 × 107 m –3.8 × 108 m . The limits for this range are α = 10-8–5 × 10-8, which improve previous limits by about one order of magnitude in the range λ = 1.2 × 107 m –3.8 × 108 m .

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Papini, Giorgio. "Long-range order in gravity." International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, no. 08 (2019): 1950099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819500998.

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Gravity-induced condensation takes the form of momentum alignment in an ensemble of identical particles. Use is made of a one-dimensional Ising model to calculate the alignment per particle and the correlation length as a function of the temperature. These parameters indicate that momentum alignment is possible in the proximity of some astrophysical objects and in Earth, or near Earth laboratories. Momenta oscillations behave as known spin oscillations and obey identical dispersion relations.

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Huang, Jiang, Wei Zhong, and Cong Yu. "Effects of Self-gravity on Mass-loss of the Post-impact Super-Earths." Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 22, no. 4 (2022): 045004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/ac501d.

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Abstract Kepler’s observations show most of the exoplanets are super-Earths. The formation of a super-Earth is generally related to the atmospheric mass loss that is crucial in the planetary structure and evolution. The shock driven by the giant impact will heat the planet, resulting in the atmosphere escape. We focus on whether self-gravity changes the efficiency of mass loss. Without self-gravity, if the impactor mass is comparable to the envelope mass, there is a significant mass-loss. The radiative-convective boundary will shift inward by self-gravity. As the temperature and envelope mass increase, the situation becomes more prominent, resulting in a heavier envelope. Therefore, the impactor mass will increase to motivate the significant mass loss, as the self-gravity is included. With the increase of envelope mass, the self-gravity is particularly important.

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PENG, HUI. "GROUND-BASED EXPERIMENTS TO DETECT GRAVITO-MAGNETIC FORCE." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 23 (January 2013): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194513011161.

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Based on Maxwell-type linearized Einstein Eqs of gravity, new ground-base torsion balance experiments are proposed to detect gravito-magnetic forces due to the rotation of the Earth. An optic system is employed to enlarge the effects so that the predicted effects are measurable by the proposed ground-based experiments.

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DUMITRESCU, Horia, Vladimir CARDOS, and Radu BOGATEANU. "Gravitational waves on Earth and their warming effects." INCAS BULLETIN 13, no. 1 (2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2021.13.1.5.

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The gravity or reactive bundle energy is the outlet of the morphogenetic impact, known as “BIG BANG”, creating a bounded ordered/structured universe along with the solar system, including the EARTH-world with its human race. Post-impact, the huge kinetic energy is spread into stellar bodies associated with the light flux under strong mutual connections or gravitational bundle. Einstein’s general relativity theory including the gravitational field can be expressed under a condensed tensor formulation as E  R − Rg =  T where E defines the geometry via a curved space-time structure (R) over the gravity field (1/2Rg), embedded in a matter distribution T The fundamental (ten non-linear partial differential) equations of the gravitational field are a kind of the space-time machine using the curvature of a four-dimensional space-time to engender the gravity field carrying away material structures. Gravity according to the curved space-time theory is not seen as a gravitational force, but it manifests itself in the relativistic form of the space-time curvature needing the constancy of the light speed. But the constant light velocity makes the tidal wave/pulsating energy, a characteristic of solar energy, impossible. The Einstein’s field equation, expressed in terms of tensor formulation along with the constant light speed postulate, needs two special space-time tensors (curvature and torsion) in 4 dimensions, where for the simplicity the torsion/twist tensor is less well approximated (Bianchi identity) leading to a constant/frozen gravity (twist-free gravity).The non-zero torsion tensor plays a significant physical role in the planetary dynamics as a finest gear of a planet, where its spinning rotation is directly connected to the own work and space-time structure (or clock), controlled by light fluctuations (or tidal effect of gravity). The spin correction of Einstein’s gravitational field refers to the curvature-torsion effect coupled with fluctuating light speed. The mutual curvature-torsion bundle self-sustained by the quantum fluctuations of light speed engenders helical gravitational wave fields of a quantum nature where bodies orbit freely in the light speed field (cosmic wind). In contrast to the Einstein’s field equation describing a gravitational frozen field, a quantum tidal gravity model is proposed in the paper.

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Kirch, Klaus, and Kim Siang Khaw. "Testing antimatter gravity with muonium." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 30 (January 2014): 1460258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514602580.

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The debate about how antimatter or different antimatter systems behave gravitationally will be ultimately decided by experiments measuring directly the acceleration of various antimatter probes in the gravitational field of the Earth or perhaps redshift effects in antimatter atoms caused by the annual variation of the Sun's gravitational potential at the location of the Earth. Muonium atoms may be used to probe the gravitational interaction of leptonic, second generation antimatter. We discuss the progress of our work towards enabling such experiments with muonium.

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Rajulu, Sudhakar L., and Glenn K. Klute. "Biomechanical Analysis of Locomotion Patterns in Earth, Lunar, and Martian Gravity Environments." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 10 (1992): 724–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129203601018.

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The primary objectives of this study were to determine the factors that affect stability during locomotion in both lunar and martian gravity environments and to determine the criteria needed to enhance stability and traction. This study tested the effects of three different speeds of locomotion and three different patterns of locomotion under three gravity conditions. The results showed some similarities across gravity levels with regard to changing the speed as well as the pattern of locomotion. Interestingly, the study also showed that as the gravity level decreased, the ratio of horizontal to vertical forces increased significantly. It appears that the tendency to move forward will be more in reduced gravity than compared to earth gravity. Thus, to ensure safe locomotion in reduced gravity, additional traction might be needed. Finally, selection of an appropriate traction material surface should be based on how well the ratio of horizontal to vertical forces is reduced.

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Gimsa, Andreas. "The proof of instantaneous gravitation." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 10 (2022): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i10.aa01.

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According to Newton, the changes in the gravitational field propagate instantaneously. If we examine the earth on its orbit around the sun and assume a light-fast effect of the gravitation, the following situation would occur: Through the sun, a force would not act directly on the earth's center of gravity, but on the point where the earth's center of gravity was 8 minutes ago, and through the earth, a force would not act directly on the sun's center of gravity, but on the point where the sun's center of gravity was 8 minutes ago. This time delay would cause the Sun-Earth distance to build up and the Earth to leave orbit. We would be dealing with unstable orbits of orbiting masses in space. However, this is not observed. It is to be proved that the gravity with 1. the constant product of mass and time duration which passes on it, 2. the time dilation, and 3. the permanent enlargement of stable orbits can be described exactly by the Newton's basic law. Newton would continue to apply and describe gravity physically correct in accordance with observation. As a conclusion, there should be an instantaneous gravitational propagation.

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S. Ahmad, Fawzi, Marwan M. Ahmed, and Zuhair D. Al-shaikh. "An interpretation of the gravity data over demir dagh structure western Erbil –NE IRAQ." Iraqi National Journal of Earth Sciences 2, no. 1 (2002): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/earth.2002.43834.

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Jentschura, Ulrich D. "Antimatter Gravity: Second Quantization and Lagrangian Formalism." Physics 2, no. 3 (2020): 397–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics2030022.

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The application of the CPT (charge-conjugation, parity, and time reversal) theorem to an apple falling on Earth leads to the description of an anti-apple falling on anti–Earth (not on Earth). On the microscopic level, the Dirac equation in curved space-time simultaneously describes spin-1/2 particles and their antiparticles coupled to the same curved space-time metric (e.g., the metric describing the gravitational field of the Earth). On the macroscopic level, the electromagnetically and gravitationally coupled Dirac equation therefore describes apples and anti-apples, falling on Earth, simultaneously. A particle-to-antiparticle transformation of the gravitationally coupled Dirac equation therefore yields information on the behavior of “anti-apples on Earth”. However, the problem is exacerbated by the fact that the operation of charge conjugation is much more complicated in curved, as opposed to flat, space-time. Our treatment is based on second-quantized field operators and uses the Lagrangian formalism. As an additional helpful result, prerequisite to our calculations, we establish the general form of the Dirac adjoint in curved space-time. On the basis of a theorem, we refute the existence of tiny, but potentially important, particle-antiparticle symmetry breaking terms in which possible existence has been investigated in the literature. Consequences for antimatter gravity experiments are discussed.

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WANG, Zheng-Tao, Jian-Cheng LI, Wei-Ping JIANG, and Ding-Bo CHAO. "Determination of Earth Gravity Field Model WHU-GM-05 Using Grace Gravity Data." Chinese Journal of Geophysics 51, no. 5 (2008): 967–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjg2.1291.

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Atkinson, Peter M., and Samuel Nlend. "Aether dynamics: A theory of gravity." Physics Essays 35, no. 1 (2022): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-35.1.42.

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This paper proposes a new theory of gravity based on aether destruction. In the case of the earth, aether is destroyed within the earth. Aether then accelerates into the earth in an attempt to keep the aether pressure in the earth constant. Any object caught in the accelerating aether flow will be accelerated in the direction of the accelerating aether flow. We suggest a mathematical model to demonstrate that there is a correlation between the aether acceleration and the force of gravity. The mathematical model assumes a porous-like atomic nucleus, in which the nucleons are fixed in position, and a fluid-like aether that can infiltrate between the nucleons but is excluded from their interiors. This theory of gravity assumes that the aether particle interactions are perfectly elastic, and aether can easily penetrate the nucleus of atoms, as they are not affected by electromagnetic or nuclear forces. The effect of gravity is almost entirely due to the fact that aether cannot penetrate the interior of nucleons. We offer a new model of the aether, which includes some new and important concepts that are essential to explain the cause and effect of gravity. The reason why all objects fall at the same speed is explained, and the possible causes for the destruction of the aether are discussed. Since the aether destruction is proportional to the mass of the earth and is, therefore, a cubic relationship, the effect of the accelerating aether flow (gravity) on an object caught in the accelerating aether flow depends on the surface area of the nucleons making up the object and is a square relationship, clarifying, thus, the dilemma cubic or square relationship.

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Rubincam, David Parry, B. Fong Chao, Kenneth H. Schatten, and William W. Sager. "Non-Newtonian gravity or gravity anomalies?" Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 69, no. 50 (1988): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/88eo01233.

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Adamopoulos, Konstantinos, Dimitrios Koutsouris, Apostolos Zaravinos, and George I. Lambrou. "Gravitational Influence on Human Living Systems and the Evolution of Species on Earth." Molecules 26, no. 9 (2021): 2784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092784.

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Gravity constituted the only constant environmental parameter, during the evolutionary period of living matter on Earth. However, whether gravity has affected the evolution of species, and its impact is still ongoing. The topic has not been investigated in depth, as this would require frequent and long-term experimentations in space or an environment of altered gravity. In addition, each organism should be studied throughout numerous generations to determine the profound biological changes in evolution. Here, we review the significant abnormalities presented in the cardiovascular, immune, vestibular and musculoskeletal systems, due to altered gravity conditions. We also review the impact that gravity played in the anatomy of snakes and amphibians, during their evolution. Overall, it appears that gravity does not only curve the space–time continuum but the biological continuum, as well.

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Atkinson, Peter M., and Samuel Nlend. "Aether destructive theory of gravity: Calculation of the aether pressure at the surface of the earth." Physics Essays 35, no. 3 (2022): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-35.3.252.

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The aether theory of gravity basically states that the gravity produced by a large object such as the earth is that aether is destroyed or modified within the earth. This results in a fall in aether pressure within the earth. Aether then accelerates into the earth from outer space in order to keep the aether pressure within the earth constant. The aether accelerating into the earth exerts a force on all objects caught in the accelerating aether flow. We have modified the existing theories of what aether is, and using these modifications and existing published figures on the structure of atomic nuclei, we have been able to calculate the aether pressure at the surface of the earth, as well as calculating the gravitational force per nucleon at the surface of the earth. We calculated the aether pressure at the surface of the earth as being 3311 N/m2 or 337.66 kg/m2. The gravitational force per nucleon is 1.627 × 10−26 N/nucleon. We present an entirely new way to calculate the gravitational force acting on an object at the surface of the earth based on the aether theory of gravity and aether dynamics. The force of gravity acting on an object (F) is the product of the aether pressure (P), the mass of object in grams (m), the effective surface area of a nucleon (Seff), and Avogadro’s number. The effective surface area is proportional to half of the surface area of a nucleon (S) multiplied by a factor (<graphic orientation="portrait" position="float" xlink:href="PEP-35-3-252-art0003-F003.jpg"/>). The factor necessary to modify the effective surface area was calculated using calculus. The fact that this equation, based on aether dynamics, actually works demonstrates that the aether theory of gravity may well be correct.

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Vashi, Aditya, Kamalalayam Rajan Sreejith, and Nam-Trung Nguyen. "Lab-On-a-Chip Technologies for Microgravity Simulation and Space Applications." Micromachines 14, no. 1 (2022): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14010116.

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Gravity plays an important role in the development of life on earth. The effect of gravity on living organisms can be investigated by controlling the magnitude of gravity. Most reduced gravity experiments are conducted on the Lower Earth Orbit (LEO) in the International Space Station (ISS). However, running experiments in ISS face challenges such as high cost, extreme condition, lack of direct accessibility, and long waiting period. Therefore, researchers have developed various ground-based devices and methods to perform reduced gravity experiments. However, the advantage of space conditions for developing new drugs, vaccines, and chemical applications requires more attention and new research. Advancements in conventional methods and the development of new methods are necessary to fulfil these demands. The advantages of Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) devices make them an attractive option for simulating microgravity. This paper briefly reviews the advancement of LOC technologies for simulating microgravity in an earth-based laboratory.

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Farquhar, Robert, David Dunham, and Jim McAdams. "Comment on "Evaluating Accessibility of Near-Earth Asteroids Via Earth Gravity Assists"." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 29, no. 6 (2006): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.g7750tc.

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Farquhar, Robert, David Dunham, and Jim McAdams. "Comment on �Evaluating Accessibility of Near-Earth Asteroids Via Earth Gravity Assists�." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 29, no. 6 (2006): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.24745.

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Beutler, G. "Earth Gravity Field from Space — from Sensors to Earth Sciences: Closing Remarks." Space Science Reviews 108, no. 1/2 (2003): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1026112400354.

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Beutler, G. "Earth Gravity Field from Space – From Sensors to Earth Sciences: Closing Remarks." Space Science Reviews 110, no. 3/4 (2004): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:spac.0000023450.96335.49.

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Eppelbaum, Lev V. "From Micro- to Satellite Gravity: Understanding the Earth." American Journal of Geographical Research and Reviews 2 (2018): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.28933/ajgrr-2017-12-0501.

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Soldati, G., A. Piersanti, and E. Boschi. "Global postseismic gravity changes of a viscoelastic Earth." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 103, B12 (1998): 29867–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98jb02793.

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Kaban, M. K., P. Schwintzer, and S. A. Tikhotsky. "A global isostatic gravity model of the Earth." Geophysical Journal International 136, no. 3 (1999): 519–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.1999.00731.x.

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McCONNELL, ANITA. "Instruments for the Earth sciences: 3-Gravity apparatus." Geology Today 6, no. 1 (1990): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2451.1990.tb00688.x.

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Mendes, Aysha. "Space and earth: how gravity affects treatment development." British Journal of Community Nursing 25, no. 10 (2020): 516–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2020.25.10.516.

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Wu, Wen-Jing, and M. G. Rochester. "Gravity and Slichter modes of the rotating Earth." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 87, no. 1-2 (1994): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(94)90027-2.

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Sun, Xiucong, Pei Chen, Christophe Macabiau, and Chao Han. "Low-Earth Orbit Determination from Gravity Gradient Measurements." Acta Astronautica 123 (June 2016): 350–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.03.012.

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Klotz, Alexander R. "The gravity tunnel in a non-uniform Earth." American Journal of Physics 83, no. 3 (2015): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4898780.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Earth gravity'

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