Relevant bibliographies by topics / Earthquake modeling

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Earthquake modeling'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Earthquake modeling"

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Menasri, A., M. Brahimi, R. Frank, and A. Bali. "ARMA Modeling of Artificial Accelerograms for Algeria." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.348.

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The main aim of this study is to examine on the real and simulated earthquakes effects. This paper deals with the use of ARMA models in earthquake engineering. The time-varying auto regressive moving average (ARMA) process is used as a simple yet efficient method for simulating earthquake ground motions. This model is capable of reproducing the nonstationary amplitude as well as the frequency content of the earthquake ground accelerations. The moving time-window technique is applied to synthesize the near field earthquakes, Chlef-1, Chlef-2, Chlef-3 and Attaf 1980 recorded on dense soils in Algeria. This model, is based on a low-order, time-invariant ARMA process excited by Gaussian white noise and amplitude modulated using a simple envelope function to account for the non-stationary characteristics. This simple model gives a reasonable fit to the observed ground motion. It is shown that the selected ARMA (2,1) model and the algorithm used for generating the accelerograms are able to preserve the features of the real earthquake records with different frequency content. In this evaluation, the linear and non linear responses of a given soil layer have been adopted. This study suggests the ability to characterize the earthquake by a minimum number of parameters.
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Charpentier, Arthur, and Marilou Durand. "Modeling earthquake dynamics." Journal of Seismology 19, no. 3 (April 16, 2015): 721–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10950-015-9489-9.

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Lin, Jeng Hsiang. "Time Series Modeling of Earthquake Ground Motions Using ARMA-GARCH Models." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.240.

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Engineers are well aware that, due to the stochastic nature of earthquake ground motion, the information obtained from structural response analysis using scant records is quite unreliable. Thus, providing earthquake models for specific sites or areas of research and practical implementation is essential. This paper presents a procedure for the modeling strong earthquake ground motion based on autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models. The Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model is used to simulate the time-varying characteristics of earthquakes.
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Xia, Wenjie. "Electrochemical Seismic Design and Artificial Intelligence System Modeling of High-Rise Steel Structure Buildings." Journal of Chemistry 2022 (June 13, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8693110.

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This study aims to improve the mechanical earthquake-resistance ability of high-rise buildings’ steel structures so that their safety performance is improved and their service life is prolonged. The simulation experiments on the response of the staggered truss steel structure are conducted in high-rise buildings to earthquake energy waves. First, MATLAB is used to build an experimental platform for earthquake-resistance evaluation of high-rise residential buildings. Through the high-rise building model training, it is found that the model meets the needs of the study. Second, the earthquake-resistance performance parameters, deformation recovery capacity, and dynamic response speed of the staggered truss steel structure are simulated and tested. After earthquake energy waves with different intensities are posed on the high-rise building model, the performance parameters of the staggered truss structure are tested, and the changes in the parameters of the structure are analyzed. Finally, the earthquake-resistance performance and post-earthquake recovery ability of the staggered truss structure are tested through comparative analysis. The results show that the interlayer displacement fluctuation of the staggered truss steel structure is the smallest, and the earthquake resistance performance is better than others under the energy waves of all kinds of earthquakes. Although its earthquake-resistance ability decreases with the duration of earthquakes, the reduction speed is slow. When the quake lasts 12 s, the resistance of the staggered truss structure is still greater than 2500 MPa. This study provides a reference for the staggered truss structure of high-rise buildings.
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Abbas, Intisar H., and Maysam Th Al-hadidi. "Effect of Halabjah Earthquake on Al-Wand Earth Dam: Numerical Analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 318 (2021): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131801016.

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The Halabja earthquake occurred on 12/11/2017 in Iraq, with a magnitude of 7.3 Mw, which happened in the Iraqi-Iranian borders. This earthquake killed and injured many people in the Kurdish region in the north of the country. There is no natural disaster more dangerous than earthquake, especially it occurs without warning, great attention must be paid to the impact of earthquakes on the soil and preparing for a wave of earthquakes. Numerical modeling using specific elements is considered a powerful tool to investigate the required behavior of structures in Geotechnical engineering, and the main objective of this is to assess the response of the Al-Wand dam to the Halabja earthquake, as this dam is located in an area that has been subjected to seismic activity recently. The modeling was done through the Geo-studio program, where the seepage was analyzed during the Al-wand dam using the Seep/w program. It was verified that the dam was safe against seepage failure and then moved to the QUAKE/W (a subprogram of GEOSTUDIO, which is used for liquefaction modeling of earthquakes and dynamic loading and determines the movement and increased pressures of pore water that arise due to earthquake vibration or sudden shock loads). The program was used to analyze the effect of the earthquake on the porewater pressure, effective stresses, and displacements. Also, it is not clear that the significant impact the earthquake has on these values. Finally, the Slope/w program was used to analyze the stability of the dam and to calculate the safety factor of the dam in two ways, and the results of the analysis show that the dam is considered safe under the influence of the tremor.
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Monica, Fadilla, Vira Friska, Deasy Arisa, and Marzuki Marzuki. "Comparison of Deformation Vectors Due to Earthquake in Subduction Zone and Sumatran Fault for Each Phase of Earthquake Cycle." JURNAL ILMU FISIKA | UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS 14, no. 2 (June 20, 2022): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jif.14.2.73-85.2022.

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This study compares the deformation in West Sumatra due to the earthquakes in the subduction zone and the Sumatran Fault. The Mw6.0 Mentawai earthquake 2019 with a thrust fault mechanism and the Mw5.4 South Solok earthquake 2019 with a strike-slip fault mechanism were used as case studies for the subduction zone and Sumatran Fault, respectively. The deformation was observed using 12 SuGAr (Sumatra GPS Array) and 8 InaCORS (Indonesian Continuously Operating Reference Station) stations, which were processed using GAMIT/GLOBK software. There are differences in the deformation vectors of the two earthquakes. The Mentawai earthquake experienced larger energy accumulation than the South Solok earthquake. The coseismic phase of the Mentawai earthquake experienced the largest horizontal shift at the SLBU station, which was 15.48 mm in the direction of S29.96W, while the South Solok earthquake is found to horizontally shift the CSDH station at the size of 5.75 mm towards S11.45E. The postseismic phase of the Mentawai earthquake lasted 60 days, longer than the South Solok earthquake (20 days). The difference in deformation characteristic between these two earthquakes found in this study will be valuable information in modeling earthquakes in Sumatra.
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Madlazim, M. "COULOMB STRESS CHANGES DUE TO RECENT ACEH EARTHQUAKES." Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) 5, no. 1 (June 14, 2015): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jpfa.v5n1.p9-14.

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Coulomb stress change analysis has been applied to understand whether the 2013/07/02 (Mw=6.1) has been triggered by 2013/01/21 earthquake (Mw=6.1) the proximity to failure on the Aceh segment of Sumatra Fault Zone (SFZ). We examine the problem of how one earthquake might trigger another using Coulomb stress changes plotting. To plot the Coulomb stress changes, we used Global CMT data for the both earthquakes and used GEOFON data for manually revised epicenters of its aftershocks. The earthquakes are located on Aceh segment of the historic no recorded large earthquake. Coulomb stress changes modeling of the both earthquakes and plot their aftershocks. Surprisingly, the 2013/07/02 earthquake is located on increasing Coulomb stress changes region of 2013/01/21 earthquake plotting. Here explain that the 2013/07/02 earthquake has been triggered by the 2013/01/21 earthquake. Further, the two aftershocks of the 2013/07/02 earthquake is located on increasing Coulomb stress changes region of 2013/07/02 earthquake plotting. So that, the aftershocks has been triggered by increasing Coulomb stress changes of the 2013/07/02 earthquake.
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Shao, Bo, Guiting Hou, and Jun Shen. "Inter-episodes earthquake migration in the Bohai-Zhangjiakou Fault Zone, North China: Insights from numerical modeling." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): e0251606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251606.

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In this paper, we focus on why intraplate seismic initiation and migration occurs, which has widely been considered to be caused by static stress triggering caused by earthquakes, as well as post-seismic slips. To illustrate the mechanism underlying large earthquakes, in particular the migration caused by two key episodes that occurred after 1500 in the Bohai-Zhangjiakou Fault Zone (BZFZ) of North China, we developed a high-resolution three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model that includes the active faults with vertical segmentation, their periodical locking, and the lithosphere heterogeneity. We used the birth and death of element groups to simulate stress intensity changes during the two episodes (named Episode I and II), with our results showing that the Tangshan earthquake was primarily triggered by the Sanhe-Pinggu M8.0 earthquake in 1679, whereas the Zhangbei M6.2 earthquake in 1998 was not triggered by earthquakes in Episode I. According to our work, the calculated stress changes in the different segments of the fault zone correspond to the magnitude of the triggered earthquakes. Further, the largest stress decrease was near the Sanhe-Pinggu fault and occurred the largest earthquake in Episode I, whereas the largest stress increase was near the Tangshan fault and occurred during the largest earthquake in Episode II. Given the above, we propose a model for seismic migration to describe the dynamic mechanisms of earthquake migration within the BZFZ and North China, in which the factors affecting both the seismic migration path and intensity primarily include the distance between the triggered active fault and the original fault, the coupling of the active faults, the location and scale of the low-velocity anomaly, its distance from the active fault, and the location and scale of the crustal thinning.
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Ogawa, Yoshiki, Yoshihide Sekimoto, and Ryosuke Shibasaki. "Estimation of earthquake damage to urban environments using sparse modeling." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 48, no. 5 (January 21, 2021): 1075–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808320986560.

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For the establishment of precise disaster prevention measures in response to the Nankai megathrust earthquakes predicted to occur in the future, it is necessary to conduct numerous earthquake simulations and evaluate the vulnerability of the urban environment quantitatively. This vulnerability is evaluated on the basis of factors such as the extent of damage from earthquakes, as well as the attributes of residents, urban infrastructure, and systems in the environment. In this study, we propose a sparse modeling (SpM)-based technique for the evaluation of potential damage to urban environments due to Nankai megathrust earthquakes in Japan. As explanatory variables, any variables related to urban environments in Kochi Prefecture are considered. The results show that, unlike the so-called “complex disaster” events, the number of critical variables that characterize damage states when external disaster forces data (e.g. estimated seismic motion and tsunami height) and urban environment data are available is low, regardless of the magnitude of damage. In other words, urban system variables selected for damage states may be extracted as variables indicating vulnerability to earthquake damage. In addition, we evaluated the characteristics of different cities by visualizing the SpM results on a radar chart. The proposed technique is useful for gaining a deeper understanding of the influence of urban environment variables on earthquake damages. Furthermore, it is expected that measures for improving urban system resilience will be explored based on the proposed technique.
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Zimbidis, Alexandros A., Nickolaos E. Frangos, and Athanasios A. Pantelous. "Modeling Earthquake Risk via Extreme Value Theory and Pricing the Respective Catastrophe Bonds." ASTIN Bulletin 37, no. 01 (May 2007): 163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.37.1.2020804.

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The aim of the paper is twofold. Firstly, to analyze the historical data of the earthquakes in the boarder area of Greece and then to produce a reliable model for the risk dynamics of the magnitude of the earthquakes, using advanced techniques from the Extreme Value Theory. Secondly, to discuss briefly the relevant theory of incomplete markets and price earthquake catastrophe bonds, combining the model found for the earthquake risk and an appropriate model for the interest rate dynamics in an incomplete market framework. The paper ends by providing some numerical results using Monte Carlo simulation techniques and stochastic iterative equations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Earthquake modeling"

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Stathas, Alexandros. "Numerical modeling of earthquake faults." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ECDN0053.

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Lors d’un glissement sismique, l’énergie libérée par la décharge élastique des blocs de terre adjacente peut être séparée en trois parties principales : L’énergie qui est rayonnée à la surface de la terre (_ 5% du budget énergétique total), l’énergie de fracture pour la création de nouvelles surfaces de faille et enfin, l’énergie dissipée à l’intérieur d’une région de la faille, d’épaisseur finie, que l’on appelle le “fault gouge ". Cette région accumule la majorité du glissement sismique. Estimer correctement la largeur de fault gouge est d’une importance capitale pour calculer l’énergie dissipée pendant le séisme, le comportement frictionnel de la faille et les conditions de nucléation de la faille sous la forme d’un glissement sismique ou asismique.Dans cette thèse, approches différentes de régularisation ont été explorées pour l’estimation de la largeur de localisation de la zone de glissement principal de la faille pendant le glissement cosmique. Celles-ci comprennent l’application de la viscosité et des couplages multiphasiques dans le continuum classique de Cauchy, et l’introduction d’un continuum micromorphe de Cosserat du premier ordre. Tout d’abord, nous nous concentrons sur le rôle de la régularisation visqueuse dans le contexte des analyses dynamiques, en tant que méthode de régularisation de la localisation des déformations. Nous étudions le cas dynamique d’un continuum de Cauchy classique adoucissant à la déformation et durcissant à la vitesse de déformation. En appliquant l’analyse de stabilité de Lyapunov, nous montrons que l’introduction de la viscosité est incapable d’empêcher la localisation de la déformation sur un plan mathématique et la dépendance de du maillage des éléments finis.Nous effectuons des analyses non linéaires en utilisant le continuum de Cosserat dans le cas de grands déplacements par glissement sismique de fault gouge par rapport à sa largeur. Le continuum de Cosserat nous permet de rendre compte de l’énergie dissipée pendant un séisme et du rôle de la microstructure dans l’évolution de la friction de la faille. Nous nous concentrons sur l’influence de la vitesse de glissement sismique sur le mécanisme d’assidument frictionnel de la pressurisation thermique. Nous remarquons que l’influence des conditions aux limites dans la diffusion du fluide interstitiel à l’intérieur de fault gouge, conduit à une reprise du frottement après l’affaiblissement initial. De plus, un mode de localisation de déformation en mouvement est présent pendant le cisaillement de la couche, introduisant des oscillations dans la réponse du frottement. Ces oscillations augmentent le contenu spectral du séisme. L’introduction de la viscosité dans le mode ci-dessus, conduit à un comportement de "rate and state" sans l’introduction d’une variable interne. Nos conclusions sur le rôle de la pressurisation thermique pendant le cisaillement de fault gouge sont en accord qualitatif avec les nouveaux résultats expérimentaux disponibles. Enfin, sur la base des résultats numériques, nous étudions les hypothèses du modèle actuel de glissement sur un plan mathématique proposent à la littérature. Le rôle des conditions aux limites et du mode de localisation des déformations dans l’évolution du frottement de la faille pendant le glissement sismique. Le cas d’un domaine délimité et d’un mode de localisation de la déformation en mouvement est examiné dans le contexte d’un glissement sur un plan mathématique sous pressurisation thermique. Nos résultats étoffent le modèle original dans un contexte plus général
During coseismic slip, the energy released by the elastic unloading of the adjacent earth blocks can be separated in three main parts: The energy that is radiated to the earth’s surface (_ 5% of the whole energy budget), the fracture energy for the creation of new fault surfaces and finally, the energy dissipated inside a region of the fault, with finite thickness, which is called the fault gauge. This region accumulates the majority of the seismic slip. Estimating correctly the width of the fault gauge is of paramount importance in calculating the energy dissipated during the earthquake, the fault’s frictional response, and the conditions for nucleation of the fault in the form of seismic or aseismic slip.In this thesis different regularization approaches were explored for the estimation of the localization width of the fault’s principal slip zone during coseismic slip. These include the application of viscosity and multiphysical couplings in the classical Cauchy continuum, and the introduction of a first order micromorphic Cosserat continuum. First, we focus on the role of viscous regularization in the context of dynamical analyses, as a method for regularizing strain localization. We study the dynamic case for a strain softening strain-rate hardening classical Cauchy continuum, and by applying the Lyapunov stability analysis we show that introduction of viscosity is unable to prevent strain localization on a mathematical plane and mesh dependence.We perform fully non linear analyses using the Cosserat continuum under large seismic slip displacements of the fault gouge in comparison to its width. Cosserat continuum provides us with a proper account of the energy dissipated during an earthquake and the role of the microstructure in the evolution of the fault’s friction. We focus on the influence of the seismic slip velocity to the weakening mechanism of thermal pressurization. We notice that the influence of the boundary conditions in the diffusion of the pore fluid inside the fault gouge, leads to frictional strength regain after initial weakening. Furthermore, a traveling strain localization mode is present during shearing of the layer introducing oscillations in the frictional response. Such oscillations increase the spectral content of the earthquake. Introduction of viscosity in the above mode, leads to a rate and state behavior without the introduction of a specific internal state variable. Our conclusions about the role of thermal pressurization during shearing of the fault gouge, agree qualitatively with newly available experimental results.Finally, based on the numerical findings we investigate the assumptions of the current model of a slip on a mathematical plane, in particular the role of the boundary conditions and strain localization mode in the evolution of the fault’s friction during coseismic slip. The case of a bounded domain and a traveling strain localization mode are examined in the context of slip on a mathematical plane under thermal pressurization. Our results expand the original model in a more general context
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Hjörleifsdóttir, Vala Simons Mark Tromp Jeroen. "Earthquake source characterization using 3D numerical modeling /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2007. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-03212007-170259.

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Song, Teh-Ru Alex Tromp Jeroen Helmberger Donald V. "Broadband modeling of earthquake source and mantle structures /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2008. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05192008-121937.

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Link, Steven B. "Predictive earthquake damage modeling for natural gas distribution infrastructure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122832.

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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2018
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2018
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 61-64).
The Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) operates and maintains 48,000 miles of natural gas pipeline, serving over 4.3 million customer accounts. Along with water, electric power, and transportation services, these lifelines serve critical functions throughout multiple communities. Considering PG&E provides services in both densely populated and seismically active areas, the organization has invested extensively in modeling technology to help estimate resource needs and develop resiliency plans in the event of an earthquake. This thesis aimed to develop a damage prediction model to improve emergency response time and restoration efficiency. The machine-learning based model built upon currently used predictive algorithms, while adding features necessary to account for distribution branch lines and above-ground meter sets. Research and analysis showed factors beyond ground-motion prediction equations could be used to estimate pipeline damage and were consequently included.
Furthermore, the model incorporated real-time data acquired throughout repair and restoration efforts in order to improve the predictive performance. Historical incidents were examined in the data aggregation phase in order to develop the training set. For this paper, damage was defined as the number of leaks predicted in a given plat, as defined by PG&E's mapping services. Leaks were categorized in three separate bins, ranging from 0 leaks, 1 to 5 leaks, and 6 or greater leaks. Multiple classification algorithms were chosen and evaluated against a custom scoring metric designed to discriminate and penalize false negatives. The best results were achieved using a series of five logistic regression algorithms, executed at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours following event occurrence. Results were designed to accompany currently used seismic hazard reports in a ranked table, displaying areas with the highest to lowest probability of experiencing damage.
An additional web application was designed to query specific plats for prediction results.
by Steven B. Link.
M.B.A.
S.M.
M.B.A. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Lee, Wayne Y. "Numerical modeling of blast-induced liquefaction /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1431.pdf.

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Lu, Jinchi. "Parallel finite element modeling of earthquake ground response and liquefaction." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3203984.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed April 3, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 344-359).
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Zhou, Jian Mei. "Effect of nonlinear soil modeling on ground response at Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2182936.

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Li, Wei. "Nonlinear effects in ground motion simulations: modeling variability, parametric uncertainty and implications in structural performance predictions." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34658.

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While site effects are accounted for in most modern U.S. seismic design codes for building structures, there exist no standardized procedures for the computationally efficient integration of nonlinear ground response analyses in broadband ground motion simulations. In turn, the lack of a unified methodology affects the prediction accuracy of site-specific ground motion intensity measures, the evaluation of site amplification factors when broadband simulations are used for the development of hybrid attenuation relations and the estimation of inelastic structural performance when strong motion records are used as input in aseismic structural design procedures. In this study, a set of criteria is established, which quantifies how strong nonlinear effects are anticipated to manifest at a site by investigating the empirical relation between nonlinear soil response, soil properties, and ground motion characteristics. More specifically, the modeling variability and parametric uncertainty of nonlinear soil response predictions are studied, along with the uncertainty propagation of site response analyses to the estimation of inelastic structural performance. Due to the scarcity of design level ground motion recording, the geotechnical information at 24 downhole arrays is used and the profiles are subjected to broadband ground motion synthetics. For the modeling variability study, the site response models are validated against available downhole array observations. The site and ground motion parameters that govern the intensity of nonlinear effects are next identified, and an empirical relationship is established, which may be used to estimate to a first approximation the error introduced in ground motion predictions if nonlinear effects are not accounted for. The soil parameter uncertainty in site response predictions is next evaluated as a function of the same measures of soil properties and ground motion characteristics. It is shown that the effects of nonlinear soil property uncertainties on the ground-motion variability strongly depend on the seismic motion intensity, and this dependency is more pronounced for soft soil profiles. By contrast, the effects of velocity profile uncertainties are less intensity dependent and more sensitive to the velocity impedance in the near surface that governs the maximum site amplification. Finally, a series of bilinear single degree of freedom oscillators are subjected to the synthetic ground motions computed using the alternative soil models, and evaluate the consequent variability in structural response. Results show high bias and uncertainty of the inelastic structural displacement ratio predicted using the linear site response model for periods close to the fundamental period of the soil profile. The amount of bias and the period range where the structural performance uncertainty manifests are shown to be a function of both input motion and site parameters.
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Li, Shaoyang [Verfasser]. "Geomechanical modeling of earthquake cycles in Chilean subduction zone / Shaoyang Li." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1107011671/34.

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Corradini, Marina. "Reconstruction of the earthquake rupture process through coherent teleseismic imaging and statistical modeling." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/CORRADINI_Marina_va1.pdf.

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De nombreuses études ont tenté d’éclairer la complexité de la rupture sismique de grands séismes en utilisant des techniques d’imagerie cohérente telles que la back- projection (BP). Dans une étude récente, Fukahata et al. (2013) ont suggéré que, d’un point de vue théorique, l’image BP de la rupture sismique est liée au glissement ou à la vitesse de glissement sur la faille. Cependant, la relation quantitative entre les images BP et les propriétés physiques du processus de rupture reste encore peu connue. Cette thèse vise à clarifier comment les images BP du champ d’ondes rayonné peuvent être utilisées pour déduire les hétérogénéités spatiales en glissement et en vitesse de rupture le long de la faille. Nous réalisons des simulations de différents processus de rupture à l’aide d’un modèle de source linéaire. Pour chaque modèle de rupture, nous calculons les sismogrammes synthétiques à trois réseaux télésismiques et nous appliquons la technique de BP afin d’identifier les sources de rayonnement haute fréquence (HF). Cette procédure permet de comparer les images BP avec le modèle de rupture originaire et d’interpréter les émissions HF en fonction des trois paramètres cinématiques: le temps de montée, la valeur du glissement final, la vitesse de rupture. Nos résultats montrent que les pics HF extraits avec l’analyse BP sont le plus étroitement associés aux hétérogénéités spatio-temporelles de l’accélération du glissement. Nous vérifions nos observations sur deux grands séismes survenus dans la faille de Swan Islands à neuf ans d’intervalle: le séisme du 2009 (Mw 7.3) et celui du 2018 (Mw 7.5) au nord du Honduras. Les deux événements montrent une géométrie linéaire, ce qui les rend comparables à notre approche synthétique. Malgré la géométrie simple, les deux séismes sont caractérisés par un taux de glissement complexe, avec plusieurs sous-événements. Nos résultats préliminaires montrent que l’image BP des émissions HF permet d’estimer une longueur et une vitesse de rupture compatibles avec d’autres études et qu’un fort rayonnement HF pourrait correspondre aux zones de forte variabilité du taux de glissement. En conclusion, nous utilisons une méthode de réseau de neurones afin de prédire les paramètres cinématiques d’une rupture sismique à partir de son image BP. Le réseau s’appuie sur un grand nombre de processus de rupture synthétiques et leurs images BP, dans le but d’identifier le lien statistique entre le rayonnement HF et les paramètres cinématiques. Nos résultats montrent que le réseau de neurones appliqué à l’image BP du séisme est capable de prédire les valeurs du temps de montée et de la vitesse de rupture le long de la faille, ainsi que la position moyenne de l’hétérogénéité. Par contre, le réseau de neurones n’arrive pas à récupérer les valeurs du glissement final, auquel l’approche BP est relativement insensible. Notre étude permet de mieux comprendre l’écart qui existe actuellement entre la description théorique de la génération de rayonnements HF et les observations d’émissions HF obtenues par des techniques d’imagerie cohérentes, en s’appuyant aux pistes d’action possibles et en suggérant de nouvelles perspectives
Many studies have attempted to illuminate rupture complexities of large earthquakes through the use of coherent imaging techniques such as back-projection (BP). Recently, Fukahata et al. (2013) suggested that, from a theoretical point of view, the BP image of the rupture is related to the slip motion on the fault. However, the quantitative relationship between the BP images and the physical properties of the earthquake rupture process still remains unclear.Our work aims at clarifying how BP images of the radiated wavefield can be used to infer spatial heterogeneities in slip and rupture velocity along the fault. We simulate different rupture processes using a line source model. For each rupture model, we calculate synthetic seismograms at three teleseismic arrays and we apply the BP technique to identify the sources of high-frequency (HF) radiation. This procedure allows for the comparison of the BP images with the originating rupture model, and thus the interpretation of HF emissions in terms of along-fault variation of the three kinematic parameters: rise time, final slip, rupture velocity. Our results show that the HF peaks retrieved from BP analysis are most closely associated with space-time heterogeneities of slip acceleration. We verify our findings on two major earthquakes that occurred 9 years apart on the strike-slip Swan Islands fault: the Mw 7.3 2009 and the Mw 7.5 2018 North of Hondurasearthquakes. Both events followed a simple linear geometry, making them suitable for comparison with our synthetic approach. Despite the simple geometry, both slip-rate functions are complex, with several subevents. Our preliminary results show that the BP image of HF emissions allows to estimate a rupture length and velocity which are compatible with other studies and that strong HF radiation corresponds to the areas of large variability of the moment-rate function. An outstanding question is whether one can use the BP image of the earthquake to retrieve the kinematic parameters along the fault. We build on the findings obtained in the synthetic examples by training a neural network model to directly predict the kinematic parameters along the fault, given an input BP image. We train the network on a large number of different synthetic rupture processes and their BP images, with the goal of identifying the statistical link between HF radiation and rupture kinematic parameters. Our results show that the neural network applied to the BP image of the earthquake is able to predict the values of rise time and rupture velocity along the fault, as well as thecentral position of the heterogeneity, but not the absolute slip values, to which the HF BP approach is relatively insensitive. Our work sheds some light on the gap currently existing between the theoretical description of the generation of HF radiation and the observations of HF emissions obtained by coherent imaging techniques, tackling possible courses of action and suggesting new perspectives
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Books on the topic "Earthquake modeling"

1

Cofer, William F. Analytical modeling of foundations for seismic analysis of bridges. [Olympia, Wash.]: Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 1994.

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Votsi, Irene, Nikolaos Limnios, Eleftheria Papadimitriou, and George Tsaklidis. Earthquake Statistical Analysis through Multi-state Modeling. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119579076.

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Akkar, Sinan, Alper Ilki, Caglar Goksu, and Mustafa Erdik, eds. Advances in Assessment and Modeling of Earthquake Loss. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68813-4.

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Hess, R. H. Loss-estimation modeling of earthquake scenarios for each county in Nevada using HAZUS-MH. [Reno]: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, 2006.

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White, Robert M. Evaluation of hypotheses for the cause of the 1886 Charleston earthquake: Final report. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1989.

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Zerva, Aspasia. Spatial variation of seismic ground motions: Modeling and engineering applications. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008.

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Coats, D. W. Damping in building structures during earthquakes: Test data and modeling. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1989.

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White, Robert M. Evaluation of hypotheses for the cause of the 1886 Charleston earthquake / prepared by R. M. White, L. T. Long ; prepared for Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Washington, DC: Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1989.

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Japan) Workshop on Modeling of Dynamic Behavior of Wood Structure (1997 Tsukuba-shi. Workshop on Modeling of Dynamic Behavior of Wood Structure: 11-12 December 1997 ; visual projection room of BRI, with eventual move for observation of a shaking table test at National Disaster Prevention Research Institute. Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan: Building Research Institute, Ministry of Construction, Japan, 2000.

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Pease, Jonathan W. Liquefaction hazards in the San Francisco Bay region: Site investigation, modeling, and hazard assessment at areas most seriously affected by the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Ithaca, NY: School of Civil and Enviromental Engineering, Cornell University, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Earthquake modeling"

1

Ruth, Matthias, and Bruce Hannon. "Earthquake." In Modeling Dynamic Biological Systems, 317–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0651-4_40.

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Billings, L. J., and R. Shepherd. "Mathematical modeling of seismic isolators." In Earthquake Engineering, edited by Shamim A. Sheikh and S. M. Uzumeri, 245–52. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781487583217-032.

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Lourenço, Paulo B. "Masonry Modeling." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 1–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_153-1.

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Lourenço, Paulo B. "Masonry Modeling." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 1419–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35344-4_153.

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Mulargia, Francesco, and Robert J. Geller. "Modeling earthquakes." In Earthquake Science and Seismic Risk Reduction, 1–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0041-3_1.

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Kongar, Indranil, and Sonia Giovinazzi. "Damage to Infrastructure: Modeling." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 1–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_356-1.

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Giovinazzi, Sonia, Indranil Kongar, Gian Maria Bocchini, and Daria Ottonelli. "Damage to Buildings: Modeling." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 1–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_357-1.

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Kongar, Indranil, and Sonia Giovinazzi. "Damage to Infrastructure: Modeling." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 524–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35344-4_356.

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Giovinazzi, Sonia, Indranil Kongar, Gian Maria Bocchini, and Daria Ottonelli. "Damage to Buildings: Modeling." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 506–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35344-4_357.

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Kumari, Sunita, and V. A. Sawant. "Numerical Modeling of Liquefaction." In Advances in Earthquake Geotechnics, 113–29. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3330-1_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Earthquake modeling"

1

Ca¸gˇnan, Z., and R. Davidson. "Post-Earthquake Lifeline Service Restoration Modeling." In Sixth U.S. Conference and Workshop on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering (TCLEE) 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40687(2003)27.

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Zhang, Yinxing, Puzhen Gao, Jian Zhou, Hanying Chen, and Peng Ji. "Modeling the Natural Circulation Influenced by Earthquake." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66495.

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More and more attentions have been paid to the impact of the earthquake on the reactor thermal hydraulics after the Fukushima accident. In order to figure out the seismic effect on the flow in primary loop, the natural circulation in primary loop of CPR1000 influenced by earthquake is modeled by learning from the study on natural circulation under ocean conditions. Natural circulation ability at earthquake, which includes longitudinal earthquake and transversal earthquake, is dynamically simulated by a program written with MATLAB, respectively. Besides, the safety of the system is discussed based on the calculated results. The research results show that, once the longitudinal earthquake occurs, in the earlier stage of earthquake, the peak and valley values of the coolant mass flow rate decrease gradually and the amplitude will be a constant as time goes on because of flow fluctuation in seismic condition. On the contrary, as for transversal earthquake, the peak and valley values of the coolant mass flow rate increase gradually in the earlier stage of earthquake. However, the amplitude will be a constant as time goes on, just like that in the longitudinal earthquake. For both of the two conditions, they have the same characteristics. The constant mentioned above grows up with the increase of the earthquake acceleration peak value and the period; the fluctuation period of mass flow rate is generally the same as the period of earthquake acceleration and the mass flow rate changes steadily; the average mass flow rate decreases slightly with the increase of the earthquake acceleration peak value and the period. Both of the vibration period and the peak of seismic wave have disturbing effect on reactor coolant system natural circulation. And the increase of the peak of the earthquake acceleration as well as the period of the earthquake acceleration will reduce the natural circulation ability. In the range of research parameters, the system is considered to be safe according to the calculation results of core coolant temperature.
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Wang, Cheng-Chi, Her-Terng Yau, Yen-Liang Yeh, and Ming-Jyi Jang. "Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Earthquake Model." In 2009 Second International Symposium on Knowledge Acquisition and Modeling. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kam.2009.180.

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Hitchcock, Christopher, Stuart Nishenko, Chih-Hung Lee, Joseph Sun, Sean Sundermann, Mark Zellman, and Robert Givler. "GIS-Based Seismic Hazard Mapping for Pipeline Integrity Management." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10351.

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Geographic information systems (GIS) technology enables sophisticated, numerical-based mapping of earthquake hazards, including liquefaction and landslide susceptibility, on a regional basis for pipeline systems. Existing earthquake hazard mapping was integrated with interpretation of topographic, geologic, hydrologic, and geotechnical data to update an earthquake hazard database for Pacific Gas & Electric Company’s California Gas Transmission (CGT), as part of the CGT Pipeline System Integrity program. The regionally consistent, map-based database covering CGT’s pipeline system in northern California allows for modeling of possible pipeline impacts from moderate to large earthquakes. GIS-based modeling that incorporates the hazard mapping is a powerful tool for planning and emergency response purposes. Specifically, near real-time models of possible pipeline damage locations can be derived from internet-based groundshaking records (USGS ShakeMap) produced after earthquakes. Scenario-based models of earthquake impacts from possible earthquakes can be used for planning purposes.
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Bao, Hesheng, Jacobo Bielak, Omar Ghattas, Loukas F. Kallivokas, David R. O'Hallaron, Jonathan R. Shewchuk, and Jifeng Xu. "Earthquake ground motion modeling on parallel computers." In the 1996 ACM/IEEE conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/369028.369053.

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Wang, Fu-Tai, Jenny Chih-Yu Lee, Chin-Feng Lin, Shun-Hsyung Change, Chu-Tien Chen, Wen-Jin Kao, and Chien-Chuan Hwu. "Chaotic modeling for earthquake datum via wavelet transform." In OCEANS 2012 - YEOSU. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans-yeosu.2012.6263521.

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Wang, Shengyou, Zhihua Xiong, Shuling Wang, Ying Hu, Xiong Yang, and Peiwen Chen. "Analyzing and Modeling Post-Earthquake Emergency Traffic Demand." In 13th Asia Pacific Transportation Development Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482902.020.

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Tsai, C. S., Tsu-Cheng Chiang, Bo-Jen Chen, Wen-Shin Chen, and Shih-Hsien Yu. "Component Test and Mathematical Modeling of Advanced Unbounded Brace." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2958.

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The energy absorbing devices have been recognized as effective tools for dissipating the earthquake-induced energy during earthquakes. Several kinds of metallic-yielding, viscous and friction dampers have been proposed, tested and adopted in engineering applications in recent years. In this study, results from experimental and numerical studies of an advanced unbounded brace, or named as the advanced buckling restrained brace (advanced BRB), have been introduced. The experimental results from the component tests under cyclic loadings show that the proposed device possesses good stability and durability in mechanical behavior. Results from numerical studies of a 10-storey steel structure with proposed devices subjected to different earthquakes show that the advanced BRB can lessen the column shear forces as well as the storey drifts of the structure efficiently. Based on this investigation, the proposed isolator can be adopted as an effective tool for enhancing the seismic resistance of structures during earthquakes.
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Armstrong, R. J., R. W. Boulanger, U. Gulerce, B. L. Kutter, and D. W. Wilson. "Centrifuge Modeling of Pile Pinning Effects." In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics Congress IV. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40975(318)158.

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Brahimi, Malek, and Sidi Berri. "The Use of ARMA Models in Earthquake Response Spectra." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89023.

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Structural design spectra are based on smoothed linear response spectra obtained from different events scaled by their peak values. Such an approach does not incorporate other characteristics of the excitation represented by measured data. This study investigate the use of non-stationary models which can be considered characteristic and representative of specific historical earthquakes. An earthquake record is regarded as a sample realization from a population of such samples, which could have been generated by the stochastic process characterized by an Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model. ARMA models are developed for four major earthquakes after processing by a variance stabilizing transformation. Samples of acceleration records are generated for each event. In this earthquake modeling procedure, parameters describing the modulating function of the record and the stabilized series are estimated. Maximum displacement ductility demand and normalized hysteretic energy demand for linear and stiffness softening single degree of freedom system systems are computed for the samples generated for each event. The sensitivity and dependence of demand spectra on earthquake model characteristics are examined to develop a response prediction model. Non linear response analysis of the four events indicates that ARMA (2,1) process using samples of twenty simulated earthquakes provide a reliable description of the information contained within acceleration records. Empirical relationships for displacement ductility and Normalized hysteretic energy demand spectra are developed.
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Reports on the topic "Earthquake modeling"

1

Hutchings, L. Modeling earthquake ground motion with an earthquake simulation program (EMPSYN) that utilizes empirical Green's functions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5616334.

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Larochelle, S., Y. Liu, and H. Kao. Poroelastic modeling of hydraulic fracturing induced earthquake stress field. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/297811.

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Pitarka, A. Dynamic Rupture Modeling of the M7.1, 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1770521.

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Prowell, I., A. Elgamal, H. Romanowitz, J. E. Duggan, and J. Jonkman. Earthquake Response Modeling for a Parked and Operating Megawatt-Scale Wind Turbine. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/992345.

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Okubo, Kurama, Esteban Rougier, and Harsha Bhat Suresh. Source time functions inferred from dynamic earthquake rupture modeling on Jordan – Kekerengu – Papatea fault system, the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1499301.

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Rodgers, A. Earthquake focal parameters and lithospheric structure of the anatolian plateau from complete regional waveform modeling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15006169.

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PSHENICHNY, Cyril, Alicia GARCIA, Maria SANCHEZ JIMENEZ, Vladimir ANOKHIN, Roberto CARNIEL, Vyacheslav VOITENKO, Ramon ORTIZ, et al. General Approach to Information Modeling of Earthquake Intensity at Oceanic Islands (by the Example of Canary Archipelago). Cogeo@oeaw-giscience, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5242/iamg.2011.0300.

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Bent, A. L., and P. Voss. Seismicity in the Labrador-Baffin Seaway and surrounding onshore regions. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321857.

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Studying earthquakes in Baffin Bay and the surrounding regions is challenging. There is no knowledge of earthquake activity in this region prior to 1933 when a moment magnitude (MW) 7.4 earthquake occurred in Baffin Bay. With improved instrumentation, increased seismograph coverage in the north, and modern analysis techniques, knowledge and understanding of earthquakes in the Baffin region is improving. Active seismic zones include Baffin Bay, the east coast of Baffin Island, and the Labrador Sea, separated by areas of low seismicity. Focal-mechanism solutions show a mix of faulting styles, predominantly strike-slip and thrust. Regional stress-axes orientations show more consistency, which suggests that activity is occurring on previously existing structures in response to the current stress field. There is little correlation between earthquake epicentres in Baffin Bay and mapped structures. Glacial isostatic adjustment may be a triggering mechanism for earthquakes in the Baffin region, but modelling efforts have yielded equivocal results.
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Pitarka, A. Dynamic Rupture Modeling of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake Using 3DFinite Element Method. Sensitivity Analysis of Slip Rate Function to ModelParameters of Crustal Weak-Zone. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1845214.

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Gunay, Selim, Fan Hu, Khalid Mosalam, Arpit Nema, Jose Restrepo, Adam Zsarnoczay, and Jack Baker. Blind Prediction of Shaking Table Tests of a New Bridge Bent Design. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/svks9397.

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Considering the importance of the transportation network and bridge structures, the associated seismic design philosophy is shifting from the basic collapse prevention objective to maintaining functionality on the community scale in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes (i.e., resiliency). In addition to performance, the associated construction philosophy is also being modernized, with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques to reduce impacts of construction work on traffic, society, economy, and on-site safety during construction. Recent years have seen several developments towards the design of low-damage bridges and ABC. According to the results of conducted tests, these systems have significant potential to achieve the intended community resiliency objectives. Taking advantage of such potential in the standard design and analysis processes requires proper modeling that adequately characterizes the behavior and response of these bridge systems. To evaluate the current practices and abilities of the structural engineering community to model this type of resiliency-oriented bridges, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) organized a blind prediction contest of a two-column bridge bent consisting of columns with enhanced response characteristics achieved by a well-balanced contribution of self-centering, rocking, and energy dissipation. The parameters of this blind prediction competition are described in this report, and the predictions submitted by different teams are analyzed. In general, forces are predicted better than displacements. The post-tension bar forces and residual displacements are predicted with the best and least accuracy, respectively. Some of the predicted quantities are observed to have coefficient of variation (COV) values larger than 50%; however, in general, the scatter in the predictions amongst different teams is not significantly large. Applied ground motions (GM) in shaking table tests consisted of a series of naturally recorded earthquake acceleration signals, where GM1 is found to be the largest contributor to the displacement error for most of the teams, and GM7 is the largest contributor to the force (hence, the acceleration) error. The large contribution of GM1 to the displacement error is due to the elastic response in GM1 and the errors stemming from the incorrect estimation of the period and damping ratio. The contribution of GM7 to the force error is due to the errors in the estimation of the base-shear capacity. Several teams were able to predict forces and accelerations with only moderate bias. Displacements, however, were systematically underestimated by almost every team. This suggests that there is a general problem either in the assumptions made or the models used to simulate the response of this type of bridge bent with enhanced response characteristics. Predictions of the best-performing teams were consistently and substantially better than average in all response quantities. The engineering community would benefit from learning details of the approach of the best teams and the factors that caused the models of other teams to fail to produce similarly good results. Blind prediction contests provide: (1) very useful information regarding areas where current numerical models might be improved; and (2) quantitative data regarding the uncertainty of analytical models for use in performance-based earthquake engineering evaluations. Such blind prediction contests should be encouraged for other experimental research activities and are planned to be conducted annually by PEER.
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