Journal articles: 'Earthquake reconstruction'

1

Nakashima, Tadayoshi, and Shigeyuki Okada. "Financial Imbalances in Regional Disaster Recovery Following Earthquakes—Case Study Concerning Housing-Cost Expenditures in Japan." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (2018): 3225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093225.

Full text

Abstract:

In the aftermath of the 1995 Kobe Earthquake, a large-scale effort towards reconstruction of houses damaged by the quake was required. This led to increased mortgage, thereby financially plaguing a number of earthquake victims and inhibiting their long-term sustainability and self-supported recovery. The current framework of housing reconstruction assistance provided by the Japanese government does not account for regional disparities in cost and other socioeconomic factors. This study proposes a technique for estimating the cost of reconstructing household units damaged in an earthquake by considering the effects of construction methods influenced by regional climatic zones. The financial constraints on rebuilding resources have been estimated by considering the annual regional income and household savings, as determined by social factors and employment opportunities. The susceptibility of regions to the occurrence of earthquakes has also been factored in the calculation of recovery costs. Together, these factors are used to provide a more complete picture of economic costs associated with earthquake recovery in different regions of Japan, thereby revealing large disparities in the difficulty and financial burden involved in the reconstruction of household units. Results of this study could be used to develop a robust system for earthquake-recovery assistance that accounts for differences in recovery costs between different regions, thereby improving the speed and quality of post-earthquake recovery.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Wang, Gui Zhen, Ying Min Li, and Li Ping Liu. "Relief Effort and Reconstruction after Wenchuan Ms8.0 Earthquake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 2727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.2727.

Full text

Abstract:

Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008 in Sichuan province is most destructive, the most widely spread, the most difficultly to disaster relief in recent decades in China. The earthquake relief and reconstruction work is also the fastest, to mobilize the widest range of input power in an action, creating a miracle of the world's earthquake relief and reconstruction. Those successful practices provided a valuable experience reference to other areas for fight against natural disasters and rebuild their homes. This article describes the damage of housing, roads, bridges and other engineering structures and landslides mudslides, dammed lakes and other geological hazards triggered by earthquakes; Outlines the effort of the rescue operation, including personnel search and rescue, road rehabilitation, caring for the wounded, people placement and soon; Summarizes the reconstruction strategies and policies, including with Chinese characteristics” counterpart support” reconstruction mode which means a province to help a county. In the end, the article discusses the earthquake relief and reconstruction experience and inspiration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Sulthan, Faiz. "Rekonstruksi Fasilitas Pendidikan Pasca Bencana Gempa Bumi Tahun 2018 di Kabupaten Sumbawa Provinsi NTB Menggunakan Konstruksi RISHA." CANTILEVER 8, no. 2 (2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35139/cantilever.v8i2.11.

Full text

Abstract:

The Province of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) suffered a series of earthquakes which began on July 29, 2018 (M6.4) as a foreshock, August 5, 2018 (M7.0) as the first mainshock, 9 August 2018 (M6.2) as aftershocks, and 19 August 2018 which was preceded by M6.3 foreshock and M6.9 second mainshock. This earthquake disaster has caused many casualties. Some casualties were injured by the light damaged to collapsed buildings and infrastructures. Based on Presidential Instruction (INPRES) No.5 of 2018, Ministry of Public Works and Housing (PWH) was assigned to carry out rehabilitations and reconstructions after the earthquake. The areas that had been affected by the earthquakes are Mataram city, North Lombok Regency, West Lombok Regency, Central Lombok Regency, East Lombok Regency, West Sumbawa Regency, and Sumbawa Regency. The Mandate of INPRES No. 5 of 2018, is that the reconstruction process must be carried out using earthquake resistant building technology and in a short time. To answer these tasks and challenges, the Ministry of PWH used the construction of Simple Healthy Instant Houses (Rumah Instan Sederhana Sehat or RISHA ), as earthquake resistant building technology that had been developed and owned by the Ministry of PWH. RISHA construction is not only an earthquake resistant building technology, but also a construction using knock down technology with precast system so that it can be constructed in a relative fast time. This paper discusses the activities of reconstructing educational facilities in Sumbawa Regency, NTB Province using RISHA construction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Ogawa, Yujiro. "Special Issue on Recovery from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake." Journal of Disaster Research 2, no. 5 (2007): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2007.p0329.

Full text

Abstract:

The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of 1995 revealed the vulnerability of modern cities to earthquakes, not in the damage to structures but also to the lives of people, local communities, and the economy. As a result, recovery and reconstruction have become indispensable to all aspects of modern cities. With the earthquake almost 12 years in the past and recovery and reconstruction almost completed, it is time for us to look back on the process. This issue (JDR Vol.2 No.5) features a roundup of post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction, including viewpoints on the challenges faced in the wake of massive damage and injury, destruction of over 400,000 damaged houses and infrastructure lifeline facilities such as water, electricity, and gas, and the collapse and rebuilding of local communities and the economy. This issue follows recovery and reconstruction and provides information on processes that could be useful in the case of a large earthquake in the future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Gao, Shengjun, Yunhao Chen, Long Liang, and Adu Gong. "Post-Earthquake Night-Time Light Piecewise (PNLP) Pattern Based on NPP/VIIRS Night-Time Light Data: A Case Study of the 2015 Nepal Earthquake." Remote Sensing 12, no. 12 (2020): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12122009.

Full text

Abstract:

Earthquakes are unpredictable and potentially destructive natural disasters that take a long time to recover from. Monitoring post-earthquake human activity (HA) is of great significance to recovery and reconstruction work. There is a strong correlation between night-time light (NTL) and HA, which aid in the study of spatiotemporal changes in post-earthquake human activities. However, seasonal and noise impact from National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Satellite Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP/VIIRS) data greatly limits their application. To tackle these issues, random noise and seasonal fluctuation of NPP/VIIRS from January 2014 to December 2018 is removed by adopting the seasonal-trend decomposition procedure based on loess (STL). Based on the theory of post-earthquake recovery model, a post-earthquake night-time light piecewise (PNLP) pattern is explored by employing the National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Satellite Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP/VIIRS) monthly data. PNLP indicators, including pre-earthquake development rate (kp), recovery rate (kr1), reconstruction rate (kr2), development rate (kd), relative reconstruction rate (krp) and loss (S), are defined to describe the PNLP pattern. Furthermore, the 2015 Nepal earthquake is chosen as a case study and the spatiotemporal changes in different areas are analyzed. The results reveal that: (1) STL is an effective algorithm for obtaining HA trend from the time series of denoising NTL; (2) the PNLP pattern, divided into four phases, namely the emergency phase (EP), recovery phase (RP-1), reconstruction phase (RP-2), and development phase (DP), aptly describes the variation in post-earthquake HA; (3) PNLP indicators are capable of evaluating the recovery differences across regions. The main socio-economic factors affecting the PNLP pattern and PNLP indicators are energy source for lighting, type of building, agricultural economy, and human poverty index. Based on the NPP/VIIRS data, the PNLP pattern can reflect the periodical changes of HA after earthquakes and provide an effective means for the analysis and evaluation of post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Shi, Manjiang, Qi Cao, Baisong Ran, and Lanyan Wei. "A Conceptual Framework Integrating “Building Back Better” and Post-Earthquake Needs for Recovery and Reconstruction." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (2021): 5608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105608.

Full text

Abstract:

Global disasters due to earthquakes have become more frequent and intense. Consequently, post-disaster recovery and reconstruction has become the new normal in the social process. Through post-disaster reconstruction, risks can be effectively reduced, resilience can be improved, and long-term stability can be achieved. However, there is a gap between the impact of post-earthquake reconstruction and the needs of the people in the disaster area. Based on the international consensus of “building back better” (BBB) and a post-disaster needs assessment method, this paper proposes a new (N-BBB) conceptual model to empirically analyze recovery after the Changning Ms 6.0 earthquake in Sichuan Province, China. The reliability of the model was verified through factor analysis. The main observations were as follows. People’s needs focus on short-term life and production recovery during post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction. Because of disparities in families, occupations, and communities, differences are observed in the reconstruction time sequence and communities. Through principal component analysis, we found that the N-BBB model constructed in this study could provide strong policy guidance in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction after the Changning Ms 6.0 earthquake, effectively coordinate the “top-down” and “bottom-up” models, and meet the diversified needs of such recovery and reconstruction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Fallahi, Alireza. "Bam earthquake reconstruction assessment." Structural Survey 26, no. 5 (2008): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630800810922739.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

HOSSEINI, Seyed Teimor, Shahin LALE AREFI, Mahdi BITARAFAN, Sajjad ABAZARLOU, and Edmundas Kazimieras ZAVADSKAS. "EVALUATION TYPES OF EXTERIOR WALLS TO RECONSTRUCT IRAN EARTHQUAKE AREAS (AHAR HERIS VARZEQAN) BY USING AHP AND FUZZY METHODS." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 20, no. 3 (2016): 328–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2016.1190794.

Full text

Abstract:

Two earthquakes of magnitude 6.1mb occurred at the Ahar and around 16000 residential buildings were destroyed. one of the conspicuous issues in the earthquake is property management to reconstruct and confront the crisis. in this regard, since the most damage inflicted on the buildings occurs in the exterior walls, therefore, the most financial resources must be spent on reconstructing this part of damaged buildings. Thus, this paper was conducted in order to reduce expenditure and increase the resistance of the walls. The urban fabric of the area didn’t sustain much damage and only the exterior walls of the buildings were collapsed. Thus, the main aim of this article is to study different types of exterior walls for renewal and reconstruction of buildings in earthquake area. To approach this aim, using group decision-making method. This paper presents the comparison of FUZZY and AHP. in this regard, this research is centralized on types of exterior walls to reconstruct iran earthquake areas (Ahar, Heris, Varzeqan). five main methods have been chosen by asking experts in the related fields and to evaluate and select the best of exterior walls. finally 3D panel wall was selected as the optimal wall for reconstruction of earthquake area.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Mumtaz, Hamid, S. Habib Mughal, Maggie Stephenson, and Jitendra K. Bothara. "The challenges of reconstruction after the October 2005 Kashmir earthquake." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 41, no. 2 (2008): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.41.2.68-82.

Full text

Abstract:

The 8th October 2005 Kashmir Earthquake was one the largest earthquakes in Northern Pakistan in its recorded history. It caused an unprecedented level of damage and destruction in Pakistan Administered Kashmir (PAK) and the North Western Frontier Province (NWFP). It damaged or collapsed more than 0.6 million buildings - leaving 3.5 million people shelter less as winter approached. A large part of the earthquake-affected area is difficult to access and highly snow-prone, with rugged terrain and scattered settlements. It posed unique challenges and efforts on a massive-scale for reconstruction. For residential buildings, the Pakistan government adopted a house-owner driven approach. The reconstruction policy stated that the government and other agencies would provide equal technical assistance and subsidy to each family, without differentiating between who lost what. To increase capacity in earthquake-resistant construction, large-scale training of artisans, technicians, engineers, and community mobilisers has been conducted. Campaigns to “build back better” have raised awareness in the communities. Local Housing Reconstruction Centres have been established for training, advice, and dissemination of earthquake-resistant technology. This decentralised approach has helped in achieving reconstruction smoothly. This paper will present the authors’ first-hand experience in the reconstruction effort, and the opportunities and unique challenges faced.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Bruneau, Michel, and Gregory MacRae. "Building Structural Systems in Christchurch's Post-Earthquake Reconstruction." Earthquake Spectra 35, no. 4 (2019): 1953–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/052818eqs126o.

Full text

Abstract:

After the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquakes, much of the Christchurch Central Business District was demolished, and a new city is in the process of emerging in its place. A series of interviews conducted with key professionals involved with the reconstruction, together with data collected from various sources (including Christchurch's City Council database), has made it possible to (1) quantify variations in the selection of a structural system as a function of various parameters and (2) identify some of the drivers that have influenced decisions about the selection of structural material and specific structural systems used. Key points on factors that may affect post-earthquake structural engineering practice are drawn from the data collected. As such, the Christchurch rebuilding experience provides insights into some of the mechanisms that can dictate structural engineering decisions during the post-earthquake reconstruction of a modern city.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Zhou, Qiang, Bai Tao Sun, and Pei Lei Yan. "Comparative Analysis of Seismic Damage of the Earthquake Fortification and Non-Earthquake Fortification Masonry Buildings." Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.513.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, the typical seismic damage of earthquake fortification and non-earthquake fortification masonry buildings are analyzed and the causes are illustrated, which are based on a large number of earthquake disaster survey data of Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Ms6.4 Baotou earthquake and Ms7.8 Tangshan earthquake and so on. According to the damage statistics data of several past earthquakes of China in recent years, the difference of damaging phenomenon and rate of earthquake damage of earthquake fortification and non-earthquake fortification masonry buildings in highly and lowly seismic regions are discussed and analyzed. Finally, based on the analysis conclusions, how to improve the seismic capacity of masonry buildings are discussed combining current seismic design code of China and some reasonable suggestions on the post-disaster reconstruction of masonry buildings have been given.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

He, Min, and Bo Zhou. "Reflections on Livelihood Issue in Post-Disaster Reconstruction Planning of Wenchuan Earthquake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.233.

Full text

Abstract:

The 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake caused enormous casualties and property losses. The post-disaster reconstruction, difficult, complex, and long, is a continuous systematic process, of which the livelihood issue is of paramount importance. This paper, through the field investigation in disaster area, conducts an in-depth study on the post-disaster reconstruction current situation and the trend of public opinion, puts forward a few reflections, analyzes and explores the countermeasures, in order to provide valuable experience and ideas on the reconstruction planning after earthquakes in the future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Nakabayashi, Itsuki. "How to Optimize the Urban Recovery After Earthquake Disaster – Preparedness for Recovery from the Next Tokyo Earthquake –." Journal of Disaster Research 7, no. 2 (2012): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2012.p0227.

Full text

Abstract:

In Japan of recent 16 years, we have experienced three strong earthquake disasters, that are Hanshin-Awaji earthquake (1995) which hit metropolitan area, Niigata-ken Chuetsu earthquake (2004) which hit the aging rural and mountain area, and Eastern Japan Tsunami earthquake(2011) which hit coastal area. We learned from Hanshin-Awaji earthquake the importance of preparedness of urban recovery and reconstruction to optimize the post-disaster recovery and reconstruction from urban earthquake disaster. The author suggested Tokyo Metropolitan Government to prepare the pre-disaster recovery and reconstruction from the next Tokyo Earthquake. We continue to develop and revise the pre-disaster recovery and reconstruction measures and to implement the exercises of the pre-disaster recovery measures of officials and the community-based urban recovery and reconstruction collaborated with residents. Trough these developments of pre-disaster recovery measures and implementation of exercises, the concept of pre-disaster recovery and reconstruction are cleared. It is the important to publish the image and concept of urban reconstruction after disaster before the disaster, which is produced according to damage estimation research. In case of the next Tokyo earthquake, damages of houses are very huge. Approximately 850,000 buildings are collapsed and burned, and 1,600,000 homes are lost. It is important to prepare the reconstruction plan making and reconstruction procedure of projects. And also, it is important to prepare the methodology of individual recovery and reconstruction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Akbari, Reza, Seyyed Alireza Zareei, and Yasamin Rafiei. "Earthquake reconstruction lessons from Iran." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 170, no. 2 (2017): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jmuen.16.00011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Shishikura, Masanobu. "Recent Issues Affecting Forecast of Subduction Zone Great Earthquakes in Japan Through Paleoseismological Study." Journal of Disaster Research 9, no. 3 (2014): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2014.p0330.

Full text

Abstract:

Because the 2011 great Tohoku earthquake was accompanied by phenomena similar to those associated with the 869 Jogan earthquake, as reconstructed on the basis of historical and geological evidence, paleoseismology is recognized for its potential effectiveness in earthquake forecasting. In attempts to avoid such unexpected situations as the 2011 Tohoku event when taking disaster prevention measures, the Japanese government and local administrations announced a maximum class model for earthquakes and tsunamis that is not based on paleoseismological evidence. Thus, paleoseismologists must both inductively study the reconstruction of evidence fromthe past and deductively evaluate the maximum class earthquake and tsunami.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

UCHIDA, Naohito, and Yuya TAN. "Value of Earthquake Disaster Remains in Earthquake Disaster Reconstruction." Japanese Journal of Ergonomics 48, no. 3 (2012): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.48.138.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Kimura, Reo. "Recovery and Reconstruction Calendar." Journal of Disaster Research 2, no. 6 (2007): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2007.p0465.

Full text

Abstract:

We have developed a recovery and reconstruction calendar for clarifying the process that earthquake victims undergo in rebuilding their shattered lives. We have examined its reliability and stability and considered the generality of the process clarified by the proposed calendar. Concretely, based on results for the calendar in random surveys on the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and the 2004 Mid-Niigata Prefecture Earthquake, we concluded that (1) the recovery and reconstruction calendar is highly reliable and stable in clarifying the recovery and reconstruction process and (2) generalization can be recognized in this process in time phases after disasters despite differences in disaster size and mode.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Lv, Pin, Bin Liu, Mingkang Yuan, Suyue Han, Di Zhang, and Lv Zhang. "Analysis on the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Postearthquake Reconstruction Efficiency of the Extremely Earthquake-Stricken Areas by the Wenchuan Earthquake Based on the DEA-Malmquist Index." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (October 18, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9173659.

Full text

Abstract:

The Wenchuan earthquake, which occurred on May 12, 2008, caused a large number of casualties and substantial property losses. Postearthquake reconstruction is a complex and systematic project, the core of which is to enable the residents of the earthquake-stricken areas to resume normal productivity and life as soon as possible. This paper aims to evaluate the efficiency of postearthquake reconstruction in extremely earthquake-stricken areas. From the perspective of the inputs and outputs, the DEA-Malmquist index was used to construct a reconstruction efficiency evaluation model for the extremely stricken areas. Reconstruction efficiencies are analyzed for 10 areas that were severely impacted by the Wenchuan earthquake. Finally, three major disaster-pregnancy environmental factors, namely, including topography, fault zones, and river systems, are selected. Based on the temporal trend of reconstruction efficiency, the degree of correlation between the postearthquake reconstruction efficiency fluctuation and the three major disaster-pregnancy environmental factors is analyzed. The study results show that the overall reconstruction efficiency of the 10 extremely earthquake-stricken areas was relatively high. In 2011, the reconstruction efficiency basically returned the areas to preearthquake levels, and there was a small fluctuation in efficiency due to the effects of earthquake-induced hazards and the reduction of external forces. Spatially, the reconstruction efficiencies of the 10 extremely stricken areas do not show a “convergence effect,” and the reconstruction efficiencies were closely related to the characteristics of the resources in the extremely stricken areas. In terms of the main disaster-pregnancy environment, the terrain complexity is most closely related to fluctuation of reconstruction efficiency, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9975, followed by river network density and the lowest fault density. Therefore, to improve the reconstruction efficiency of the extremely earthquake-stricken areas, the adjustment measures that promote local advantages should be fully utilized to mitigate the lasting effects of earthquake-induced hazards.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Russell, James E. "Post Earthquake Reconstruction Regulation by Local Government." Earthquake Spectra 10, no. 1 (1994): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585770.

Full text

Abstract:

Decisions regarding reconstruction of earthquake damaged buildings are crucial to the effectiveness of a community's recovery and to its future safety. Two California cities are the focus of a comparison of the formulation and results of reconstruction policies and standards following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The Town of Los Gatos and the City of Oakland are very different in size and demography but suffered similar levels of earthquake damage. The technical content of the repair standards and the methods of administration adopted by these two cities provide a contrast in the way local governments handle these issues in the post-earthquake environment. A summary and comparison of the effectiveness of these standards is provided and recommendations are included for efforts to assist and prepare others to establish effective and balanced post-earthquake reconstruction policy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Musson, R. M. W. "Accuracy of historical earthquake locations in Britain." Geological Magazine 126, no. 6 (1989): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800006981.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIf historical earthquake data are to be used in studies of regional seismotectonics, it is essential to include information on likely locational uncertainty. Contributory factors include both geophysical parameters and the social environment of the event. A reconstruction of how a recent earthquake might have appeared had it occurred 300 years ago is used to demonstrate the effects of documentary survival. Limits of uncertainty are estimated for two historical earthquakes (7 October 1690 and 28 November 1880) and shown to be large. It is recommended that such events should be shown on epicentral maps as areas rather than points.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Ebara, Masaharu, Akihito Nishiyama, Taisuke Murata, and Reiko Sugimori. "Research on Pre-Modern Earthquakes Based on Fusion of Humanities and Sciences." Journal of Disaster Research 15, no. 2 (2020): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2020.p0076.

Full text

Abstract:

The Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami has reawakened people to the reality of large-scale earthquakes that recur in cycles of several hundred to a thousand years. The historical resources and archeology research group, which was established in 2014 within the Coordinating Committee of Earthquake and Volcanic Eruption Prediction Researches, is collaborating with researchers of seismology, history, archeology, and information science to investigate infrequent earthquakes using historical documents that record earthquakes and traces of disasters at archeological sites. To this end, we are creating a database of published historical sources of earthquakes to make the data readily accessible, and reexamining these sources and uncovering new historical material to investigate earthquakes that occurred in pre-modern times. We are also engaged in research on relief efforts for victims of past earthquakes and the post-disaster reconstruction process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Rafi, Muhammad Masood, Noman Ahmed, and Sarosh Hashmat Lodi. "Sustainable post-earthquake reconstruction in Pakistan." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 170, no. 2 (2017): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jcien.16.00015.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

SATO, Kei. "Community Activities Supporting Post-earthquake Reconstruction." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 17, no. 10 (2012): 10_84–10_87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.17.10_84.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Ghafory-Ashtiany, Mohsen, and Mahmood Hosseini. "Post-Bam earthquake: recovery and reconstruction." Natural Hazards 44, no. 2 (2007): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-007-9108-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Nakabayashi, Itsuki. "National Crisis and Resilience Planning – How to Measure Huge and Compound Disaster that Causes National Crisis –." Journal of Disaster Research 11, no. 5 (2016): 911–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2016.p0911.

Full text

Abstract:

In the last two decades, three great earthquakes have occurred in Japan: the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake of 1995, the Mid-Niigata earthquake of 2004, and the East Japan Earthquake of 2011. After the East Japan earthquake, a devastating tsunami caused significant casualties and home destruction. More than 18,500 people were killed and more than 121,000 homes were destroyed. In addition, the tsunami destroyed nuclear power stations, which resulted in a severe crisis not previously experienced in Japan.On the other hand, earthquake disasters on a huge scale have been announced to occur as probability of about 70% in the next three decades. One such earthquake is Tokyo inland earthquake that destroys 610,000 homes and kills 23,000 people, and the other is the Nankai Trough earthquake that destroys 2,380,000 homes and kills 320,000 people. In addition, compound disasters where one disaster merges with another disaster may cause damage on a mega scale in this century.In order to address these mega disasters, it is very important to make efforts to reduce damage in the pre-disaster period. According to local plans for national resilience, each municipality must make efforts to reduce level of damage which is able to response trough a Business Continuity Plan (BCP). In addition, each municipality must implement long-term urban projects with a vision toward reconstruction after a mega disaster trough a pre-disaster recovery and reconstruction plan. It is necessary to make revolutionary efforts rather than standard disaster management efforts to reduce damages in the pre-disaster period.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Kaneda, Yoshiyuki. "Resilience Science for a Resilience Society in Seismogenic and Tsunamigenic Countries." Journal of Disaster Research 12, no. 4 (2017): 712–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2017.p0712.

Full text

Abstract:

The world falls victim to many natural disasters, including disasters from tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tornados, hurricanes, floods, landslides, and droughts.Above all, attention has been drawn to destructive tsunamis and earthquakes, such as the 2004 Sumatra earthquake and tsunami, the 2010 Chile earthquake, and the 2011 East Japan earthquake and tsunami.My personal experience with disasters, tsunamis, and earthquakes has taught me that they can cause severe damage to buildings, the environment, and people in societies in coastal areas (Fig. 1).Since the East Japan earthquake and tsunami in 2011, restoration and revival from the extensive damage caused by the natural disasters has not progressed rapidly in the coastal areas of East Japan.There are many reasons for this, such as the lead times for restoration and recovery, reconstruction budgets, and the time spent generating consensus among the national government, local governments, and people living in the coastal areas on the restoration plans.Furthermore, mental and economic restoration for each individual affected by the disaster in coastal areas and others is very far from returning to the normal state – the one before the disaster.Therefore, advanced measures for disaster mitigation, restoration, and revival in coastal areas are indispensable in advance of the next destructive earthquake and tsunami.In this paper, I will first present examples of tsunami and earthquake damage in Japan and the rest of the world, and countermeasures, resilience science, and resilience society.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Bruneau, Michel, and Gregory A. MacRae. "Reconstructing Christchurch: Quantitative Findings on Shift in Building Structural Systems." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.11.

Full text

Abstract:

After the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquakes, much of the Christchurch Central Business District (CBD) was demolished and a new city has emerged in its place. A series of interviews conducted with key professionals involved with the reconstruction, together with data collected from various sources has made it possible to identify some of the drivers that have influenced decisions about the selection of structural material and specific structural systems used. Here, quantitative results obtained from this study are presented, in terms of structural systems, size of building in terms of square foot, as a function of time since the earthquake. The Christchurch rebuilding experience is most significant, providing a unique insight into some of the mechanisms that can dictate structural engineering decisions during the post-earthquake reconstruction of a modern city.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Koshimura, Shunichi, Satomi Hayashi, and Hideomi Gokon. "Lessons from the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami Disaster." Journal of Disaster Research 8, no. 4 (2013): 549–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2013.p0549.

Full text

Abstract:

Based on a comprehensive study of the lessons from the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami that devastatedmuch of the northeast Japan (Tohoku), we discuss insights into reconstruction and tsunamiresilient communities. Through field measurement, remote sensing, and numerical modeling approaches with spatial information sciences, we clarified the hydrodynamic characteristics of the tsunami inundation flow, the tsunami fragility curves. As observed in devastated areas and the analysis of the tsunami fragility curves, buildings were especially vulnerable when the local flow depth exceeded 2 m, while a 6 m flow depth would cause everything to be washed away. The findings and results lead to implications for land use management and relocation planning for reconstructing tsunami-resilient coastal communities. As a case study, we conducted the numerical tsunami modeling in Sendai city to evaluate the performance of the reconstruction plan based on the land use and coastal protection scenarios.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Haris, Muhammad, Abdur Rehman Cheema, and Chamila Subasinghe. "Why lessons learnt are lost." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 28, no. 5 (2019): 677–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-04-2019-0103.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reduce the gap in understanding the complexity of barriers, their modifiers and how these barriers and their modifiers result in malpractices and missed good practices in post-earthquake reconstruction contexts. This paper provides insights to the often asked question: why the lessons learnt from one earthquake event are not actually learnt and many of the mistakes around housing reconstruction are repeated? Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on the review of the literature of the top deadliest earthquakes in the developing countries and the two case studies of the 2005 Kashmir and 2015 earthquake in Pakistan. Findings Multifarious barriers, their modifiers, malpractices and missed good practices are deeply interwoven, and endemic and include weak financial standing, lack of technical know-how, vulnerable location, social and cultural preference, affordability and availability of materials, over-emphasis on technical restrictions, inefficient policies, lack of clarity in institutional roles, monitoring and training. Research limitations/implications The study is desk based. Practical implications A better understanding of barriers can help disaster-related organisations to improve the planning and implementation of post-earthquake housing reconstruction. Social implications The study contributes to the understanding concerning various social and cultural preferences that negotiate the Build Back Better (BBB) process. Originality/value The study offers a distinctive perspective synthesising the literature and the two case studies to sharpen the understanding of the complexity of barriers to BBB.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Teng, Jun, Chun Kai He, and Jian Hua Chen. "Damage Assessment Method of High-Rise Structure Based on Monitoring Data and Numerical Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 5242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.5242.

Full text

Abstract:

Accurately and quickly evaluate the damage of high-rise buildings can effectively reduce economic losses and speed up the reconstruction of the earthquake region. Based on monitoring data and numerical simulation, this paper proposed a method to evaluate the damage of high-rise structures suffered earthquakes. Taking a frame-tube structure as example, the method’s availability is verified. The results can coincide well with the experimental phenomenon and the fuzzy evaluation results based on the monitoring data. This method can accurately and effectively evaluate the general damage degree of high-rise structures post-earthquake.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Jian, Wen Bin, and Run Li. "Geological Disasters Induced by Wenchuan Earthquake and Site Selection for Post-Earthquake Reconstruction." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1256.

Full text

Abstract:

Based on the field investigation for secondary geological hazards induced by 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, the types of geological disasters during or after earthquake are analyzed in this paper. The main secondary geological hazards are rock fall and collapse, landslide, debris flow, dammed lake，sand liquefaction and so on. The development and distribution rules of secondary geo-hazards, with a long-term sustainability and a formation of hazard chains, are of relation with earthquake fault zone, and consistent with seismic intensity. The buildings located in secondary geo-hazards areas with a high risk are damaged severely, thus the site selection for post-earthquake reconstruction and related geotechnical engineering issue are discussed, which are useful in reconstruction of Wenchuan earthquake area.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Yang, W. T., M. Wang, N. Kerle, C. J. Van Westen, L. Y. Liu, and P. J. Shi. "Analysis of changes in post-seismic landslide distribution and its effect on building reconstruction." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 4 (2015): 817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-817-2015.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Six years after the devastating Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, new landslides, debris flows, and flash floods still occur frequently in the earthquake-stricken regions. This shows that the geological hazards that occur after a major earthquake in a mountainous environment can be a long-term threat. However, post-earthquake reconstruction and relocation of local residents often neglect this evolving threat, and its interaction with existing and rebuilt houses has not been well studied. Here we show that the evolving mountain environment, including the changed geographic distribution of new landslides and the continuously uplifting riverbed, creates emerging risks for existing and rebuilt houses. We use spatial analysis of landslide debris and the location of houses from high-resolution images and field survey in the study area and find that new landslides and the houses rebuilt after the Wenchuan earthquake have a similar trend of moving to lower elevations, gentler slopes, and closer to rivers. This study confirms that the persistent downward movement of landslide debris has rapidly filled up riverbeds over the past 6 years. The elevated riverbeds make the study area extremely susceptible to flash floods, creating further risks to newly rebuilt houses that are closer to the river. We highlight the often neglected dynamic process that involves changes in the natural environment and man-made constructions and their interaction. This dynamic process requires long-term monitoring and adaptive management of mountainous regions after major earthquakes that can fully consider the sophisticated evolving risks caused by the changing environment, exposure, and vulnerability in the region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Yang, W. T., M. Wang, N. Kerle, C. J. Westen, L. Y. Liu, and P. J. Shi. "Analysis of changes in post-seismic landslide distribution and its effect on building reconstruction." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 8 (2014): 5501–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-5501-2014.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Six years after the devastating Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake, new landslides, debris flows, and flash floods still occur frequently in the earthquake-stricken regions. This shows the geological hazards that occur after a major earthquake in a mountainous environment can be a long-term threat. However, post-earthquake reconstruction and relocation of local residents often neglect this evolving threat, and its interaction with existing and rebuilt houses has not been well studied. Here we show that the evolving mountain environment, including the changed geographic distribution of new landslides and the continuously uplifting riverbed, creates emerging risks for existing and rebuilt houses. We use spatial analysis of landslide debris and the location of houses from high-resolution images and field survey in the study area, and find that new landslides and the houses rebuilt after the Wenchuan Earthquake have a similar trend of moving to lower elevations, gentler slopes, and closer to rivers. This study confirms that the persistent downward movement of landslide debris has rapidly filled up riverbeds over the past 6 yr. The elevated riverbeds make the study area extremely susceptible to flash floods, creating further risks to newly rebuilt houses that are closer to the river. We highlight the often neglected dynamic process that involves changes in the natural environment and man-made constructions, and their interaction. This dynamic process requires long-term monitoring and adaptive management of mountainous regions after major earthquakes that can fully consider the sophisticated evolving risks caused by the changing environment, exposure and vulnerability in the region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Mavroulis, Spyridon, and Efthymis Lekkas. "Revisiting the Most Destructive Earthquake Sequence in the Recent History of Greece: Environmental Effects Induced by the 9, 11 and 12 August 1953 Ionian Sea Earthquakes." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (2021): 8429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188429.

Full text

Abstract:

The August 1953 seismic sequence comprised the most destructive events in the recent history of Greece. The mainshock on 12 August, and its foreshocks on 9 and 11 August, devastated the southern Ionian Islands. The existing literature emphasized the destructive effects of the earthquakes on buildings, as well as to the emergency response and recovery actions. This resulted in a large gap in capturing the full picture of the earthquake’s environmental effects. The present study aims to fill this gap by reconstructing the most complete picture possible of the primary and secondary effects on the environment of the southern Ionian Islands by the August 1953 earthquakes. This reconstruction is based on all available sources, comprising not only the existing scientific literature, but especially sources that have not been considered to date, including newspapers of local and national circulation. In total, 120 cases of the earthquake’s environmental effects were identified, comprised of 33 cases of primary and 87 cases of secondary effects. In descending order of occurrence, slope failures, co-seismic uplift, hydrological anomalies, ground cracks, tsunami, liquefaction, dust clouds, hydrocarbon-related phenomena, jumping stones and vegetation effects were distributed mainly in Cephalonia Island and secondarily in the Ithaki and Zakythos Islands. The primary effects were mainly detected in eastern Cephalonia, which presented uplift of up to 70 cm, while the majority of the secondary effects were triggered in specific zones with characteristics that made them susceptible to the occurrence of earthquake-related hazards.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Celebi, Mehmet. "Earthquake Code for Design and Construction." Earthquake Spectra 9, no. 1_suppl (1993): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585750.

Full text

Abstract:

The first earthquake code in Turkey was enacted in 1944. Revisions were issued in 1949, 1953, 1961, 1968 and 1975. At the time of March 13, 1992 Erzincan earthquake, the seismic resistant design code in effect was the code adopted in 1975, Specifications for Structures to be Built in Disaster Areas. The code has provisions for other disasters—avalanches, landslides, floods, and fire—in addition to earthquakes. The code was prepared under the auspices of and issued by the General Directorate of Disaster Affairs of the Ministry of Public Works and Settlement (formerly Ministry of Reconstruction and Resettlement) and enacted into law by ruling of the Council of Ministers. The complete code is included in the latest issue of Earthquake Resistant Regulations: A World List, published by the International Association for Earthquake Engineering (1988). A draft of revisions to the 1975 Turkish building code is currently in the final review process. This proposed code revision was being circulated for review at the time of the March 13 earthquake.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Sengara, I. Wayan, Nanang Puspito, Engkon Kertapati, and Hendarto. "Survey of Geotechnical Engineering Aspects of the December 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Indian Ocean Tsunami and the March 2005 Nias–Simeulue Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 3_suppl (2006): 495–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2205199.

Full text

Abstract:

Reconnaissance surveys of building and infrastructure damage related to geotechnical engineering aspects were conducted four to six weeks after the 26 December 2004 earthquake and five weeks after the 28 March 2005 earthquake. These surveys identified many instances of building collapse and infrastructure damage that were probably caused by strong ground shaking and/or liquefaction-induced foundation or embankment failures. The survey results suggest the need for earthquake engineering research that identifies likely future earthquakes and their ground motion characteristics. Because of the observed variation in the level of damage, a seismic microzonation study should be performed to identify the spatial variability of strong ground shaking for the purpose of reconstruction and future planning of cities in Nangroe Aceh Darrusalam Province and Nias Island.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Tang, Chenxiao, Xinlei Liu, Yinghua Cai, et al. "Monitoring of the reconstruction process in a high mountainous area affected by a major earthquake and subsequent hazards." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 4 (2020): 1163–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1163-2020.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Recovering from major earthquakes is a challenge, especially in mountainous environments where postearthquake hazards may cause substantial impacts for prolonged periods of time. Although such impacts were reported in the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake and the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, careless reconstruction in hazard-prone areas and consequently huge losses were witnessed following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the Sichuan province of China, as several reconstructed settlements were severely damaged by mass movements and floods. In order to summarize experiences and identify problems in the reconstruction planning, a monitoring of one of the settlements, the town of Longchi, was carried out by image interpretation and field investigation. Seven inventories containing buildings, farmlands, roads and mitigation measures were made to study the dynamics of elements at risk and exposure over a period of 11 years. It was found that the total economic value of the newly reconstructed buildings was several times more than in the preearthquake situation in 2007, because of enormous governmental investment. Postseismic hazards were not sufficiently taken into consideration in the recovery planning before the catastrophic debris flow disaster in 2010. As a result, the direct economic loss from postseismic disasters was slightly more than the loss caused by the Wenchuan earthquake itself. The society showed an impact-adapt pattern, experiencing losses from disasters and then gaining resistance by abandoning buildings in hazard-prone areas and installing mitigation measures. The locations potentially exposed to postearthquake hazards were summarized, and a possible timetable for reconstruction was proposed. Problems might be encountered in hazard assessment, and possible solutions were discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Joshi, Vishal M., and Hemant B. Kaushik. "Historic Earthquake-Resilient Structures in Nepal and Other Himalayan Regions and Their Seismic Restoration." Earthquake Spectra 33, no. 1_suppl (2017): 299–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/121616eqs240m.

Full text

Abstract:

Since 1255, major earthquakes have struck Nepal. This article looks at the history of these earthquakes and how they impacted the region and its heritage. The recent April 2015 earthquake was characterized by the widespread destruction of historic buildings. It is worth noting that not all of the historic buildings succumbed to the earthquake. In the Kathmandu Valley, more than a handful of restored or reconstructed historic structures survived the force of the quake. Structures such as the Cyasilin Mandap, Patan Museum, 55 Windows Palace, and the south wing of the Sundari Chowk stood their ground. However, the Nepalese government would like to reconstruct the destroyed heritage using the traditional methods and materials. So what can we learn from the past? Can the past guide our future reconstruction? Is there a method that is traditional, and, at the same time, resistant to earthquakes?

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Koshiyama, Kenji. "Problems in Housing Restoration After the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake." Journal of Disaster Research 2, no. 5 (2007): 335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2007.p0335.

Full text

Abstract:

This study clarifies housing recovery problems in areas stricken by the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, using findings of surveys on the situation 5 years later. These problems included a lack of consistency in support measures and the image targeted in urban reconstruction after reconstruction. Results of individual housing recovery lead to confusion about reconstruction in communities and town blocks. Housing reconstruction after the earthquake had two missions: (1) "Lifestyle reconstruction" for victims and (2) implementation realizing a safe city through "city remodeling." The major lesson of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake would be that, along with the development of solutions based on previous planning in housing recovery and restoration, the importance of proactive measures should be appropriately recognized – alleviation of housing and urban damage taking into account the difficulty of postdisaster planning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Martinez, Edin. "El Salvador: Post Earthquake Housing Reconstruction Programme." Open House International 30, no. 4 (2005): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2005-b0007.

Full text

Abstract:

FUNDASAL's housing reconstruction programme demonstrates how successful community development can result from rebuilding after a devastating earthquake. Appropriate earthquake resistant housing designs have been developed and training is provided in construction and maintenance techniques, as well as business and community leadership skills. To date, 6,472 houses have been completed with households providing the labour. Secure title has been provided where necessary and 1,400 small businesses have been established, many led by women. The local municipalities have been actively involved throughout and welcome the increasing citizen participation that has resulted from the programme.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Jia, Huicong, Fang Chen, Donghua Pan, and Chuanrong Zhang. "The Impact of Earthquake on Poverty: Learning from the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (2018): 4704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124704.

Full text

Abstract:

How to combine disaster prevention and mitigation, post-disaster reconstruction and poverty alleviation has become a new hot issue. On 12 May 2008, a major earthquake devastated the Wenchuan area in Sichuan Province in the heartland of China. After ten-years have passed, it is a good time to review what we learned from the Great Wenchuan earthquake. The impact of Wenchuan earthquake on poverty-stricken counties, poverty-stricken villages, and poverty-stricken households was analyzed. Suggestions for improving the method of combining disaster prevention, post-disaster reconstruction, and poverty alleviation were proposed. The results from this research could serve as an important reference for formulation of the poverty alleviation and development program after a major earthquake.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

MASUDA, Satoru. "S5-1 Human Factors of Earthquake Reconstruction." Japanese Journal of Ergonomics 54, Supplement (2018): S5–1—S5–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.54.s5-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Baker, T. "Real-time Earthquake Location Using Kirchhoff Reconstruction." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 95, no. 2 (2005): 699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040123.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Ishikawa, Hayato, Hiroshi Nishino, Makoto Nakajima, and Shunsuke Kotani. "The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake; Reconstruction and Countermeasures." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 75, no. 3 (2017): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.75.259.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Opricovic, Serafim, and Gwo-Hshiung Tzeng. "Multicriteria Planning of Post-Earthquake Sustainable Reconstruction." Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 17, no. 3 (2002): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8667.00269.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

K. Mishra, Pramod. "Beyond Reconstruction: Some Innovative Aspects of the Gujarat Earthquake Reconstruction Programme." Indian Journal of Public Administration 51, no. 2 (2005): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120050206.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

MATSUSHIMA, Keisuke, and Sakae MITSUI. "Measuring Impacts of Kumamoto Earthquake Disaster by Earthquake Damage and Reconstruction Index." Studies in Regional Science 49, no. 1 (2019): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2457/srs.49.79.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Svirchev, L., Y. Li, L. Yan, C. He, and B. L. Ma. "(A37) Characteristics and Evaluation of China's Earthquake Disaster Management Systems." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (2011): s11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11000501.

Full text

Abstract:

BackgroundThis presentation summarizes our ongoing hybrid sociological-geological research into China's earthquake disaster management systems. Our methodology is a grounded research approach, based firstly on field observations related to the Wenchuan earthquake, including interviews with survivors and professionals responsible for disaster management; secondly on an extensive review of the English-language disaster management literature. China's earth scientists, frequently in collaboration with international scientists, have created a substantial English-language literature, but the social literature on disasters in China is scant. China's geographic variation is complex, with significant fault lines criss-crossing the nation.DiscussionApproximately half of the population lives in areas with a high risk of earthquakes. The two most-devastating of these since 1949 were the 1976 point-source Tangshan earthquake with mortality of 242,419, and the 2008 huge-area Wenchuan earthquake with mortality of 69,226. Our research has found that China's earthquake disaster management systems at the local, provincial, and national levels respond rapidly to earthquakes. National mobilization for rescue-relief after the Tangshan earthquake began within six hours, and within two hours for the Wenchuan earthquake. These systems are also characterized by reconstruction planning that functions in parallel to, and melds into, the relief effort streams. China's major infrastructure projects, such as hydro-electric power dams, are designed to resist extreme earthquake; however, rural mountain populations and the historic built-environment have low earthquake resistance, conditions which will endure for a long time.ConclusionsAs a result of the Wenchuan earthquake, China has undertaken ambitious three-dimensional monitoring and response programs. We recommend studies and action to reconnoiter, investigate, and prevent population exposure to geo-hazards, particularly in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In summary, China excels at disaster response but has not yet entered a development era of preventing the population's exposure to earthquake hazards.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Moscaritolo, Gabriele Ivo. "Reconstruction as a Long-Term Process. Memory, Experiences and Cultural Heritage in the Irpinia Post-Earthquake (November 23, 1980)." Geosciences 10, no. 8 (2020): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10080316.

Full text

Abstract:

Reconstruction after an earthquake is often seen as a material issue, which concerns “objects” such as houses, roofs, and streets. This point of view is supported by the mass media showing the work progress in the disaster areas, especially in conjunction with anniversaries. Rather, we should consider reconstruction as a complex social process in which cultural backgrounds, expectations, and ideas of the future come into play, without neglecting geological, historical, legislative, economic, and political factors. Combining oral history sources and archival records, the article shows the paths taken by two small towns among the most affected by the earthquake of 23rd November 1980 (Mw 6.9). These towns have made opposite reconstruction choices (in situ and ex novo) representing two classical and different ways in which human societies can face their past and think their own future. A careful analysis of these forty-year experiences, with a special focus on cultural heritage, provides useful indications for post-disaster reconstructions in which more attention to the process, and not just to the final product, should be paid.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Gurung, P., and C. Adhikari. "Vulnerability Analysis to Prioritize the Reconstruction of Earthquake Affected Drinking Water Systems." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 24 (April 10, 2019): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v24i0.23577.

Full text

Abstract:

In 2015, two massive earthquakes occurred in the central region of Nepal, killing more than 8000 people. The disaster destroyed many houses and public infrastructures and severely affected 14 districts in the central region of Nepal. Most of the affected people were disconnected from basic services such as safe drinking water. Being a basic human need, essential to live a healthy life, drinking water scheme rehabilitation project was initiated by many non-governmental agencies in coordination with the Government of Nepal (GoN). However, due to the limitation of the funds and time, most of the implementing agencies faced problems to prioritize schemes and the communities, which at first needed to focus to reinstate. Therefore, a vulnerable ranking method was adopted to distinguish the priorities to reconstruct damaged and totally destroyed water schemes in Dhading, Gorkha, Nuwakot, and Rasuwa districts of Nepal, which are the districts in the most earthquake affected region. In the process of vulnerability ranking, three major community level parameters and indicators were considered for the ranking. 1) Number of households without safe drinking water after an earthquake, 2) Number of households without improved sanitation after an earthquake, and 3) Disadvantage Group (DAG) ranking of the Village Development Committees (VDCs) of the districts. This process of ranking using community level parameters technique is able to substantiate a justice scientifically in front of the communities, government, donor, and other stakeholders in the selection of VDCs to rehabilitate the drinking water schemes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Earthquake reconstruction'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles