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1
Gunawan, Nanang, Aylie Han, and Buntara Sthenly Gan. "Proposed Design Philosophy for Seismic-Resistant Buildings." Civil Engineering Dimension 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/ced.21.1.1-5.
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Modern seismic design and technologies have undergone tremendous developments. In modern design codes, building structures subjected to high earthquake loads are allowed to experience plastic deformations without collapsing, and the design is permitted up to the ultimate strength. According to comparative results in Japan, the number of humans injured due to earthquakes is higher than the number of deaths/missing. Likewise, the number of residential buildings that collapsed are less than the partially damaged buildings. This outcome implies that residential buildings designed based on the revised seismic standards have good earthquake resistances. It also infers that the human deaths/injury casualties were not a result of the collapsed the structure, but due to the strong vibrations originated from the earthquake, yielding in the collapse of non-structural elements such as ceilings and bookshelves. This paper presents a proposed design philosophy that attempts to implement the effect of earthquakes to non-fatal human casualties
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Teddy, Livian, Johannes Adiyanto, and Husnul Hidayat. "Identifying geometric configuration of earthquake-resistant buildings." ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v6i2.839.
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Indonesia is an earthquake-prone area because it is located at the world's most active tectonic plates and hundreds of local faults. Obviously, there have been many earthquake victims caused by collapsed buildings, hence the need for earthquake-resistant construction. However, there is not much guidance for architects to design earthquake-resistant buildings. This research proposes guidance for architects on how to design building forms relatively able to resist earthquakes. The simulation experiment method involving 32 building models in various forms was employed. The experimental results were then analyzed with modal analysis in ETABS and SVA for architectural design. Based on the analysis report, some guidelines were proposed: 1). Avoid buildings that are too slender, use the slenderness ratio H/D ≤ 2, 2). Avoid soft stories where the ratio of the top column height (h) to the bottom column height (h1) ≤ 0.8, 3). Use symmetrical shapes with 1 or 2 axes and avoid shapes with random compositions, 4). Use the additive and subtractive mass transformation ≤ 15%, 5).Strengthen the structural elements, install shear walls, or use dilatation to minimize potential torsional irregularities and non-parallel system irregularities of L, T, U, +, and Z forms6). Avoid using non-axial asymmetrical forms.
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Ambatkar, Ms Sayali. "Design and Analysis of Earthquake Resistant Building (Three Storeyed R.C.C. School Building) using STAAD.PRO." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 2846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35427.
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The field of Earthquake Engineering has existed in our country for over 35 years now. Indian earthquake engineers have made significant contributions to the seismic safety of several important structures in the country. However, as the recent earthquakes have shown, the performance of normal structures during past Indian earthquakes has been less satisfactory. This is mainly due to the lack of awareness amongst most practising engineers of the special provisions that need to be followed in earthquake resistant design and thereafter in construction. In India, the multi-storied building is constructed due to high cost and scarcity of land. In order to utilize maximum land area, builders and architects generally proposed asymmetrical plan configuration. These asymmetrical plan buildings, which are constructed in seismic prone areas, are likely to be damaged during earthquake. Earthquake is a natural phenomenon which can be generate the most destructive forces on structure. Buildings should be made Safe for lives by proper design and detailing of structural member in order to have a ductile form of failure. The concept of earthquake resistant design is that the building should be designed to resist the forces, which arises due to Design Basic Earthquake, with only minor damages and the forces which arises due to Maximum Considered Earthquake, with some accepted structural damages but no collapse. This paper studies the Earthquake Resisting Building.
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Wariyatno, Nanang Gunawan, Han Ay Lie, Fu-Pei Hsiao, and Buntara Sthenly Gan. "Design Philosophy for Buildings’ Comfort-Level Performance." Advances in Technology Innovation 6, no. 3 (May 27, 2021): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2021.7309.
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The data reported by Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) show that the fatal casualties and severe injuries are due to heavy shaking during massive earthquakes. Current earthquake-resistant building standards do not include comfort-level performance. Hence, a new performance design philosophy is proposed in this research to evaluate the quantitative effect of earthquake-induced shaking in a building. The earthquake-induced response accelerations in a building are analysed, and the response accelerations related with the characteristic property of the building are used to evaluate the number of Seismic Intensity Level (SIL). To show the indispensability of the newly proposed comfort-level design philosophy, numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the comfort level on different floors in a building. The results show that the evaluation of residents’ comfort levels should be considered in the current earthquake-resistant building design codes.
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Istiono, Heri, and Azhar Yusuf Ramadhan. "Analisis Pengaruh P-Delta Effect Terhadap Perbedaan Ketinggian Struktur Gedung Tahan Gempa (Studi Kasus : Non-Highrise Building)." Rekayasa Sipil 14, no. 3 (October 25, 2020): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2020.014.03.8.
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The need for earthquake resistant buildings in Indonesia is something that needs to be considered. Considering that Indonesia is an earthquake prone area. A building structure must be designed to be able to withstand lateral loads such as earthquakes within the limits set by the code/standards. For conservative reasons analysis of the P-Delta Effect needs to be considered because the building development ratio will always increase every time. according to SNI 1726-2019 the P-Delta effect is only required for the design of tall buildings. In this case, the P-Delta effect will be calculated in the modeling of non-high-rise buildings and get the results that P-Delta Effect increased story forces: moment of the building under 10%.
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Otani, Shunsuke. "Earthquake Resistant Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings." Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology 2, no. 1 (2004): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/jact.2.3.
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Gautam, Dipendra. "The building features acquired from the indigenous technology contributing in the better performance during earthquake: a case study of Bhaktapur City." Journal of Science and Engineering 2 (January 30, 2014): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsce.v2i0.22486.
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This paper compiles the indigenous technologies adopted in the Bhaktapur municipality, Nepal in the unreinforced masonry construction of traditional Newari houses constituting more than 90% buildings in Bhaktapur municipality and their significance during the earthquake. The building units adopted in this area are studied with respect to their performance during earthquake on the basis of seismic resistant design philosophy. The traditionally built non-engineered buildings have drawn the attention of disaster managers for many years; in this regard, the unreinforced masonry buildings (Newari houses) were assessed after the Sikkim-Nepal boarder earthquake of 2011.Still, the buildings constructed before the starting of engineering construction in Nepal are widely used for residential purpose at this culturally rich city and the traditional building construction technology which is the indigenous technology has been practiced for centuries too. The building features are analyzed with respect to their seismic performance and their contribution was analyzed as per the historical database; established practices and theories for earthquake resistant design (EQRD). The collected features and the analyses proved the features of the buildings to be sound during earthquake, though; the buildings were constructed with indigenous technology which nevertheless consults the EQRD within it. The indigenous technology at this city has been attached with the culture of the Newars for centuries.
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Park, Y. J., A. H.-S. Ang, and Y. K. Wen. "Damage-Limiting Aseismic Design of Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 3, no. 1 (February 1987): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585416.
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A procedure for earthquake-resistant design is developed to limit the potential damage of buildings to a tolerable level. The procedure is based on the damage model developed earlier (Park and Ang, 1984) in which structural damage is expressed as a function of the maximum deformation and dissipated hysteretic energy. The tolerable degree of damage is defined on the basis of calibration with observed damages from past major earthquakes. The design method is examined in the context of reliability.
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Saatcioglu, Murat, and JagMohan Humar. "Dynamic analysis of buildings for earthquake-resistant design." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 338–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-108.
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The proposed 2005 edition of the National Building Code of Canada specifies dynamic analysis as the preferred method for computing seismic design forces and deflections, while maintaining the equivalent static force method for areas of low seismicity and for buildings with certain height limitations. Dynamic analysis procedures are categorized as either linear (elastic) dynamic analysis, consisting of the elastic modal response spectrum method or the numerical integration linear time history method, or nonlinear (inelastic) response history analysis. While both linear and nonlinear analyses require careful analytical modelling, the latter requires additional considerations for proper simulation of hysteretic response and necessitates a special study that involves detailed review of design and supporting analyses by an independent team of engineers. The paper provides an overview of dynamic analysis procedures for use in seismic design, with discussions on mathematical modelling of structures, structural elements, and hysteretic response. A discussion of the determination of structural period to be used in association with the equivalent static force method is presented.Key words: dynamic analysis, earthquake engineering, elastic analysis, fundamental period, hysteretic modelling, inelastic analysis, National Building Code of Canada, seismic design, structural analysis, structural design.
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Kani, Nagahide. "Current State of Seismic-Isolation Design." Journal of Disaster Research 4, no. 3 (June 1, 2009): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2009.p0175.
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Japan has the world’s highest number of seismic-isolation structures - a figure that has been gradually increasing since the 1995 South Hyogo earthquake that devastated Kobe and its environs. It is the main reason that two seismically isolated buildings in Kobe have shown good performance during and after earthquakes. As the awareness of the benefits of seismic isolation has grown, it is being accepted more among people, to maintain structural safety and functionality during and after earthquakes. Safety, property value, and functionality must be maintained by the earthquake-resistance performance of buildings. This seismic isolation system is the appropriate earthquake-resistant method in consideration of satisfying these three items, and positive in the design of structures, such as residences, hospitals, and high-rise buildings, then in retrofitting. This paper focuses on the current status of seismically isolated structures and problems in seismic isolation design.
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Chandler, A. M., and G. L. Hutchinson. "A modified approach to earthquake resistant design of torsionally coupled buildings." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 21, no. 2 (June 30, 1988): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.21.2.140-153.
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All major building codes employ empirical procedures to account for modal coupling between the lateral and torsional responses of a structure. These procedures are implemented using expressions defining an equivalent static design torque. The provisions are based largely on the results of parametric investigations of the earthquake response of simple single-storey building models, which are found to be representative of regular multi-storey structures. This paper presents results obtained by the analysis of the time-history earth- quake response of a single storey mono-symmetric building model, leading to the development of an alternative approach for defining the design torque for torsionally coupled buildings. The procedure is based on the concept of effective eccentricity, in which the design lateral displacements of key structural members on the edge of the building are matched to the results of a dynamic analysis. A close approximation to the dynamic responses is derived over the relevant ranges of the important parameters. These parameters include the ratio of torsional to translational natural frequencies, which strongly influences the magnitude of torsional coupling effects in asymmetric buildings.
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Zaidir. "Repair and retrofitting of buildings post earthquake." E3S Web of Conferences 156 (2020): 05023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015605023.
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This paper discusses the damage types, repair methods and retrofitting of buildings post an earthquake. Data were taken by conducting surveys and assessment of buildings directly, both engineered and non-engineered buildings affected by the West Sumatra earthquake in 2009. Some causes of damage, among them is the detailing of reinforcement that do not follow the existing standard, soft-story effect, foundation failure, low material quality and does not meet the requirements, design and implementation of the construction do not follow the rules and technical provisions of the building earthquake resistant. Improvement and buildings retrofitting can be done after the buildings damage types or its components/parts and the quality of the building materials used were known. The structural analysis was done in order to know the cause of the building elements damaged and if the results of analysis with the latest regulations earthquake load, the building structures is able to withstand the earthquake loads and a repair is not required, but if not, the retrofitting is required.
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Calledda, Carlo, Augusto Montisci, and Maria Cristina Porcu. "Optimal Design of Earthquake-Resistant Buildings Based on Neural Network Inversion." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 4654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104654.
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An effective seismic design entails many issues related to the capacity-based assessment of the non-linear structural response under strong earthquakes. While very powerful structural calculation programs are available to assist the designer in the code-based seismic analysis, an optimal choice of the design parameters leading to the best performance at the lowest cost is not always assured. The present paper proposes a procedure to cost-effectively design earthquake-resistant buildings, which is based on the inversion of an artificial neural network and on an optimization algorithm for the minimum total cost under building code constraints. An exemplificative application of the method to a reinforced-concrete multi-story building, with seismic demands corresponding to a medium-seismicity Italian zone, is shown. Three design-governing parameters are assumed to build the input matrix, while eight capacity-design target requirements are assigned for the output dataset. A non-linear three-dimensional concentrated plasticity model of the structure is implemented, and time-history dynamic analyses are carried out with spectrum-consistent ground motions. The results show the promising ability of the proposed approach for the optimal design of earthquake-resistant structures.
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E.V., Shipacheva, Pirmatov R. Kh., and Turdalieva M.K. "Heat Engineering Heterogeneity Of The Outer Walls Of Earthquake-Resistant Buildings." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 02, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume02issue12-01.
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When assessing the level of energy efficiency of civilian buildings, a special place is given to establishing the level of thermal protection of their external enclosing structures. Significant discrepancies in the results of theoretical and experimental studies of heat fluxes through the outer walls of buildings erected in seismic areas are associated with the design features of fences - the presence of reinforced concrete elements in them: anti-seismic belts at the level of floors, cores at intersections of walls and along the edges of large window openings ... In addition, in recent years, external walls have become widespread, which are filling of bricks or aerated concrete blocks between the main structural elements of the frame - monolithic reinforced concrete columns and crossbars. The introduction of reinforced concrete elements into the structure of the external wall fencing provides strength, rigidity and stability of buildings, guarantees its seismic resistance. At the same time, reinforced concrete inclusions are significant “cold bridges” in warmer brick or aerated concrete masonry. Such heat engineering heterogeneity of earthquake-resistant outer walls significantly complicates the process of determining their heat-shielding properties. This, in turn, leads to errors in the design of heating systems, which inevitably affects the thermal comfort of the premises, the formation of condensation and mold zones in the cold zones of the inner surface of the fences. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies to determine the heat-shielding properties of external heat-engineering heterogeneous walls of earthquake-resistant buildings. The most reliable method for calculating the reduced resistance to heat transfer of an inhomogeneous external structure and the coefficient of its thermal inhomogeneity have been established.
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Lin, Jeng Hsiang. "Seismic Performance Evaluation of Buildings in Taiwan." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 1854–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.1854.
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Integrating the available research results from fragility analysis of building structures and seismic hazard analysis, this study explored some probability information for current earthquake resistant design for general buildings and examined structural performance of buildings under the action of earthquake motions. The results of this study show that performance objectives suggested by FEMA are not realized for the buildings of light steel, pre-cast concrete, reinforced masonry, and un-reinforced masonry, designed according to the Taiwan seismic design standards. The results may provide some valuable information for future code calibration in Taiwan.
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Ecemis, Ali Serdar. "Why buildings collapse in the earthquakes, Turkey case." International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 25265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijecs/v9i12.4548.
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Many European countries with shores to the Mediterranean are under earthquake risk. Earthquakes in Turkey in the last 50 years caused lost of more than 50,000 human lives. Reinforced concrete buildings can collapse and cause loss of life even in earthquakes smaller than the design earthquakes defined by the seismic code. In this study, housing construction system and earthquake-resistant buildings in terms of system production problems in Turkey were discussed. The most common damage types after earthquakes are summarized.
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Kyrkos, Miltiadis T., and Stavros A. Anagnostopoulos. "Improved earthquake resistant design of eccentric steel buildings." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 47 (April 2013): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.07.011.
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PANAGIOTAKOS, T. B., and M. N. FARDIS. "DEFORMATION-CONTROLLED EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT DESIGN OF RC BUILDINGS." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 3, no. 4 (October 1999): 495–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632469909350357.
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Krishna, T. G. N. C. Vamsi, V. Amani, P. S. Sunil Kumar*, CH Naveen Kumar, and M. Srinivas. "Dynamic Seismic Analysis and Design of R.C.C Multi Purpose Building (G+15) By using E-Tabs." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 10 (August 30, 2021): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.j9418.08101021.
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An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the earth caused by the breaking and shifting of rock beneath the earth’s surface. Earthquakes are among the most powerful events on earth, and their results can be terrifying. In0general for0design of tall0buildings both0wind as well0as earthquake0loads need0to be0considered. Governing0criteria for0carrying out0dynamic analyses0for earthquake0loads are different0from wind0loads. However many tall buildings are not so resistant in lateral loads due to earthquake. Reinforced concrete multi-storied buildings in India were for the first time subjected to a strong ground motion shaking in Bhuj earthquake. It has been concluded that the principal reasons of failure may be attributed to soft stories, floating columns, mass irregularities, poor quality of construction materials faulty construction methods, unstable earthquake response, soil and infrastructure, which were determined to cause damage to the attached structure. High-rise buildings are in high demand due to global urbanization and population growth, and high-rise buildings are likely to suffer the most damage from earthquakes. Since earthquake forces are irregular and unnatural in nature, engineering tools need to be sharpened to analyze the structure in the work of these forces. In this study, to understand the behaviour of structure located in seismic zones III for G+15 Multi-Purpose storey building model is considered for study. Performance of frame is studied through Response Spectrum analysis and comparison is made on shear force, storey drift, storey displacement and storey stiffness.
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Davin, Davin Pradipta, and Niken Warastuti. "EVALUASI DAN OPTIMASI KEMAMPUAN KINERJA STRUKTUR BAJA DENGAN ANALISIS PUSHOVER MENGGUNAKAN PROGRAM SAP2000." Jurnal Infrastruktur 5, no. 1 (July 22, 2019): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/infrastruktur.v5i1.615.
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Indonesia is a country which is in an earthquake prone area. Earthquake disasters are destructive natural phenomena. The damage caused is very large, especially in the field of steel structures of buildings. The effect of earthquakes is an important factor to planning the design of building structures. Existing buildings are claimed to be earthquake resistant by planners, but not necessarily the results as expected. Along with the development of technological advances in the field of civil engineering, new concepts and methods emerged in the analysis and planning of earthquake resistant buildings, one of which was the concept of Performance Based Seismic Evaluation (PBSE) with static thrust load analysis or Pushover analysis. This method is able to provide information on the pattern of collapse of buildings that exist when burdened with earthquake forces that exceed the capacity of the building, whether direct collapse or building is capable of behaving nonlinear (progressive) before total collapse occurs. The purpose of the final assignment is to evaluate and optimize the performance of the load on the factory building to determine the effective capacity of the structure and behavior by showing the scheme of plastic joints on the beam and column elements with the Pushover method based on the Applied Technology Council (ATC-40) code and determining the level structural performance of earthquake prisoners based on the code. From the results of the study, it was found that the performance point is V = 61.027 Ton and D = 0.074 m. The structure of the building is able to provide nonlinear behavior that is indicated by the initial phase and the majority of the occurrence of plastic joints occurs in the beam element and then the column element. Structural performance levels are included in the Immediate Occupancy criteria, which means that minor structural damage occurs and the building can be reused immediately again.
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Kuramoto, Hiroshi. "A Short Note for Dr. Watabe’s Review in 1974." Journal of Disaster Research 1, no. 3 (December 1, 2006): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0357.
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In the preceding article, I reviewed two seismic design codes of the Building Standard Law of Japan, revised in 1981 and 2000, with the transition of Japanese seismic design codes. Having read the 1974 review by Dr. Makoto Watabe, I was most impressed by his comprehensive understanding of seismic structural systems for buildings – an understanding that is fresh even today, more than 3 decades later. He moves from the basic principles for seismic building design to earthquake-resistant properties of building. The general seismic design principles of buildings he has reviewed are very sound and introduced both in current seismic design codes I have reviewed and the seismic design of super high-rise buildings over 60 m high.
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Wah, Choo Kok, Rozana Zakaria, and Azlan Adnan. "Decision Making Framework for Earthquake Disaster Prevention and Mitigation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.330.
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Malaysia is a country with very low seismic. Most of the buildings in our country may not consider seismic load during structure design, thus the level of safety for remains unknown. Recently, earthquake events have become more frequent. Therefore, engineers have to be alert and kept updated with the knowledge and behavior of earthquake trend in this area. It is vital to assess the precaution measures that can be taken and consider them in the future building design. Therefore, a decision making framework in designing earthquake resistant building especially for school building in Malaysia is needed to help engineers to consider earthquake risk in the building design. This framework employed NERA Program with the assistance of SAP2000 software for analysis of the performance of earthquake resistant building.
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Celebi, Mehmet. "Response of a 14-Story Anchorage, Alaska, Building in 2002 to Two Close Earthquakes and Two Distant Denali Fault Earthquakes." Earthquake Spectra 20, no. 3 (August 2004): 693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1779291.
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The recorded responses of an Anchorage, Alaska, building during four significant earthquakes that occurred in 2002 are studied. Two earthquakes, including the 3 November 2002 M7.9 Denali fault earthquake, with epicenters approximately 275 km from the building, generated long trains of long-period (>1 s) surface waves. The other two smaller earthquakes occurred at subcrustal depths practically beneath Anchorage and produced higher frequency motions. These two pairs of earthquakes have different impacts on the response of the building. Higher modes are more pronounced in the building response during the smaller nearby events. The building responses indicate that the close-coupling of translational and torsional modes causes a significant beating effect. It is also possible that there is some resonance occurring due to the site frequency being close to the structural frequency. Identification of dynamic characteristics and behavior of buildings can provide important lessons for future earthquake-resistant designs and retrofit of existing buildings.
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Bertero, Vitelmo V. "Lessons Learned from Recent Earthquakes and Research and Implications for Earthquake-Resistant Design of Building Structures in the United States." Earthquake Spectra 2, no. 4 (October 1986): 825–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585412.
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Following an overview of the special problems inherent in the design and construction of earthquake-resistant buildings in regions of high seismic risk, the techniques that will be required to solve these problems in the U.S. are discussed. Some lessons learned from recent earthquakes, particularly those in Chile and Mexico in 1985, are discussed as are some results of integrated analytical and experimental research at the University of California, Berkeley. The implications of the ground motions recorded during the 1985 Mexican and Chilean earthquakes, the performance of buildings during the Mexican earthquake, and the research results previously discussed are then assessed with respect to seismic-resistant design regulations presently in force (UBC) as well as those formulated by ATC 3-06 and the Tentative Lateral Force Requirements recently developed by the Seismology Committee of SEAOC. The rationale for and reliability of the values suggested by the ATC for the “Response Modification Factor R” and by the SEAOC Seismology Committee for the “Structural Quality Factor Rw” are reviewed in detail. In the conclusion to the paper, two solutions for improving the earthquake-resistant design of building structures are proposed: an ideal (rational) method to be implemented in the future, and a compromise solution that can be implemented immediately.
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Muselemov, H. M., O. M. Ustarkhanov, and A. K. Yusupov. "PROBABLE CALCULATION OF BUILDING SEISMIC RESISTANCE ON KINEMATIC SUPPORT." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 45, no. 3 (May 12, 2019): 194–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2018-45-3-194-211.
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Objectives. The article reflects the results of the numerical analysis of the earthquake-resistant building on kinematic supports. To this end, the problem is reduced to solving the nonlinear stochastic Cauchy problem. The solution is constructed by the method of successive approximations. The probabilistic characteristics of the oscillation of the building are determined without the use of linearization techniques. An algorithm for solving this problem, which allows to perform numerical experiments on a computer to study the operation of a earthquake-resistant building on kinematic sup-ports, is given.Method. The acceleration of the earth's surface during an earthquake is represented as a non-stationary random Gaussian process. This approach is now generally accepted and beyond doubt. The study of vibrations of the building on kinematic supports under the influence of strong earthquakes is reduced to the solution of the stochastic nonlinear Cauchy equation. This equation is solved by iteration. The acceleration of the earth's surface is a function of three random variables. The required probability is represented as a triple integral, which is calculated using a computer.Result. The basic information about the considered kinematic supports is given. The Cauchy problem is formulated for the case of oscillations of a earthquake-resistant building on kinematic supports under the influence of strong earthquakes. The algorithm allowing to solve this equation is described in detail. The probability of finding the movements of the building within certain limits is represented as a triple integral. The results of numerical experiments carried out on a computer are given. The corresponding graphs are constructed using real accelerograms of strong earthquakes that occurred in the cities of Taft (USA) and Gazli (Uzbekistan).Conclusion. This article describes the method of calculation of earthquake-resistant buildings on kinematic supports, using the data of real strong earthquakes. Based on the results of numerical experiments conducted on a computer, graphs of the reliability of seismic stability of the building in earthquakes. The constructed algorithm and the developed technique can be used in the calculation and design of earthquake-resistant buildings both on conventional supports and on kinematic supports.
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Abass, Haider Ali, and Husain Khalaf Jarallah. "Seismic Evaluation and Retrofitting of an Existing Buildings-State of the Art." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 24, no. 1 (July 7, 2021): 52–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.24010052.
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In this study, previous researches were reviewed in relation to the seismic evaluation and retrofitting of an existing building. In recent years, a considerable number of researches has been undertaken to determine the performance of buildings during the seismic events. Performance based seismic design is a modern approach to earthquake resistant design of reinforcement concrete buildings. Performance based design of building structures requires rigorous non-linear static analysis. In general, nonlinear static analysis or pushover analysis was conducted as an efficient instrument for performance-based design. Pushover analysis came into practice after 1970 year. During the seismic event, a nonlinear static analysis or pushover analysis is used to analyze building under gravity loads and monotonically increasing lateral forces. These building were evaluated until a target displacement reached. Pushover analysis provides a better understanding of buildings seismic performance, also it traces the progression of damage and failure of structural components of buildings.
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Gómez, A., R. Ortega, J. J. Guerrero, E. González, J. P. Paniagua, and J. Iglesias. "The Mexico Earthquake of September 19, 1985—Response and Design Spectra Obtained from Earthquake-Damaged Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 5, no. 1 (February 1989): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585514.
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The resistant shear force of 13 buildings severely damaged by the 1985 Mexico City earthquake was determined by static and dynamic analyses. The results of the static analysis suggest the advisability of increasing the shear base coefficient of the 1987 Mexico City building code RDF87 from 0.4 to 0.6 in the high seismicity zones of the area. The results of the dynamic analysis show that in order to obtain the same safety level, the maximum ordinate of the design spectrum should be larger than the base shear coefficient used with the static method, leading to a 0.8 maximum ordinate for Mexico City. When the resistant shear force is plotted as a function of the natural period of each building, the response spectrum obtained is very similar to the inelastic spectrum derived from the accelerograms, considering 5% critical damping, a ductility factor of 4 and degradation in resistance from 5% to 10%. Based on these results, new design spectra are proposed for use in the high seismicity zones in Mexico City.
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Bhunia, Dipendu, Vipul Prakash, and Ashok D. Pandey. "A Conceptual Design Approach of Coupled Shear Walls." ISRN Civil Engineering 2013 (October 9, 2013): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/161502.
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Earthquake causes considerable damage to a large number of RCC high-rise buildings and tremendous loss of life. Therefore, designers and structural engineers should ensure to offer adequate earthquake resistant provisions with regard to planning, design, and detailing in high-rise buildings to withstand the effect of an earthquake and minimize disaster. As an earthquake resistant system, the use of coupled shear walls is one of the potential options in comparison with moment resistant frame (MRF) and shear wall frame combination systems in RCC high-rise buildings. Furthermore, it is reasonably well established that it is uneconomical to design a structure considering its linear behavior during earthquake. Hence, an alternative design philosophy needs to be evolved in the Indian context to consider the postyield behavior wherein the damage state is evaluated through deformation considerations. In the present context, therefore, performance-based seismic design (PBSD) has been considered to offer significantly improved solutions as compared to the conventional design based on linear response spectrum analysis.
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Žižmond, Jure, and Matjaž Dolšek. "Seismic Design and Performance Assessment of Frame Buildings Reinforced by Dual-Phase Steel." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 4998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114998.
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To improve the durability and serviceability of reinforced concrete structures, different variants of dual-phase reinforcing steel were developed within the research project NEWREBAR. The investigated variant of the new material, termed DPD2 steel, has a specific microstructure that increases the corrosion resistance, but its yielding strength is less than that of Tempcore steel B500B. DPD2 steel has no yielding plateau, which is characteristic of conventional reinforcing steel. Thus, it was investigated whether the current building codes can be used to design earthquake-resistant concrete structures reinforced by DPD2 steel bars. For this reason, three multi-story reinforced concrete frame buildings were designed according to Eurocode by considering DPD2 steel and, for comparison reasons, Tempcore steel B500B. Based on the nonlinear model, which was validated by cyclic test of columns, the seismic performance of DPD2 buildings was found to be improved compared to those designed with conventional B500B reinforcing steel. This can mainly be attributed to the substantial strain hardening of the DPD2 steel, which increases the overstrength factor of the structure by about 10%. However, for the improved seismic performance, the amount of steel in DPD2 buildings had to be increased in the design by approximately 20–25% due to the smaller yield strength of DPD2 steel. Nevertheless, it was demonstrated that Eurocode 8 could be used to design earthquake-resistant frame building reinforced with dual-phase reinforcing steel DPD2.
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Sun, Bai Tao, Qiang Zhou, and Pei Lei Yan. "Typical Seismic Damage Analysis of the Single-Story Reinforced Concrete Industrial Buildings in Hanwang Town in Wenchuan Earthquake." Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.517.
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The Wenchuan earthquake occurred on May 12, 2008 (Beijing Time) caused great economical loss and large amount of buildings were destroyed. Many of single-story reinforced concrete industrial buildings in Hanwang town located in the highly seismic region were damaged, and the damaging phenomenons are very typical. According to the damage survey and analysis of typical seismic damage for the single-story reinforced concrete industrial buildings located in Hanwang town, the damage distribution and failure characters of these buildings are summarized in this paper. The single-story reinforced concrete industrial buildings which were designed according to current seismic design code have better earthquake resistant behavior than those old single-story reinforced concrete industrial buildings and the damaging phenomenon show some new features. Finally, combining current seismic design code of our country and the earthquake damage lessons, some reasonable suggestions on the work of seismic strengthening and earthquake resistant design of the single-story reinforced concrete industrial buildings have been given.
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Gan, Chun, and Xue Song Luo. "Application of Earthquake Resistance Analysis Technique in the Design of Constructional Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 4482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.4482.
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In recent years, frequent earthquakes have caused great casualties and economic losses in China. And in the earthquake, damage of buildings and the collapse is the main reason causing casualties. Therefore, in the design of constructional engineering, a seismicity of architectural structure is the pressing task at issue. Through time history analysis method, this paper analyzes the time history of building structural response and then it predicts the peak response of mode by response spectrum analysis. Based on this, this paper constructs a numerical simulation model for the architecture by using finite element analysis software SATWE. At the same time, this paper also calculates the structure seismic so as to determine the design of each function structure in architectural engineering design and then provides reference for the realization of earthquake-resistant building.
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Park, R. "Improving the resistance of structures to earthquakes." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 34, no. 1 (March 31, 2001): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.34.1.1-39.
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The past occurrence of earthquakes in New Zealand and the likelihood of a major earthquake in Christchurch are considered. The causes of damage by earthquakes are discussed and typical possible types of damage to building and bridge structures are described with reference to the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The design of building and bridge structures for earthquake resistance by the ductile design approach is covered, including performance criteria, structural configuration, design seismic forces, mechanisms of post-elastic deformation, capacity design, detailing of reinforcement for ductility and control of deflections. Design using base isolation and mechanical energy dissipating devices is also outlined. The extensive use of precast concrete in buildings in New Zealand is described. Finally the seismic assessment and upgrading of old structures and the earthquake resistance of lifelines of communities (transportation, utilities and communications) are briefly considered.
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Sucuoğlu, HalÛk. "Implications of Masonry Infill and Partition Damage in Performance Perception in Residential Buildings after a Moderate Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 29, no. 2 (May 2013): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000147.
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Engineers usually focus on the performance of structural members, whereas the occupants of a residential building are affected mostly by the performance of infill and partition walls in buildings after a moderate earthquake. This often creates controversy and discussion regarding the post-earthquake use of buildings. Seismic rehabilitation codes for existing buildings offer sophisticated measures in rating the seismic performances of structural components, whereas performance measures suggested for infill and other partition walls are crude by comparison. Furthermore, seismic design codes for new buildings totally disregard such disparity, since their force-based approaches are built on single-level performance targets specified implicitly for the entire building under a design level, that is, a rare earthquake. In this paper, performance levels of buildings after an earthquake of moderate intensity are discussed from the viewpoints of engineers and building occupants. Suggestions are made for achieving uniform performance in structures where the seismic forces are resisted by structural members as well as the infills and partition walls coupling with the structural system although the contribution of such walls to seismic resistance and their performance is not usually considered in design.
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Chandler, A. M. "Combined seismic base shear and torsional loading provisions in the 1990 edition of the National Building Code of Canada." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 945–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-117.
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This paper evaluates the earthquake-resistant design provisions of the 1990 edition of the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC 1990) for asymmetric building structures subjected to combined lateral shear and torsional dynamic loadings arising from earthquake base excitation. A detailed parametric study is presented, evaluating the dynamic edge displacement response in the elastic range, for the side of the building which is adversely affected by lateral–torsional coupling. A series of buildings is studied, with realistic ranges of the fundamental natural period, structural eccentricity, and uncoupled frequency ratio. These buildings are evaluated under base loadings arising from a total of 45 strong motion records taken from earthquakes in North America, Mexico, Europe, the Middle East, and Southern Pacific, categorized according to site soil conditions and the ratio a/v of peak ground acceleration to velocity. The latter parameter together with the uncoupled lateral period are found to influence strongly the combined dynamic edge response, with the greatest forces on edge members arising from earthquakes with high a/v ratio in structures with natural periods below 0.8 s. In this case the NBCC 1990 loading provisions significantly underestimate the elastic dynamic response. For buildings with periods longer than 0.8 s, the conservatism of the base shear provisions leads to overestimation of combined dynamic edge response in asymmetric systems, and this is also true in the short-period range for buildings subjected to ground motions with low a/v ratio. The NBCC 1990 provisions are reasonably conservative for short-period systems subjected to ground motions with intermediate a/v ratio. Key words: earthquakes, seismic, design, response, spectra, base, shear, torsional, provisions.
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Apriliani, Novi Gita, and Tony Hartono Bagio. "STRUCTURE OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT CONCRETE BUILDING WITH DUAL SYSTEM USING SNI 1726: 2019." Neutron 19, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/neutron.v19i2.30.
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The higher a building, the greater the burden due to lateral forces. In the planning of the building structure of Apartment 88 Avenue Surabaya, a Dual system is used. This building planning is based on the Structural Concrete Requirements for Buildings (SNI 2847: 2019). And for earthquakes based on Earthquake Resilience Planning Procedures for Building and Non- Building Structures (SNI 1726: 2019 ). In the analysis of earthquake loads using dynamic analysis of the Response Specific Trump. The structure is planned to use reinforced concrete construction. The planning method includes the primary structure, namely the dimensioning and reinforcement of the main beam, and the column. And the secondary structure which consists of dimensioning and reinforcing plates, joists. From the results obtained structural design dimensional beam 35/70 cm ( 5D22; 3D22 ), the joist 30/55 cm ( 2D16; 2D16 ), the floor slab 14 cm thick ( D10-275 )
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Rajeev, Anupoju, Naveen Kumar Meena, and Kumar Pallav. "Comparative Study of Seismic Design and Performance of OMRF Building Using Indian, British, and European Codes." Infrastructures 4, no. 4 (November 19, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures4040071.
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In India, damage cause by some major earthquakes, such as India/Nepal 2015, Sikkim 2011, Kashmir 2005, Bhuj 2001, Latur 1993, and Uttarkashi 1991, have raised alarms to professionals. The probability of seismic risk is higher in more densely populated Indian cities, such as Bhuj, Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarkashi, as they come under the highest seismicity zone in India. Therefore, our primary interest is to investigate the seismic performance evaluation of the buildings in these seismic prone areas. Significant research has been conducted on the seismic performance of existing buildings. However, investigations on the seismic performance of a building with different country codes for the same earthquake event has not been explored, which is crucial in providing a deeper knowledge of the seismic performance of buildings. This paper presents a comparative study of an Ordinary Moment Resistant Frame (OMRF) building designed using three major codes, Indian (IS: 456-2000, IS: 1893-2002), British (BS: 8110-1997) and European (EC-2, EC-8). Six typical building models considered with earthquake (WiEQ), and without earthquake (WoEQ), and their assessments were interpreted using non-linear static analysis for determining their seismic performance. Seismic performance is compared in terms of base shear coefficient (BSC) and drift ratio that shows WiEQ models, at the drift ratio of 1.5%, the BSC was as follows; 0.78, 0.88, and 0.96 for the models designed for British, Euro, and Indian codes, respectively. The results show that the building models, that have been designed for the Indian codal provisions for both cases, performed well as compared to the other country codes. Base shear and drift ratio are the vital parameters that vary considerably among the building models. This aspect of the Indian code makes it a safer design methodology with higher reserve strength and a reasonably good displacement capacity before reaching the Collapse Prevention (CP) performance level.
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Dowrick, David J., and David A. Rhoades. "Vulnerability of different classes of low-rise buildings in the 1987 Edgecumbe, New Zealand, earthquake." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 30, no. 3 (September 30, 1997): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.30.3.227-241.
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This paper describes an analysis of costs of damage to non-domestic buildings (all tow rise) in the Mw = 6.6 Edgecumbe New Zealand earthquake of 2 March 1987. The damage cost for each building was converted to a damage ratio by dividing it by the replacement value of that building. For the MM7 and MM9 intensity zones, the mean values and statistical distributions of these damage ratios were then found, the lognormal distribution fitting the data well. The data was then divided into subsets according to selected classes of construction, and the vulnerabilities of these classes were measured and compared in terms of their mean damage ratios and the associated 95% confidence limits. The classes of building examined included classifications by era of design, number of storeys, materials of construction, and building use. Valuable insights into earthquake resistant design and earthquake risk assessment parameters were obtained through the differences observed between classes, notably significant reductions in the vulnerability of buildings associated with improved ductility provisions.
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Pasnur, Prof Pallavi K. "Performance Based Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Building by Non-Linear Static Analysis." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 20, 2021): 1748–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36722.
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In past two decades earthquake disasters in the world have shown that significant damage occurred even when the buildings were designed as per the conventional earthquake-resistant design philosophy (force-based approach) exposing the inability of the codes to ensure minimum performance of the structures under design earthquake. The performance based seismic design (PBSD), evaluates how the buildings are likely to perform under a design earthquake. As compared to force-based approach, PBSD provides a methodology for assessing the seismic performance of a building, ensuring life safety and minimum economic losses. The non-linear static procedures also known as time history analysis are used to analyze the performance of structure . Plastic hinge formation patterns, plastic rotation, drift ratio and other parameters are selected as performance criterias to define different performance level. In this paper, a five-storey RC building is modelled and designed as per IS 456:2000 and analyzed for lmmediate occupancy performance level in ETABS2015 softwere. Analysis is carried out as per FEMA P58 PART 1 & 2. Plastic hinges as per FEMA273. From the analysis, it is checked that the performance level of the building is as per the assumption
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Suwondo, Riza, Martin Gillie, Lee Cunningham, and Colin Bailey. "Effect of earthquake damage on the behaviour of composite steel frames in fire." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 16 (March 12, 2018): 2589–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218761138.
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Fire loading following earthquake loading is possible in any building in a seismic-prone area. However, most design approaches do not consider fire following earthquake as a specific loading case. Moreover, seismic design philosophies allow a certain degree of damage in structural elements which make structures more vulnerable when subjected to post-earthquake fire. This study uses three-dimensional numerical models to investigate the effect of earthquake damage on the fire resistance of composite steel-frame office buildings. A total of two types of earthquake damage, fire insulation delamination and residual lateral frame deformation, are investigated. It is concluded that earthquake damage can significantly reduce the fire resistance of composite buildings, with delamination of fire protection having the greatest effect. The results of this study can be used by designers to improve the post-earthquake fire resistance of composite buildings.
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Piroglu, F., and K. Ozakgul. "Site investigation of masonry buildings damaged during the 23 October and 9 November 2011 Van Earthquakes in Turkey." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 3 (March 20, 2013): 689–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-689-2013.
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Abstract. The purpose of this study is to scrutinize and interpret the damages to masonry buildings after a series of earthquakes that occurred in Van, which is an eastern city of Turkey, within 17 days in 2011, i.e., the first earthquake hit on 23 October having the magnitude 7.1, and the second on 9 November with the magnitude 5.6 on the Richter scale. These consecutive earthquakes and their aftershocks caused extensive damage and the collapse of buildings in the city of Van and its villages and especially its near town, namely Ercis. For the investigation of masonry buildings, Hacibekir district, which is one of the regions comprising the highest density of masonry buildings in the city of Van, was selected and the seismic performance of these buildings was observed, tested in the field, and interpreted according to the Turkish earthquake-resistant design codes. In this region, masonry buildings were classified as adobe, unreinforced and confined masonry buildings. As a result of this field study, it was observed that whereas the confined masonry buildings had usually shown good performance during the earthquakes, the adobe and the unreinforced masonry buildings were seriously damaged and some of them were partially collapsed.
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Shibata, T. "The Trend of Earthquake Resistant Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings." Concrete Journal 27, no. 2 (1989): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.27.2_9.
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Kyrkos, M. T., and S. A. Anagnostopoulos. "Improved earthquake resistant design of torsionally stiff asymmetric steel buildings." Earthquakes and Structures 2, no. 2 (June 25, 2011): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2011.2.2.127.
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Hurol, Yonca. "On Ethics and the Earthquake Resistant Interior Design of Buildings." Science and Engineering Ethics 20, no. 1 (January 3, 2013): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-012-9424-1.
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Ehsan, Salimi Firoozabad, K. Rama Mohan Rao, and Bagheri Bahador. "Determination of Time Period of Vibration Effect on Seismic Performance of Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 330 (June 2013): 878–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.330.878.
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Most seismic codes specify empirical formulas to obtain the fundamental period of buildings. The equations specified in present IS codes, are according to the available data on the time period of buildings measured from their recorded accelerograms. Shear-wall dominant reinforced concrete buildings, constructed, using codes specification are commonly built in different countries, facing a substantial seismic risk, in spite of their high resistance against ground motions. Current seismic code provisions including the Uniform Building Code (International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, CA, 1997) and the Indian Seismic Code (Criteria for earthquake resistant design of buildings, fifth revision, 2002) are considered to evaluate the effect of time period on seismic behavior of building.In this study, time period obtained by code formulas are compared with those obtained by modal analysis in SAP2000. Also the top story displacement (as an adequate parameter of determination the seismic performance of building) correspond to the values of mentioned time period are estimated using uniform building code and software respectively. It is observed that current empirical equation for calculating the time period of RCC buildings is rather inaccurate. Also it is shown that the time period has very effective influence on seismic performance of building.
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Mukanbet kyzy E. and E.T. Toktoraliev. "ANALYSIS OF THE BASIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS." Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2019.4.634-638.
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This article investigates the basic provisions of design of earthquake-resistant low-rise buildings and formulated the basic principles of design of earthquake-resistant buildings by design, erected in seismic areas: frame, volume-block, large-panel, with walls of large blocks, with walls of monolithic concrete, with walls of complex structure, with load-bearing walls of brick or stone, wooden buildings with walls of local materials. Seismically unfavorable conditions, which are designed as a large part of the terrain land (steep shores, gorge, water, etc.), impact disturbance, physiographic processes, rocks, soils, spills, mine workings and destruction of tectonic sites disasters surrounding areas. The main buildings and other structures to strengthen and strengthen the foundation, how to use any additional measures.
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Lapin, Vladimir A., Yerkin S. Aldakhov, Serik D. Aldakhov, and Alimzhan Ali. "Probabilistic estimation of reliability values for frame buildings based on the results of certification taking into account tectonic faults." Earthquake Engineering. Construction Safety, no. 3 (June 25, 2021): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37153/2618-9283-2021-3-49-60.
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With budget funding for two years in 2017-2018, the total certification of the housing stock of multi-apartment buildings was carried out for the first time. A total of 8,171 buildings were
entered into the database, of which 1,847 are multi-storey frame buildings of various storeys and design solutions. It is established that 1628 frame buildings are earthquake-resistant, 59-buildings
with the first flexible floor are non-earthquake-resistant and 160-are located in the zone of tectonic faults on the territory of the city. The hypothesis is accepted that buildings located in the zone of
tectonic faults will be destroyed. Under these conditions, quantitative estimates of the failure probability and reliability values for frame buildings of various types were obtained for the first time. The frequency of earthquakes is taken into account according to the current "Map of seismic zoning of the Republic of Kazakhstan". The results of the reliability and failure estimates are used for practical recommendations to reduce the risk and expected losses in possible earthquakes. Total reinforcement of frame buildings with the first flexible floors (59 buildings) is proposed. However,
the conditional probability of failure for a group of residential frame buildings will remain nonzero.
The method of amplification should be determined based on the results of experimental studies.
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Booth, Edmund. "Design of new buildings for earthquake resistance." Structural Survey 5, no. 3 (March 1987): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb006254.
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Stiemer, S. F., and B. B. Barwig. "Seismic base isolation for steel structures." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-008.
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Base isolation is a strategy for a design of buildings in areas where seismic loads govern. It enables the reduction of earthquake excitation to an acceptable level, without an increase of structural acceleration. This paper presents the results of the experimental investigations of various schemes of first-storey designs for steel buildings with base isolation.A scaled-down steel frame building was used for the shaking table tests, which were conducted in the Earthquake Simulator Laboratory of the University of British Columbia. The base-storey design was altered while the dynamic response of the frame was recorded. The base isolation consisted of steel roller bearings with parallel steel yield rings, to limit excessive displacements and provide wind restraint.The proposed base storey is substantially different from conventional solutions. The variation in the base-storey design was aimed at the elimination of the blind base storey or double foundation in order to increase the economy of the base-isolation system. The experimental tests showed suitable design approaches, and analytical studies to optimize them will follow.It was verified that uncoupling of buildings from the earthquake ground motion is relatively simple to achieve. Certain restraint is required to resist wind and other horizontal loads. This is usually achieved by mechanical fuses or energy absorbers. A solid state energy absorber was used in the described tests. Key words: base-isolation system for buildings, earthquake-resistant steel structures, experimental investigations, retrofit system.
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Hutajulu, Marsaulina, Isa Ansary, and Johannes Tarigan. "Pushover Experiment of Portal Structure with Brick Wall without and with Anchor for Non-Engineered Building." Simetrikal: Journal of Engineering and Technology 1, no. 2 (September 28, 2019): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jet.v1i2.735.
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Based on the findings in almost all earthquakes that hit Indonesia, the damaged and collapsed buildings were simple houses built spontaneously (non engineered building), where buildings are built based on practical experience without structural calculations. One form of damage to non-structural components and structures is the relationship between columns and brick walls, where cracks and separation between columns and walls occur due to no anchor. So the design of buildings in the future is safe from the dangers of earthquakes. For earthquakes that are not too large, the building is likely to remain standing with little damage. However, to anticipate a strong earthquake and reduce the adverse effects, the building of a walled wall must be built according to the provisions of earthquake-resistant building construction by providing reinforcement in certain parts such as mounting anchors from column to wall. To find out how much influence from the installation of the anchor from the column to the brick wall, an experimental study was carried out on the walls completed with a foundation, sloof, column and beam. There were 2 specimens, namely specimen that uses the anchor and do not use anchor, so it is expected to know the behavior of mounting anchors. From the test results obtained that a pushover load of 7540 kg and a displacement of 56.5 mm for specimens using anchor while for specimens that did not use anchor had pushover 5666 kg and a displacement of 48 mm. The conclusion is the installation of anchors between column and brick wall can increase
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Regmi, Sandeep, and Anjay Mishra. "ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS REGARDING MRT OF NBC; A CASE OF TILOTTAMA MUNICIPALITY, NEPAL." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 7 (July 25, 2020): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i7.2020.545.
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The study was carried out to analyze the compliance status of NBC and Byelaws in private housing construction of Tilottama Municipality. The permitted building samples with all necessary documents is taken for research purpose to trace the compliance status of National Building Code and Byelaws in construction of private housing.
Field verification and review of approved drawings and building permits of 51 numbers of households from the total population of 323are selected by purposive sampling method to check the compliance status of NBC and Byelaws provisions. The samples are taken from both ProfessionallyEngineeredBuildingsandMandatoryruleofthumb-(NBC205) buildings constructed in the Tilottama Municipality.
From the study, it is found that after the earthquake concerned stakeholders possess good knowledge of earthquake and its consequences. Knowledge regarding the earthquake resistant design and construction process is found fairly adequate. The perspective of concerned stakeholders towards building code and byelaws are positive. Out of 51 households surveyed, only 7 of the buildings have not complied with all the technical requirements of NBC whereas the building byelaws provisions are found to be effectively implemented by 44 buildings. The adopted process and existing mechanism for the implementation of building code and byelaws by the municipality is not effective as the tracking system of building permit process is ineffective.