Relevant bibliographies by topics / Earthquakes

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Earthquakes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 April 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Earthquakes"

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Dai, Xiaofeng, Xin Liu, Rui Liu, Menghao Song, Guangbin Zhu, Xiaotao Chang, and Jinyun Guo. "Coseismic Slip Distribution and Coulomb Stress Change of the 2023 MW 7.8 Pazarcik and MW 7.5 Elbistan Earthquakes in Turkey." Remote Sensing 16, no. 2 (January 8, 2024): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16020240.

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On 6 February 2023, the MW 7.8 Pazarcik and the MW 7.5 Elbistan earthquakes occurred in southeastern Turkey, close to the Syrian border, causing many deaths and a great deal of property destruction. The Pazarcik earthquake mainly damaged the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ). The Elbistan earthquake mainly damaged the Cardak fault (CF) and the Doğanşehir fault (DF). In this study, Sentinel-1A ascending (ASC) and descending (DES) orbit image data and pixel offset tracking (POT) were used to derive surface deformation fields in the range and azimuth directions induced by the Pazarcik and Elbistan earthquakes (hereinafter referred to as the Turkey double earthquakes). Utilizing GPS coordinate sequence data, we computed the three-dimensional surface deformation resulting from the Turkey double earthquakes. The surface deformation InSAR and GPS results were combined to invert the coseismic slip distribution of the EAFZ, CF, and DF using a layered earth model. The results show that the coseismic ruptures of the Turkey double earthquakes were dominated by left-lateral strike-slips. The maximum slip was 7.76 m on the EAFZ and about 8.2 m on the CF. Both the earthquakes ruptured the surface. The Coulomb failure stress (CFS) was computed based on the fault slip distribution and the geometric parameters of all the active faults within 300 km of the MW 7.8 Pazarcik earthquake’s epicenter. The CFS change resulting from the Pazarcik earthquake suggests that the subsequent Elbistan earthquake was triggered by the Pazarcik earthquake. The Antakya fault experienced an increase in CFS of 8.4 bars during this double-earthquake event. Therefore, the MW 6.3 Uzunbağ earthquake on 20 February 2023 was jointly influenced by the Turkey double earthquakes. Through stress analysis of all the active faults within 300 km of the MW 7.8 Pazarcik earthquake’s epicenter, the Ecemis segment, Camliyayla fault, Aadag fault, Ayvali fault, and Pula segment were all found to be under stress loading. Particularly, the Ayvali fault and Pula segment exhibited conspicuous stress loading, signaling a higher risk of future seismic activity.
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Hidayawan, Ahmad, Andri Kurniawan, Bagas Wahyu Adhi, Beni Setiyanto, and Hayu Rahayu. "Analisis Penentuan Parameter Gempa Untuk Perhitungan Stabilitas Bendungan." MoDuluS Media Komunikasi Dunia Ilmu Sipil 6, no. 1 (August 9, 2024): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.32585/modulus.v6i1.5529.

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Dams have an important role in controlling floods and providing water supply for infrastructure and community needs. The construction of the Pidekso Dam, as part of government efforts, requires research to determine earthquake parameters to ensure the safety of its structure. Pidekso Dam, located in the downstream Bengawan Solo river, is prone to earthquakes because it is adjacent to areas where earthquakes often occur. This study aims to determine the parameters of the earthquake coefficient Operating Basis Earthquakeee (OBE) and MaximumaDesignaEarthquakee (MDE) based on the 2017 earthquake map of Indonesia. Analysis was conducted to assess the risk of dam collapse due to earthquakes. Based on the dam risk class criteria, Pidekso Dam has a high risk class with a total weight of 30. For OBE earthquake analysis, the earthquake coefficient used ranges from 0.1 to 0.15 g, with a probability of being exceeded by 2% in 100 years. As for MDE earthquakes, the earthquake coefficient ranges from 0.5 to 0.6 g, with a repeat period T = 5000 years.
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Tiwari, Ram Krishna, and Harihar Paudyal. "Spatial mapping of b-value and fractal dimension prior to November 8, 2022 Doti Earthquake, Nepal." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (August 9, 2023): e0289673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289673.

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An earthquake of magnitude 5.6 mb (6.6 ML) hit western Nepal (Doti region) in the wee hours of wednesday morning local time (2:12 AM, 2022.11.08) killing at least six people. Gutenberg-Richter b-value of earthquake distribution and correlation fractal dimension (D2) are estimated for 493 earthquakes with magnitude of completeness 3.6 prior to this earthquake. We consider earthquakes in western Nepal Himalaya and adjoining region (80.0–83.5°E and 27.3–30.5°N) for the period of 1964 to 2022 for the analysis. The b-value 0.68±0.03 implies a high stress zone and the spatial correlation dimension 1.81±0.02 implies a highly heterogeneous region where the epicenters are spatially distributed. Low b-values and high D2 values identify the study region as a high hazard zone. Focal mechanism styles and low b-values correlate with thrust nature of earthquakes and show that the earthquake’s occurrence is associated with the dynamics of the faults responsible for generating the past earthquakes.
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Isik, Ercan, Coskun Sagir, Zuhal Tozlu, and Umit Salim Ustaoglu. "Determination of Urban Earthquake Risk for Kırşehir, Turkey." Earth Sciences Research Journal 23, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v23n3.60255.

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Predicting the outcomes of earthquakes before they occur is one of the fundamental components of modern disaster management. Loss estimation analyses have an important place at the assessment stage of earthquakes and in estimation of losses that earthquakes may lead to. With these analyses, it is possible to access information that is relevant to potential damages and losses. In this paper, loss estimation analyses were carried out by using the earthquake scenario which foresaw a previous earthquake that was experienced in an around Kırşehir which is seismically active and located in the Central Anatolia Region in Turkey. The 1938 Akpınar earthquake which occurred in and around the province of Kırşehir was taken into consideration as an earthquak escenario, and loss estimation analyses were conducted for this earthquake scenario. In this paper, significant contributions will be made for preparation of an earthquake master plan and risk management plan for Kırşehir. Besides, studies on reduction of earthquake losses in the region may utilise these results.
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Pırtı, Atınç. "Investigation of the effects of Kahramanmaraş earthquake series on Cyprus Arc, Dead Sea fault, Hatay regions and stations close to two earthquakes epicenters." Geodesy and cartography 50, no. 3 (September 25, 2024): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/gac.2024.19634.

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In various parts of the globe, there have been several earthquakes of a modest size. Monitoring the change of the points over time is a key component of typical techniques for extracting dynamic responses. This technique was unable to completely extract all of the earthquake’s dynamic properties. The GNSS precise point positioning (PPP) may be a useful tool for obtaining values of the point’s displacement that are more exact up to millimeters, which can help to overcome these flaws and evaluate the seismic wave of such earthquakes. Ultimately, PPP is a crucial tool for getting the precise observations. In this study, Canadian Spatial Reference System Precise Point Positioning (CSRS-PPP) approach to analyze the station’s displacement components and the station’s heights in periods from the two Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. The earthquake sequences that occurred in Turkey’s Kahramanmaraş in 2023 is an example of complicated faulting brought on by interactions between three plates close to the Hatay Triple Junction (HTJ). While the relative plate movements in this area are minimal (usually less than 10 mm/year), even sluggish plate motion zones may nevertheless see earthquakes that are quite destructive. Due to the three-plate system’s unusual geometry, a number of large earthquakes with very varied fault orientations were active throughout this series. A 7.8-magnitude earthquake happened on February 6, 2023 in southern Turkey, close to Syria’s northern border. A magnitude 7.5 earthquake, situated about 95 kilometers to the southwest, was occurred nine hours after the first one. The first earthquake was as big as the most powerful one ever recorded there in 1939 and was the most catastrophic to strike earthquake-prone Turkey in more than 20 years. In this study, the effects of two earthquakes in Kahramanmaraş were investigated on the Cyprus Arc, the Dead Sea fault, Hatay and the points close to two earthquakes zone. In the obtained results, it was computed that the greatest horizontal displacement occurred at the HAT2 station with 68.97 cm.
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Brimzhanova, S. S., А. А. Akhmadiya, N. Nabiyev, and Kh Moldamurat. "Determination of the earthquake epicenter using the maximum displacement method obtained by Sentinel-1A/B data via ESA SNAP software." Bulletin of the National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan 84, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47533/2020.1606-146x.154.

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This article discusses a method for determining an earthquake’s epicenter using modern radar data from the Sentinel-1A/b remote sensing satellite. To determine the epicenter of the earthquake, finding the maximum displacement from the radar image data was used. The displacement (displacement) of the earth’s crust was obtained by processing on the ESA SNAP software. Two earthquakes that occurred in 2020 were studied to determine the epicenters in the ascending and descending orbits of the satellite. These earthquakes occurred in Western Xizang, China, and Doganyol, Turkey. The maximum deviation from the epicenter’s officially registered coordinates was 15.6 km for Doganyol and 3.2 km for the West Xinjiang Earthquake.
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Obara, Kazushige, and Takuya Nishimura. "Main Results from the Program Promotion Panel for Subduction-Zone Earthquakes." Journal of Disaster Research 15, no. 2 (March 20, 2020): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2020.p0087.

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Understanding the occurrence mechanism of subduction zone earthquakes scientifically is intrinsically important for not only forecast of future subduction earthquakes but also disaster mitigation for strong ground motion and tsunami accompanied by large earthquakes. The Program Promotion Panel for Subduction-zone earthquakes mainly focused on interplate megathrust earthquakes in the subduction zones and the research activity included collection and classification of historical data on earthquake phenomena, clarifying the current earthquake phenomena and occurrence environment of earthquake sources, modelling earthquake phenomena, forecast of further earthquake activity based on monitoring crustal activity and precursory phenomena, and development of observation and analysis technique. Moreover, we studied the occurrence mechanism of intraslab earthquakes within the subducting oceanic plate. Five-year observational research program actually produced enormous results for deep understanding of subduction zone earthquakes phenomena, especially in terms of slow earthquakes, infrequent huge earthquakes, and intraslab earthquakes. This paper mainly introduces results from researches on these phenomena in subduction zones.
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Lai, Junyan, Lu Ding, Yuan Zhang, Weimin Wu, Haruo Hayashi, Reo Kimura, Masafumi Hosokawa, and Yukihisa Sakurada. "Development of NERSS Training Program for Earthquake Emergency Response Capacity Building of Local Governments." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0263.

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Responses to medium-magnitude earthquakes are as significant as to catastrophic earthquakes, because medium-magnitude temblors occur as many as a dozen times more than catastrophic earthquakes – at least from the year 1900. In China, local governments are obligated to protect residents against earthquakes that have a magnitude of <bm>Ms</bm>$6.0. The ways in which local governments perform these obligations differ, however, due to obstacles such as inadequate disaster planning, a lack of public earthquake awareness, and a shortage of qualified emergency managers. When an earthquake hits, the hazards that residents are unaware of may arise concurrently, putting thousands lives and millions of acres of property in danger. In short, the response capacity of local governments is crucial to an earthquake’s aftermath. To enhance the capacity of local government response to earthquake emergencies, the National Earthquake Response Support Service (NERSS) of China started work on training programs years ago. With the cooperation with the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and Japanese scientists in the last five years, based on lessons learned from China’s historical earthquakes and disasters, the authors have created the prototype for an earthquake disaster management curriculum, which it has then been demonstrated and continuously improved. This paper reviews the prototype curriculum and its development methodology, presents demonstrative deliveries of the curriculum, and discusses training effectiveness and further improvements. Applying an international emergency management framework and related experience, focusing on local government capacity building, the demonstrative trainings have been proved to be beneficial to local government response activities and the latest amendment to earthquake preplanning in China. Future systematic tracking research of training effectiveness is proposed to keep curriculum updating and appropriate as times change.
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Cui, Yueju, Jianan Huang, Zhaojun Zeng, and Zhenyu Zou. "CO Emissions Associated with Three Major Earthquakes Occurring in Diverse Tectonic Environments." Remote Sensing 16, no. 3 (January 26, 2024): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16030480.

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Significant amounts of gases are emitted from the earth’s crust into the atmosphere before, during, and after major earthquakes. To understand the relationship between gas emissions, earthquakes, and tectonics, we conducted a thorough investigation using satellite data from AQUA AIRS. We focused on three major earthquakes: the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan MW 7.9 earthquake in China’s intra-continental plate, the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman MW 9.1 earthquake in Indonesia Island, and the 4 April 2010 Baja California MW 7.2 earthquake in Mexico’s active plate margin. Anomalies in the total column (TotCO) and multiple layers (CO VMR) of carbon monoxide were observed along fault zones, with peak values at the epicenter areas. Furthermore, temporal anomalies of TotCO and CO VMR appeared in the month of the Wenchuan earthquake in the intra-continent, three months prior to the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and one month before the Baja California earthquake in the active plate margins, respectively. Notably, the duration of CO anomalies before earthquakes in active plate margins was longer than that in the intra-continental region, and the intensity of the CO anomaly in active plate margins was higher than that in the intra-continental region. The results show a profound correlation with both seismic and tectonic activities, which was particularly evident in the earthquake’s magnitude, rupture length, and the tectonic settings surrounding the epicenter. Furthermore, the type of the fault at which the earthquake occurred also played an important role in these CO anomaly variations. These findings support the identification of earthquake precursors and may help improve our understanding of earthquake forecasting and tectonics.
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Nanjo, Kazuyoshi Z. "Predicting the unpredictable." Impact 2020, no. 6 (November 16, 2020): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.6.35.

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Better understanding of hazardous natural phenomena means improved preparedness and the opportunity to mitigate the damaging impact of these natural hazards. For example, improving knowledge about earthquakes can enable safer buildings to be built, as well as disaster prevention measures to be implemented, ultimately saving lives. This is particularly important in a country like Japan, which is earthquake-prone and where earthquakes prove to be very unpredictable. A team of Japanese researchers is seeking to reduce uncertainty in earthquake hazards by conducting statistical analyses of seismic activity, with a focus on the Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake. These investigations have enabled the researchers to estimate the state of the stress in and around the earthquake's focal region, and they believe this may lead to a method for qualitatively evaluating whether the next Nankai Trough earthquake is imminent.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Earthquakes"

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Donner, Stefanie, Manfred Strecker, Dirk Rößler, Abdolreza Ghods, Frank Krüger, Angela Landgraf, and Paolo Ballato. "Earthquake source models for earthquakes in Northern Iran." Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3258/.

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The complex system of strike-slip and thrust faults in the Alborz Mountains, Northern Iran, are not well understood yet. Mainly structural and geomorphic data are available so far. As a more extensive base for seismotectonic studies and seismic hazard analysis we plan to do a comprehensive seismic moment tensor study also from smaller magnitudes (M < 4.5) by developing a new algorithm. Here, we present first preliminary results.
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Ito, Eri. "Integrated Earthquake Risk Evaluation for Mega-Thrust Earthquakes." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263356.

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Weatherley, Dion Kent. "Investigations of automaton earthquake models : implications for seismicity and earthquake forecasting /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16401.pdf.

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Cothern, Keegan. "Bracing Japan: Earthquakes, Nature, Planning, and the (Re)Construction of Japan, 1923-1995." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1462783823.

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Hampsher, Joshua A. "English interpretations of the earthquake at Lisbon." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p006-1550.

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Kumar, Senthil. "Earthquake size, recurrence and rupture mechanics of large surface-rupture earthquakes along the Himalayan Frontal Thrust of India /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/dissertations/fullcit/3209126.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2005.
"August 2005." Includes bibliographical references. Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2005]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.
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Convers, Jaime Andres. "Global investigations of radiated seismic energy and real-time implementation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50356.

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This dissertation contains investigations of radiated seismic energy measurements from large earthquakes and duration determinations as significant properties of the dynamic earthquake rupture and its applications in the identification of very large and slow source rupturing earthquakes. This includes a description of earthquake released seismic energy from 1997 to 2010 and identification of slow source tsunami earthquakes in that time period. The implementation of these measurements in real-time since the beginning of 2009, with a case study of the Mentawai 2010 tsunami earthquake are also discussed. Further studies of rupture duration assessments and its technical improvements for more rapid and robust solutions are investigated as well, with application to the Tohoku-Oki 2011 earthquake an a case of directivity in the 2007 Mw 8.1 Solomon islands earthquake. Finally, the set of routines and programs developed for implementation at Georgia Tech and IRIS to produce the real-time results since 2009 presented in this study are described.
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Neupane, Ganesh Prasad. "Comparison of Natural and Predicted Earthquake Occurrence in Seismologically Active Areas for Determination of Statistical Significance." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1213494761.

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McHattie, Samuel Alexander. "Seismic Response of the UC Physics Building in the Canterbury Earthquakes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resource Engineering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8801.

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The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the seismic response of the UC Physics Building based on recorded ground motions during the Canterbury earthquakes, and to use the recorded response to evaluate the efficacy of various conventional structural analysis modelling assumptions. The recorded instrument data is examined and analysed to determine how the UC Physics Building performed during the earthquake-induced ground motions. Ten of the largest earthquake events from the 2010-11 Canterbury earthquake sequence are selected in order to understand the seismic response under various levels of demand. Peak response amplitude values are found which characterise the demand from each event. Spectral analysis techniques are utilised to find the natural periods of the structure in each orthogonal direction. Significant torsional and rocking responses are also identified from the recorded ground motions. In addition, the observed building response is used to scrutinise the adequacy of NZ design code prescriptions for fundamental period, response spectra, floor acceleration and effective member stiffness. The efficacy of conventional numerical modelling assumptions for representing the UC Physics Building are examined using the observed building response. The numerical models comprise of the following: a one dimensional multi degree of freedom model, a two dimensional model along each axis of the building and a three dimensional model. Both moderate and strong ground motion records are used to examine the response and subsequently clarify the importance of linear and non-linear responses and the inclusion of base flexibility. The effects of soil-structure interaction are found to be significant in the transverse direction but not the longitudinal direction. Non-linear models predict minor in-elastic behaviour in both directions during the 4 September 2010 Mw 7.1 Darfield earthquake. The observed torsional response is found to be accurately captured by the three dimensional model by considering the interaction between the UC Physics Building and the adjacent structure. With the inclusion of adequate numerical modelling assumptions, the structural response is able to be predicted to within 10% for the majority of the earthquake events considered.
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Budimir, Mirianna. "Cascading natural hazards : probability and loss modelling for earthquakes and earthquake-triggered landslides." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/378652/.

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Books on the topic "Earthquakes"

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Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, ed. Earthquakes and earthquake insurance. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1991.

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Buydos, John F. Earthquakes and earthquake engineering. Washington, D.C: Science Reference Section, Science and Technology Division, Library of Congress, 1989.

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Buydos, John F. Earthquakes and earthquake engineering. Washington, D.C: Science Reference Section, Science, Technology, and Business Division, Library of Congress, 2005.

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Kusky, Timothy M. Earthquakes: Plate tectonics and earthquake hazards. New York, NY: Facts On File, 2008.

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United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [Earthquakes]. Rockville, Md.?]: [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration], 1990.

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author, Drohan Michele Ingber, ed. Eerie earthquakes. New York, NY: Enslow Publishing, 2016.

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Pope, Joyce. Earthquakes. Brookfield, Conn: Copper Beech Books, 1998.

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Graham, Ian. Earthquakes. Tunbridge Wells: Ticktock, 2009.

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Kagan, Yan Y. Earthquakes. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118637913.

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Senker, Cath. Earthquakes. London: Hodder Wayland, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Earthquakes"

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Sintubin, Manuel. "Archaeoseismology: Identifying Earthquake Effects in Ancient Sites." In Understanding Past Earthquakes, 81–97. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73580-6_4.

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Abstract The burgeoning scientific discipline of archaeoseismology is the interdisciplinary study of—prehistoric to recent—earthquakes through a range of evidence in the archaeological record, from structural damage to manmade structures to changes in the cultural fabric of a society. The identification of potential earthquake archaeological effects in archaeological contexts is a first step in the archaeoseismological endavour. Relating these effects unambiguously to earthquakes remains challenging to archaeoseismologists, both in space and time. In common with paleoseismology, archaeoseismology aims at parameterizing ancient earthquakes and thus completing the earthquake catalogue of a region. New interdisciplinary developments in quantitative archaeoseismology turn archaeological sites into seismoscopes, becoming testing grounds to quantitatively assess site-specific ground motion effects. In common with archaeology, archaeoseismology aims at understanding the relationship between earthquakes and ancient societies. Learning about the earthquake culture of our ancestors may eventually serve as an impetus to establish and foster local earthquake cultures in earthquake-prone regions.
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Wang, Chi-Yuen, and Michael Manga. "Earthquakes Influenced by Water." In Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences, 61–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64308-9_4.

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AbstractInjecting fluids in the crust, or their extraction, changes pore pressure and poroelastic stresses. Both pressure and stress changes can promote seismicity and, hence, the seismic events are called induced earthquakes. The filling of reservoirs on Earth’s surface can also induce earthquakes from some combination of surface loading and pore pressure changes. Attribution of any given earthquake to human activities, however, is not always straightforward. There remains debate about what controls the magnitude of induced earthquakes, the relative importance of pore pressure changes and poroelastic stresses, and how to best manage injection and extraction to minimize seismicity. As the scale and distribution of subsurface engineering expand globally, we should expect more and larger induced earthquakes in the future.
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Jain, Sreepat. "Earthquakes." In Fundamentals of Physical Geology, 337–69. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1539-4_15.

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Kukowski, Nina. "Earthquakes." In Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences, 209–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6238-1_106.

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Terakawa, Akira, and Osamu Matsuo. "Earthquakes." In Hydrology of Disasters, 427–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8680-1_13.

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Zhao, Yandong. "Earthquakes." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 1751–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_799.

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Schettino, Antonio. "Earthquakes." In Quantitative Plate Tectonics, 279–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09135-8_10.

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Siegel, Frederic R. "Earthquakes." In Mitigation of Dangers from Natural and Anthropogenic Hazards, 21–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38875-5_7.

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Karplus, Walter J. "Earthquakes." In The Heavens Are Falling, 243–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6024-5_12.

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Saito, Tatsuhiko. "Earthquakes." In Springer Geophysics, 105–48. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56850-6_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Earthquakes"

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Tapia-Hernández, Edgar, and Mehmet Cemal Genes. "The resilience of medical facilities during the Kahramanmaras Earthquake of February 6, 2023." In IABSE Congress, San José 2024: Beyond Structural Engineering in a Changing World, 242–49. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2024. https://doi.org/10.2749/sanjose.2024.0242.

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<p>On February 6, 2023, a series of earthquakes hit southern and central Turkey and northern and western Syria, causing significant damage to buildings and resulting in many casualties. This study aims to assess the impact of this damage on the healthcare services provided by seven hospitals. The research is based on a post-earthquake inspection in the field, seven weeks after the earthquakes. The operational performance of the hospitals varied significantly, with some that were not seismically isolated experiencing total or partial collapse. The study includes government, private, and university hospitals, and aims to connect the damage in buildings, critical systems, and medical functionality with the seismic demands. The discussion includes interviews with the hospital managements and staff members to understand the critical decisions made and possible rehabilitation activities after the earthquake.</p>
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Trifunovic, Marija, Ady Aviram, Eduardo Marín, and Victor Zayas. "Loss of Hospital Functionality Following Major Earthquakes." In IABSE Congress, San José 2024: Beyond Structural Engineering in a Changing World, 250–58. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2024. https://doi.org/10.2749/sanjose.2024.0250.

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<p>Despite significant advances in seismic-resistant design codes for fixed-based, ductile structures, the recurring disruption of medical services and loss of hospital functionality following major earthquake disasters, due to both structural and nonstructural damage, underline the need of implementing enhanced structure design criteria and cutting-edge technologies – with seismic isolation as the leading seismic protection strategy – to reliably achieve seismic resiliency of these essential facilities. A brief overview of past hospital failures during select earthquakes are thus presented herein, focusing on the criticality of acceleration- and drift-sensitive nonstructural components to support the set of recommended Continued Functionality design criteria specified in the Seismic Isolator Standard (SIS) targeting optimal performance of seismically isolated buildings, which far surpass the minimum Collapse Prevention or Life Safety goals.</p>
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Kazama, Hiroki. "Assessing structural safety under repeated earthquakes: Integration of an energy-based function in Nsmos®." In Structural Health Monitoring, 285–91. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903513-33.

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Abstract. The authors have developed and integrated a new function into an existing operational monitoring system (NSmos®) to assess structural safety of a steel structure during repeated earthquakes, such as the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes. Using data from the system's accelerometers, the acceleration and displacement of each story of a building are estimated. The acceleration is then multiplied by the pre-inputted story weight to estimate the earthquake-induced shear force. Based on the resulting restoring force, the earthquake’s induced hysteretic energy is calculated and added to that of previous earthquakes. This cumulative energy is then compared to the building's energy-dissipation capacity, which is determined from the specifications of its structural members in accordance with energy-based design theory. Finally, the accuracy of this approach is verified through computational analysis.
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Uslu, Kamil. "Economic Costs of Earthquakes Occurred in Various Regions of the World and in Turkey, Precautions to be taken, Japan Example." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies, 109–26. Eurasian Economists Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c16.02883.

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There have been many earthquakes, large and small, in various earthquake regions of the world from past to present. Earthquakes will continue to occur whose location and time are unknown. When the plates in the Earth's formation move against each other, pressure is exerted on the lithosphere. As a result, the plates in the earth's crust exert forces on each other as they move. When the force is great enough, the crust is forced to break, creating what we call an earthquake. In our study, as a result of deadly destructive disasters caused by earthquakes in the world and in Turkiye; Information will be presented about the negative effects of earthquakes on country economies, costs and expenses, public policy measures to be taken, and the Japanese practice. Earthquake geology and engineering are excluded from the scope of the study. Since there is no technology to prevent earthquakes, living with the reality of earthquakes and living in accordance with public and private rules can also reduce the risk of devastating and fatal disasters.
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Slavkovic, Rade, and Slobodan Filipovic. "PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT TO THE POPULATION AS A MEASURE FOR ALLIEVATING THE CONSEQUENCES OF EARTHQUAKES." In SECURITY AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT - THEORY AND PRACTICE. RASEC, 2024. https://doi.org/10.70995/pytw9028.

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Earthquakes are the most terrible natural disasters that occur our planet, which has attracted the attention of the human race since ancient times. They are catastrophic natural events. They are formed due to the movement of tectonic plates, and there is a displacement and even dislocation, soil. Strong earthquakes induce significant material damage, and there is a loss of life as the seismic event itself is not directly lethal. It is not possible to safely predict the earthquake because only the prediction is a very complex process. Some countries have established a warning system for possible earthquakes, so in the event of an earthquake, the population is given a few minutes to evacuate or take other precautions and prepare for the earthquake. Earthquakes can cause different psychological reactions to humans, so psychological support is key to mitigating the consequences of the earthquake.
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Zaleski, Martin, Gerald Ferris, and Alex Baumgard. "Near-Real-Time Seismic Monitoring for Pipelines." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78013.

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Earthquake hazard management for oil and gas pipelines should include both preparedness and response. The typical approach for management of seismic hazards for pipelines is to determine where large ground motions are frequently expected, and apply mitigation to those pipeline segments. The approach presented in this paper supplements the typical approach but focuses on what to do, and where to do it, just after an earthquake happens. In other words, we ask and answer: “Is the earthquake we just had important?”, “What pipeline is and what sites might it be important for?”, and “What should we do?” In general, modern, high-pressure oil and gas pipelines resist the direct effects of strong shaking, but are vulnerable to large co-seismic differential permanent ground displacement (PGD) produced by surface fault rupture, landslides, soil liquefaction, or lateral spreading. The approach used in this paper employs empirical relationships between earthquake magnitude, distance, and the occurrence of PGD, derived from co-seismic PGD case-history data, to prioritize affected pipeline segments for detailed site-specific hazard assessments, pre-event resiliency upgrades, and post-event response. To help pipeline operators prepare for earthquakes, pipeline networks are mapped with respect to earthquake probability and co-seismic PGD susceptibility. Geological and terrain analyses identify pipeline segments that cross PGD-susceptible ground. Probabilistic seismic models and deterministic scenarios are considered in estimating the frequency of sufficiently large and close causative earthquakes. Pipeline segments are prioritized where strong earthquakes are frequent and ground is susceptible to co-seismic PGD. These may be short-listed for mitigation that either reduces the pipeline’s vulnerability to damage or limits failure consequences. When an earthquake occurs, pipeline segments with credible PGD potential are highlighted within minutes of an earthquake’s occurrence. These assessments occur in near-real-time as part of an online geohazard management database. The system collects magnitude and location data from online earthquake data feeds and intersects them against pipeline network and terrain hazard map data. Pipeline operators can quickly mobilize inspection and response resources to a focused area of concern.
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Tsai, C. S., C. K. Cheng, M. J. Chen, and S. H. Yu. "Experimental Study of MFPS-Isolated Sensitive Equipment." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71314.

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After observations of many seismic disasters, let is found that many structures were just damaged slightly or even without any damage such as hospitals, high technology factories, computer generator rooms, but huge damage to internal installations was caused by earthquakes. Therefore, in addition to promoting the earthquake-resistant capacity of a structure, it is also important to ensure the safety of ancient objects and instruments in the structure. Structural control has been recognized as an effective and attractive method for preventing structural damage from earthquakes. In this study, shaking table tests of the high-end server equipment equipped with the multiple friction pendulum system (MFPS) were carried out to study the earthquake-proof benefit of the MFPS isolator. The MFPS isolator can not only shift the natural periods of high-end server equipments away from the rich period contents of earthquake motions, but also provide considerable hysteretic friction damping to absorb the input energy of earthquakes to insure the sensitive equipments unharmed during earthquakes.
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Kaushik Mahanta, K. M. "Earthquake Classification Using Resnet 50 Model: A Machine Learning Approach." In International Geomechanics Conference. ARMA, 2024. https://doi.org/10.56952/igs-2024-0649.

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ABSTRACT: Earthquakes can result in significant loss and damage to life and infrastructure, which requires rapid and accurate detection. Traditional methods often face challenges in classifying earthquake signals from noise especially in seismically active zones. This study explores the application of the ResNet-50 deep-learning convolutional neural network model to classify earthquake signals using seismic waveforms. The model is trained on the Italian earthquake dataset containing 1.2 million three-component traces from approximately 50,000 earthquakes and 130,000 noise traces recorded between 2005 and 2020. ResNet-50 enhances feature representation better gradient flow during backpropagation through residual connections. The Binary Cross Entropy (BCE) loss function and ADAM optimizer is used in this study with spectral analysis aiding to extract frequency features. The model achieves an accuracy ranging from 0.79 to 0.95, with precision and recall between 0.79 to 0.97, demonstrating its effectiveness in accurately identifying seismic events amid background noise. These findings highlight the potential of the ResNet-50 model to enhance earthquake monitoring and early detection systems. 1. INTRODUCTION One of the most impressive geological phenomena, earthquakes, can have disastrous consequences for life and infrastructure. Earthquakes continue to be among the most erratic natural disasters. A summary of the 20 years’ worth of catastrophes shows 552 earthquakes or 8% of all disasters globally. These earthquakes rank third after storms (2043 events, or 28% of the total) and floods (3254 events, or 44%) (Mavrouli et al., 2023). In addition to intense ground motion and seismic events, secondary effects, primarily landslides and tsunamis, are also blamed for related calamities causing loss of life and damage to infrastructures. Accurate classification of earthquake signals is important in applications of earthquake early warning, monitoring and seismic data processing. This work aims to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) with seismic data to enable it to identify signals as noise or earthquake. Recent developments in Machine learning have led to complex neural network architectures. These architectures perform exceptionally effectively in pattern recognition tasks. Deep learning algorithms like CNN effectively segment and classify tasks, including image recognition, signal processing, and medical imaging. These algorithms can learn complex patterns and features from the data, making them a great tool to apply to waveform analysis for robust end, efficient earthquake signal detection tasks.
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Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu. "What Is Tsunami Earthquake?" In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-63104.

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Abstract A tsunami earthquake is defined as an earthquake which induces abnormally strong tsunami waves compared with its seismic magnitude (Kanamori 1972; Kanamori and Anderson 1975; Tanioka and Seno 2001). We investigate the possibility that the surface waves (Rayleigh, Love, and tsunami waves) in tsunami earthquakes are amplified by secondly submarine landslides, induced by the liquefaction of the sea floor due to the strong vibrations of the earthquakes. As pointed by Kanamori (2004), tsunami earthquakes are significantly stronger in longer waves than 100 s and low in radiation efficiencies of seismic waves by one or two order of magnitudes. These natures are in favor of a significant contribution of landslides. The landslides can generate seismic waves with longer period with lower efficiency than the tectonic fault motions (Kanamori et al 1980; Eissler and Kanamori 1987; Hasegawa and Kanamori 1987). We further investigate the distribution of the tsunami earthquakes and found that most of their epicenters are located at the steep slopes in the landward side of the trenches or around volcanic islands, where the soft sediments layers from the landmass are nearly critical against slope failures. This distribution suggests that the secondly landslides may contribute to the tsunami earthquakes. In the present paper, we will investigate the rapture processes determined by the inversion analysis of seismic surface waves of tsunami earthquakes can be explained by massive landslides, simultaneously triggered by earthquakes in the tsunami earthquakes which took place near the trenches.
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Im, Kyungjae, Jean-Philippe Avouac, Taeho Kim, and Linxuan Li. "Simulating Induced Earthquakes in Complex Fault Systems." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-1235.

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ABSTRACT: Much progress has recently been made in the development of stress-based models for forecasting induced earthquakes. Models based on a point-source representation of earthquake nucleation can already be used to estimate seismicity rates. Forecasting magnitudes with stress-based models remains a challenge that requires taking fault finite size and network geometry into account. Quake-DFN, an open-source earthquake simulator, was developed to address this challenge. It allows simulating sequences of earthquakes in a 3-D Discrete Fault Network governed by rate and state friction, a phenomenological law established based on laboratory observations. Our simulation method aligns with the widely used quasi-dynamic earthquake simulators, but it also has the unique capability to simulate realistic discrete fault geometry and inertial overshoot effect. Quake-DFN was benchmarked against three publicly available simulation results: (1) the rupture of a planar fault with uniform prestress, (2) the propagation of a rupture across a stepover separating two parallel planar faults, and (3) a branch fault system with a secondary fault splaying from a main fault. Next, we explored the factors that determine the magnitudes of injection-induced earthquakes for various fault geometries and loading mechanisms. Firstly, we investigated a single planar fault system. Depending on the initial state, the simulations demonstrate both self-arrested ruptures with a log-linear evolution of maximum magnitude with injection volume and runaway ruptures where the entire fault ruptured early stage. We showed that these behaviors can be theoretically explained with fracture mechanics. Using the same geometry, we additionally conduct simulations with frictional heterogeneity and find that simple heterogeneity patterns can result in a Gutenberg-Richter-like magnitude distribution, making the earthquake sequence more realistic and potentially allowing us to investigate the origin of the magnitude distribution. We then test a slightly more complex fault system – a uniformly distributed discrete faults. In this system, weakly interacting small faults are distributed with different initial states corresponding to Dietrich's model (1994), a widely used earthquake model in induced earthquake studies. We find some inherent assumptions in the Dieterich model (e.g., all faults are critically stressed) may lead to a biased interpretation of induced earthquakes. Lastly, we conducted simulations with varied initial states using a fault network and stress field similar to the one that was activated during the 2011 Prague, Oklahoma, earthquake sequence. The simulations produce realistic earthquake sequences, and a few simulations successfully reproduce the foreshock-mainshock pattern observed in the actual earthquake sequence. We note that Quake-DFN can easily be coupled (one-way) with existing geomechanical models and, hence, can further accommodate inhomogeneous permeability structures. Quake-DFN uses laboratory-measured friction parameters and further allows exploring the uncertainty of laboratory measurements by simulating a wide range of parameter space due to its low computational cost. These examples show that Quake-DFN is a useful tool to forecast a large variety of earthquake sequences and, most importantly, magnitudes induced by a fluid injection near a known fault system.
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Reports on the topic "Earthquakes"

1

Rogers, G. C. Earthquakes and earthquake hazard in the Vancouver area. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/210034.

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Rutherford, J., and J. F. Cassidy. Comparing felt intensity patterns for crustal earthquakes in the Cascadia and Chilean subduction zones, offshore British Columbia, United States, and Chile. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330475.

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In this study, we utilize US Geological Survey citizen science earthquake felt intensity data to investigate whether , crustal earthquakes in the Chilean Subduction Zone show similar, "felt intensity" distributions to events of the same magnitude and depths within the Cascadia Subduction Zone (Quitoriano &amp; Wald, 2020; USGS Earthquake Hazards Program, 2020). In a companion article (Rutherford &amp; Cassidy, 2022) we examine intraslab deep earthquake intensity patterns for the Chile and Cascadia subduction zones. Building on from the intraslab companion article, the goal of this comparison is to determine whether felt intensity information from several recent large (M8-8.8) subduction earthquakes in Chile can be applied to Cascadia (where no subduction earthquakes have been felt since 1700). This would provide a better understanding of shaking intensity patterns for future subduction earthquakes in Cascadia - critical information for scientists, engineers, and emergency management organizations. For this research, we utilized 20 years of cataloged Did-You-Feel-It (DYFI) citizen science data from the US Geological Survey's (USGS) earthquake online catalog, the ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog (ComCat) Documentation (USGS Earthquake Hazards Program, 2021). In total, we considered and compared intensity patterns for fourteen magnitudes from 30 earthquakes in Cascadia (ranging from magnitudes 4.5 to 7.2, the highest magnitude event in Cascadia zone) to the intensity patterns from 114 earthquakes in Chile, with the same magnitudes as the Cascadia events (M4.5-M7.2). Our analysis involved plotting and fitting the Chile and Cascadia earthquake DYFI responses to compare the intensity patterns for the two subduction zones. Overall, we find good agreement between felt patterns in Chile and Cascadia. For example, all plots show the expected downward trend for intensity with distance. Even distribution with limited clustering is seen in all fourteen magnitudes, with slight intensity clustering of responses around the 30 to 600 km. This is slightly different from the intraslab pattern which demonstrated a distinct cluster at further distance from the hypocenter, e.g., cluster at 50 to 300 km. These results provide confidence that we can use Chilean intensity data for megathrust earthquakes in Cascadia.
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Adams, J. Earthquakes. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/205056.

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Hastings, N., and T. E. Hobbs. Earthquakes. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330532.

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Bent, A. L. A revised moment magnitude catalog of eastern Canada's largest earthquakes. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329612.

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Although there are many scales used to calculate earthquake magnitude, moment magnitude is currently considered the preferred magnitude scale for use in seismic hazard assessment in Canada. Historically, moment magnitude was not determined for eastern Canadian earthquakes although it has been routinely calculated for earthquakes of approximately magnitude 4.0 and greater, on regional magnitude scales, for the last decade. Thus, most moment magnitudes for eastern Canadian earthquakes must be obtained by converting from another magnitude scale or from felt information. This paper provides a moment magnitude catalog for the largest earthquakes in eastern Canada and vicinity. The study derives moment magnitudes for some events but also makes use of values from the published literature. Earthquakes are assessed individually using all available sources of information. The resulting catalog provides moment magnitudes for 254 events. Three additional events were evaluated but removed from the catalog as it is highly questionable whether they were earthquakes.
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Bent, A. L., and P. Voss. Seismicity in the Labrador-Baffin Seaway and surrounding onshore regions. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321857.

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Studying earthquakes in Baffin Bay and the surrounding regions is challenging. There is no knowledge of earthquake activity in this region prior to 1933 when a moment magnitude (MW) 7.4 earthquake occurred in Baffin Bay. With improved instrumentation, increased seismograph coverage in the north, and modern analysis techniques, knowledge and understanding of earthquakes in the Baffin region is improving. Active seismic zones include Baffin Bay, the east coast of Baffin Island, and the Labrador Sea, separated by areas of low seismicity. Focal-mechanism solutions show a mix of faulting styles, predominantly strike-slip and thrust. Regional stress-axes orientations show more consistency, which suggests that activity is occurring on previously existing structures in response to the current stress field. There is little correlation between earthquake epicentres in Baffin Bay and mapped structures. Glacial isostatic adjustment may be a triggering mechanism for earthquakes in the Baffin region, but modelling efforts have yielded equivocal results.
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Lamontagne, M. Développement d'un système d'alerte précoce pour les tremblements de terre du Québec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328951.

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Several regions of the world already have or are in the process of developing an early warning system (EWS) for earthquakes. As is well known, earthquakes cannot be predicted in the short term. However, an EWS is based on the principle that when a strong earthquake occurs, the initial seismic waves detected by seismographs near the epicentre can be quickly analysed. Once analyzed automatically, an alarm signal can be sent to more distant areas before damaging seismic waves arrive. This alert can then be used to take action before the seismic waves arrive (such as stopping industrial activities for example). In Canada, these technologies are being developed for the Pacific region and Eastern Canada. Quebec is particularly interesting because earthquakes of magnitude 5 are felt at great distances, which increases the warning time when an earthquake occurs. Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) will lead this initiative, in partnership with provincial collaborators. The private sector will also be involved through the development of software and applications. NRCan is therefore reaching out to potential partners in such an earthquake warning system.
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Bent, A. L. Seismograms for historic Canadian earthquakes: the 1 November 1935 Timiskaming earthquake. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/194775.

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Salisbury, J. B. Earthquakes in Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/30097.

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Drysdale, J. A., and R. B. Horner. Canadian earthquakes - 1984. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/122761.

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