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Journal articles on the topic 'Earthquakes, 1908'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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1

Di Giacomo, Domenico, and James W. Dewey. "The (Mythical) M 8.2 Off Coast of Peru Earthquake of 12 December 1908." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 1 (2019): 488–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190232.

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Abstract Global earthquake catalogs covering the early twentieth century differ in their listings of a large earthquake, or earthquakes, on 12 December 1908. Some catalogs list an M∼7 earthquake originating in northern Myanmar (Burma) at ∼12:55 UTC on that date. Other catalogs do not list the Myanmar origin but list an earthquake with magnitude 8.2 originating in or near Peru at 12:08 UTC on the date. Some catalogs list both origins, but sometimes with additional evidence suggesting that the 1908 M 8.2 Peru origin may be “mythical.” In a review of arrival times of phases reported in seismic bu

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2

Reitherman, Robert. "Earthquakes that have initiated the development of earthquake engineering." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 39, no. 3 (2006): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.39.3.145-157.

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The recent 75th anniversary of the 1931 Hawke’s Bay Earthquake reminds us that a particular earthquake can have a great effect on the development of engineering methods to contend with this natural hazard. Factors other than the occurrence of a single earthquake are also present before and after such a historically important event, and there are examples of countries that began on the path toward modern earthquake engineering in the absence of any particular earthquake playing an important causal role. An earthquake that was large in seismological (e.g. magnitude) or engineering (e.g. destruct

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3

Wald, David J., Hiroo Kanamori, Donald V. Helmberger, and Thomas H. Heaton. "Source study of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 83, no. 4 (1993): 981–1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0830040981.

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Abstract All quality teleseismic recordings of the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake archived in the 1908 Carnegie Report by the State Earthquake Investigation Commission were scanned and digitized. First order results were obtained by comparing complexity and amplitudes of teleseismic waveforms from the 1906 earthquake with well calibrated, similarly located, more recent earthquakes (1979 Coyote Lake, 1984 Morgan Hill, and 1989 Loma Prieta earthquakes) at nearly co-located modern stations. Peak amplitude ratios for calibration events indicated that a localized moment release of about 1 to 1

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De Santo, Natale Gaspare, Carmela Bisaccia, and Luca Salvatore De Santo. "Maximum Time-to-Rescue After the 1908 Messina-Reggio Calabria Earthquake was 20 Days: Hints for Disaster Planning?" Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 3 (2017): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x17000024.

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AbstractIntroductionMaximum time-to-rescue has been studied accurately for many earthquakes in the years 1985-2004. No study is available for historical quakes.Hypothesis/ProblemThis study aimed to evaluate long-term survivors (from the fifth day after the quake) of the Messina-Reggio Calabria earthquake (1908; Italy), which is considered, historically, to be the worst seismic event in Europe.MethodsAccurate readings of 11 national newspapers from the fifth day after the quake looking for rescued persons and transferring, to an ad hoc form, all data relating to each rescued person.ResultsThe m

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Pucinotti, Raffaele, Rita A. De Lorenzo, and Chiara Bedon. "Seismic Isolation Devices for Protecting RC Buildings: The Frangipane School in Reggio Calabria." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (2022): 12894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412894.

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Seismic isolation devices, as known, are particularly efficient tools for the protection of newly designed or existing buildings and infrastructures and for the mitigation of maximum effects due to earthquakes. The highest is the vulnerability of a given existing construction, and the higher is the benefit in structural terms due to a possible retrofit intervention based on base isolation. This is especially the case of reinforced concrete (RC) building frames built in the 1960s in the Italian context and originally designed with a code of the first generation (“Regio Decreto Legge 25 Marzo 19

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6

Andrenacci, Carlo, Simone Bello, Maria Serafina Barbano, et al. "Reappraisal and Analysis of Macroseismic Data for Seismotectonic Purposes: The Strong Earthquakes of Southern Calabria, Italy." Geosciences 13, no. 7 (2023): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13070212.

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In tectonically active areas, such as the Italian peninsula, studying the faults responsible for strong earthquakes is often challenging, especially when the earthquakes occurred in historical times. In such cases, geoscientists need to integrate all the available information from historical reports, surface geology, and geophysics to constrain the faults responsible for the earthquakes from a seismotectonic point of view. In this paper, we update and review, according to the EMS-98 scale, the macroseismic fields of the five main events of the 1783 Calabria sequence (5, 6, and 7 February, 1 an

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7

Pino, Nicola Alessandro. "The analysis of historical seismograms: an important tool for seismic hazard assessment. Case histories from French and Italian earthquakes." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 182, no. 4 (2011): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.182.4.367.

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AbstractSeismic hazard assessment relies on the knowledge of the source characteristics of past earthquakes. Unfortunately, seismic waveform analysis, representing the most powerful tool for the investigation of earthquake source parameters, is only possible for events occurred in the last 100–120 years, i.e., since seismographs with known response function were developed. Nevertheless, during this time significant earthquakes have been recorded by such instruments and today, also thanks to technological progress, these data can be recovered and analysed by means of modern techniques.In this p

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8

Etirmishli, G. J., S. E. Kazimova, S. S. Ismailova, and R. D. Kerimova. "Modernization of the system of seismological observations in the territory of Azerbaijan." Russian Journal of Seismology 4, no. 3 (2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35540/2686-7907.2022.3.02.

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The study of the seismicity of territories, the identification of potential sources of earthquakes and other seismological, seismotectonic studies ultimately serve to assess the seismic risk and determine ways to reduce it. According to the schematic map of seismic zoning, the background level of seismic hazard in the territory of Azerbaijan is 8 points. Thus, the creation of modern seismic monitoring, an alarm system and warning of seismic danger from tectonic earthquakes, is relevant for the territory of the republic. The article describes the historical process of upgrading old analog instr

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9

Carrara, Paul E., and J. Micheal O’Neill. "Tree-ring dated landslide movements and their relationship to seismic events in southwestern Montana, USA." Quaternary Research 59, no. 1 (2003): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-5894(02)00010-8.

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AbstractTo determine periods of incremental landslide movement and their possible relationship to regional seismic events, the tree-ring records of 32 tilted and damaged conifers at three sites on landslides in the Gravelly Range of southwestern Montana were examined. Several signs of disturbance in the tree-ring record indicating landslide movement were observed. Commonly, the tree-ring record displayed a marked reduction in annual ring width and/or the reaction wood formation. The tree-ring records from the three landslide sites indicate multiple periods of movement during the 20th century.

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10

Schulten, Irena, Aaron Micallef, Sebastian Krastel, Morelia Urlaub, Marc-Andre Gutscher, and Heidrun Kopp. "Reconstruction of the 1908 Messina gravity flow (central Mediterranean Sea) from geophysical and sedimentological data." Marine Geology (0025-3227) (Elsevier BV) 459(5):107047 (April 11, 2023): 21 p. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2023.107047.

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Earthquakes, tsunamis and gravity flows are common processes offshore Eastern Sicily and pose a significant hazard to coastal communities and infrastructure. The 1908 Messina earthquake and tsunami resulted in >60,000 casualties. It caused a large turbidity current, which broke the Malta-Zante telegraph cable. Yet, this gravity flow remains poorly characterised in terms of its route and flow behaviour. A comprehensive analysis of multibeam echosounder data, sub-bottom profiles, and sediment cores has been carried out to improve our understanding about gravity flow activity within conduit sy

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Paparo, Maria Ausilia, Alberto Armigliato, Gianluca Pagnoni, Filippo Zaniboni, and Stefano Tinti. "Earthquake-triggered landslides along the Hyblean-Malta Escarpment (off Augusta, eastern Sicily, Italy) – assessment of the related tsunamigenic potential." Advances in Geosciences 44 (February 2, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-44-1-2017.

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Abstract. Eastern Sicily is affected by earthquakes and tsunamis of local and remote origin, which is known through numerous historical chronicles. Recent studies have put emphasis on the role of submarine landslides as the direct cause of the main local tsunamis, envisaging that earthquakes (in 1693 and 1908) did produce a tsunami, but also that they triggered mass failures that were able to generate an even larger tsunami. The debate is still open, and though no general consensus has been found among scientists so far, this research had the merit to attract attention on possible generation o

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12

Selva, J., A. Amato, A. Armigliato, et al. "Tsunami risk management for crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources in Italy." La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento 44, no. 2 (2021): 69–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40766-021-00016-9.

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AbstractDestructive tsunamis are most often generated by large earthquakes occurring at subduction interfaces, but also other “atypical” sources—defined as crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources altogether—may cause significant tsunami threats. Tsunamis may indeed be generated by different sources, such as earthquakes, submarine or coastal landslides, volcano-related phenomena, and atmospheric perturbations. The consideration of atypical sources is important worldwide, but it is especially prominent in complex tectonic settings such as the Mediterranean, the Caribbean, or the Indonesian a

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Wu, Zhongliang, Chaozhong Hu, Long Wang, Yongxian Zhang, and Zhigang Shao. "Tectonic Block Model of Continental Earthquakes in China: Twenty-years Retrospective." Journal of the Geological Society of India 97, no. 12 (2021): 1520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-021-1908-7.

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14

Polonia, A., L. Torelli, L. Gasperini, and P. Mussoni. "Active faults and historical earthquakes in the Messina Straits area (Ionian Sea)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 7 (2012): 2311–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-2311-2012.

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Abstract. The Calabrian Arc (CA) subduction complex is located at the toe of the Eurasian Plate in the Ionian Sea, where sediments resting on the lower plate have been scraped off and piled up in the accretionary wedge due to the African/Eurasian plate convergence and back arc extension. The CA has been struck repeatedly by destructive historical earthquakes, but knowledge of active faults and source parameters is relatively poor, particularly for seismogenic structures extending offshore. We analysed the fine structure of major tectonic features likely to have been sources of past earthquakes

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15

Bottari, A., P. Carveni, E. Lo Giudice, A. Nikonov, and R. Rasà. "Anomalous crustal movements prior to great earthquakes as derived from tide-gauge records: The Messina, 1908, I = XI, earthquake case history." Tectonophysics 202, no. 2-4 (1992): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(92)90112-j.

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16

Herak, Marijan, Davorka Herak, and Mladen Živčić. "Which one of the three latest large earthquakes in Zagreb was the strongest – the 1905, 1906 or the 2020 one?" Geofizika 38, no. 2 (2022): 117–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15233/gfz.2021.38.5.

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Following the damaging earthquake of 22 March 2020 (ML = 5.5, Mw = 5.3, Imax = VII EMS) in Zagreb, a question was raised whether this was the largest event after the Great Zagreb earthquake of 1880 (Imax = VIII MSK). The countercandidates are the events of 17 December 1905 and 2 January 1906, for which relevant earthquake catalogues mostly report larger or comparable magnitudes as for the earthquake of 2020, with their maximum intensities mostly within a narrow margin between VII and VII–VIII in various intensity scales. In order to resolve the question, we have (re)analysed all available macr

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17

IQBAL, Prahara, Dimas Aryo WIBOWO, Puguh Dwi RAHARJO, Hilda LESTIANA, and Eko PUSWANTO. "THE GREAT SUMATRAN FAULT DEPRESSION AT WEST LAMPUNG DISTRICT, SUMATRA, INDONESIA AS GEOMORPHOSITE FOR GEOHAZARD TOURISM." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 47, no. 2 (2023): 476–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.47214-1046.

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Two approaches can be taken to understand geotourism, namely the geological approach and the geographical approach. This approach will lead to the creation of new geotourism products, initiatives, and experiences, one of which is geohazard tourism involving faults and earthquakes. To identify geomorphosites, the researchers examined rocks, outcrops, and geomorphology. Then various thematic maps are created using mapping software and other drawing applications to simplify textual material and aid synthesis. A synthesis of all that is then carried out to reconstruct the geological and geomorphol

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18

Nasir, Asma, Esther Hintersberger, and Kurt Decker. "The 1906 Dobrá Voda Earthquake (M=5.7) at the Vienna Basin Transfer Fault: evaluation of the ESI2007 intensity and analysis of the aftershock sequence." Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences 113, no. 1 (2020): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17738/ajes.2020.0003.

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AbstractAftershock identification plays an important role in the assessment and characterization of large earthquakes. Especially, the length of the aftershock sequence is an important aspect of declustering earthquake catalogues and therefore impacts the frequency of earthquakes in a certain region, which is important for future seismic hazard assessment. However, in intraplate regions with low deformation rates and low to moderate seismicity, it is still questionable if aftershocks after a major event may continue for much longer time. In this study, we use one of the earliest instrumentally

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Ruggieri, Nicola, Gennaro Tampone, and Raffaele Zinno. "Typical Failures, Seismic Behavior and Safety of the “Bourbon System” with Timber Framing." Advanced Materials Research 778 (September 2013): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.58.

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All the research on the behavior and failure of specimens of the Bourbon System, masonry with timber framing, has been done on early 1900 C photographic records. The photos show some case baraccate damaged by the 1905 and 1908 seismic events. The damage is recorded also in the official documents of the technicians sent from Rome, just like Commissione del Genio Civile [, including Canevazzi and Panetti. More data come from Baratta punctual description [ who visited Calabrian towns damaged in the 1908 earthquake. Other news has been taken out from some old chronicles regarding timber frame buil

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Suárez, Gerardo, and Xyoli Pérez-Campos. "110th Anniversary of the Mexican National Seismological Service: An Account of Its Early Contributions." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 5 (2020): 2904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200157.

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Abstract The Mexican National Seismological Service (SSN) was founded on 5 September 1910, in response to commitments made by Mexico to the International Association of Seismology in 1903. The first seismic instruments installed in 1904 were a Bosch–Omori seismograph and a Palmieri seismoscope. The SSN was formally inaugurated on 5 September 1910, a few days before the revolution broke out; a political struggle that lasted over two decades. The SSN was inaugurated with a central station in Tacubaya, Mexico City, and two secondary stations. Wiechert seismographs were selected by the SSN for its

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Minelli, Liliana, Antonio Vecchio, Fabio Speranza, et al. "Aeromagnetic investigation of southern Calabria and the Messina Straits (Italy): Tracking seismogenic sources of 1783 and 1908 earthquakes." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 121, no. 3 (2016): 1297–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015jb012305.

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22

Kalligeris, Nikos, Vassilios Skanavis, Nikolaos S. Melis, et al. "The Mw = 6.6 earthquake and tsunami of south Crete on 2020 May 2." Geophysical Journal International 230, no. 1 (2022): 480–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac052.

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SUMMARY On 2020 May 2, an Mw = 6.6 earthquake struck about 63 km south of Ierapetra in Crete, Greece. The earthquake generated a small tsunami which agitated local harbours. We studied this event in the context of earthquakes with seismic records in 1908, 1910, 1923, 1952, 2009 and 2013, all of similar magnitudes located south of Crete. Based on an energy-to-moment ratio, our analysis suggests that this event was neither slow nor fast, hence appropriate for using scaling laws to infer seafloor deformations. We also performed a field survey, three days after the event and present field observat

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Way, Douglas, and Jack Howard. "Seismic Rehabilitation of the Mackay School of Mines, Phase III, with Base Isolation." Earthquake Spectra 6, no. 2 (1990): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585571.

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The original Mackay School of Mines Building was constructed in 1908. It is one of the original buildings of the University of Nevada, and is situated at the north end of the main quadrangle within the campus. Prominent in its location at University of Nevada and in appearance, the building is designated as a national historic monument. During the years of 1926 and 1956, significant structural alterations were made to the original building. Phase III work at the original Mackay School of Mines Building involves adding a library at the basement, with the balance of the building being remodeled

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Lai, Junyan, Lu Ding, Yuan Zhang, et al. "Development of NERSS Training Program for Earthquake Emergency Response Capacity Building of Local Governments." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 2 (2015): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0263.

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Responses to medium-magnitude earthquakes are as significant as to catastrophic earthquakes, because medium-magnitude temblors occur as many as a dozen times more than catastrophic earthquakes – at least from the year 1900. In China, local governments are obligated to protect residents against earthquakes that have a magnitude of <bm>Ms</bm>$6.0. The ways in which local governments perform these obligations differ, however, due to obstacles such as inadequate disaster planning, a lack of public earthquake awareness, and a shortage of qualified emergency managers. When an earthquake

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Sabnis, Kanchan A. "Earthquake Scenarios and Mega-mock Drills in the Himalaya." Journal Of The Geological Society Of India 101, no. 6 (2025): 861–65. https://doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/2025/174174.

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ABSTRACT The Himalayan earthquake belt is seismically one of the most active continental regions, holding the dubious record of experiencing the largest continental earthquake of Mw 8.7 on 15 August 1950. Actually, this belt has experienced a total of four Mw ~ 8 earthquakes during a short span of 53 years between 1897 and 1950. The 1950 earthquake had an aftershock of Mw ~8. Fortuitously, no earthquake of such magnitude has occurred in the region since 1950. Given the increase in population and infrastructure, there is an apprehension that a repeat of any of the past earthquakes in the region

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Rajaure, Sudhir, and Lalu Prasad Paudel. "A comprehensive earthquake catalogue for Nepal and its adjoining region." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 56, no. 1 (2018): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v56i1.22747.

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We have prepared a comprehensive earthquake catalogue for Nepal and its adjoining region. The catalogue contains magnitude - homogenized independent earthquakes of magnitude (Mw) between 4.0 and 8.5, which occurred between 1100 AD and 2018 AD. The catalogue contains date, time, latitude, longitude, depth, and magnitude of earthquakes, which are required in the study of seismic activity, tectonics and seismic hazard. Primary earthquake catalogues were collected from the International Seismological Centre (ISC, 2015), United States Geological Survey (USGS), which contain instrumentally recorded

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Murjaya, Jaya, Suaidi Ahadi, Petrus Demon Sili, et al. "Reconstruction of paleoearthquakes impact and its return period perspective study to support infrastructure resilience program (case study: paleoearthquakes in mainland island of Sumatra)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1479, no. 1 (2025): 012004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1479/1/012004.

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Abstract Sumatra island is one of earthquake prone area in Indonesia. Some of paleoearthquakes occurred in Sumatra Island and its vicinity as like earthquakes in Siberut island on 1797 with magnitude (M) 8.6-8.8, Bengkulu on 1833 (M 8.8-9.1) and Nias island on 1861 (M ∼8.5). All of earthquakes triggered of tsunami. Beside that some of paleoearthquakes occurred also in mainland island of Sumatra like as the earthquake on 1822, 1892 (M ∼ 7.7), 1909 (M∼7.6), 1921 (M∼7), 1933 (M∼7.5) and 1936 (M∼7.1) respectively. The purposes of this study to reconstruct of paleoearthquakes shaking impact, and es

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Bermúdez-Barrios, Juan Carlos, and Hiroyuki Kumagai. "Repeating Earthquakes Along the Colombian Subduction Zone." Journal of Disaster Research 15, no. 5 (2020): 645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2020.p0645.

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Colombia is tectonically active, and several large earthquakes have ruptured the Colombia-Ecuador subduction zone (CESZ) during the last century. Among them, the Colombia-Ecuador earthquake in 1906 (Mw 8.4) and the Tumaco earthquake in 1979 (Mw 8.3) generated destructive tsunamis. Therefore, it is important to characterize the seismic rupture processes and their relation with interplate coupling along the CESZ. We searched for repeating earthquakes by performing waveform similarity analysis. Cross correlation (CC) values were computed between earthquake pairs with hypocenter differences of les

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Brax, Marleine, Paola Albini, Céline Beauval, Rachid Jomaa, and Alexandre Sursock. "An Earthquake Catalog for the Lebanese Region." Seismological Research Letters 90, no. 6 (2019): 2236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220180292.

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ABSTRACT The present work aims at establishing an earthquake catalog for seismic hazard assessment in Lebanon. This catalog includes two different parts: historical earthquakes and instrumental earthquakes. The first part of the article describes the work done on the period 31 B.C.E. to the end of the nineteenth century. Numerous studies published in the last 30 yr, devoted to preinstrumental earthquakes in Lebanon, had not been included in any parametric earthquake catalog. A thorough and critical review of these studies was devised to check their respective interpretations of available earth

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Zakirova, Margarita Kh. "The Role of the Russian Government in the Organization of Measures to Provide Assistance to the Population Due to Earthquakes in Central Asia in the Late 19th - Early 20th Centuries." Herald of Omsk university. Series: Historical studies 11, no. 2 (2024): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2312-1300.2024.11(2).43-48.

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In the article on the basis of archival materials, deposited in the Russian State Military History Archive, information about Verny 1887 and Andijan 1902 earthquakes, similar in destructive power, when Verny and Andijan were completely destroyed, is given. The paper analyzes the activities of the Russian government during the Verny and Andijan earthquakes and assesses the measures taken to eliminate the causes of the disaster and restore the city's infrastructure. In particular, on the basis of documents preserved in the Russian State Archive of the Russian Federation, for the first time the i

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Perkins, Jeanne B., Arrietta Chakos, Robert A. Olson, L. Thomas Tobin, and Fred Turner. "A Retrospective on the 1906 Earthquake's Impact on Bay Area and California Public Policy." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 2_suppl (2006): 237–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2181527.

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The 1906 earthquake's influence has been both a blessing and curse on the Bay Area's and California's progress to effectively manage earthquake risk. This earthquake, and its impacts noted in the historical record, have both motivated and discouraged policymakers to act through mitigation and improved emergency response. This paper scrutinizes the 1906 earthquake using a public policy perspective. Building from that experience improves the region's future earthquake risk management efforts.

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Steeples, Don W., and Dan D. Steeples. "Far-field aftershocks of the 1906 earthquake." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 86, no. 4 (1996): 921–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0860040921.

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Abstract During the 24 hr following the great San Francisco, California, earthquake of 18 April 1906, separate seismic events were felt at Paisley, Oregon; Phoenix, Arizona; Los Angeles, California; and Brawley, California (MMIX). Using probability theory, we show that the occurrence of felt earthquakes in each of these widespread locations on the same day would constitute a rare event. Rates of felt-earthquake occurrences over a 9-yr period from 1897 to 1906 were determined for the four different regions that experienced earthquakes within 24 hr after the 1906 event. We modeled the likelihood

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Boatwright, John, Howard Bundock, and Linda C. Seekins. "Using Modified Mercalli Intensities to Estimate Acceleration Response Spectra for the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 2_suppl (2006): 279–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2186348.

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We derive and test relations between the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) and the pseudo-acceleration response spectra at 1.0 and 0.3 s— SA(1.0 s) and SA(0.3 s)—in order to map response spectral ordinates for the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Recent analyses of intensity have shown that MMI ≥ 6 correlates both with peak ground velocity and with response spectra for periods from 0.5 to 3.0 s. We use these recent results to derive a linear relation between MMI and log SA(1.0 s), and we refine this relation by comparing the SA(1.0 s) estimated from Boatwright and Bundock's (2005) MMI map for th

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Udías, Agustín, Elisa Buforn, José Manuel Martínez-Solares, and Carlos Sousa Oliveira. "Historical Sources for Earthquakes before 1900 on the Iberian Peninsula and in the Offshore Region." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 5 (2020): 2487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200038.

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Abstract Information about historical earthquakes in the Iberian Peninsula going back to Antiquity (Roman times) can be found in different types of documents, such as unpublished contemporary manuscripts preserved in archives, general, and regional histories in Spain and Portugal, published documents and reports on the damage of specific earthquakes, and reports in newspapers and magazines. The 1755 Lisbon earthquake marks an important point for the study of historical earthquakes in the peninsula. The compilation and interpretation of historical data presents many problems, one of which is ho

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Badr Jarah, Nada, Kadhim Mahdi Hashim, and Abbas Hanon Hassin. "Earthquake prediction in Iraq using machine learning techniques." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 1 (2022): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i1.pp322-329.

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This study deals with addressing the scientific achievements and the history of earthquake prediction in Iraq, in addition to attempting to discuss the possibility of machine learning to predict earthquakes from a theoretical perspective. The idea of predicting earthquakes gives at least a little time to protect people and reduce earthquake damage. In Iraq, we notice an increase in the occurrence of earthquakes, especially in the southern regions, where they form a strange phenomenon because they are plain areas and far from the seismic fault line, due to the errors that accompany excessive oi

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Jarah, Nada Badr, Kadhim Mahdi Hashim, and Abbas Hanon Hassin Alasadi. "Earthquake prediction in Iraq using machine learning techniques." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 1 (2023): 322–29. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i1.pp322-329.

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This study deals with addressing the scientific achievements and the history of earthquake prediction in Iraq, in addition to attempting to discuss the possibility of machine learning to predict earthquakes from a theoretical perspective. The idea of predicting earthquakes gives at least a little time to protect people and reduce earthquake damage. In Iraq, we notice an increase in the occurrence of earthquakes, especially in the southern regions, where they form a strange phenomenon because they are plain areas and far from the seismic fault line, due to the errors that accompany excessive oi

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Baranello, Sofia, Romano Camassi, and Viviana Castelli. "Behind the Italian catalogues: overlooked but far from negligible earthquakes." Annals of Geophysics 67, no. 2 (2024): SE215. http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-9096.

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The Italian parametric earthquake catalogue is the result of several decades of historical seismological research, based in its turn on a centuries-long tradition of descriptive earthquake compilations. Thanks to historical seismological research undertaken since the mid-1980s, knowledge of the major historical earthquakes in Italy has hugely improved. These studies, however, focused mainly on earthquakes already recorded in Mario Baratta’s extensive compilation I terremoti d’Italia (a summary of earlier descriptive earthquake studies, published in 1901), rather than on the identification of e

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SRIVASTAVA, HN, and K. RAMACHANDRAN. "New catalogue of earthquakes for Peninsular India during 1839-1900." MAUSAM 36, no. 3 (2022): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v36i3.1982.

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Based upon the recommendations of the UNESCO experts after the Koyna earthquake of December 1967 a new catalogue of earthquakes for Peninsular India has been prepared for the period 1839-1900. The data has been extracted from the microfilms of Times of India, Statesman and Hindu for the period commencing with theft publication (1839) to installatio!1of seismological instruments in the country (1900). It is interesting to note that the region where significant earthquakes have occurred, tremors of felt intensity have been reported several years preceding the main events. Also through this

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White, Randall A., and David H. Harlow. "Destructive upper-crustal earthquakes of Central America since 1900." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 83, no. 4 (1993): 1115–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0830041115.

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Abstract We have compiled a catalog of 51 destructive upper-crustal earthquakes in Central America since 1900. An event is included if it caused casualties or heavy damage of Modified Mercalli (MM) intensity ≧ VII. All events larger than magnitude Ms 5.7 are found to be destructive. We believe the catalog is complete for events of Ms ≧ 6 along the volcanic front. The catalog includes estimates of epicentral coordinates, depth, magnitude, and casualties for all events and presents MM intensity VII contours for most events. Data in this catalog place severe constraints on the spatial, temporal,

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Albini, Paola, Roger M. W. Musson, Andrea Rovida, Mario Locati, Antonio A. Gomez Capera, and Daniele Viganò. "The Global Earthquake History." Earthquake Spectra 30, no. 2 (2014): 607–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/122013eqs297.

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The study of earthquakes from historical sources, or historical seismology, was considered an early priority for the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) project, which commissioned a study of historical seismicity on a global scale. This was the Global Earthquake History (GEH) project, led jointly by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV; Milan, Italy) and the British Geological Survey (BGS; UK). GEH was structured around three complementary deliverables: archive, catalog, and the Web infrastructure designed to store both the archive and catalog. The Global Historical Earthquake A

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Triantafyllou, Ioanna, and Gerassimos A. Papadopoulos. "Earthquakes in the Ionian Sea, Greece, Documented from Little-Known Historical Sources: AD 1513–1900." Geosciences 13, no. 9 (2023): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13090285.

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The seismicity in the Ionian Sea region is very high. In the historical period, many earthquakes have been reported mainly since the 16th century. In this research, we investigated the historical seismicity in the Ionian Sea, emphasizing earthquakes that have been damaging or strongly felt on Zakynthos (Zante) island. A variety of information sources, which have not been utilized so far and covering the time period from AD 1513 to 1900, were collected and examined. The sources utilized included archives, short chronicles, marginal notes, diaries and official scientific bulletins. This research

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Downes, G. L. "The 1904 Ms6.8 Mw7.0-7.2 Cape Turnagain, New Zealand, earthquake." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 39, no. 4 (2006): 183–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.39.4.183-207.

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The 1904 August 09 NZT (August 08 UT) MS6.8 earthquake caused widespread structural and chimney damage from Napier to Wellington and was felt over a large part of New Zealand. Other than a brief paper in 1905, and determinations of its surface wave magnitude in the last 20 years, little has been done to better locate the earthquake or detail its effects. Comprehensive data have now been obtained from searches of historical documents, including newspapers, private and government papers, as well as instrumental records. Interpretation of the intensity data shows that the earthquake was pro

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Sandeep, Sharma. "Preliminary Assessment of the Seismic Hazard for the District of Pathankot (Punjab), India." Annals of Earth, Environment, and Infrastructure Engineering 1, no. 1 (2022): 33–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7284723.

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A preliminary assessment of earthquake hazards for the district of Pathankot (Punjab) has been carried out. The study area has already experienced strong ground motions of intensity VII in the past during the 1905 Kangra earthquake. The epicenter of the 1905 Kangra earthquake was only 60 km away from the study area. Hence, the proximity of the study area to the northwestern Himalayas makes it susceptible to damage due to large earthquakes in the future. Therefore, deterministic seismic hazard analysis (DSHA) has been carried out for the district. For this purpose, earthquake data has been coll

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Gahalaut, V. K., and R. Chander. "Geotectonic and Seisnlic Risk Implications of Ground Level Changes in the Dehradun Region during the 1905-28 Period." Journal Geological Society of India 46, no. 3 (1995): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/1995/460310.

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Abstract We interpret here the ground elevation changes along the Saharanpur - Dehradun - Mussoorie line as brought out through the levelling surveys of 1905-07 and 1926-28. These data can be simulated with a model of slips, varying in amount between 3 ± 3 and 16 ± 8 cm, on the same subsurface detachment on which the great Kangra earthquake of 1905 may have occurred as argued elsewhere in the literature. Since ground elevation changes occurred in the Dehradun region during the Kangra earthquake also, we suggest that slips related to plate tectonics on the detachment lead to ground elevation ch

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Voss, Peter, Stine Kildegaard Poulsen, Sebastian Bjerregaard Simonsen, and Søren Gregersen. "Seismic hazard assessment of Greenland." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 13 (October 12, 2007): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v13.4976.

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Earthquake activity in Greenland has been registered and mapped since 1907 (Larsen et al. 2006) and thus a long (albeit relatively sparse) record of seismic activity is available for evaluation of seismic hazard and risk. Seismic hazard assessment is carried out by judging the probability of future earthquakes in a given region and is based on statistic treatment of earthquake data. The determination of the seismic hazard is the first step in an evaluation of seismic risk, i.e. the possible economic costs and loss of human life after an earthquake. The motivation for this seismic hazard study

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Al-Heety, Emad A., Huda F. Rafea, and Osama J. Mohammad. "Evaluation of Return Period and Occurrence Probability of the Maximum Magnitude Earthquakes in Iraq and Surroundings." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1300, no. 1 (2024): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1300/1/012001.

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Abstract It has long been clear that earthquake prediction is important from both social and economic perspectives; therefore, the practical objective of today’s earthquake seismology researchers is an effective earthquake prediction program. The purpose of this study is to estimate earthquake probabilities and return periods using an updated earthquake catalogue (1900-2019) for Iraq and its surroundings. Weibull’s formula and inverse Weibull’s formula were employed to calculate the period of return and the occurrence probability of the maximum magnitude earthquake. The return period for earth

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Lin, Guoliang, and Jian Wang. "Estimation of the Parameters of Historical Earthquakes with a New Attenuation Equation in Yunnan Province, China." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 5 (2020): 2651–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200070.

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Abstract Yunnan Province is in southwest China, where the seismicity has been active since ancient times. Generally, the uncertainty of historical earthquake parameters is larger. To amend the parameters of historical earthquakes, we have developed a new intensity attenuation equation. From 2000 to 2018, there were 25 instrumentally recorded earthquakes with Ms 5.0–6.6 in Yunnan. The parameters of those earthquake events, including their epicentral locations and magnitudes, are determined with high accuracy. Meanwhile, total intensity values of 1345 intensity data points have been carefully as

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Wyss, Max. "Return Times of Large Earthquakes Cannot Be Estimated Correctly from Seismicity Rates: 1906 San Francisco and 1717 Alpine Fault Ruptures." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 4 (2020): 2163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200008.

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Abstract The unproven assumption that the Gutenberg–Richter (GR) relationship can be extrapolated to estimate the return time, Tr (1/probability of occurrence), of major and large earthquakes has been shown to be incorrect along 196 faults, so far. Here, two more examples of great, well-known faults that do not produce enough earthquakes to fulfill the hypothesis are analyzed. The 300 km section of the San Andreas fault, California, United States, that ruptured in 1906 in the M 8 San Francisco earthquake, produced 200 earthquakes with M≥2 in the last 52 yr, when about 250,000 such events are e

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Chen, L., J. G. Chen, and Q. H. Xu. "Correlations between solid tides and worldwide earthquakes <i>M</i><sub>S</sub> ≥ 7.0 since 1900." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 3 (2012): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-587-2012.

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Abstract. Most studies on the correlations between earthquakes and solid tides mainly concluded the syzygies (i.e. new or full moons) of each lunar cycle have more earthquakes than other days in the month. We show a correlation between the aftershock sequence of the ML = 6.3 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquake and the diurnal solid tide. Ms ≥ 7 earthquakes worldwide since 1900 are more likely to occur during the 0°, 90°, 180° or 270° phases (i.e. earthquake-prone phases) of the semidiurnal solid earth tidal curve (M2). Thus, the semidiurnal solid tides triggers earthquakes. However, the long

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Agnew, Duncan Carr. "Celebrity Earthquakes." Seismological Research Letters 92, no. 1 (2020): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200329.

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Abstract I discuss how much attention different earthquakes get in the scientific and nonscientific literature. For the former, all earthquakes above magnitude 7.5 appear in a scientific article, and the number of articles tends to increase with magnitude. For the latter, most shocks, even if damaging, become largely forgotten in a few decades, though some, such as the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, live on in popular memory.

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