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Journal articles on the topic 'Earthquakes – Africa, East'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Langer, C. J., M. G. Bonilla, and G. A. Bollinger. "Aftershocks and surface faulting associated with the intraplate Guinea, West Africa, earthquake of 22 December 1983." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 77, no. 5 (1987): 1579–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0770051579.

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Abstract This study reports on the results of geological and seismological field studies conducted following the rare occurrence of a moderate-sized West African earthquake (mb = 6.4) with associated ground breakage. The epicentral area of the northwestern Guinea earthquake of 22 December 1983 is a coastal margin, intraplate locale with a very low level of historical seismicity. The principal results include the observation that seismic faulting occurred on a preexisting fault system and that there is good agreement among the surface faulting, the spatial distribution of the aftershock hypocen

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2

Midzi, V., T. Pule, B. Manzunzu, T. Mulabisana, B. S. Zulu, and S. Myendeki. "Improved earthquake location in the gold mining regions of South Africa using new velocity models." South African Journal of Geology 123, no. 1 (2020): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.123.0008.

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Abstract Reliable local earthquake locations depend on many factors of which a major one is the velocity model. Currently the Council for Geoscience (CGS) has been using the global IASP91 velocity model for earthquake locations in the cluster networks. To continue improving the earthquake locations it is necessary that new velocity models are determined for each cluster region (Central and East Rand - CERAND, the Klerksdorp – Orkney – Stilfontein – Hartebeesfontein – KOSH and the Far West and West Rand - WRAND). The availability of good quality data recorded by the cluster networks since their

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3

Khan, A. A., A. Kumar, and P. Lal. "SPATIO-TEMPORAL EVALUATION OF LONG-TERM EARTHQUAKE EVENTS AND ITS CONTRIBUTION IN GENESIS OF <i>TSUNAMI</i> IN THE INDIAN OCEAN." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-5/W2 (December 5, 2019): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-5-w2-43-2019.

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Abstract. A very high magnitude earthquake (9.1 MW) triggered a devastating Tsunami in the Indian Ocean on 26th December 2004. The epicentre was located at 3.3° N, 95.8° E with a focal depth of ~30 km. The impacts of Tsunami were felt as far away in Somalia, Tanzania and Kenya along the east coast of Africa. Considering the role of earthquake, in the present study the spatio-temporal analysis of long term (1901 to 2019) earthquake events was performed, which recorded by USGS to understand the genesis of Tsunami (2004) in the Indian Ocean. The study exhibited that the maximum frequency of earth

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Shudofsky, Gordon N., Sierd Cloetingh, Seth Stein, and Rinus Wortel. "Unusually deep earthquakes in East Africa: Constraints on the thermo-mechanical structure of a continental rift system." Geophysical Research Letters 14, no. 7 (1987): 741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl014i007p00741.

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5

Albaric, Julie, Jacques Déverchère, Julie Perrot, Andrey Jakovlev, and Anne Deschamps. "Deep crustal earthquakes in North Tanzania, East Africa: Interplay between tectonic and magmatic processes in an incipient rift." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 15, no. 2 (2014): 374–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013gc005027.

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6

Kopeć, Anna. "Reduction of atmospheric disturbances in PSInSAR measure technique based on ENVISAT ASAR data for Erta Ale Ridge." E3S Web of Conferences 29 (2018): 00022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20182900022.

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The interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is becoming more and more popular to investigate surface deformation, associated with volcanism, earthquakes, landslides, and post-mining surface subsidence. The measuring accuracy depends on many factors: surface, time and geometric decorrelation, orbit errors, however the largest challenges are the tropospheric delays. The spatial and temporal variations in temperature, pressure, and relative humidity are responsible for tropospheric delays. So far, many methods have been developed, but researchers are still searching for the one, that wil

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7

Maxfield, Louise. "Commemorating EMDR’s 25th Anniversary byHighlighting EMDR Humanitarian Projects." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 8, no. 4 (2014): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.8.4.179.

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This editorial introduces the special issue of the Journal of EMDR Practice and Research that commemorates the 25th anniversary of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy by highlighting EMDR humanitarian programs around the world—in North America, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. EMDR therapy is a valuable and appropriate intervention in humanitarian crises, given its effectiveness as a brief individual treatment, consecutive-day application, and group therapy. There are many compelling clinical vignettes in this issue, including so

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8

Shinoda, Sumio. "Special Issue on Infectious Disease Control of Natural Disasters." Journal of Disaster Research 7, no. 6 (2012): 739–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2012.p0739.

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Large natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis and typhoons often produce many refugees, forcing them to live inconvenient and unsanitary lives in temporary places of refuge. Even if they can remain in their homes, hygienic conditions may be worsened by interrupted electricity, water, fuel and other lifelines. Winter disasters bring more concerns, such as influenza and cold weather, while those in summer raise problems of diarrhea-related disease. Two of Japan’s largest recent earthquakes, the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, did not cause la

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Chang, Ilhan, Minkyung Jeon, and Gye-Chun Cho. "Application of Microbial Biopolymers as an Alternative Construction Binder for Earth Buildings in Underdeveloped Countries." International Journal of Polymer Science 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/326745.

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Earth buildings are still a common type of residence for one-third of the world’s population. However, these buildings are not durable or resistant against earthquakes and floods, and this amplifies their potential harm to humans. Earthen construction without soil binders (e.g., cement) is known to result in poor strength and durability performance of earth buildings. Failure to use construction binders is related to the imbalance in binder prices in different countries. In particular, the price of cement in Africa, Middle East, and Southwest Asia countries is extremely high relative to the gl

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10

Jackson, James. "Fatal attraction: living with earthquakes, the growth of villages into megacities, and earthquake vulnerability in the modern world." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1845 (2006): 1911–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1805.

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The great earthquake belt which stretches from the Mediterranean through the Middle East into Central Asia results from the ongoing collision between the Eurasian plate and the African, Arabian and Indian plates to the south. Through much of this belt, the topography is created and controlled by fault movement in earthquakes. Many habitations are located at the foot of the fault-controlled mountain range-fronts that bound inhospitable deserts or elevated plateaus, in positions that are favourable for trade-routes, strategic control of access or for water supply. As a result, they are vulnerabl

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11

van den Hengel, Gilian, and Philip Hans Franses. "Forecasting Social Conflicts in Africa Using an Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence Model." Forecasting 2, no. 3 (2020): 284–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forecast2030016.

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We propose to view social conflicts in Africa as having similarities with earthquake occurrences and hence to consider the spatial-temporal Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model. The parameters of this highly parameterized model are estimated through simulated annealing. We consider data for 2012 to 2016 to calibrate the model for four African regions separately, and we consider the data for 2017 to evaluate the forecasts. These forecasts concern the amount of future large events as well as their locations. Examples of our findings are that the model predicts a cluster of large events

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12

Williams, Jack N., Hassan Mdala, Åke Fagereng, et al. "A systems-based approach to parameterise seismic hazard in regions with little historical or instrumental seismicity: active fault and seismogenic source databases for southern Malawi." Solid Earth 12, no. 1 (2021): 187–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-12-187-2021.

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Abstract. Seismic hazard is commonly characterised using instrumental seismic records. However, these records are short relative to earthquake repeat times, and extrapolating to estimate seismic hazard can misrepresent the probable location, magnitude, and frequency of future large earthquakes. Although paleoseismology can address this challenge, this approach requires certain geomorphic setting, is resource intensive, and can carry large inherent uncertainties. Here, we outline how fault slip rates and recurrence intervals can be estimated by combining fault geometry, earthquake-scaling relat

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13

Seno, Tetsuzo, and Akira Saito. "Recent East African earthquakes in the lower crust." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 121, no. 1-2 (1994): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(94)90036-1.

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14

Lindenfeld, Michael, and Georg Rümpker. "Detection of mantle earthquakes beneath the East African Rift." Geophysical Journal International 186, no. 1 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.05048.x.

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15

Ambraseys, N. N. "The Rukwa earthquake of 13 December 1910 in East Africa." Terra Nova 3, no. 2 (1991): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1991.tb00873.x.

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16

Hodge, Michael, Juliet Biggs, Åke Fagereng, Austin Elliott, Hassan Mdala, and Felix Mphepo. "A semi-automated algorithm to quantify scarp morphology (SPARTA): application to normal faults in southern Malawi." Solid Earth 10, no. 1 (2019): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-10-27-2019.

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Abstract. Along-strike variation in scarp morphology reflects differences in a fault's geomorphic and structural development and can thus indicate fault rupture history and mechanical segmentation. Parameters that define scarp morphology (height, width, slope) are typically measured or calculated manually. The time-consuming manual approach reduces the density and objectivity of measurements and can lead to oversight of small-scale morphological variations that occur at a resolution impractical to capture. Furthermore, inconsistencies in the manual approach may also lead to unknown discrepanci

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17

Nusbaum, Robert L., Ronald W. Girdler, James R. Heirtzler, et al. "The distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes along the East African Rift system." Episodes 16, no. 4 (1993): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/1993/v16i4/002.

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18

Nyblade, Andrew A., and Charles A. Langston. "East African earthquakes below 20 km depth and their implications for crustal structure." Geophysical Journal International 121, no. 1 (1995): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1995.tb03510.x.

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19

Hill, Geoff. "THE ROLE OF THE PRE-RIFT STRUCTURE IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE DAMPIER BASIN AREA, NORTH WEST SHELF, AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 34, no. 1 (1994): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj93046.

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The Dampier Sub-basin shows many faults oblique to the basin axis. Previous explanations for this range from syn-rift transfer systems through to deep seated wrenching.Multiple rift episodes, with differing stress directions, occur in the area's history, each utilising the pre-existing fault patterns. As basement is difficult to interpret beneath thick sedimentary cover, the initial architecture is interpreted from the tectonic setting.The sub-basin lies adjacent to the Archean Pilbara Craton, a stable crustal block surrounded by ancient mobile belts. The East Africa rift system has also forme

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20

Wagner, G. S., and C. A. Langston. "East African earthquake body wave inversion with implications for continental structure and deformation." Geophysical Journal International 94, no. 3 (1988): 503–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1988.tb02271.x.

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21

Calais, E., C. Ebinger, C. Hartnady, and J. M. Nocquet. "Kinematics of the East African Rift from GPS and earthquake slip vector data." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 259, no. 1 (2006): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2006.259.01.03.

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22

Mulwa, Josphat K. "Earthquakes Occurrence on the East African Coast and Their Implication on Stress Drop along the Davie Ridge of the East African Rift System (EARS)." Universal Journal of Geoscience 8, no. 2 (2020): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujg.2020.080201.

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23

Maselli, Vittorio, Davide Oppo, Andrew L. Moore, et al. "A 1000-yr-old tsunami in the Indian Ocean points to greater risk for East Africa." Geology 48, no. 8 (2020): 808–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47257.1.

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Abstract The December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman tsunami prompted an unprecedented research effort to find ancient precursors and quantify the recurrence time of such a deadly natural disaster. This effort, however, has focused primarily along the northern and eastern Indian Ocean coastlines, in proximal areas hardest hit by the tsunami. No studies have been made to quantify the recurrence of tsunamis along the coastlines of the western Indian Ocean, leading to an underestimation of the tsunami risk in East Africa. Here, we document a 1000-yr-old sand layer hosting archaeological remains of an ancie

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24

Lindenfeld, M., G. Rümpker, A. Batte, and A. Schumann. "Seismicity at the Rwenzori Mountains, East African Rift: earthquake distribution, magnitudes and source mechanisms." Solid Earth Discussions 4, no. 1 (2012): 565–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-4-565-2012.

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Abstract. We have analysed the microseismic activity within the Rwenzori Mountains area in the western branch of the East African Rift. Seismogram recordings from a temporary array of up to 27 stations reveal approximately 800 events per month with local magnitudes ranging from –0.5 to 5.1. The earthquake distribution is highly heterogeneous. The majority of located events lie within faults zones to the East and West of the Rwenzoris with the highest seismic activity observed in the northeastern area, where the mountains are in contact with the rift shoulders. The hypocentral depth distributio

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25

Novelli, Viviana Iris, Raffaele De Risi, Ignasio Ngoma, et al. "Fragility curves for non-engineered masonry buildings in developing countries derived from real data based on structural surveys and laboratory tests." Soft Computing 25, no. 8 (2021): 6113–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-05603-w.

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AbstractMalawi is located within the southern branch of the active East African Rift System, where earthquakes of moment magnitude (Mw) 7.0 or greater can occur along major faults. The majority of dwellings in the country are non-engineered unreinforced masonry constructions, built by local artisans with little input from engineers. These constructions are highly vulnerable to seismic events due to poor-quality materials and lack of construction detailing. This study presents a new methodology to assess the seismic fragility curves of typical dwellings located in the Central and Southern Malaw

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26

Daskalaki, E., and G. A. Papadopoulos. "The 26th December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami: the intensity field." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 3 (2018): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16826.

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The Mw=9.3 Sumatra earthquake of 26.12.2004 triggered one of the most devastating tsunamis. A great number of coastal sites were affected around the Indian Ocean from near-field up to distances of more than 6000 km. We compiled field data taken by many research groups, including the present one, from around the Indian Ocean and classified them according to their geographical distribution. In every observation point, the various effects of the tsunami have been transformed to tsunami intensities. The 12-point intensity scale was applied. Maximum intensities ranging between 10 and 12 have been a

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27

Lauterjung, J., U. Münch, and A. Rudloff. "The challenge of installing a tsunami early warning system in the vicinity of the Sunda Arc, Indonesia." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 4 (2010): 641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-641-2010.

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Abstract. Indonesia is located along the most prominent active continental margin in the Indian Ocean, the so-called Sunda Arc and, therefore, is one of the most threatened regions of the world in terms of natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis. On 26 December 2004 the third largest earthquake ever instrumentally recorded (magnitude 9.3, Stein and Okal, 2005) occurred off-shore northern Sumatra and triggered a mega-tsunami affecting the whole Indian Ocean. Almost a quarter of a million people were killed, as the region was not prepared either in terms of early-warning or

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28

Lindenfeld, Michael, Georg Rümpker, Klemens Link, Daniel Koehn, and Arthur Batte. "Fluid-triggered earthquake swarms in the Rwenzori region, East African Rift—Evidence for rift initiation." Tectonophysics 566-567 (September 2012): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.07.010.

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29

Jackson, James, and Tom Blenkinsop. "THE Malaŵi Earthquake of March 10, 1989: DEep faulting within the East African Rift System." Tectonics 12, no. 5 (1993): 1131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93tc01064.

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30

Gaherty, J. B., W. Zheng, D. J. Shillington, et al. "Faulting processes during early-stage rifting: seismic and geodetic analysis of the 2009–2010 Northern Malawi earthquake sequence." Geophysical Journal International 217, no. 3 (2019): 1767–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz119.

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SUMMARY In December, 2009, a rare sequence of earthquakes initiated within the weakly extended Western Rift of the East African Rift system in the Karonga province of northern Malawi, providing a unique opportunity to characterize active deformation associated with intrabasinal faults in an early-stage rift. We combine teleseismic and regional seismic recordings of the largest events, InSAR imagery of the primary sequence, and recordings of aftershocks from a temporary (4-month) local network of six seismometers to delineate the extent and geometry of faulting. The locations of ∼1900 aftershoc

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31

LEMENKOVA, POLINA. "Seismicity in Yemen and the Gulf of Aden in a geological context." Risks and Catastrophes Journal 28, no. 1 (2021): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/rcj2021_2.

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The study presents geologic investigation of Yemen and the Gulf of Aden with a special focus on geophysical, seismic, tectonic and topographic mapping performed by the integrated approach of QGIS and GMT scripting. Cartographic visualization is crucial in geologic analysis, data processing and prognosis of mineral resource prospects. The region of Yemen and Gulf of Aden was formed as a result of Arabian and African plates movements and still tectonically active. Besides, the Gulf of Aden contains mineral resources of hydrocarbons which makes this region actual for investigation. The IRIS datab

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32

Kumaki, Yohta, and Sumiko Kubo. "Geomorphological maps as the basis of hazard mapping in Japan." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-197-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Japanese Islands are situated along the tectonically very active zone. Earthquakes occur frequently, and there are many active volcanoes. Climatically Japan is located in the east Asian monsoon zone and has high annual precipitation. Tropical cyclones (typhoons) or baiu (early summer rain season) sometimes lead to torrential rainfall. Such natural conditions have created broad high mountain areas and rivers of strong erosional process. Mountain slopes are geologically open to collapse, and debris flows often occur in streams in mountainous areas.

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33

Albaric, Julie, Jacques Déverchère, Carole Petit, Julie Perrot, and Bernard Le Gall. "Crustal rheology and depth distribution of earthquakes: Insights from the central and southern East African Rift System." Tectonophysics 468, no. 1-4 (2009): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2008.05.021.

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34

Shudofsky, G. N. "Source mechanisms and focal depths of East African earthquakes using Rayleigh-wave inversion and body-wave modelling." Geophysical Journal International 83, no. 3 (1985): 563–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1985.tb04328.x.

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35

Hilbert-Wolf, Hannah Louise, and Eric M. Roberts. "Giant Seismites and Megablock Uplift in the East African Rift: Evidence for Late Pleistocene Large Magnitude Earthquakes." PLOS ONE 10, no. 6 (2015): e0129051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129051.

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36

Girdler, R. W., and D. A. McConnell. "The 1990 to 1991 Sudan Earthquake Sequence and the Extent of the East African Rift System." Science 264, no. 5155 (1994): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.264.5155.67.

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37

Albaric, J., J. Perrot, J. Déverchère, et al. "Contrasted seismogenic and rheological behaviours from shallow and deep earthquake sequences in the North Tanzanian Divergence, East Africa." Journal of African Earth Sciences 58, no. 5 (2010): 799–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2009.09.005.

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38

Schlupp, Antoine, Georges Clauzon, and Jean-Philippe Avouac. "Mouvement post-messinien sur la faille de Nimes; implications pour la sismotectonique de la Provence." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 172, no. 6 (2001): 697–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/172.6.697.

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Abstract The seismicity of southern France probably results from the convergence between Africa and Europe which proceeds at a rate of approximately 0,8 cm/year at the Provence longitude [Nuvell-DeMets et al., 1990]. The potentially active faults delimit a large panel in the Mesozoic cover. It includes E-W compressive structures (Mont-Ventoux, Montagne de Lure to the north, Luberon, Costes et Trevaresse to the south) and NE left-lateral strike slip (Durance to the east and Nimes, to the west, and possibly the Cevennes Fault) [e.g., Grellet et al., 1993; Sebrier et al., 1997; Lacassin et al., 1

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39

Friederich, W., A. Brüstle, L. Küperkoch, and T. Meier. "Focal mechanisms in the Southern Aegean from temporary seismic networks – implications for the regional stress field and ongoing deformation processes." Solid Earth Discussions 5, no. 2 (2013): 1721–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-5-1721-2013.

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Abstract. The lateral variation of the stress field in the southern Aegean plate and the subducting Hellenic slab is determined from recordings of seismicity obtained with the CYCNET and EGELADOS networks in the years from 2002 to 2007. First motions from 7000 well-located earthquakes were analysed to produce 540 well-constrained focal mechanisms. They were complemented by another 140 derived by waveform matching of records from larger events. Most of these earthquakes fall into 16 distinct spatial clusters distributed over the southern Aegean region. For each cluster, a stress inversion could

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ΠΑΠΑΖΑΧΟΣ, Β. Κ. "Active Tectonics in the Aegean and surrounding area." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 6 (2002): 2237. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16865.

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The purpose of the present article is to summarize the current scientific knowledge related to the active tectonics of the Aegean and surrounding area (active deformation, lithospheric plate-motions, etc.), as well as describe the main information (data, methods, etc.) which were used to obtain this knowledge. It is pointed out that the understanding of active tectonics has not only theoretical but also practical interest, as it contributes to the solution of problems of direct social impact such as the problem of earthquake prediction. It is shown that most of our present knowledge relies on

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41

Asfaw, L. M. "Implication of shear deformation and earthquake distribution in the East African Rift between 4°N and 6°N." Journal of African Earth Sciences (and the Middle East) 10, no. 4 (1990): 745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(90)90041-c.

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42

Hellebrekers, Nina, André R. Niemeijer, Åke Fagereng, Blackwell Manda, and Richard L. S. Mvula. "Lower crustal earthquakes in the East African Rift System: Insights from frictional properties of rock samples from the Malawi rift." Tectonophysics 767 (September 2019): 228167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2019.228167.

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43

Lindenfeld, M., G. Rümpker, A. Batte, and A. Schumann. "Seismicity from February 2006 to September 2007 at the Rwenzori Mountains, East African Rift: earthquake distribution, magnitudes and source mechanisms." Solid Earth 3, no. 2 (2012): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-3-251-2012.

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Abstract. We have analysed the microseismic activity within the Rwenzori Mountains area in the western branch of the East African Rift. Seismogram recordings from a temporary array of up to 27 stations reveal approximately 800 events per month with local magnitudes ranging from –0.5 to 5.1. The earthquake distribution is highly heterogeneous. The majority of located events lie within faults zones to the east and west of the Rwenzoris with the highest seismic activity observed in the northeastern area, where the mountains are in contact with the rift shoulders. The hypocentral depth distributio

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44

Mulwa, Josphat K., and Fumiaki Kimata. "Tectonic structures across the East African Rift based on the source parameters of the 20 May 1990 M7.2 Sudan earthquake." Natural Hazards 73, no. 2 (2014): 493–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1082-y.

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45

O'Donnell, J. P., K. Selway, A. A. Nyblade, R. A. Brazier, N. El Tahir, and R. J. Durrheim. "Thick lithosphere, deep crustal earthquakes and no melt: a triple challenge to understanding extension in the western branch of the East African Rift." Geophysical Journal International 204, no. 2 (2015): 985–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv492.

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46

Stokke, Kristian, Olle Törnquist, and Gyda Marås Sindre. "Conflict Resolution and Democratisation in the Aftermath of the 2004 Tsunami: A Comparative Study of Aceh and Sri Lanka." PCD Journal 1, no. 1-2 (2017): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/pcd.25670.

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The earthquake off the west coast of Sumatra on 26 December 2004 unleashed a tsunami in the Indian Ocean that affected more than a dozen countries throughout South and Southeast Asia and stretched as far as the northeastern coast of Africa. The two worst affected areas - North-East Sri Lanka and the Aceh region in Indonesia - have both been marked by protracted intra-state armed conflicts. In the immediate aftermath of the tsunami, international journalists and humanitarian actors argued that the disaster could actually constitute and opportunity for conflict resolution, as the scale and urgen

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Souriau, Annie, and J. H. Woodhouse. "A strategy for deploying a seismological network for global studies of Earth structure." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 75, no. 4 (1985): 1179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0750041179.

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Abstract Because of the nonuniform distribution of earthquake epicenters, a uniform distribution of seismological stations is not necessarily optimal for sampling the Earth in order to determine global Earth structure. Taking into account the already existing digital long-period seismological stations (GDSN, IDA, and GEOSCOPE), we propose a strategy for the siting of additional stations. Here, we shall develop a criterion designed to optimize global resolution of upper mantle structre using mantle wave observations; other kinds of seismological studies will lead to different criteria, which sh

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Baer, G., Y. Hamiel, G. Shamir, and R. Nof. "Evolution of a magma-driven earthquake swarm and triggering of the nearby Oldoinyo Lengai eruption, as resolved by InSAR, ground observations and elastic modeling, East African Rift, 2007." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 272, no. 1-2 (2008): 339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.04.052.

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Rindraharisaona, E. J., F. Tilmann, X. Yuan, et al. "Velocity structure and radial anisotropy of the lithosphere in southern Madagascar from surface wave dispersion." Geophysical Journal International 224, no. 3 (2020): 1930–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa550.

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SUMMARY We investigate the upper mantle seismic structure beneath southern Madagascar and infer the imprint of geodynamic events since Madagascar’s break-up from Africa and India and earlier rifting episodes. Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocities along a profile across southern Madagascar were determined by application of the two-station method to teleseismic earthquake data. For shorter periods (&lt;20 s), these data were supplemented by previously published dispersion curves determined from ambient noise correlation. First, tomographic models of the phase velocities were determined. In

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Keasley, James, Oyinlola Oyebode, Saran Shantikumar, et al. "A systematic review of the burden of hypertension, access to services and patient views of hypertension in humanitarian crisis settings." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 11 (2020): e002440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002440.

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IntroductionGlobally, a record number of people are affected by humanitarian crises caused by conflict and natural disasters. Many such populations live in settings where epidemiological transition is underway. Following the United Nations high level meeting on non-communicable diseases, the global commitment to Universal Health Coverage and needs expressed by humanitarian agencies, there is increasing effort to develop guidelines for the management of hypertension in humanitarian settings. The objective was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of hypertension in populations directly af

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