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Journal articles on the topic 'Earthworms Soil pollution'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Brantschen, Jeanine, Sebastian Gygax, Adrien Mestrot, and Aline Frossard. "Soil Hg Contamination Impact on Earthworms’ Gut Microbiome." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 2565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072565.

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Mercury (Hg) is one of the most toxic heavy metals and is known for its persistence in the environment and potential to accumulate along the food chain. In many terrestrial polluted sites, earthworms are in direct contact with Hg contamination by ingesting large quantities of soil. However, little is known about the impact of Hg soil pollution on earthworms’ gut microbiome. In this study, two incubation experiments involving earthworms in soils from a long-term Hg-polluted site were conducted to assess: (1) the effect of soil Hg contamination on the diversity and structure of microbial communities in earthworm, cast and soil samples; and (2) how the gut microbiome of different digestive track parts of the earthworm responds to soil Hg contamination. The large accumulation of total Hg and methyl-Hg within the earthworm tissues clearly impacted the bacterial and fungal gut community structures, drastically decreasing the relative abundance of the dominating gut bacterial class Mollicutes. Hg-tolerant taxa were found to be taxonomically widespread but consistent along the different parts of the earthworm digestive tract. This study revealed that although Hg might not directly affect the health of macro-organisms in the food-web such as earthworms, their metabolism and legacy in the soil might be impacted through changes in their gut microbiome.

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2

Dabke, Suneet V. "Vermi-remediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil." Journal of Health and Pollution 3, no. 4 (January 1, 2013): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-3.4.4.

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Background. Rapid development in India has lead to pollution around industrial facilities. Earthworms are tolerant of many contaminants, and some are reported to remove heavy metals and pesticides from soil via tissue accumulation. Earthworm activity also increases levels of beneficial microbes. Objectives. Test vermi-remediation as a low-cost, on-site method of remediating heavy metal soil contamination. Methods. Soil was assessed for heavy metal contamination. Existing worm population was estimated via sampling, then the soil supplemented with beneficial bacteria, compost and a proprietary earthworm growth accelerator. Site was seeded with grass and maize, and Eisenia fetida worms introduced. Earthworm population was studied and soil contamination and accumulation in maize roots analyzed at the end of the project. Discussion. Worms were expected to remove heavy metals via bio-accumulation and also stimulate microbial remediation by increasing soil micro-organisms. Conclusions. The study showed positive results, with a reduction in chromium and survival of introduced earthworms, which reproduced after soil treatment, indicating improved conditions. Chromium concentrations were reduced to as low as 4.54mg/kg from a high of 194.17 mg/kg. There was variation in iron content and a controlled reduction in cadmium and lead. Due to limited funding, further study of the soil's final nutrient balance and earthworm analysis was not possible. Further study is necessary.

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3

Kula, E., and P. Švarc. "Earthworms (Lumbricidae) from a surface layer and wireworms (Elateridae) of forest stands in the anthropogenically-disturbed area of the Děčínská vrchovina Upland (Czech Republic)." Beskydy 5, no. 1 (2012): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/beskyd201205010043.

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In the area negatively affected by air pollution in the past, the earthworm assemblages and the occurrence of wireworms (Elateridae) in forest ecosystems were evaluated in relation to site conditions. From soil samples taken in 38 stands (Fagus, Betula, Alnus, Quercus, Pinus, Larix, Abies) earthworms and wireworms were extracted by means of Tullgren funnels. Eudominant species (Dendrobaena vejdovskyi, D. octaedra, D. illyrica) are typical representatives of forest ecosystems of the Ore Mountains. Relationships were proved to a tree species creating a forest stand and the pH of Ah horizon. The area is characterized by the generally low diversity of earthworms particularly in young stands of beech and Norway spruce. Faunistically rich sites occurred only in a mixed stand (birch, mountain ash, larch) and in a blue spruce monoculture. Reduced abundance of earthworms in the organic matter of mounds was surprising. The type/form of soil preparation, forest weed cover and the age of trees did not affect significantly the earthworm assemblages. The abundance of wireworms was increased in pine and larch stands and reduced in alder and blue spruce stands. The increasing pH value negatively affected the abundance of wireworms.

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Calisi, A., M. G. Lionetto, E. De Lorenzis, A. Leomanni, and T. Schettino. "Metallothionein Induction in the Coelomic Fluid of the EarthwormLumbricus terrestrisfollowing Heavy Metal Exposure: A Short Report." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/109386.

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Earthworms are useful bioindicator organisms for soil biomonitoring. Recently the use of pollution biomarkers in earthworms has been increasingly investigated for soil monitoring and assessment. Earthworm coelomic fluid is particularly interesting from a toxicological perspective, because it is responsible for pollutant disposition and tissue distribution to the whole organism. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of heavy metal exposure on metallothionein (Mt) induction in the coelomic fluid ofLumbricus terrestrisin view of future use as sensitive biomarker suitable for application to metal polluted soil monitoring and assessment.L. terrestriscoelomic fluid showed a detectable Mt concentration of about4.0±0.6 μg/mL (mean ± SEM,n=10) in basal physiological condition. When the animals were exposed to CuSO4or CdCl2or to a mixture of the two metals in OECD soils for 72 h, the Mt specific concentration significantly (P<0.001) increased. The Mt response in the coelomic fluid perfectly reflected the commonly used Mt response in the whole organism when the two responses were compared on the same specimens. These findings indicate the suitability of Mt determination inL. terrestriscoelomic fluid as a sensitive biomarker for application to metal polluted soil monitoring and assessment.

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Supriatna, Supriatna, Sondang Siahaan, and Indah Restiaty. "Pencemaran Tanah Oleh Pestisida Di Perkebunan Sayur Kelurahan Eka Jaya Kecamatan Jambi Selatan Kota Jambi (Studi Keberadaan Jamur Makroza dan Cacing Tanah)." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 21, no. 1 (February 13, 2021): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v21i1.1348.

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Healthy vegetables can only be from healthy and pollution-free farmland, including pesticide pollution. When a harmful or toxic substance has contaminated the surface of the soil, it can evaporate, be swept away by rainwater and or enter the soil. Pollution that enters the soil is then immersed as toxic chemicals in the soil. Toxic substances in the soil can have a direct impact on humans when touched or can contaminate groundwater thus lowering the function of the soil as a place of growing and developing plants. The purpose of this study is to find out the picture of soil pollution by pesticides and the presence of earthworms and mycoriza fungi in the soil. The use of pesticides that are not in accordance with the rules and formulations cause pollution to vegetables and the environment such as soil and water. By taking soil samples and checking the content of pesticides can be known whether the pesticides used have polluted the soil. The presence of worms and mycoriza will be less and less even none at all on the soil that has been polluted. The results showed that from six soil sampling locations found two locations of carbamate pesticide pollution (33.3%), no mycoriza mushrooms were found at one location (15.6%) and earthworms are found throughout the site (100%). Pollution occurs because vegetable farmers and palawija use pesticides exceeding the recommended dose and occur pengulang in the adjacent time span. Mycoriza mushrooms are found in the form of spores, fungal spores have a stronger survival ability compared to the whole stem of the mycoriza fungus. Earthworms derived from manure used as fertilizer, in addition to its ability to avoid toxic soil mucus presence in his body can protect tabnah cacaing from pesticide exposure.

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Aryonugroho, Alfarizky, and Nina Dwi Lestari. "PENGARUH VERMIKOMPOS ABU TERBANG BATUBARA MENGGUNAKAN CACING TANAH Eisenia fetida TERHADAP KANDUNGAN N, P, K, DAN Pb." Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2021.008.2.7.

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The plan to build a coal-fired steam power plant is expected to increase. One of the wastes generated from coal-fired steam power plants is coal fly ash. The accumulation of coal fly ash can cause environmental pollution such as soil and groundwater pollution in the storage location. Vermicompost can be used for managing coal fly ash by utilizing earthworms as decomposers. Earthworms can increase the availability of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and reduce the solubility of lead contained in coal fly ash. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of vermicompost using earthworm Eisenia fetida on the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and lead in coal fly ash. The study consisted of five treatments, with a total weight of 3 kg coal fly ash each. The results showed that mixing cow dung in vermicomposting of coal fly ash significantly increased N, P, K and decreased Pb in vermicompost.

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7

Švarc, P., and E. Kula. "Earthworm (Lumbricidae) assemblages of forest ecosystems in the anthropogenically." Journal of Forest Science 57, No. 6 (July 7, 2011): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/16/2010-jfs.

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Assemblages of earthworms were evaluated in spruce and beech stands in the Kienhaida Nature Reserve (Kru&scaron;né hory Mts., Czech Republic) and its immediate surroundings, where site conditions were modified by the soil preparation for forest regeneration. The beech stands of the reserve showed low diversity but higher earthworm abundance than did the spruce stands, which in turn showed the lowest Lumbricidae abundance (18 individuals·m<sup>–2</sup>). The highest abundance of earthworms (124 individuals·m<sup>–2</sup>) was found in the soil of mounds created 30 years prior to sampling from the organic soil of the A<sub>h</sub> horizon. The highest species diversity and low abundance were characteristic of areas between the mounds, the soil surface of which was greatly disturbed after removal of the A<sub>h</sub> horizon to create those mounds. The degree to which the reforested clear-cuts created due to air pollution were overgrown with weeds contributed positively to the diversity and abundance of Lumbricidae.

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8

Owagboriaye, Folarin Ojo, Gabriel Adewunmi Dedeke, and Kehinde Olutoyin Ademolu. "Glutathione-S-Transferase Production in Earthworm as Tool for Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Abattoir Soil." Revista de Biología Tropical 64, no. 2 (May 13, 2016): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i2.18484.

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<p>The use of Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities in earthworm tissue as tool for assessment of heavy metal pollution in abattoir soils was evaluated in this study. Five (5) replicates each of earthworm species (<em>Libyodrilus violaceous</em>, <em>Eudrilus eugeniae</em> and <em>Alma millsoni</em>), soil and rumen waste samples were collected from three (3) abattoir sites (Lafenwa, Gbonogun and Madojutimi abattoirs) and a control site located within Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, beside an undisturbed stream with no rumen waste. Heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Mn) concentrations in rumen waste, abattoir soils and earthworm tissues were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The pH and organic matter (OM) concentrations of the rumen waste and abattoir soils were determined by standard methods. GST activities in the earthworm tissues were determined through the conjugation of 1mM reduced glutathione (GSH) with 1mM 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). The rumen waste recorded significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) % OM, heavy metal concentrations and pH level than in their respective abattoir soils. The mean heavy metal concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Mn were highest in the tissue of earthworm species obtained from Lafenwa abattoir. A significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher GST activities were recorded in the tissue of earthworm species obtained from Lafenwa and Gbonogun abattoirs. <em>Libyodrilous violaceus </em>obtained from Lafenwa abattoir recorded the highest GST activity (8.47±1.39) in their tissue followed by the ones from Gbonogun abattoir (8.21±0.85). A significant (p ≤ 0.05) positive correlations was observed between GST activities in earthworm tissues and heavy metal concentrations. GST activities can therefore be used to assess the level of heavy metal pollution in abattoir soils.</p><p><em>Keywords</em>: Glutathione-S-transferase, Biomarker, Earthworms, Heavy metals, Abattoir</p>

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9

Baeva, Yuliya I., and N. A. Chernykh. "Evaluation of migration ability of polychlorinated biphenyls in the «soil-plant» and «soil-earthworms»." Hygiene and sanitation 95, no. 4 (October 28, 2019): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-4-336-339.

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In the article there is given a hygienic assessment ofpolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination of soils of the city of Serpukhov of the Moscow region. For the first time there was investigated the PCB’s ability to migrate in the system "soil-earthworms", and were calculated bioaccumulation factors at the different level of soil contamination. There was performed a comparative evaluation of the accumulation of given contaminants by higher terrestrial plants and representatives of soil paedobionts (Lumbricidae worms), and revealed clear differences in these processes. There was shown the possibility of the use of earthworms as a highly sensitive bio-indicators in monitoring for soil contamination by persistent organic pollutants, even at low concentrations.

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10

Butt, Kevin Richard, Camille Méline, and Guénola Pérès. "Marine macroalgae as food for earthworms: growth and selection experiments across ecotypes." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 27 (January 10, 2020): 33493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07666-y.

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AbstractHistorically, subsistence farmers around the Atlantic coast of NW Europe utilized marine algae as a fertilizer in agroecosystems, a practice that continued in small areas and is now considered to have real potential for re-establishing sustainable food production systems on marginal soils. Earthworms form a significant component of soil fauna, and their ecosystem services are well-documented. Therefore, palatability of marine organic amendments to faunal detritivores of terrestrial systems is of interest. This work aimed to assess the potential for growth of Aporrectodea caliginosa, Lumbricus rubellus and Aporrectodea longa fed with two common macroalgae (seaweeds), Laminaria digitata and Fucus serratus. In addition, choice chambers were constructed to permit earthworm selection of these macroalgae with more conventional organic materials, horse manure (HM) and birch leaves (BL). Over a period of 2 months, earthworm species showed significantly greater mass gain with conventional food (p < 0.05). Laminaria outperformed Fucus, which in turn was superior to soil alone. Similarly, when given a choice, a significant preference (p < 0.001) was shown for the more nitrogen-rich HM and BL over the seaweeds. No removal was recorded for A. caliginosa when offered seaweeds only. By contrast, L. rubellus and A. longa showed significant preferences (p < 0.001) for Laminaria over Fucus and fresh material over degraded. These results underline an interest to profit from natural resources (seaweeds) to maintain or improve soil biological quality in marginal coastal areas.

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11

Badawy, Mohamed E. I., Anter Kenawy, and Ahmed F. El-Aswad. "Toxicity Assessment of Buprofezin, Lufenuron, and Triflumuron to the EarthwormAporrectodea caliginosa." International Journal of Zoology 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/174523.

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Earthworms are particularly important soil macroinvertebrates and are often used in assessing the general impact of pesticide pollution in soil. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the toxicity of three insect growth regulators (IGRs) buprofezin, lufenuron, and triflumuron, at different application rates and exposure times toward mature earthwormsAporrectodea caliginosa. The effects of these pesticides on the growth rate in relation to the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as biochemical indicators were evaluated to elucidate the mechanisms of action. Toxicity studies indicated that lufenuron was the most harmful pesticide to mature earthworms, followed in descending order by buprofezin and triflumuron. A reduction in growth rate in all pesticide-treated worms was dose-dependent over the 28-day exposure period, which was accompanied by a decrease in AChE and GST activities. Relationships between growth rate, AChE, and GST provided strong evidence for the involvement of pesticidal contamination in the biochemical changes in earthworms, which can be used as a bioindicator of soil contamination by pesticides.

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12

Malik, Suruchi, and Anil Kanaujia. "BIO-SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES FOR IMPROVING SOIL HEALTH INDEX." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 8, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i9.003.

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As the anthropogenic activities are increasing day by day, the environmental pollution has also been rising. The continuous disposal and improper treatment of domestic, industrial, and agricultural wastes is highly toxic and has emerged as a serious pollution threat which is jeopardizing the environment & human health. Soil contamination is referred to as the accumulation in the soil of persistent harmful substances, chemical compounds, radioactive wastes, salts, or pathogens that have a negative impact on biological systems. Bioremediation is a waste management technique that includes the use of living organisms to eradicate or neutralize pollutants from a contaminated site. Other processes use plants, earthworms and biochar to attenuate the toxicity of contaminants.

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13

Huerta-Lwanga, Esperanza, Jorge Mendoza-Vega, Oriana Ribeiro, Henny Gertsen, Piet Peters, and Violette Geissen. "Is the Polylactic Acid Fiber in Green Compost a Risk for Lumbricus terrestris and Triticum aestivum?" Polymers 13, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050703.

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Polylactic acid (PLA) bioplastic was introduced to the market as an environmentally friendly potential solution for plastic pollution. However, the effects of bioplastic debris mixed with composts on soil macroinvertebrates, plant growth and soil conditions are still unknown. Soil macroinvertebrates are soil health indicators. A reduction in their abundance is a sign of soil degradation. The objectives of this study were (i) to assess PLA debris in greenhouse composts, and (ii) to test the ecotoxicological effects of PLA debris mixed with compost on Lumbricus terrestris, a soil organism model, and on Triticum aestevium, a plant growth model. The study was comprised of three stages: (1) determine the PLA debris size distribution in composts; (2) assess the ecotoxicological effects of real-world concentrations (0% to 5%) of PLA mixed with compost on earthworm mortality and reproduction; and (3) assess the influence of compost mixed with real-world PLA concentrations on plant growth and physicochemical soil conditions. One percent of PLA debris was found in green composts, 40% of composted PLA debris measured between 1–10 mm, with a concentration of 82.8 ± 17.4 microplastics.gram−1 compost. A concentration of 1% PLA in composts resulted in significant mortality in earthworms. No significant effects of PLA mixed with composts were observed on plant growth or soil physicochemical conditions. Further studies are required in order to test the effect of this biopolymer on different earthworm and plant’ species.

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Šestinová, Oľga, Jozef Hančuľák, and Lenka Findoráková. "Environmental risk assessment of metal-contaminated areas using different bioassays." Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 19, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/nbc.v19i2.654.

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Mining activities in the areas Krompachy and Rudňany-Markušovce were focused on mining and processing of copper and mercury ore and left harmful effects on the region of Eastern Slovakia. The aim of this study is using different screening methods (XRF, Phytotoxkit and earthworm bioassays) for environmental risk assessment of metal-contaminated areas. Elemental analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry indicated severe pollution of studied soils by Cu, Ni, As and Hg, which exceeded limit values. Significant positive correlation is found between Pb and Zn occurrence in the agricultural soil from Krompachy: Kluknava, and for the contents of particular metals in soil from permanent grass vegetation in Kolinovce locality, namely between Pb and Ni, Pb and Zn, and between Hg and Zn contents. A 7-day bioassay and avoidance test with the Dendrobaena veneta was used to assess the environmental risk of heavy metals in soils. The earthworms mortality was very little influenced by metals in Krompachy soils, but rather affected by Rudňany soils tailing. Phytotoxkit results for soils from Krompachy showed inhibition in germination by 32 % and 29 % for Sinapis alba and Lepidium sativum, respectively. Results of the average percentage of growth inhibition by Lepidium sativum was 28 % and 24 % for Sinapis alba. On the other hand, soil samples from Rudňany tailing showed 56 % of germination inhibition by Sinapis alba, and 49 % for Lepidium sativum, respectively. Results of the average percentage of grow the inhibition by Lepidium sativum was 48 %, and 52 % for Sinapis alba Rudňany tailing soils. The significant results (P < 0.05) of the avoidance percentages of Dendrobaena veneta for tested soils were within the range 80 – 100 % in soils Rudňany-Markušovce tailing after 48 h. The variable toxicity of contaminated soils demonstrated the efficiency and usefulness of the Phytotoxkit and earthworm bioassays as a useful tool for evaluation of soil ecotoxicity. The results supported the expected negative impact of the soil samples on the region Eastern Slovakia.

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Hankard, Peter K., Jacob G. Bundy, David J. Spurgeon, Jason M. Weeks, Julian Wright, Claire Weinberg, and Claus Svendsen. "Establishing principal soil quality parameters influencing earthworms in urban soils using bioassays." Environmental Pollution 133, no. 2 (January 2005): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.06.008.

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Sanchez-Hernandez, Juan C., J. Notario del Pino, Yvan Capowiez, Christophe Mazzia, and Magali Rault. "Soil enzyme dynamics in chlorpyrifos-treated soils under the influence of earthworms." Science of The Total Environment 612 (January 2018): 1407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.043.

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Baccaro, Marta, Samuel Harrison, Hans van den Berg, Laura Sloot, Davy Hermans, Geert Cornelis, Cornelis A. M. van Gestel, and Nico W. van den Brink. "Bioturbation of Ag2S-NPs in soil columns by earthworms." Environmental Pollution 252 (September 2019): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.106.

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Lanno, R., J. Wells, J. Conder, K. Bradham, and N. Basta. "The bioavailability of chemicals in soil for earthworms." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 57, no. 1 (January 2004): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.08.014.

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Li, Yinsheng, and Branimir Hackenberger. "Earthworms and environment: a tool for diagnosis, assessment, monitoring, and remediation of soil pollution and soil quality." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 27 (June 25, 2020): 33399–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09532-3.

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Elyamine, Ali, Javaria Afzal, Muhammad Rana, Muhammad Imran, Miaomiao Cai, and Chengxiao Hu. "Phenanthrene Mitigates Cadmium Toxicity in Earthworms Eisenia fetida (Epigeic Specie) and Aporrectodea caliginosa (Endogeic Specie) in Soil." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (October 27, 2018): 2384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112384.

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In classical toxicology studies, the interaction of combined doses of chemicals with dissimilar modes of toxic action in soil is complex and depending on the end point investigated and the experimental protocol employed. This study was used to examine the interactive effect of phenanthrene and Cadmium on two ecologically different species of earthworms; Eisenia. fetida and Aporrectodea. caliginosa. This interactive effect was scrutinized by using the acute toxicity test with the concentrations of 2.51 mg kg−1 and 3.74 mg kg−1, respectively, being lethal for 50% of E. fetida and A. caliginosa. The results showed that in the mixture treatment, phenanthrene at 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg kg−1 significantly mitigated both earthworms species mortality and body-mass loss. Moreover, the factor of Cd accumulated in E. fetida and A. caliginosa tissues was significantly decreased by about 12% and 16%, respectively. Linear regression correlation coefficient revealed that the reduction of both earthworm species mortality was negatively and significantly correlated (r2 = 0.98 ± 0.40 and 1 ± 3.9 p < 0.001) with phenanthrene concentration in soil. However, over 20 mg kg−1 of phenanthrene, both organisms mortality rate increased again, as was the Bioaccumulation factor of phenanthrene. Thus, this study proposes that the antagonistical effect of phenanthrene on Cd at a degree of concentration can be used to mitigate Cd effect on soil living organisms. However, as an implication of these results, the interpretation of standardized toxicity bioassays, including whole effluent toxicity tests and single-compound toxicity tests, should be performed with caution. In addition, risk assessment protocols for environment pollution by a mixture of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons should include robust methods that can detect possible interactive effects between contaminants to optimize environmental protection.

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Garadaghli, L. "Effect of Physical and Chemical Properties of Gray-Brown Soils Contaminated With Waste Aluminum Plant and Tube-Rolling Mill in Sumgait on Life Activity of Earthworms." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/61/05.

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Soil invertebrates are sensitive indicators of soil moisture. The occurrence of certain species can be an indicator of humidity or dryness of the habitat. Many researchers consider mesofauna to be one of the best bioindicators, since all actively moving species react to the slightest change in the environment by varying the number and violation of the ratios of trophic groups. To determine the main trends in soil dynamics using soil invertebrate gray-brown soils, such indicators as the quantitative ratio of individual groups, changes in the structure of the dominant representatives of the trophic structure, and distribution by soil profile are of primary importance. Special priority is given to studying the humus state of gray-brown soils associated with the pollution of natural biocenoses by technogenic waste.

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Remelli, Sara, Pietro Rizzo, Fulvio Celico, and Cristina Menta. "Natural Surface Hydrocarbons and Soil Faunal Biodiversity: A Bioremediation Perspective." Water 12, no. 9 (August 22, 2020): 2358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092358.

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Hydrocarbon pollution threatens aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems globally, but soil fauna in oil-polluted soils has been insufficiently studied. In this research, soil hydrocarbon toxicity was investigated in two natural oil seepage soils in Val D’Agri (Italy) using two different approaches: (i) toxicological tests with Folsomia candida (Collembola) and Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta) and (ii) analysis of abundance and composition of micro- and meso-fauna. Soil sampling was done along 20 m-transepts starting from the natural oil seepages. Toxicological testing revealed that no exemplars of F. candida survived, whereas specimens of E. fetida not only survived but also increased in weight in soils with higher PAH concentrations, although no reproduction was observed. Analysis on microfauna showed that Nematoda was the most abundant group, with distance from seepages not affecting its abundance. Arthropoda results showed that Acarina, Collembola and Diptera larvae represented the most abundant taxa. The highest divergence in community composition was found between soils situated near seepages and at 5 m and 10 m distance. Arthropoda taxa numbers, total abundance and Acarina were lower in soils with high PAH concentration, while Diptera larvae were not significantly affected. Earthworms, together with Nematoda and Diptera larvae, could therefore represent ideal candidates in PAH degradation studies.

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van Vliet, P. C. J., S. E. A. T. M. van der Zee, and W. C. Ma. "Heavy metal concentrations in soil and earthworms in a floodplain grassland." Environmental Pollution 138, no. 3 (December 2005): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.04.010.

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Sanchez-Hernandez, Juan C., Juan Manuel Ríos, Andrés Maximiliano Attademo, Alessio Malcevschi, and Ximena Andrade Cares. "Assessing biochar impact on earthworms: Implications for soil quality promotion." Journal of Hazardous Materials 366 (March 2019): 582–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.032.

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Sanchez-Hernandez, Juan C., Kyoung S. Ro, and Francisco J. Díaz. "Biochar and earthworms working in tandem: Research opportunities for soil bioremediation." Science of The Total Environment 688 (October 2019): 574–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.212.

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Leland, Jarrod E., Donald E. Mullins, and Duane F. Berry. "The Fate of14C‐Diazinon in Compost, Compost‐Amended Soil, and Uptake by Earthworms." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 38, no. 6 (December 2003): 697–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/pfc-120025554.

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Andréa, Mara, and Solange Papini. "Influence of Soil Properties on Bioaccumulation of 14C-Simazine in Earthworms Eisenia foetida." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/pfc-200034216.

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Kim, Young-Nam, Brett Robinson, Jacqui Horswell, Stephane Boyer, and Nicholas Dickinson. "Impacts of Endemic Maoridrilus Earthworms (Megascolecidae) in Biosolids-Amended Soil." Journal of Environmental Quality 46, no. 1 (2017): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2016.06.0207.

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Lev, Steven M., Nick Matthies, Joel W. Snodgrass, Ryan E. Casey, and David R. Ownby. "Effects of Zinc Exposure on Earthworms, Lumbricus terrestris, in an Artificial Soil." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 84, no. 6 (April 30, 2010): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-010-0002-4.

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Pathan, Shamina Imran, Paola Arfaioli, Tommaso Bardelli, Maria Teresa Ceccherini, Paolo Nannipieri, and Giacomo Pietramellara. "Soil Pollution from Micro- and Nanoplastic Debris: A Hidden and Unknown Biohazard." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 7255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187255.

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The fate, properties and determination of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in soil are poorly known. In fact, most of the 300 million tons of plastics produced each year ends up in the environment and the soil acts as a log-term sink for these plastic debris. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss MP and NP pollution in soil as well as highlighting the knowledge gaps that are mainly related to the complexity of the soil ecosystem. The fate of MPs and NPs in soil is strongly determined by physical properties of plastics, whereas negligible effect is exerted by their chemical structures. The degradative processes of plastic, termed ageing, besides generating micro-and nano-size debris, can induce marked changes in their chemical and physical properties with relevant effects on their reactivity. Further, these processes could cause the release of toxic oligomeric and monomeric constituents from plastics, as well as toxic additives, which may enter in the food chain, representing a possible hazard to human health and potentially affecting the fauna and flora in the environment. In relation to their persistence in soil, the list of soil-inhabiting, plastic-eating bacteria, fungi and insect is increasing daily. One of the main ecological functions attributable to MPs is related to their function as vectors for microorganisms through the soil. However, the main ecological effect of NPs (limited to the fraction size < than 50 nm) is their capacity to pass through the membrane of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Soil biota, particularly earthworms and collembola, can be both MPs and NPs carriers through soil profile. The use of molecular techniques, especially omics approaches, can gain insights into the effects of MPs and NPs on composition and activity of microbial communities inhabiting the soil and into those living on MPs surface and in the gut of the soil plastic-ingesting fauna.

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Morgan, A. J., J. E. Morgan, and C. Winters. "Subcellular cadmium sequestration by the chloragocytes of earthworms living in highly contaminated soil." Marine Environmental Research 28, no. 1-4 (January 1989): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(89)90231-6.

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R, Mathivanan, and Chandirasekar R. "Study on the comet assay and micronucleus test in eudrilus eugeniae earthworms’ coelomocytes exposed with tannery industrial effluents." Kongunadu Research Journal 7, no. 2 (October 5, 2020): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj.2020.24.

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Tannery effluents having the different kind’s chemical compounds are extensively used to the production of leather industries and it’s considered as rich potential of environmental pollutant.Earthworms are easily affecting the toxic chemical in environmentally and in this organism is good experimental animal for monitoring the soil pollution and terrestrial ecosystem. In this study, we taken from the industrial raw tannery effluents and the experimental animal in earthworm species of Eudrilus eugeniae (10 for each group) were introduced to 48 hrs for tannery effluent in five different concentrations like 10 ml, 20ml, 30ml, 40 ml, and 50 ml and to find out LC50 level. The LC50 was found at 35 ml concentration. The study was used to the LC50/2, LC50, 2XLC50 for 48 hrs. Then the genotoxicity level was evaluated in Eudrilus eugeniae species. After that we collect earthworm’s coelomocytes by using the micronucleus (MN) test and comet assay (CA) test. Result of the study, MN and CA level was significantly increased in both genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assays and the high concentration of effluent to promote the increased level of DNA damage and micronucleus in Eudrilus eugenie species.

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Liu, Mengli, Jia Cao, and Chong Wang. "Bioremediation by earthworms on soil microbial diversity and partial nitrification processes in oxytetracycline-contaminated soil." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 189 (February 2020): 109996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109996.

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Römbke, J., S. Jänsch, and W. Didden. "The use of earthworms in ecological soil classification and assessment concepts." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 62, no. 2 (October 2005): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.03.027.

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Ceccanti, Brunello, Grazia Masciandaro, Carlos Garcia, Cristina Macci, and Serena Doni. "Soil Bioremediation: Combination of Earthworms and Compost for the Ecological Remediation of a Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 177, no. 1-4 (July 13, 2006): 383–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9180-4.

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Chao, Lei, Su Chen, Xian Ming Lang, and Cheng Hu. "A Study on the Ecological Risk of Polluted River Sediments in Rural Area." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.634.

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In order to fully understand the heavy metal and mineral oil in sediments of Tiaozi River and their potential ecological hazard levels, sediment samples at upper reaches, middle reaches and lower reaches of Tiaozi River are collected. Various heavy metals, such as Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, and mineral oil are tested, and the toxicological analysis of sediments at various sampling points is conducted. Results show that all sediments have pollutants accumulated. Content of mineral oil is 2400-4900mg•kg-1, content of Cu is 16.84-56.06 mg•kg-1, content of Pb is 9.72-19.93mg•kg-1, content of Cd is 0.32-1.05 mg•kg-1, and content of Cr is 27.35-57.95 mg•kg-1. Sediments have varying growth inhibitions or stimulatory effects on higher plants, and acute lethal effect on earthworms. Root elongation inhibition ratio of seed germination is -9.52 %～19.05 %, 14 d maximum mortality of earthworms is 55 %. In general, the long term water pollution has led to accumulation of river sediments and strong eco-toxicity, and farm-oriented channel dredging sediments have toxic hazards on soil – plant ecosystem.

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Höckner, Martina, Claudio Adriano Piechnik, Birgit Fiechtner, Birgit Weinberger, and Lars Tomanek. "Cadmium-Related Effects on Cellular Immunity Comprises Altered Metabolism in Earthworm Coelomocytes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 2 (January 17, 2020): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020599.

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The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is known to modulate the immune system, challenging soil-dwelling organisms where environmental Cd pollution is high. Since earthworms lack adaptive immunity, we determined Cd-related effects on coelomocytes, the cellular part of innate immunity, which is also the site of detoxification processes. A proteomics approach revealed a set of immunity-related proteins as well as gene products involved in energy metabolism changing in earthworms in response to Cd exposure. Based on these results, we conducted extracellular flux measurements of oxygen and acidification to reveal the effect of Cd on coelomocyte metabolism. We observed a significantly changing oxygen consumption rate, extracellular acidification, as well as metabolic potential, which can be defined as the response to an induced energy demand. Acute changes in intracellular calcium levels were also observed, indicating impaired coelomocyte activation. Lysosomes, the cell protein recycling center, and mitochondrial parameters did not change. Taken together, we were able to characterize coelomocyte metabolism to reveal a potential link to an impaired immune system upon Cd exposure.

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Jiang, Lingling, Siyuan Ling, Mengru Fu, Cheng Peng, Wei Zhang, Kuangfei Lin, and Bingsheng Zhou. "Bioaccumulation, elimination and metabolism in earthworms and microbial indices responses after exposure to decabromodiphenyl ethane in a soil-earthworm-microbe system." Environmental Pollution 289 (November 2021): 117965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117965.

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39

Sun, Yang, Lixia Zhao, Xiaojing Li, Yueqi Hao, Huijuan Xu, Liping Weng, and Yongtao Li. "Stimulation of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) on soil microbial communities to promote metolachlor degradation." Environmental Pollution 248 (May 2019): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.058.

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40

Singh, Rajneesh, Puspendu Bhunia, and Rajesh R. Dash. "Understanding intricacies of clogging and its alleviation by introducing earthworms in soil biofilters." Science of The Total Environment 633 (August 2018): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.156.

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Li, Ruisheng, Zhiyuan Meng, Wei Sun, Ruoyue Wu, Ming Jia, Sen Yan, Sinuo Tian, Wentao Zhu, and Zhiqiang Zhou. "Bioaccumulation and toxic effects of penconazole in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) following soil exposure." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 30 (July 3, 2020): 38056–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09815-9.

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42

Santana, Natielo Almeida, Paulo Ademar Avelar Ferreira, Camila Peligrinotti Tarouco, Igor Sulzbacher Schardong, Zaida Inês Antoniolli, Fernando Teixeira Nicoloso, and Rodrigo Josemar Seminoti Jacques. "Earthworms and mycorrhization increase copper phytoextraction by Canavalia ensiformis in sandy soil." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 182 (October 2019): 109383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109383.

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43

Xu, Hui-Juan, Hao Chen, Xue-Li Wang, Yu-Long Zhang, Jin-Jin Wang, Ning Li, and Yong-Tao Li. "Earthworms stimulate nitrogen transformation in an acidic soil under different Cd contamination." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 165 (December 2018): 564–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.042.

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44

Dindar, Efsun, Fatma Olcay Topac Sagban, Ufuk Alkan, and Huseyin Savas Baskaya. "EFFECTS OF CANNED FOOD INDUSTRY SLUDGE AMENDMENT ON ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN SOIL WITH EARTHWORMS." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 12, no. 12 (2013): 2407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2013.292.

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45

Gallego, Sara, David Nos, Nicola Montemurro, Juan C. Sanchez-Hernandez, Sandra Pérez, Montserrat Solé, and Fabrice Martin-Laurent. "Ecotoxicological impact of the antihypertensive valsartan on earthworms, extracellular enzymes and soil bacterial communities." Environmental Pollution 275 (April 2021): 116647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116647.

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46

Conder, Jason M., Roman P. Lanno, and Nicholas T. Basta. "Assessment of Metal Availability in Smelter Soil Using Earthworms and Chemical Extractions." Journal of Environmental Quality 30, no. 4 (2001): 1231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.3041231x.

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47

Meng, Jie, Lijun Li, Haitao Liu, Yong Li, Caihong Li, Guanglei Wu, Xiaofan Yu, et al. "Biodiversity management of organic orchard enhances both ecological and economic profitability." PeerJ 4 (June 23, 2016): e2137. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2137.

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Organic farming has been regarded as an alternative solution for both agricultural sustainability and human health maintenance. Few researches have concentrated on the differences of biodiversity and eco-economic benefits between organic and conventional orchards. Organic management (OM) of orchards mainly includes taking advantage of natural enemies and beneficial weeds as well as soil organisms and controlling harmful pests. Here we conducted a three-year experiment on the effects of managing biodiversity in an organic apple orchard, using cattle manure to enrich soil biota, propagating native plant to suppress weeds and applying ecological pest management to control pests. The effect was assessed against the conventional management (CM) model. We found that OM enhanced soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. The 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing results indicated that the dominant bacterial phyla of the top soil wereProteobacteriaandActinobacteria, and OM had richer bacteria diversity with a 7% higher Shannon’s index than the CM. In particular, the relative abundance of rhizobium in the OM was higher than that of the CM. For OM,Duchesnea indicawas an ideal ground-cover plant to control weeds through winning the niche competition and thus decreased weeds’ Simpson, Shannon–Wiener and Pielou index by 38.2%, 53.8% and 16.9% separately. The phototactic pests’ weight and scarab beetle’s population were effectively decreased by 35% and 86% respectively through long time control and prevention. OM had an average of 20 times more earthworms than CM, and the maximum density had reached 369 m−2(0–20 cm soil). The dominant earthworm species of the OM were detritivores which preferring soil with high organic matter content. Due to no synthetic chemicals being used, the OM produced much safer apple fruits which were sold at high prices. Economically, up to a 103% increase of output–input ratio had been achieved in the OM. Our study clearly demonstrated that biodiversity management without chemical pollution increased the biodiversity of beneficial organisms, reduced antagonists of the fruit tree, and enhanced economic benefits of the apple orchard.

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Peach, Morgan E., Caitlin E. Hicks Pries, and Andrew J. Friedland. "Plants and earthworms control soil carbon and water quality trade-offs in turfgrass mesocosms." Science of The Total Environment 753 (January 2021): 141884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141884.

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Haque, Ajazul, and Winfried Ebing. "Uptake and accumulation of pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate by earthworms from water and soil." Science of The Total Environment 68 (January 1988): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(88)90365-8.

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Nélieu, Sylvie, Ghislaine Delarue, Joël Amossé, Sylvain Bart, Alexandre R. R. Péry, and Céline Pelosi. "Soil dissipation and bioavailability to earthworms of two fungicides under laboratory and field conditions." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 34 (July 28, 2020): 43044–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10222-3.

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