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Journal articles on the topic 'East European Economic assistance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

MINASSIAN, Garabed, and Victor YOTZOV. "FOREIGN CAPITAL INFLOWS IN CENTRAL AND EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES." Economy of Ukraine 2021, no. 11 (2021): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2021.11.055.

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Free cross-border movement of goods and capital correlates with the general economic state of a country in both apparent and subtle ways. The intensity of financial and economic interactions with the outside world is an indicator of the sustainability and efficiency of the national economy. After joining the EU, all Member States liberalized the balance of payments (BoP), i.e. ensured free and unrestricted cross-border movement of goods and capital. For certain countries the liberalization of BoP was a considerable challenge, which they managed to successfully overcome. These were the EU count

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2

Yordanov, Radoslav. "The Long Misunderstanding: Cuba's Economic Ties with the Soviet Bloc." Journal of Cold War Studies 25, no. 4 (2023): 24–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01169.

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Abstract This article examines the political and economic issues that arose in relations between the Soviet bloc and Cuba from 1959 through 1991, including the admission of Cuba into the Soviet-dominated Council for Economic Mutual Assistance (CMEA) in the early 1970s. The article breaks new ground by consulting previously unseen primary documents originating from the East European states and Cuba, which highlight the often contentious ties between the European CMEA states and Cuba. The East European governments were often dismayed by the egregious economic mismanagement of Fidel Castro's regi

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Fujisawa, Jun. "The End of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, no. 2 (2022): 532–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2022.213.

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This paper analyzes the negotiations within the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance during the final years of its existence, focusing on the Soviet reform proposals and M. S. Gorbachev’s vision of the “Common European Home” as well as on Eastern European reaction to them. In the second half of the 1980s, Gorbachev tried to found a “unified market” for the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance by introducing a market-oriented reform of the organization. However, this attempt did not materialize because of the East German and Romanian objections. After the collapse of Eastern European social

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Marrese, Michael. "CMEA: effective but cumbersome political economy." International Organization 40, no. 2 (1986): 287–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300027156.

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The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance is primarily a forum for bilateral bargaining between the Soviet Union and each of the other CMEA countries. The bilateral negotiations are conducted with tremendous concern for Soviet long-term preferences and for the short-term economic-political stability of East European countries. The CMEA provides the Soviet Union with an effective but cumbersome politico-economic policy-making apparatus that is becoming less effective and increasingly cumbersome over time. From the East European perspective, the CMEA tends to solidify the positions of the East

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Scott, Norman. "Establishing and Financing of a Joint Venture." Revue générale de droit 19, no. 4 (2019): 787–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058497ar.

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This article deals with a Guide prepared by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe concerning east-west joint ventures. The publication focusses on the issues arising in the establishment and operation of east-west joint ventures in those European members countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) which now allow this form of industrial co-operation in their respective territories — namely, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Soviet Union. In parallel with that Guide, the author exposes the importance and the contents of the contract itself

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De Groot, Michael. "The Soviet Union, CMEA, and the Energy Crisis of the 1970s." Journal of Cold War Studies 22, no. 4 (2020): 4–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00964.

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Numerous scholars have claimed that the Soviet Union was a primary beneficiary of the 1973–1974 oil crisis. Drawing on archival evidence from Russia and Germany, this article challenges that interpretation, showing that the oil crisis forced Soviet policymakers to confront the limits of their energy industry and the effects of the crisis on their East European allies. Demand for Soviet energy outpaced production, forcing Soviet officials to weigh their need to compensate for economic shortcomings at home against their role as the guarantor of Communist rule in Eastern Europe. The Soviet decisi

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Yordanov, Radoslav. "Bittersweet solidarity: Cuba, Sugar and the Soviet bloc." Revista de Historia de América, no. 161 (July 12, 2021): 215–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35424/rha.161.2021.855.

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This paper traces the complex sugar trade between Cuba and the East European Socialist states (the German Democratic Republic, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Hungary) from the Cuban revolution in 1959 until the dissolution of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) in 1991. To Cuba, selling its sugar to the Socialist states at above-world market prices was an expression of East European states’socialist solidarity. To the bloc states, it was a form of economic aid to Cuba. This formulation not only went against the preferred form of exchange within the CMEA, namely cooperation

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Flade, Falk. "Beyond socialist camaraderie. Cross-border railway between German Democratic Republic, Poland and Soviet Union (1950s–60s)." Journal of Transport History 40, no. 2 (2019): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022526619845339.

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In order to facilitate cross-border railway transport between socialist countries in Eastern Europe, the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance and later the Organisation for Cooperation of Railways were established in 1949 and 1956. Joint planning, standardisation and tariff policy were the main fields of cooperation. The paper focuses on the struggles between Council of Mutual Economic Assistance and Organisation for Cooperation of Railways member countries regarding transit tariffs for cross-border freight shipments. These struggles, dragging on for more than three decades, reveal the econom

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Riabov, D. S. "ON THE REDUCTION OF LEGAL EXPENSES FOR PROFESSIONAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE IN ECONOMIC PROCEEDINGS." Actual problems of native jurisprudence 4, no. 4 (2021): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/392176.

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In this article, the author highlights the problems of improper application by national courts of the European Court of Human Rights practices. The author notes that the current Code of Commercial Procedure of Ukraine does not provide for an independent reduction by the court of expenses for professional legal assistance, unless the other party has filed a corresponding petition and proved their incommensurability, which fully reflects consolidation of the adversarial principle of parties in economic proceedings. At the same time, having reviewed the judicial practice of the Supreme Court, the

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Armel, Kaze. "Trilateral Cooperation." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 06, no. 03 (2020): 311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740020500189.

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Over the years, China has forged and mastered its own distinctive foreign aid practices as an emerging aid donor. China’s approach to foreign assistance has become highly appreciated as the country’s stature as a provider of economic assistance has matured. In 2013, under President Xi Jinping, Beijing introduced the Belt and Road Initiative, which has become a leading component of China’s foreign policy and triggered a new round of policy reform in its foreign aid agenda. In Africa, China’s foreign assistance has kept in line with the policy of equal treatment. It has shared its development ex

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Brach, Juliane. "The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership: The Role and Impact of theEconomic and Financial Dimension." European Foreign Affairs Review 12, Issue 4 (2007): 555–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2007045.

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The EU and 12 countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) engaged in 1995 in the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP) in political, economic and cultural matters with the aim to foster cooperation, stability and prosperity around the Mediterranean Basin. The Economic and Financial Partnership (EFP) plays a central role in the EMP design and implementation, which is centered on economic and trade integration as a starting point for and an anchor of socio-economic development in the MENA region. Against this background, this paper reviews the situation in the MENA partner countries and

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Gamawa, Yusuf Ibrahim. "United States and the Middle East after the Cold War." American Finance & Banking Review 3, no. 1 (2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/amfbr.v3i1.135.

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The United States emerged as the most powerful country after World War II and as such found itself in an influential position to be involved in the future and destinies of many countries across the globe. The U.S. played a major role in the post War economic reconstruction in Europe and rendered assistance to many European states. American power at this time was seen to have extended to other parts of the globe, including the Middle East, which has been a region of interest to outside powers. This short paper tries to look at U.S. ambitions in the region and how far the U.S. has gone in achiev

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Bartenev, Vladimir. "European Donors in the Arab World: Redistribution of Resources and Roles." Contemporary Europe 99, no. 6 (2020): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope620207689.

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The article explores official development assistance flows from European countries to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and highlights certain specifics and the logic of redistribution of resources and roles between the largest European donors throughout the 2010s – since the Arab Spring, which transformed the political landscape of the entire region. This trend is explained by uneven dynamics of the donor activities of three states with a direct access to the Mediterranean – France, Italy and Spain ‒ and other countries. This dynamic seems to be caused by differences in domestic economi

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Brada, Josef C. "Interpreting the Soviet subsididzation of Eastern Europe." International Organization 42, no. 4 (1988): 639–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300034007.

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In trade among the members of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA), prices of raw materials are lower and those of manufactured goods higher than comparable world prices. Because the Soviet Union is a net exporter of raw materials to, and net importer of manufactures from, the other CMEA countries, it benefits less from CMEA trade than it would from trading with the rest of the world, and the other CMEA members benefit more. This redistribution of the gains from trade is generally seen as a form of subsidization. One explanation of these subsidies is that they represent Soviet pay

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Zhiryakov, Ivan G. "THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY AND THE COUNCIL FOR MUTUAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE IN THE 1970'S IN THE CONTEXT OF EAST-WEST RELATIONS." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (History and political science), no. 4 (2016): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-676x-2016-4-59-68.

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Bishku, Michael B. "Turkey and Afghanistan: Culture, Security and Economics." Contemporary Review of the Middle East 7, no. 3 (2020): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798920921662.

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This is an examination of political, military, economic and cultural relations between Turkey and Afghanistan since 1919. While cultural connections, Turkish security and technical assistance, and bilateral trade have been emphasized throughout this relationship, the closest ties were during the leadership of Turkey’s Kemal Atatürk and the reign of Afghanistan’s King Amanullah when modernization reforms were in vogue in both countries, and more recently since 2002 during the rule of Turkey’s Islam-oriented Justice and Development (AK) Party, which developed an affinity with the leaders of Afgh

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BOKOVA, Bella, and Yasar SARI. "COOPERATION BETWEEN TURKEY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION DURING THE COLD WAR (1947-1991)." Public Administration and Civil Service 93, no. 2 (2025): 219–29. https://doi.org/10.52123/1994-2370-2025-1321.

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This article examines the cooperation between Turkey and the European Union during the Cold War (1947-1991), focusing on the key aspects of their political, economic, and military ties. In the context of the rivalry between two global systems, Turkey sought to enhance its security and international status by actively pursuing closer relations with the West. The analysis highlights significant agreements, such as the Mutual Assistance Agreement (1952) and Turkey's subsequent entry into NATO, which marked a crucial step towards integration into Western structures. The article investigates the fa

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Comisso, Ellen. "Introduction: state structures, political processes, and collective choice in CMEA states." International Organization 40, no. 2 (1986): 195–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300027132.

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The similarity of state structures throughout Eastern Europe helps to explain why the reactions of states in that area to the international economic disturbances of the past decade resemble each other and why they differ from those of states outside the socialist bloc. Similar state structures, however, do not explain why the economic strategies of the East European states themselves in response to international economic shocks in the 1970s and 1980s diverged so noticeably. The role of state structure is to define “kto/kovo” (who can do what to whom) relationships in the state and economy. In

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19

Hubytskyy, Lyubomyr, and Hanna Melnyk. "Trade and Economic Relations Between Ukraine and the Republic of Poland (1991–2021)." International Relations: Theory and Practical Aspects, no. 8 (December 21, 2021): 99–118. https://doi.org/10.31866/2616-745x.8.2021.249028.

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The study analyzes the evolution of trade policy of Ukraine and Poland from the period of transition to a market economy and the functioning of market laws. Among the methods, the systematic method has been used to study the Polish political opinion on the profitability and prospects of mutually beneficial trade, comparative analysis of the results of Ukrainian and Polish foreign economic activity has been conducted, taking into account the requirements of Polish (as part of European) and Ukrainian legislation. Poland’s position on changes in the direction of Ukrainian strategic cooperat

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Stone, Randall W. "The Council of Mutual Economic Assistance: The Failure of Reform. By Lee Kendall Metcalf. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, Columbia University Press, 1998. 214p. $35.00." American Political Science Review 93, no. 2 (1999): 492–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2585468.

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Milojkovic, Danka, Goran Zlatković, and Nebojsa Stojkovic. "CLUSTERS - TOOL FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Nauka+Praksa 15 (October 10, 2012): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.62683/nip15.95-100.

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In order to adjust procedures in Serbia to the ones of other European countries, a strategic planning of cluster development in Serbia needs to be performed. There are more than 55 clusters in Serbia. Clusters represent significant tool of sustainable economic development. LEDIB Cluster House, an innovative organization, was formed in Nis in purpose of developing clusters all over South-East Serbia, with the mission to establish cooperation of business community organized into clusters and public and scientific-research sectors. Increase in the number of clusters in Serbia indicates that there

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22

Chol Riak, Jacob Dut. "“You Don’t Dictate the Tune”: The Parasitic Bloc, the East African Community (EAC) and European Union (EU) Relations." International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies 5, no. 1 (2025): 925–31. https://doi.org/10.62225/2583049x.2025.5.1.3745.

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The relation between the East African Community (EAC) and the European Union (EU) has so far contributed towards the economic development of both regions. However, on the issues of trade, technical assistance and foreign aid, the relationship has not always been symbiotic. The EAC has heavily relied on EU funding and technical expertise to support it programmes. Out of 112,984,442 million USD, the EAC budget for 2024/2025, 61% of the funding comes from partners with the EU doing the heaviest financial lifting of 30%. In 2023/2024 budget, the EU cushioned the EAC budget with 40% technical budge

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ZAHIR SYED and Dr Aamer Raza. "CHINA PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR: A WIN-WIN APPROACH IN A ZERO-SUM REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT." Journal of Pakistan-China Studies (JPCS) 2, no. 1 (2021): 22–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55733/jpcs.v2i1.25.

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Pakistan, due to its geostrategic existence, became a fulcrum of the massive Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) through CPEC. The project is anticipated to bring socio-political and economic stability in the region. The project is supposed to revitalize the historical Silk Rout to knock down the social, political, and economic hindrance among Asia, Africa, and Europe. This revolutionary and hi-tech Win-Win enterprise is professed as “the harbinger of a new epoch of congruence and integration” (Mehmood & Sabir, 2020) for Pakistan. CPEC is intended to unlatch many commercial routes across China,

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Langan, Mark. "Private sector development as poverty and strategic discourse: PSD in the political economy of EU–Africa trade relations." Journal of Modern African Studies 49, no. 1 (2011): 83–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x10000662.

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ABSTRACTPrivate sector development (PSD) has emerged as a core component of donor strategies aimed at making free markets work for ‘the poor’ through assistance to business sector capacity in low-income states. PSD initiatives cannot be understood, however, as technical exercises aimed solely at promoting development through business competitiveness. Instead they serve as normative concessions through which developmentally questionable market-opening has been rationalised by donors in pursuit of lucrative commercial opportunities in emerging economies. Examining the European Union's (EU) PSD f

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Cabada, Ladislav, and Martin Ehl. "The Kosovo Crisis and the Prospects of the Balkans." Czech Journal of International Relations 34, no. 4 (1999): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/cjir.1431.

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The Kosovo crisis has demonstrated that the West had put an end to its wait-and-see policy and resolved to be totally committed to the problems of the Balkans. The Stability pact creates an institutional framework in which an economic protectorate of the majority of post-communist South-East European countries will be set up step by step. But the problem is whether Balkan political leaders will respond favourably to the requirements of democratization and of a more transparent policy. The attacks against Yugoslavia have shown that the US and the North Atlantic Alliance are the only ones who po

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Willianms, Ellery. "Reviewer Acknowledgements." Business and Management Studies 6, no. 3 (2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v6i3.5029.

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Business and Management Studies (BMS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether BMS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 3Andrzej Niemiec, Poznań University of Economics and Business, PolandAnnu Tomar, Indian Institute of Mana

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Aleassa, Lina. "The EU׳s Regional Refugees Approach: A Double-Edged, but Promising Approach." Pro Publico Bono – Magyar Közigazgatás 11, no. 3 (2023): 83–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.32575/ppb.2023.3.5.

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The European Union has drawn on its migration policy in the Middle East and North Africa as a method of region-building that takes resilience as its “Governing Principle” when responding to crises. The central theme of resilience is to keep refugees closer to their home instead of flowing into Europe. This approach might be promising, yet it has both positive and negative effects. In the absence of adequate resources, resilience building may exacerbate the economic, political and social vulnerabilities already existing in these countries. In addition, resilience does not seem to put an end to

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Moska, Rafał, Krzysztof Labus, Piotr Kasza, and Agnieszka Moska. "Geothermal Potential of Hot Dry Rock in South-East Baltic Basin Countries—A Review." Energies 16, no. 4 (2023): 1662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041662.

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The beginning of 2022 was a time of major changes in the perception of energy availability and security in European countries. The aggression of Russia against Ukraine destabilizing the European energy economy, combined with the withdrawal from fossil fuels which has been going on for a dozen years, has strengthened activities to introduce new energy technologies based on renewable energy sources. One of the most promising and stable sources of renewable energy is geothermal energy, in particular enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) in hot dry rocks (HDR). These deposits occur at a great depth in

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Ikejiaku, Brian-Vincent. "Migration, Poverty, the Role of State, (International) Law and Development in the Industrialised Countries of Europe." Law and Development Review 14, no. 2 (2021): 465–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2021-0045.

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Abstract The current radical strategies by which there is, on one hand, an increasing European assistance to developing poor countries of Africa/Middle East and on the other hand, tightened border-security within Europe as a means to reduce migration from the South; may worsen the state of poverty in Europe, particularly on the immigrants and impact on the workforce in Europe with implication on development. Though, these strategies may sound radically appealing, they are however, unlikely to reduce migration flows to Europe. While there is still a “wide development gap” between the poor count

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Bokeriya, Svetlana A., Anna S. Davidchuk, Denis A. Degterev, et al. "Soviet Studies of Neocolonialism." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 22, no. 4 (2022): 671–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2022-22-4-671-687.

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The article reviews Soviet and East German studies of neocolonialism that have been translated into Russian. A total of more than 60 monographs on Western neocolonialism have been systematically studied and finally compiled into an electronic archive in preparation for this publication. Based on the materials of Soviet studies, the article presents the main features of Western neocolonialism, related both to political manoeuvres and the economic arsenal of the former metropolitan powers. A detailed analysis of the narratives used by Western countries to emphasize their proximity to the “Third

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Kamolov, S. G., and S. S. Glazyeva. "Smart Cities on the Agenda of Integration Associations." Journal of Law and Administration 16, no. 2 (2020): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2020-2-55-98-105.

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Introduction. The article gives an overview of integration associations’ policy for smart city development. The existing rates of urbanization and the growth of the economic weight of cities give rise to new challenges and opportunities, which for the developed integration associations can no longer be considered exclusively at local or national levels. Consequently, there is a growing demand from integration associations for the formation of common approaches to smart city management. The authors examine the efforts of the European Union and the Association of South East Asian Nations underta

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Shlykov, K. V. "Mikhail Gorbachev's First Visit to Britain: 30 Years on." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 2(35) (April 28, 2014): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-2-35-95-101.

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The article explores the significance of Mikhail Gorbachev's first journey to the UK in December 1984 for the East-West relations. The visit was initiated by Margaret Thatcher who wanted to get acquainted with the potential Soviet leader as she hoped to become a trusted intermediary between Moscow and Washington. The revitalization of contacts with the USSR was a part of Britain's resurgence as a major world player after the Falklands victory. The discussions in London focused on the issue of strategic stability, though they could only serve to give the parties a better understanding of each o

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Gribincea, Alexandru. "An Overview of the Further Demographic Situation and Economy in 2035." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 37-38 (December 12, 2018): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2018.37-38.80-87.

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The study of the situation in Europe and other countries in the context of demographic evolution, the forecast of economic development has shown that the population, structural migration and economies are closely correlated. The population and economy in the EU in the near future will undergo dramatic changes. In some developed, industrialized countries, the population grows slowly or stagnates, while in economically poor economies, birth rates are accelerating, and as healthcare increases, it will lead to a demographic explosion. In recent years, the EU population has grown by 507 million, wi

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Yungblyud, V., and D. Ilyin. "Trade-Economic and Scientific-Technical Relations Between the USA and the USSR during the Years of Detente." World Economy and International Relations 68, no. 5 (2024): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2024-68-5-125-141.

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The topic of cooperation between the USSR and the USA in the economic, scientific and technical fields during the years of detente in bilateral relations (1969–1979) has been developed by American and European historians, political scientists, economists and experts in international relations theory for 50 years. This review describes the main stages of evolution of the foreign historiography on this problem. The authors consider the development of trade relations, technological exchanges and cooperation in the field of science as a coherent whole due to their “multilayered nature” and cumulat

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ZAIATS, Tetyana, and Halyna KRAIEVSKA. "SOCIAL SERVICES FOR VULNERABLE GROUPS OF THE POPULATION IN TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF UKRAINE." Economy of Ukraine 2022, no. 3 (2022): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2022.03.057.

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Ukraine is at the stage of transition to decentralized system of social services for vulnerable groups of population, which should increase the activity of territorial communities in determining the need for these services on the ground, effective organization of their provision and planning, quality monitoring. Based on the decentralization of management, the necessary preconditions have been created to bring the social services system in line with European standards. The advantage of this system is the expansion of powers and capacities of local governments in providing social services for t

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Cocor, Ștefania-Teodora. "Negotiating with a declining power: The American – Soviet Diplomacy in the context of German reunification." Euro-Atlantic Studies 7, no. 2024 (2025): 67–110. https://doi.org/10.31178/eas.2024.7.3.

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The unexpected opening of the Berlin Wall on the evening of November 9, 1989, was a turning point in history, bringing the division of the Cold War to an end. Although the crumbling of the communist bloc seemed almost inevitable in the autumn of 1989, the reunification of Germany was still an outlying goal. But taking advantage of the opportunity that the wall's fall brought, the leaders of that time tried to accelerate history and bring German reunification to a fait accompli. The United States influenced the unification process through its effort to overcome the Allies’ suspicion of a reunit

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Kushnareva, Margarita D. "Historical portrait of Gavrila Nikiforov, a Yakut merchant of the 1 st guild." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 474 (2022): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/474/21.

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The article explores the economic, social and charitable activities of Gavrila Nikiforov, a Yakut merchant of the 1st guild. The aim of the publication is to recreate Nikiforov's historical portrait. Achieving this aim involves a wide use of archival sources, previously unpublished and not introduced into scholarly discourse. The topic has not been sufficiently studied in modern historiography of Siberia; it has scientific relevance and significance. The study of the key issue of the publication is based on the methodology of modernization and chronological, systemic, biographical methods. The

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Habchak, N. F., and L. F. Dubis. "Labour migration of the population of Ukraine to the countries of the European Union: factors and risks of influence." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 28, no. 1 (2019): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111907.

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Nowadays the migration of the population plays an important role in the development of a country, a region, a town and it is the result of socio-economic changes. The population of Ukraine and its regions is decreasing in recent years due to three main reasons: 1) the demographic crisis; 2) the activation of migration processes; 3) the military conflict in the east of the country. If the demographic component is a natural process that is covering European countries more than one year, then the others point out a lot of unfavorable factors that has been formed inside Ukraine and «push» the popu

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Donchenko, Svitlana, and Mykhailo Kalistratov. "A HISTORICAL VIEW OF UKRAINE'S ECONOMY DURING THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR." ECONOMIC BULLETIN OF THE DNIPROVSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 1(8) (June 20, 2024): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31319/2709-2879.2024iss1(8).306381pp22-26.

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Any state on whose territory a war of aggression is being waged, even if it has its own army and weapons, is forced to transfer its economy from a peaceful plan of work to a military one. During the war, enterprises, institutions, settlements are destroyed, people die. Forced evacuation of the population and enterprises. As a result of the destruction of jobs by the invaders, the state is forced to think about creating new enterprises with jobs for internally displaced persons, housing for them, pensions, medical care, education, etc.Accordingly, serious changes are taking place in Ukraine's e

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Blangiewicz, Maria, and Wojciech W. Charemza. "East European economic reform." Journal of Policy Modeling 23, no. 2 (2001): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-8938(00)00031-4.

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Blangiewicz, Maria, and Wojciech W. Charemza. "East European Economic Reform." Journal of Policy Modeling 21, no. 5 (1999): 535–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-8938(97)00075-6.

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Madziba, Nkobi. "Africa, an unintended collateral victim of Russia–Ukraine war: How will the war affect the continent’s fight against terrorism?" Inverge Journal of Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (2023): 17–31. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v2i1.9.

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This paper examined security problems brought about by Russia –Ukraine war to Africa and contends that nations ( which are either military aid donors or harbour companies and firms that produce and export military equipment ) involved in the war for different reasons and different magnitudes at some point will focus solely on Ukraine, with military aid from donor countries involved in the war becoming limited consequently leaving Africa-a continent that relies heavily on aid faced with a serious security challenge especially in the wake of rising terrorism not only in the continent but globall

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Bauer, Tamás. "Hungarian Economic Reform in East European Perspective." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 2, no. 3 (1988): 418–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325488002003002.

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Teichmann, Fabian, and Sonia Boticiu. "Corruption in eastern European judicial systems and its effects on proceedings in other countries." SEER 25, no. 2 (2022): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/1435-2869-2022-2-251.

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In the context of the provision of mutual legal assistance, prosecutors, judges and criminal defence lawyers are frequently confronted with criminal proceedings established in east European countries inside or outside the EU. For this reason, coercive measures are regularly requested and often even taken in western countries on the basis of these foreign proceedings. Allegations that proceedings in some east European countries have been manipulated, or even completely fabricated, have become increasingly common. So far, research and teaching have focused on politically motivated procedures, bu

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Orenstein, Mitchell A. "What Happened in East European (Political) Economies?" East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 23, no. 4 (2009): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325409342109.

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Assessing the results of neoliberal reform remains controversial even twenty years after 1989. While neoliberal reform programs appeared to have finally produced rapid economic growth in the 2000s after a long transitional recession, the 2008 global economic meltdown plunged Central and East European countries back into crisis. This article offers a mixed assessment of the results of neoliberal economic reforms and questions the easy compatibility of democracy and radical reform observed during the 1990s. Since the 2000s, both democratic and authoritarian countries in Eastern Europe have exper

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Konečný, Čestmír. "Zamyšlení nad jedním stabilizačním programem." Czech Journal of International Relations 27, no. 3 (1992): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/cjir.1374.

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Ners K., van Houwelinger A., Palmer M., Steel K. S.: „Moving Beyond Assistance“. Final Report of the IEWS Task Force on Western Assistance to Transition in the Czech and Slovak Republik, Hungary and Poland. Institute for East-West Studies, European Studies Center , New York, Prague, Štiřín, Warszaw, 1992, 80 stran.

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Utami, Putri, Denny Nurdiansyah, and Alif Yuanita Kartini. "IMPLEMENTATION OF MIXED GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION MODEL TO ANALYZE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE BUDGET IN EAST JAVA." Jurnal Statistika dan Aplikasinya 8, no. 2 (2024): 171–78. https://doi.org/10.21009/jsa.08204.

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Background - Social assistance (BANSOS) is aid provided by the government to low-income communities in the form of money, goods, or services. Understanding the allocation and influencing factors of social assistance in East Java is crucial for effective distribution. Mixed Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) combines global and local regression models to address spatial variability in the data. Purpose – This study aims to develop an MGWR model with a fixed kernel weighting function for the social assistance budget in East Java for 2022. The specific objectives are to identify factors af

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Rudner, Martin. "East European Aid to Asian Developing Countries: The Legacy of the Communist Era." Modern Asian Studies 30, no. 1 (1996): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00014062.

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One consequence of the democratization of Eastern Europe has been a sharp reduction in the provision of development assistance by the former Communist countries. At its high point in the mid-1980s, aid from Communist Eastern Europe to the developing countries is estimated to have peaked at between $516–537 million a year, supplementing Soviet aid of some $4–4.5 billion. Taken together, it is estimated that Soviet and East European Communist aid represented nearly 10% of total world Official Development Assistance (ODA) disbursements during that period. Following the political changes that wrou

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Andriani Zakariya, Novie. "Implementasi Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Pada Bantuan Modal Bergulir Jatim Makmur di Lembaga Filantropi Islam Baznaz Jatim." Journal of Islamic Management 2, no. 2 (2022): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/jim.v2i2.819.

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ekonomi masyarakat pada bantuan modal bergulir melalui program Jatim Makmur di Lembaga filantropi Islam Baznas Jatim. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui implementasi pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat pada bantuan modal bergulir melalui program Jatim Makmur di Lembaga filantropi Islam Baznas Jatim dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, yaitu: memberikan bantuan secara berjenjang, mensupport jika usahanya berkembang, saling menjaga hubungan antara amil dengan mustahik sebagai komunikasi, silaturohim, dan pengontrol usaha mustahik yang diberi bantuan modal

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Koslowski, Rey. "Market Institutions, East European Reform, and Economic Theory." Journal of Economic Issues 26, no. 3 (1992): 673–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.1992.11505326.

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