Academic literature on the topic 'East Indian Americans – Biography'

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Journal articles on the topic "East Indian Americans – Biography"

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Vdovychenko, H. V. "CULTURAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ORIGINS AND ATTITUDES OF THE EARLY WORKS OF P. TYCHYNA: "THE LAST SUPPER, GUILLOTINE DAYS"." UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, no. 2 (7) (2020): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2020.2(7).05.

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The article explores cultural and philosophical origins and attitudes of the early works of P. Tychyna, namely defining the ones events and phenomena of domestic and foreign ethnocultural and professional cultural life, cultural and philosophical ideas and teachings, as well as P. Tychyna's own cultural and philosophical views, revealed mainly in his poetry books of 1918 – 1924. One of the most important, but still little- known pages of the biography and ideological and artistic evolution of P. Tychyna is the formation during the first third of the twentieth century, fundamental for his entire life cultural and philosophical guidelines of early creativity. The study of this problem is closely connected with the long overdue need for unbiased systematic classification and consideration of the whole spectrum of cultural and philosophical sources and guidelines of ideological and artistic evolution of the poet of ideologically contradictory poems-myths of Ukrainian national renaissance and enslavement – "Golden Homin" as a sacred figure-symbol of modernism and, at the same time, social realism in Ukrainian literature, the most famous and, at the same time, the most criticized domestic artist-model of evaluative polarity of official and public myth-making in the USSR and, later, in Ukraine. In light of the assessment of the main achievements of tychynology, a cultural-philosophical-literary analysis of the three stages of the ideological and artistic evolution of P. Tychyna of this period was carried out. These stages are: 1. formation (Kyiv-Chernyhiv): 1906 – 1916; 2. creative rise and blossoming (Kyiv): 1917 – 1921; 3. decline and crisis (Kyiv-Kharkiv): 1922 – 1929. Two groups of origins of the poet's early works were examined. The first one is represented by domestic and foreign ethnocultures and consists of three subgroups of folklore: 1. Ukrainian; 2. foreign (of other Slavic peoples); 3. foreign, mainly of the peoples of the Near and Middle East (Armenian, Turkish and Indian). The second group is represented by domestic and foreign professional cultures, the last of which is divided into three subgroups: 1. Russian; 2. European and North American; 3. Eastern (the Near, Middle and Far East). P. Tychyna was a symbol and myth of modernism and Socialist realism in the literature and culture of the Ukrainian SSR, and the early stages of his cultural and philosophical credo's evolution from the neopagan-Christian Ukrainian national-patriotic myth to the national-communist pantheistic-materialistic cosmogony.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 62, no. 3-4 (1988): 165–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002043.

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-William Roseberry, Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Peasants and capital: Dominica in the world economy. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Johns Hopkins Studies in Atlantic History and Culture, 1988. xiv + 344 pp.-Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Robert A. Myers, Dominica. Oxford, Santa Barbara, Denver: Clio Press, World Bibliographic Series, volume 82. xxv + 190 pp.-Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Robert A. Myers, A resource guide to Dominica, 1493-1986. New Haven: Human Area Files, HRA Flex Books, Bibliography Series, 1987. 3 volumes. xxxv + 649.-Stephen D. Glazier, Colin G. Clarke, East Indians in a West Indian town: San Fernando, Trinidad, 1930-1970. London: Allen and Unwin, 1986 xiv + 193 pp.-Kevin A. Yelvington, M.G. Smith, Culture, race and class in the Commonwealth Caribbean. Foreword by Rex Nettleford. Mona: Department of Extra-Mural Studies, University of the West Indies, 1984. xiv + 163 pp.-Aart G. Broek, T.F. Smeulders, Papiamentu en onderwijs: veranderingen in beeld en betekenis van de volkstaal op Curacoa. (Utrecht Dissertation), 1987. 328 p. Privately published.-John Holm, Peter A. Roberts, West Indians and their language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988 vii + 215 pp.-Kean Gibson, Francis Byrne, Grammatical relations in a radical Creole: verb complementation in Saramaccan. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, Creole Language Library, vol. 3, 1987. xiv + 294 pp.-Peter L. Patrick, Pieter Muysken ,Substrata versus universals in Creole genesis. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, Creol Language Library - vol 1, 1986. 315 pp., Norval Smith (eds)-Jeffrey P. Williams, Glenn G. Gilbert, Pidgin and Creole languages: essays in memory of John E. Reinecke. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1987. x + 502 pp.-Samuel M. Wilson, C.N. Dubelaar, The petroglyphs in the Guianas and adjacent areas of Brazil and Venezuela: an inventory. With a comprehensive biography of South American and Antillean petroglyphs. Los Angeles: The Institute of Archaeology of the University of California, Los Angeles. Monumenta Archeologica 12, 1986. xi + 326 pp.-Gary Brana-Shute, Henk E. Chin ,Surinam: politics, economics, and society. London and New York: Francis Pinter, 1987. xvii, 192 pp., Hans Buddingh (eds)-Lester D. Langley, Howard J. Wiarda ,The communist challenge in the Caribbean and Central America. With E. Evans, J. Valenta and V. Valenta. Lanham, MD: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. xiv + 249 pp., Mark Falcoff (eds)-Forrest D. Colburn, Michael Kaufman, Jamaica under Manley: dilemmas of socialism and democracy. London, Toronto, Westport: Zed Books, Between the Lines and Lawrence Hill, 1985. xvi 282 pp.-Dale Tomich, Robert Miles, Capitalism and unfree labour: anomaly or necessity? London. New York: Tavistock Publications. 1987. 250 pp.-Robert Forster, Mederic-Louis-Elie Moreau de Saint-Mery, A civilization that perished: the last years of white colonial rule in Haiti. Translated, abridged and edited by Ivor D. Spencer. Lanham, New York, London: University Press of America, 1985. xviii + 295 pp.-Carolyn E. Fick, Robert Louis Stein, Léger Félicité Sonthonax: the lost sentinel of the Republic. Rutherford, Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press; London and Toronto: Associated University Press, 1985. 234 pp.
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Kekki, Saara. "Entangled Histories of Assimilation: Dillon S. Myer and the Relocation of Japanese Americans and Native Americans (1942–1953)." American Studies in Scandinavia 51, no. 2 (2019): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v51i2.5973.

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Dillon S. Myer (1891–1982) has been framed as the lone villain in incarcerating and dispersing the Japanese Americans during WWII (as director of the War Relocation Authority) and terminating and relocating Native American tribes in the 1950s (as Commissioner of Indian Affairs). This view is almost solely based on the 1987 biography Keeper of Concentration Camps: Dillon S. Myer and American Racism by Richard Drinnon. Little more has been written about Myer and his views, and a comprehensive comparison of the programs is yet to be published. This article compares the aims of the assimilation and relocation policies, especially through Myer’s public speeches. They paint a picture of a bureaucrat who was committed to his job, who held strongly onto the ideals of Americanization and assimilation, and who saw “mainstream” white American culture as something for all to strive after, but who was hardly an utter racist.
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Metcalf, Barbara D. "Narrating Lives: A Mughal Empress, A French Nabob, A Nationalist Muslim Intellectual." Journal of Asian Studies 54, no. 2 (1995): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2058747.

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With some exaggeration, one could claim that these three biographies, despite their disparate subjects—a seventeenth-century aristocratic lady of the Mughal court, an eighteenth-century French adventurer, and a twentieth-century Muslim intellectual and political figure—all tell the same story. In each case, a figure is born (as it happens, outside the Indian subcontinent) in relatively humble circumstances and emerges as a singular figure in some combination of the political, economic, intellectual life of the day. Each account proceeds chronologically, with the life presented as an unfolding, linear story, the fruit of “developments” and “influences,” in which the protagonist independently takes action. These accounts fit, in short, the genre of biography or autobiography known to us Americans from Benjamin Franklin to Malcolm X, of rags to riches—and, typically, lessons to impart (Ohmann 1970). Each is an example of the canonical form of male biography and autobiography that emerged in Europe from the eighteenth century.
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Deeb, Lilian, Srinavas Cheruvu, Adnan Muhammad, Depali Prasad, and C. S. Pitchumoni. "Ethnic Variations in Colonic Pathologies Observed in Asian-Indian Immigrants Compared to Caucasians, African-Americans and East Asians." American Journal of Gastroenterology 101 (September 2006): S220—S221. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-200609001-00524.

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Wolfram, Walt, and Clare Dannenberg. "Dialect Identity in a Tri-Ethnic Context." English World-Wide 20, no. 2 (1999): 179–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.20.2.01wol.

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This study examines the development of a Native American Indian variety of English in the context of a rural community in the American South where European Americans, African Americans and Native American Indians have lived together for a couple of centuries now. The Lumbee Native American Indians, the largest Native American group east of the Mississippi River and the largest group in the United States without reservation land, lost their ancestral language relatively early in their contact with outside groups, but they have carved out a unique English dialect niche which now distinguishes them from cohort European American and African American vernaculars. Processes of selective accommodation, differential language change and language innovation have operated to develop this distinct ethnic variety, while their cultural isolation and sense of "otherness" in a bi-polar racial setting have served to maintain its ethnic marking.
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Wadewitz, Lissa K. "Rethinking the “Indian War”: Northern Indians and Intra-Native Politics in the Western Canada-U.S. Borderlands." Western Historical Quarterly 50, no. 4 (2019): 339–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/whz096.

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Abstract The standard interpretation of Washington Territory’s “Indian War” of the mid-1850s is not only east-west in its orientation, it also leaves little room for Indian auxiliaries, let alone mercenaries-for-hire from the north Pacific coast. “Northern Indians” from what later became northwestern British Columbia and southeastern Alaska provided crucial productive, reproductive, and military labor for early Euro-American settlers. Because Coast Salish communities on both sides of the border had experienced decades of raids and conflicts with various groups of northern Indians by the 1850s, Euro-Americans’ hiring of northern Indians in particular illustrates the importance of intra-Indian geopolitics to subsequent events. When placed in this larger context, the “Indian War” of 1855–56 in western Washington must be seen as part of a longer continuum of disputes involving distant Native groups, intra-Indian negotiations, and forms of Indigenous diplomacy. A closer look at how the key players involved attempted to manipulate these connections for their own purposes complicates our understandings of the military conflicts of the mid-1850s and reveals the significance of evolving Native-newcomer and intra-Indian relations in this transformative decade.
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Amin, Yasmin. "Histories of the Middle East." American Journal of Islam and Society 29, no. 4 (2012): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v29i4.1187.

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This collection of papers, presented at a Princeton University conference heldin May 2008, opens with an extensive bibliography of Abraham L. Udovitch’sworks and a preface detailing his scholarship on the medieval Islamic world’seconomic institutions, social structure, legal theory, and practices. The prefacealso highlights Udovitch’s role and scholarly contributions, prolific publicationsand international academic collaboration, his respect for interdisciplinaryexamination and combination of various methods, as well as the diversity ofhis intellectual pursuits and teachings. The editors praise his visionary approachof focusing on seemingly unconnected texts to uncover the past, suchas combining normative legal texts with narratives from diverse sources andgenres. His students, as demonstrated in this volume, have adopted these methods.Udovitch’s role in changing the writing of medieval Islamic history islauded, as is his encouragement to explore new techniques and methodologiesas well as his attention to the human experience within history.Mark Cohen, whose introduction examines Udovitch’s many roles (viz.,scholar, leading historian, activist, and teacher) provides a biography focusedon the professor’s life and projects. The nine essays, loosely grouped into fourunmarked categories, discuss the main areas of Udovitch’s interests: (1) “EconomicHistory” highlights the intersections between the legal theory of commerceand the commercial practices of institutions. It includes contributionsby Petra Sijpesteijn and Michael Bonner; (2) “Social History” relates economicand social actions, underlines their thematic and methodological commonalities,and comprises essays by Adam Sabra and Jonathan Berkey; (3)“Mediterranean and Indian Ocean” deals with “Middle Eastern History in itsGeographic contexts” and coalesces around what has been termed Udovitch’s“Mediterraneanist” concerns, namely, interdenominational relations and negotiationsbridging the gap between “rigid principles and supple accommodation.”This includes contributions by Olivia Remie Constable, YossefRapaport, and Hassan Khalilieh; and (4) “Urbanism,” the study of cities assites of economic exchanges and interactions between individuals and groups,combining legal, political, ideological, and intellectual dimensions to formthe realities of daily life. This includes two contributions by Boaz Shoshanand Roxani Margariti ...
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Khalidi, Omar. "Ethnic Groups and U.S. Foreign Policy." American Journal of Islam and Society 6, no. 1 (1989): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v6i1.2700.

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Collections of essays or articles do not often get reviewed in scholarlyjournals. One reason why these books are bypassed by reviewers is the absenceof a running theme in the volumes. The book under review fortunately doeshave a connecting theme: the efforts of various ethnic Americans to influenceforeign policy on behalf of countries or commuruties. The examples mostfamiliar to political scientists are those of Jewish Americans for Israel andAfro-Americans for South African Blacks. Three contributors focus on theMiddle East, two on central America, and one each on South Africa, PoJand,and Ireland. The major conclusion of the book seems to be that cohesiveethnic groups canvassing on behalf of single countries (Jews for Israel) arelikely to be most successful, whereas Arab Americans or Blacks trying toinfluence U.S. foreign policy on a whole block of countries in the MiddleEast or Africa are less likely to be successful. The editor, Mohammad Ahrari,has written a very insightful conclusion, and. as with his other books (OPEC,the Failing Giant, and The Dynamics of Oil Diplomacy) has broken new groundin the emerging field of ethnic influences on foreign policies. One hopesthat he will be able to give attention to the cases of lobbies like those ofthe Greeks, Armenians, Sikhs and Asian Indian Muslims settled in America ...
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Neves, Walter A., Joseph F. Powell, Andre Prous, Erik G. Ozolins, and Max Blum. "Lapa vermelha IV Hominid 1: morphological affinities of the earliest known American." Genetics and Molecular Biology 22, no. 4 (1999): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47571999000400001.

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Several studies concerning the extra-continental morphological affinities of Paleo-Indian skeletons, carried out independently in South and North America, have indicated that the Americas were first occupied by non-Mongoloids that made their way to the New World through the Bering Strait in ancient times. The first South Americans show a clear resemblance to modern South Pacific and African populations, while the first North Americans seem to be at an unresolved morphological position between modern South Pacific and Europeans. In none of these analyses the first Americans show any resemblance to either northeast Asians or modern native Americans. So far, these studies have included affirmed and putative early skeletons thought to date between 8,000 and 10,000 years B.P. In this work the extra-continental morphological affinities of a Paleo-Indian skeleton well dated between 11,000 and 11,500 years B.P. (Lapa Vermelha IV Hominid 1, or "Luzia") is investigated, using as comparative samples Howells' (1989) world-wide modern series and Habgood's (1985) Old World Late Pleistocene fossil hominids. The comparison between Lapa Vermelha IV Hominid 1 and Howells' series was based on canonical variate analysis, including 45 size-corrected craniometric variables, while the comparison with fossil hominids was based on principal component analysis, including 16 size-corrected variables. In the first case, Lapa Vermelha IV Hominid 1 exhibited an undisputed morphological affinity firstly with Africans and secondly with South Pacific populations. In the second comparison, the earliest known American skeleton had its closest similarities with early Australians, Zhoukoudian Upper Cave 103, and Taforalt 18. The results obtained clearly confirm the idea that the Americas were first colonized by a generalized Homo sapiens population which inhabited East Asia in the Late Pleistocene, before the definition of the classic Mongoloid morphology.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "East Indian Americans – Biography"

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Pathak, Archana A. "To be Indian (hyphen) American : communicating diaspora, identity and home /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1998.

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Kulanjiyil, Thomaskutty I. "Culture and psychology understanding Indian culture and its implications for counseling Asian Indian immigrants in the United States /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.

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Lambha, Meenakshi Brestan Elizabeth V. "Reports of child conduct problems and parenting styles among Asian Indian mothers in the United States." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/LAMBHA_MEENAKSHI_56.pdf.

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Matthew, Mulamootil Ronnie Bolls Paul David. "Model ethnicity and product class involvement white Americans' attitude toward advertisements featuring Asian-Indian models /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4958.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on September 14, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Paul Bolls. Includes bibliographical references.
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Updike, Ann Sutton. "Materiality Matters: Constructing a Rhetorical Biography of Plains Indian Pictography." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1416670234.

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Bhatt, Pooja. "Differentiation of self and marital adjustment within the Asian Indian American population." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001bhattp.pdf.

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Soni, Sonal H. "Negotiating the self an exploratory study on the gender identity formation of second-generation Asian Indian American women : a project based upon an independent investigation /." Click here for text online. Smith College School for Social Work website, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/1015.

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Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2007<br>Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Social Work. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-80).
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Biswas, Paromita. "Colonial displacements nationalist longing and identity among early Indian intellectuals in the United States /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1680042161&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Henry, Beulah. "L'expression de l'indianité chez les écrivains de la diaspora indienne de la Caraïbe." Villeneuve d'Asq : Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/48112513.html.

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Shimray, Edward W. "Developing a cross-cultural relational evangelism training program in an Asian Indian mission church." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.

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Books on the topic "East Indian Americans – Biography"

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Indian Americans. Mason Crest Publishers, 2008.

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Dorai, Gopal. From Vilayur to Baltimore: A lifelong journey of learning & discovery. Heritage Special Edition, American Literary Press, 2008.

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Pradhan, Sachindra N. India in the United States: Contributions of India & Indians in the United States of America. SP Press International, 1996.

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Pōḷ, Tōmas. Ōrmmattirakaḷ: Oru mukkuvant̲e ātmakatha. Kar̲ant̲ Buks, 2012.

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Tripathy, Ghana Shyam. Best of two worlds. G.S. Tripathy, 1997.

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Straight from the heart: From India to Britain to USA and Canada : an immigrant's story biography of Dr Harvinder Sahota famous cardiologist. India Empire Publications, 2017.

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Patel, Kusum. A passage from India: Notes to my grandchildren. Pennysaver Press, 1998.

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Adversity is temporary: An autobiography. 3rd ed. N. Henry, 2008.

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Kulkarni, Saroj Gopal. Saris and soap operas. Red Engine Press, 2015.

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Singh, Surjit. From Punjab to New York: A reflective journey. A.P.H. Pub. Corp., 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "East Indian Americans – Biography"

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García, Mario T. "Organizing the Barrio." In Father Luis Olivares a Biography. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643311.003.0006.

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This chapter concerns the establishment of a community organization in East Los Angeles aimed at empowering Mexican Americans. This was the United Neighborhoods Organization or UNO. Fr. Olivares from his parish in the barrio welcomed it and quickly became one of its key leaders. This chapter discusses the nature of UNO and its philosophy and strategies of organizing as a faith-based organization.
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Pretty, Jules. "September." In The East Country. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501709333.003.0009.

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This chapter details the east country in September. Mist was in the valley, every field in fog, and westerly gales brought drenching rain. Showery rain spotted paving, then an Indian summer shone inside the whole valley. Indian summer was a term used in rural New York in the 1770s, thus derived from Native Americans rather than the East Indies. On this continent, it was long a St. Luke's or St. Martin's summer, the latter for sun as late as November. It was autumn, yet still in flower were mallow and harebell, yarrow and white campion, and hawkweed and buttercup. High in hedge were rose hip and haw, wild damson, and blue-black sloe. The chapter then focuses on farms and farm identities.
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Frymer, Paul. "“Advancing Compactly as We Multiply”." In Building an American Empire. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691166056.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the final decades of American policy toward incorporation of lands east of the Mississippi. It first considers the federal government's continuation of land and expansion policies under the Jeffersonian Republicans from 1800 to the mid-1820s before discussing the federal government's initial incursions into the lands purchased from the French, especially Orleans Territory that became the state of Louisiana. It then explores how the addition of Louisiana, and its French settlers who were actively involved in the slave trade, exacerbated existing national debates over slavery. It also looks at the role of judges and courts of law in privileging the rights of settlers in their claims against both Native Americans and the federal government. Finally, it analyzes the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830 and its enforcement, with emphasis on the politics of removals of Native Americans.
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Worster, Donald. "The Kingdom, the Power, and the Water." In Wealth of Nature. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195092646.003.0012.

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Among the truly outstanding books written in this century about the American frontier—and the shelf of such books is rather small—is Great Basin Kingdom by Leonard J. Arrington, published in 1958. When it appeared, it had only a few rivals either in scholarship or ideas. There was Henry Nash Smith’s work on the West as symbol and myth, Bernard DeVoto’s vigorous account of explorers and imperialists, Paul Morgan’s saga of the Rio Grande valley, Wallace Stegner’s biography of John Wesley Powell, and Walter Prescott Webb’s sweeping survey of Europeans on the global frontier. All of those books appeared in the 1950s within a few years of each other. All were well researched and brilliantly written, in many cases by accomplished novelists whose talents in creating plot and character recruited a wide audience for frontier and western history. Arrington’s study of the Mormon frontier was different from the others in that it was the work of an economic and social historian who was interested in how institutions took shape in one small part of the West and how they differed from those in other parts of the region and in the East. Like the other historians, he gave his story a compelling plot and filled it with arresting, complex characters; but for him the chief interest was how a vague, half-articulated set of ideas had migrated to Utah and taken shape there as a thriving, distinctive economic order. Better than any of his contemporaries, moreover, and better than most of his successors, he understood how powerful the drives of capitalism had been in developing the West, how thoroughly those drives had entered into the region’s overall sense of purpose, and how fiercely the battle had been waged, at least in Utah, to prevent that from happening. As romance, his story may not have been able to compete with DeVoto’s lusty adventurers or Morgan’s brown-robed padres preaching among the Indians, but in its implications it may have been the most important story of all. Arrington’s thesis was that nineteenth-century Mormon Utah was at once an intensely materialistic society, intent on achieving wealth, and a determinedly anti-capitalistic one.
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Hamblin, Jacob Darwin. "Nuclear Mosques and Monuments." In The Wretched Atom. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197526903.003.0008.

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After the Indian nuclear test and the oil crisis of the mid-1970s, North Americans and Europeans exerted leverage through the very technologies that represented power, might, and independence—not the vague promises of technical assistance programs but direct aid in advanced equipment such as fighter planes, tanks, and missiles. Still, nuclear reactors had become symbols of power in South Asia and the Middle East, and numerous governments financed ambitious nuclear programs—many of them with clandestine bomb programs. Despite the risks of weapons proliferation, it seemed clear to US and European governments that encouraging nuclear infrastructure, by promising a cornucopian future, was a clear path forward in regaining control of the world’s natural resources and reasserting leverage in a changing geopolitical landscape.
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Gordon, Robert B. "Resources Discovered." In A Landscape Transformed. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128185.003.0005.

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The adventurers who entered Connecticut’s Western Lands in 1730 I began ironmaking more than a hundred years after colonists first exploited the ore and fuel resources of British North America. The early colonists who set about making iron for export met with ill fortune: in 1621 Indians massacred the artisans who had just completed a furnace and forge at Falling Creek, Virginia. Scarce capital, inadequate skills, and poor transatlantic communication bankrupted the proprietors of the Saugus, Massachusetts, and New Haven, Connecticut, ironworks by 1675. When King George I got Parliament to restrain trade between England and Sweden in 1717, British manufacturers, cut off from their supplies of Scandinavian iron, began investing in American forges and furnaces. Conclusion of the seventeenth-century Indian wars had left large areas rich in timber and ore along the east coast safe for industry. New immigrants, primarily from Britain and Germany, brought their metallurgical skills to America, and colonists supported by British investors built ironworks first in Maryland and then in Pennsylvania, Virginia, and New Jersey, to produce metal for the export market. Americans in the Middle Atlantic colonies made enough iron by 1750 to provoke British regulation of their trade. The colonists made themselves the world’s third-largest iron producers by 1775 and, despite the predominance of agriculture, had firmly established industry in British North America. New Englanders lagged behind the Middle Atlantic colonists in ironmaking. Artisans from the failed Saugus works in Massachusetts slowly reestablished smelting on a small scale and by 1730 were building new works in the southeastern part of their colony. In New York, Robert Livingston had by 1685 gained control of an enormous manor adjacent to northwestern Connecticut. In 1730 he wanted to add iron to his manor’s products so that he could ship metal down the Hudson River to colonial and overseas customers. However, neither Livingston nor the Massachusetts ironmakers had anything like the high-grade ore resources discovered by the adventurers in Connecticut’s Western Lands. Fifty-two years after English colonists established themselves in Connecticut, James II sent Edmund Andros to British North America to set up a unified government over the New England colonies.
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