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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'East London'
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O'Keefe, B. "Hindu family life in east London." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484110.
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Klineberg, Emily. "Self-harm in East London adolescents." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/521.
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The prevalence of adolescent self-harm is higher in the community compared with self-harm monitored through service use, as only a minority of young people seek help. There has been limited longitudinal community-based research on adolescent self-harm, particularly in ethnic minorities. This research aimed to explore self-harm in an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents, with particular focus on social and psychological factors. Two studies were conducted with a sample of East London adolescents to examine the prevalence, risk and protective factors for self-harm, and to explore how young people talk about self-harm. The first involved analysis of longitudinal data from Phases 2 and 3 of RELACHS, a school-based study on adolescent health. In Phase 3, 1023 participants aged15-16 completed self-report surveys. The second, qualitative study explored self-harm in the context of East London adolescent life. Thirty interviews were conducted with 15-16 year olds, 20 of whom had self-harmed. The 12 month prevalence of self-harm was 10.6% for girls and 3.4% for boys (7.3% in total). Regression analysis showed self-harm was strongly associated with current and previous depressive symptoms, conduct problems, low support from family, low parental warmth and high maternal strictness. Relationships with borderline psychological distress indicate that self-harm is not limited to those with serious mental health problems. The qualitative study showed that definitions and experiences of self-harm varied. It was viewed as difficult to comprehend by those who had never done it, and also some who had. Many participants were hesitant to identify themselves as having self-harmed and explained reluctance to disclose self-harm to others. The qualitative study showed no evidence that self-harm was more acceptable in any ethnic group. However, for some, family and cultural restrictions exacerbated other stressors. The results of these two studies complement each other, providing further insight into self-harm in East London adolescents. Findings could inform the development of an intervention about self-harm and emotional well being for adolescents.
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Murphy, Elaine. "The administration of insanity in East London." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508854.
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Gidley, Ben. "Citizenship and belonging : East London Jewish radicals." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2003. http://research.gold.ac.uk/11852/.
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This thesis is about citizenship and belonging: how citizenship has articulated with or against different forms, practices and spaces of belonging. It examines Jewish East London in the period from 1903 to the end of the First World War and is based on original archival research. It argues that this period saw the emergence of a new form of racialized biopolitical citizenship, which was normalized in the "state of emergency" that was the war. This citizenship was framed by the imperial context, was based on singular 1e1it her/or" identities and was defined against the figure of alien. The thesis also argues that, in the same period, an alternative space of political belonging existed in East London, based on different forms of political rationality and threaded through with multiple loyalties and identifications, that challenged the either/or logic of the nation-state. Consequently, Jewish radicals who operated in this alternative public sphere developed understandings of political belonging which cut against the grain of the nation-state, and thus offer resources for thinking about citizenship today. The thesis seeks to unsettle some of the conventional languages of citizenship and political belonging by historicizing them: by concentrating on the specific way in which modern citizenship emerged in imperial Britain, and on the material processes by which this citizenship was policed and mapped. The thesis examines a series of different spaces and scales of political belonging. It attempts to keep in focus regimes of visibility, subjectification and governmentality that produce these spaces and the practices of belonging and cultural traditions that wove through them.
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Bajaj, Yogesh. "Causes of deafness in East London Bangladeshi children." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444066/.
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The aim of this study was to examine the causes of sensorineural hearing loss in the Bangladeshi population resident in East London. Almost all of this population originates from Sylhet, a province in Bangladesh. The study was conducted at a community based audiology clinic and tertiary level genetics department. One hundred and fifteen families (134 patients) were ascertained 11 families declined to participate and 4 families could not be contacted. All children of Bangladeshi ethnic origin with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss more than 40dB in the better hearing ear were included in this study. Information on all these patients was collected from their case notes. For the 67 patients in whom the cause of deafness was not clear from the records or unknown (or non- syndromic deafness), families were seen in the research clinic. The prevalence of deafness >40db in Bangladeshi children under 16 years of age in East London was calculated to be approximately 3.86 per 1000 (95%CI: 3.24, 4.47). This is nearly 2.3 times the national average. Parents were consanguineous in 35 out of 105 families (33.3%) in which this information was available. On calculating the prevalence of deafness in the Bangladeshi children belonging to non-consanguineous families, the prevalence falls to 2.72 per 1000 (95%CI: 2.10, 3.34). Genetic causes appear to be the most common cause of deafness in Bangladeshi population in 59.6% patients. Environmental causes were responsible for hearing loss in 18.5% patients and in 21.8% cases the cause of deafness was undetermined. Of the deafness due to genetic causes, 57.7% were non-syndromic, 25.3% syndromic and 16.9% were chromosomal. The single most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss in the Bangladeshi population in this study was due to mutations in the GJB2 gene (Connexin 26) in 14 of these families. The mutations in GJB2 in this population were W24X, IVS1 + 1G->A, M1V, V95M and W77X. W24X was the most common mutation seen in 40% (8/20) patients. Genetic causes are the common cause of deafness in subjects of Bangladeshi origin and 29.8% children with non-syndromic deafness were positive for mutations in GJB2.
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Pettit, Katy. "The food culture of East London 1880-1914." Thesis, University of East London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532985.
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This thesis offers a re-reading of the cultural history of East London's working class by focusing on the culture of food. During the 19th century, published reports by philanthropists and investigative journalists such as Jack London (People of the Abyss) tended to portray the East End as a locus of deprivation and immorality where starvation was rife, food was substandard, and ignorance perpetuated a poor diet. Challenges to such perspectives went largely overlooked, and the myth of the bad East End was consolidated. Academic and popular historians such as William Fishman (East End 1888) and Ellen Ross (Love and Toil: motherhood in outcast London, 1870-1912) have continued since then to foreground crime, destitution and the outcast minority. In contrast this study presents a more contradictory and nuanced history of East London's culture. It explores elements of middle- and upper-working class food preparation and consumption practices, cultures of knowledge, and attitudes towards nutrition. It draws on diverse sources such as oral history, local newspapers, personal photographs and scrapbooks, shop records, minutes of meetings, and a child's exercise book. Through these means it makes the case that a sufficient and comprehensive food culture existed both at home and in public spaces in East London. Working-class people sought to expand their knowledge about food and cooking from school and college cookery lessons, public lectures and demonstrations. Furthermore, awareness of food was integral to East End culture; born of economic necessity and shaped by custom, organic knowledge about food was nurtured by the culture's permeable boundaries between public and private, leisure and labour, and production and consumption. Using the Report of the Inter-Departmental Committee on Physical Deterioration of 1904 as a case study, this work explores the broader issue of food within the context of changing conceptions of nutrition. Thus a more inclusive version of East London's history can be offered through an understanding of food culture.
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Ladokun, Ayodele Olanrewaju. "Geographies of juvenile crime: a study of crime in selected high schools in East London, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/345.
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Youth crime has been and still is a social problem in South Africa. It is a problem that shakes the very fabric of the society. The problem with the youth in modern society is both a national concern and an important subject for academic study. High school environments are where youths converge for learning purposes, but they have also turned to hotspots for crime. Different theories on explanations for high school crime have been developed over time. This particular study, conducted in 2008, adopts the criminal opportunity theory to study the social, economic and the demographic characteristics of selected environments in which high schools are located to determine significant factors that are conducive for high schools to be crime hotspots. Three schools were selected in different neighbourhoods in East London for the study. The study used an intensive case design technique to conduct the research. Different characteristics of the communities in which the schools that were studied were located showed different crime pattern. The Law enforcement agencies also realize these differences and they try to address crime issues in various communities in the study areas individually
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Satyi, Nosisi Kaya. "An investigation of local economic development and income security in the Eastern Cape : the case of Amathole District Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020130.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the Local Economic Development Projects (LED) in relation to Income Security. It can be argued that LED is one intervention, which can be used to create jobs and eradicate poverty at a given locality. LED has been regarded as an approach towards economic development and growth whereby local people are encouraged to work in collaboration in order to achieve sustainable economic growth, bringing economic benefits and improved quality of life for all community members in in a specific municipal area.
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Tankard, Keith Peter Tempest. "The development of East London through four decades of municipal control, 1873-1914." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002413.
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This thesis is a study in Urban History which explores the development of East London, a port in the Border region of the Eastern Cape, South Africa, through four decades of municipal control from 1873 to 1914. The town had been established in 1847 as a supply route for the British forces during the War of the Axe (7th Frontier War) but the frontier nature of the port led to economic and physical stagnation during its initial 25 years of existence. Indeed, by the time that the municipality was established in 1873, there were still no streets beyond cart tracks, no established water supply, and sanitary conditions were medieval. The Town Council therefore had much to occupy its attention but lack of positive leadership resulted in failure to capitalise on prosperous economic conditions, while a depression in the 1880's led to a further truncation of growth. It was only in the 1890's that a combination of economic growth and vibrant leadership brought about rapid civic advance, with large-scale expenditure on street construction, as well as the establishment of electricity and a tramway system. The outbreak of the Anglo-Boer War in 1899 slowed progress, however, and a post-war depression placed renewed stress on the municipality. The thesis examines the progress of the town on a broad front, dealing with the issues of economic fluctuations, the growth of the harbour as the heart of the trading sector, the physical advance of the municipality, the search for a viable water supply, the evolution of public health and sanitation, and the establishment of the port as a coastal resort. In addition, it studies the conflict of social attitudes among the townspeople, the evolution of racial segregation, and the effects of the Anglo-Boer War on the town, with the influx of some 5 000 Uitlander refugees and the establishment of a Boer concentration camp. A final chapter attempts an analysis of the reasons behind the Town Council's inability to make the best use of its opportunities to foster the development of East London.
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Amner, Roderick John. "Deliberating the Dialogues: a critical examination of the nature and purpose of a Daily Dispatch public journalism project." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002870.
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This thesis critically examines the nature and purpose of a series of four town-hall-like meetings, the Community Dialogues, held in the townships and suburbs of East London, South Africa, in 2009. They were undertaken by a mainstream, commercial newspaper, the Daily Dispatch, under the banner of the worldwide public journalism movement. Following Christians et al (2009), the thesis sets out a normative framework of media performance in a democracy, including a detailed and critical normative theory of the ‘facilitative role’ proposed and developed by Haas (2007), one of the public journalism movement’s key advocate-theorists. It also draws on a variety of theoretical frameworks and perspectives in the fields of Political Studies and Media Studies to provide an analytical overview of the complex matrix of political and media contexts – at the macro (global), meso (national) and micro (local) levels – that have helped give impetus to the Community Dialogues and also shaped their ongoing operation as a public journalism strategy in the South African context. Following a critical realist case study design, the thesis goes on to provide a narrative account of the Dialogues based on in-depth interviews exploring the motivations, self-understandings and perceptions of those journalists who originated, directed and participated in this project, as well as observation of a Community Dialogue, and an examination of some of the journalistic texts related to the Dialogues. This primary data is then critically evaluated against normative theories of press performance, especially Haas’s ‘public philosophy’ of public journalism. The thesis found that apart from their undoubted success in generating a more comprehensive and representative news agenda for the newspaper, the Dialogues often fell short of Habermas’s (1989) proceduralist-discursive notion of the ‘deliberating public’, which sees citizens share a commitment to engage in common deliberation and public problem solving. This can be attributed to a number of problems, including some important theoretical/conceptual weaknesses in the Community Dialogues’ project design, the relative immaturity of the project, the domination of civil society by political society in the South African political context, and a number of organisational constraints at the Daily Dispatch. On the other hand, the newspaper’s editorial leadership has shown clear commitment to the idea of expanding the project in the future, establishing a more a more structured programme of community engagement, and nurturing a more sustainable public sphere, including the building of a more dialectical relationship between the Dialogues and civil society.
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Bhe, Ntomboxolo Grace. "Land restitution policy in old West Bank location, East London." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14620.
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This thesis summarises research on the implementation of land restitution policy in the old West Bank Location, in East London. Apartheid legislation dispossessed many Black people of their land. After 1994, the new democratic government implemented a land reform programme, land policy was reviewed, and people were compensated for the loss of land either financially or through restoration of their land. The original cut-off date for claims was 1998, but the window for claims was reopened in July 2014 because of difficulties in implementation. The period for the lodging of claims was extended to end June 2019 to allow people who had not yet been able to do so to participate in the process. In case of the old West Bank Location claims, compensation was in the form of land restoration, including houses which would be built for the claimants. This study documents the successes and challenges encountered in the implementation of land policy in the old West Bank Location. Triangulation of methods was used: data were collected from documents, interviews with claimants, interviews with government officials, and observation of meetings. Recommendations with regard to land policy are made on the basis of the research findings.
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Ntakana, Khululekani. "Urban resilience determinants with specific reference to the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, East London." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19495.
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The year 1994 marked the dawn of the new democratic South Africa, bringing its own set of challenges to the country. Currently urban areas cover only one and a half percent of South Africa’s surface area. However, sixty one percent of South Africans live in urban areas. Furthermore, the average growth rate for urban areas has been consistently higher than the population growth rate during the period from 1998 to 2008. This resulted in larger towns and cities, growing at the expense of rural areas, with metropolitan areas experiencing the highest influx, followed by secondary cities. However, urban areas consume more water, food, energy, and durable goods, and have an impact far beyond the urban boundaries. This directly relates to urban decline. The rapid influx of people into urban areas that are already overcrowded with large service delivery backlogs, has led to the formation of informal settlements in exposed locations. Many of the informal dwellings in South Africa are subjected to environmental factors. The absence of basic services in overcrowded areas is linked to negative health outcomes and enhanced environmental degradation. This study is a critical review of a phenomenon named urban resilience. The report seeks to highlight the current status in cities and the transformation that cities need to undergo to enable them to become the cities of tomorrow. Indeed, “sustainable future cities and human settlements begin today”. The paper raises arguments on urban resilience by different theorists, philosophers, academics and scholars. The study proceeds to unpack the urban resilience determinants. Furthermore, the challenges cites will experience in responding to rapid urbanisation and their denial attitude to informal settlement and environmental degradation, which include how cities respond to climate change, are under investigation . The purpose of the study is to share the theoretical framework relative to the urban resilience determinants, with the intention to solicit criticism on gaps and blind spots. This is done with specific reference to Buffalo City Municipality. This study aims to contribute to the goals of municipalities by improving understanding of the drivers of urban resilience. This will, in turn, enable a city system to withstand and recover quickly from multiple and diverse shocks and stresses, and improve its performance over time. However, this study was conducted within a qualitative paradigm. The study followed a non-probability sampling technique. Categories of data sources were identified based on their probability to hold information that is crucial to the study. For each category, this study followed a 50 + 1 rule for sampling size when the population of the data sources were identified and access gained. he statistical software (SPSS) supported by a qualified statistician was used to analyse data qualitatively in attempt to answer the research question.
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Makhanya, Leroy Ayanda. "Livelihood strategies and service delivery in informal settlements in Buffalo City Municipality since 1994." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011854.
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Service delivery and livelihood strategies in informal settlements‟ have been below par as communities find it hard to maintain a suitable standard of living. The provision of basic services, also social and economic upliftment initiatives to the community are very important in transforming Duncan Village: C-Section into a sustainable human settlement. The study analyses the level of service delivery and livelihoods, in-order to meet the required level of service delivery needed to meet the needs of the people in C-Section. Municipal plan(s) such as the Duncan Village Redevelopment Initiative have been adopted by the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality with the relevant government, private and public stakeholders onboard. The study involved qualitative and qualitative research methods with interviews, plans and policies being used to investigate the key aims and objectives. The lack of funding and the right number of staff (officials) has had implication on the efficient delivery of services, with the density and the terrain of the study also adding on the challenges facing the delivery of infrastructural service. Inward migration has also had a negative impact on service deliver efforts and this problem needs to be addressed by implementing better regional planning. Data collected also highlights a low literacy level within the community which limits peoples‟ participation and access economic activities which adversely affects their livelihoods. The study suggests that for better service delivery there needs to be better constructed business plans to sort out funding for projects for the area and the municipality has to also invest in the number of official needed to improve or better service delivery. An all round strategy needs to be adopted to improve all facets of life for the people in the study and the settlement as a whole with an aim of livelihood improvements.
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Mahwehwe, Christopher. "Legionella risk management in business firms within the East London and border areas of the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011817.
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The pace at which change is occurring in the life of human beings, due to technological advancement, could be described as logarithmic. This fast-paced change is not just of consequence to the individual, but to countries, governments, companies, big and small systems like villages and sports clubs and the like, as well. This study case was inspired by the fact that what was a little-known threat yesterday, could suddenly become a crippling matter. It is, therefore, critical for individuals and businesses to consider risk not just in the usual context but with an open mind. This is especially true for systems in the Third World or developing nations where evolutionary stages of advancement and development are known to have been skipped due to forced or influenced adoption by the advanced or First World dictates. An example is the adoption of Carbon Emission Minimisa tion Pacts that have also been mooted for developing nations, even though their participation in causing the past Industrial Revolution pollution was minimal. A small operation in the Eastern Cape may, today, see no need to attract an overseas customer, not realising that the local customer may enter a merger or be bought out by an international organisation which would demand international protocols on the local supplier. Such is the risk with Globalisation. Local businesses should embrace global competitive practices for sustainability in the global business arena that is surely upon the business place today and the short term. South African businesses are no longer protected by the country borders, or the government and political systems such as the apartheid-born sanctions and tariff regimes. The objective of this study of Legionella bacteria risk management by business firms in the Eastern Cape (East London and Border Areas) is to obtain an insight into how they fare on one of the risks that, in Europe, is legislated and, in many parts of the First World, is regarded as fundamental. Beside the globalisation issues mentioned above, the South African workforce has been noted as highly affected by HIV and TB, which are symptomatic of people susceptible to Legionnaire‟s Disease. The high cost and skills shortage in the South African industry demand great care in order to prevent further loss, due to sick absenteeism or the death of workers. The study included a comprehensive literature review of issues around Legionella bacteria in industrial operations and how ill effects could be prevented and managed. A questionnaire was then drawn up and used to check for awareness, capability and ascertain what motivational factors could influence Legionella risk management by businesses in the geographical study area. All businesses with facilities utilising water cooling towers, safety showers, waste water treatment plants, humidifier air conditioning and water fountains, were presented with the questionnaire. A 56 percent return was achieved and responses were processed and analysed using Microsoft Excel on a Windows XP computer package. The findings showed that there was a poor awareness of Legionella bacteria and the risk they posed, a factor that may be used to explain the poor questionnaire returns. The capability assessment also showed a weak status. Legislation, proof of outbreak and fines were determined as effective would-be motivators for full Legionella risk management. The study concluded with recommendations for awareness programmes by interested bodies like the Legionella Action Group, Department of Labour and companies providing Legionella consulting services. While legislation and, therefore, fines, were not yet applied in South Africa, the drive for employee and community welfare should be adequate motivating factors for businesses to manage Legionella risk. Foreign capital inflow into the South African economy was also a factor that should be considered by businesses that looked to expand and need to access these funds through mergers or acquisitions. These funds would require financial as well as technical audits that show adequate risk protection.
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Fakir, Kiran. "The use of competitive intelligence in the sustainability of SMMEs in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15182.
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The Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM), situated in the second largest province in South Africa, the Eastern Cape, is an unfortunate victim of low economic development and high unemployment. The South African Government, through the Department of Trade and Industry, identified the need for SMMEs to address these issues with the inception of the White Paper on National Strategy for the Development and Promotion of Small Business in South Africa over 20 years ago. SMMEs in South Africa are noted to have a failure rate of around 70% which does not bode well for the efforts to improve economic development and reduce unemployment through SMMEs. This research sets out to determine the significance of variables such as human resources, financial resources, information systems, government assistance and competitive intelligence on the sustainability of SMMEs. The researcher examined the literature relating to the challenges and issues faced by SMMEs with particular emphasis on the use of competitive intelligence as a tool to assist in sustainability. The literature review was followed by an analysis and interpretation of a qualitative study of SMMEs within the BCMM. Through an analysis of the results it was possible to determine the nature of the relationships between the independent variables and sustainability. Finally, the researcher was able to make recommendations based on the research.
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James, Alison. "An investigation into what influences action competence-oriented teaching and learning processes in a school environmental club." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003501.
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This interpretive case study sought to determine what influenced action competence-oriented teaching and learning processes in a high school environmental club. The goals were to describe a year of activities, within the TALON environmental club at Hudson Park High School in East London, South Africa and to identify how pedagogical, contextual and relational factors influenced action competence processes amongst club members. I explored how action competence theory and praxis have helped in other school education settings with the aim of establishing better environmental practices. The IVAC model of pedagogy (Jensen & Schnack, 1997) was used as a framework to operationalise action competence processes within the TALON Club. This entailed carefully examining investigative, visioning, action and change processes unfolding through the four themes of the club: plants, animal welfare, waste issues and our community outreach programme at Bongulethu High School. Using questionnaires, interviews, observation and a journal as the main methods of data collection I was able to make five analytical statements that related to the influence of pedagogy, the influence of context and the influence of relational dynamics within the TALON Club. The pedagogical processes were affected by the TALON members wanting to avoid any activities that were ‘too much like school’. However this served to compromise the action and visioning phases within the club, resulting in superficial and poorly-informed action-taking. The influence of context served to both enable and constrain action competence processes. The club and school structures therefore shaped the form that fledgling actions took as the TALON members participated in the meetings and outings and fulfilling the traditional expectations of the school community. Relational dynamics and a desire for fun took precedence over the action competence processes. Although the Club members were motivated by a sense of moral responsibility they were unable to articulate this concept into the club activities. In addition there were the power gradients between the educators and members to consider as determinants of the extent of participatory, democratic interactions. This complex interplay of factors influenced the action competence processes in the club. Recommendations were made on how best to work with the concepts of participation and democracy towards improving the reflexivity and knowledge base of both the educators and learners. In this way action competence processes will be better supported within the club in future.
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Ntsunguzi, Carol Ntombemhlophe. "Assessing relationship management in Meeg bank in East London." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1147.
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Quality of service becomes the main avenue that could be used to gain sustainable competitive advantage. This is due to the fact that the environment within which organisations operate continues to change with respect to customer expectations. The financial sector, in particular the banking industry is not left behind and players in this industry also strive to “up their game” in the competitive market-place. It has become increasingly important for organisations to find ways, not only to reach the top, but to maintain on-going long-term relationship with their customers. This can result in long-term benefits, both for the organisation (by improving marketing productivity) and for the customer (by delivering better quality products). This paper assesses the perception the Business clients/ customers within a business banking environment have about relationship management by Meeg bank in East London branch town of Eastern Cape. A literature survey was undertaken into the importance of Customer Relationship by bank. Questionnaires were sent to all employees of the business clients for their views on Customer Relationship Management (CRM). The result the show importance of the commitment of all employees’ especially senior management is essential for the success of CRM efforts in improving the quality of service offered by an organisation. The research also confirmed the importance of having wide range of options in form of products offered. This will not only benefit the bank in terms of higher profits, but will give the bank the competitive advantage in the market place.
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Adam, Mohamed. "Sharp object fatalities in East London : A descriptive study /." Bellville : University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/usrfiles/modules/etd/docs/etd_gen8Srv25Nme4_6999_1277417229.pdf.
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Dixon, Kurt. "Sharp object fatalities in East London: A descriptive study." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5398_1277417263.
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Data from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS) show that homicide is the major cause of death with firearms and sharp objects as the main external causes of death in South Africa. The current study is a descriptive study, describing the epidemiology of sharp object fatalities in the city of East London (also known as Buffalo City) in South Africa. It is a secondary data analysis of mortuary data collected by morticians trained in data collection methods according to World Health Organisation standards. This descriptive study aimed to develop the profile of sharp object fatalities in East London. Most of the findings were consistent with other literature on sharp object violence/homicide and on homicide in general using rates per population denominator data. It also combined variables to arrive at more complex descriptions. The following risk factors were identified: male, between the ages 30-34, being from a disadvantaged population group, alcohol consumption, weekend, between the times 20h00 and 23h59 and if we discount the place of death, &lsquo
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then the greatest percentage of deaths occurred in a private house. The results were interpreted within an ecological and contextual theoretical framework to hypothesize possible etiological factors. The conclusion was that there were multiple variables which all interact and influence one another across all ecological levels and as other studies have recommended, this study too also recommends that more work is needed in order to identify the multiple pathways leading to fatalities, perhaps by way of multivariate studies as well as qualitative studies with perpetrators of sharp object fatalities.
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Feder, Gene. "Traveller gypsies and primary health care in East London." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1994. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/traveller-gypsies-and-primary-health-care-in-east-london(f8d67b0e-b690-487d-b033-f9eebc6e678b).html.
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Roberts, D. J. "Make public : performing public housing in regenerating east London." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1514412/.
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This thesis explores the history and future of two east London housing estates undergoing regeneration; Samuel House, a 1935-8 London County Council neo-Georgian perimeter block on the Haggerston West Estate demolished in 2014; and Balfron Tower, a 1965-7 Brutalist high-rise on the Brownfield Estate designed by Ernö Goldfinger and facing refurbishment and privatisation in 2016. To ‘make public’ expresses a demand and an aspiration; materially – to protect and extend public housing provision at a time when austerity measures are dismantling it in ideal and form [Phillips and Erdemci, 2012]; procedurally – to make visible problematic processes of urban change that are increasingly hidden from public view under the pervasive metaphor of regeneration [Campkin, 2013]; and methodologically – to make public the act of research through long-term collaborations with residents and other practitioners, using archival research and socially-engaged performance practice that reveals spatial changes and their affects on social relations [Harvie, 2013]. The thesis draws on the idea of ‘multiple publics’ to re-conceptualise a constructive approach to public housing and to evaluate the ethic of ‘making public’ [Fraser, 1990]. It works between architecture and performance to forge new connections with the research of Forty, Rendell, Schneider and Roms, and choreograph relationships between buildings, texts and residents through critical acts of writing, dramaturgy and re-enactment. The practice is conducted through performative workshops that open a social, discursive and imaginative space for residents to re-enact the histories of each estate and build collective knowledge and experience. This collaborative work is shared with wider publics through a feature-length artist’s film, site-specific performance, and six-week exhibition, and is documented in the thesis as two acts, comprising scenes interspersed with reflective essays. The evidence gathered is fed into formal and legislative frameworks with the aim of influencing housing policy: at Samuel House, a redesigned housing survey and at Balfron Tower, a listing upgrade nomination and online archive.
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Ngamlana, Felicia Nolitha. "The impact of community development projects on unmployment in Mndantsane." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013.
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Unemployment in South Africa has been escalating over the past few years. Unemployment is the most serious economic problem facing South African society. It is not only partly responsible for the widespread poverty, continuing violence and an unacceptably high incidence of crime, but it deprives many South Africans of the privilege of fulfilling their vocation. There is no single satisfactory answer of unemployment and its impact on the economy of South Africa. The aim of the research report is to evaluate unemployment-curbing projects in the Mdantsane community in order to improve the living conditions of the inhabitants. In order to formulate a conceptual and theoretical framework of the study, a theoretical foundation of the study, unemployment frameworks, theories of development particularly local economic development, the meaning of Local Economic, development and theories underpinning Local economic development and related literature on unemployment. The research methodology for the study is descriptive, sourced from available literature. Due to the restricted extent of the research, no empirical survey will be conducted. A number of normative criteria to deal with the research problem will be identified from the available literature, from which conclusions will be drawn and recommendations made.
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Jilingisi, Ntombodidi. "Gendered roles and social behaviour towards women in marginalised communities: the case of Newlands location in East London." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020038.
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This research study aims to investigate the impact of gender roles and social behaviour towards women in marginalised communities in Newlands Location. The researcher used a qualitative research method to conduct the study through interviews. The study has five chapters: Chapter 1 focuses on the introduction and the background of the study; Chapter 2 is the literature review, where it clarifies the meaning of gender inequality and discusses gender inequality in education, economic growth and violence against women; Chapter 3 is the description of the methods used in assessing the impact of gender inequality in Newlands Location and outlines the processes followed in the study'; Chapter 4 are the findings and the achievements of aim and objectives of the study; Lastly, Chapter 5 focuses on the Conclusion, Limitations and Recommendations of the study. Newlands location need a serious intermediation to address the gender inequality issues.
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Marawu, Sithembele. "Foreign direct investment in South Africa: the case of the East London industrial development zone." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/559.
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been perceived by most developing countries, emerging economies and countries in transition as a major vehicle for development that would not only boost a host country’s economic development but also enhance its integration into the global economy. The common assumption is that presence of foreign companies in a host country, particularly a developing country, would lead to economic benefits; among them, transfer of technology, and skills and human capacity development. The establishment of special “development zones” and the roll-out of incentives to attract FDI are often predicated on the expectation by host countries that these benefits would be achieved. It is against this background that this study sought to find out the character of FDI in the East London Industrial Development Zone (ELIDZ), located in the Eastern Cape. The study focused on the institutional preconditions and incentives used by the ELIDZ to attract FDI into the zone, and on whether these had any bearing on labour and environmental standards as well as on local skills development. Empirical data for the study were collected using in-depth interview with senior management staff of both the ELIDZ as an organisation, and one of the foreign companies located in the zone (a “tenant” of ELIDZ). In addition, a mini survey was conducted with a random sample of employees of the selected ELIDZ company. Among the key findings of the study was that the ELIDZ had in place a range of incentives and preconditions for the attraction of FDI, and that there were concerted efforts on the part of ELIDZ management to compel companies operating in the zone to adhere to specific iv standards – especially on the environmental front. From the mini survey results, however, the study established that achievements on the labour front were mixed. While most of the responses indicated that ELIDZ was playing a positive role in terms of employment creation, a high number of responses (from surveyed employees in the selected ELIDZ company) pointed out that employment standards were in question. For example, 41% of respondents reported “unhappiness” with their conditions of employment, while 50% deplored the fact that they were not allowed to belong to unions. Furthermore, responses were nearly evenly split (53%/47%) between those who reported that their employment had resulted in the acquisition of new skills and those who reported that it had not. From these and other findings, the study concluded that ELIDZ was facing a “balancing act” by expecting foreign companies to create jobs, transfer technology and contribute to local skills development while at the same time adhering to strict environmental and labour standards. The study thus confirmed a major consensus in the FDI literature, while FDI could bring about important socio-economic achievements in a host country, foreign companies and host governments are not necessarily motivated by the same set of factors. Indeed, at least a small facet of the study’s findings seemed to confirm the well-documented anti-FDI sentiment that the faith placed in FDI by host governments (especially in developing countries) does not always have a sound basis.
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Bhui, Kamaldeep Singh. "Common mental disorders among Punjabi Asians : prevalence, explanatory models and the general practitioner's assessment." Thesis, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248407.
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Hobbs, Richard Frederick. "Doing the business : East London, the C.I.D. and symbiotic control." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1985. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847518/.
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Policing in Britain has been built around the notion of prevention. That is to say that the preventative function of British policing has traditionally been put to the forefront of discourse concerning formal or state social control. The eventual formation in 1829 of a centrally controlled police force was founded upon the ethos of prevention, and this in turn led to the uniformed 'Bobby' emerging as the focus of subsequent concern. A covert police presence, while unsupportable within the philosophical parameters of prevention, proved, in the context of the intensification of formal control to be necessary, and the detective began to operate within the expanding network of state control agencies. The ambiguity of detective work led to its partial detachment from the aims, functions and bureaucratic control of the uniform branch who remain to this day in the vanguard as a symbol of policing, and are manifested as exemplars of legitimate, normative policing practice. The style of British detective work has parallels with that found in the cultural milieu of East London. The areas deviant identity and economically determined traditions that stress autonomous action and entrepreneurial ability, have been compounded by market forces, and should be regarded as responses to the strictures and oppressions of both pre-capitalist and capitalist market economies. These responses are unique in the form of cultural style, and find favour amongst detectives of the Metropolitan Police, who, despite their formal function as thief-takers, appropriate and acquire certain of the more tangible manifestations of East End style for their own use. This thesis is concerned with the evolution of policing in Britain and in particular with the nature of police agencies, their consequent operational styles, and the genesis of their respective occupational cultures. The crucial source of one particular policing style, and its subsequent effect upon the occupational culture is considered at some length and primary and secondary historical documents, formal and informal interviews and participant observation techniques are utilised to this end. The contemporary realities of both the CID and East End cultures are considered and paralleled within an informal historical frame that has been structured by both formal and informal responses to the transient rigours of the market place. Consequently, this thesis is concerned with buying and selling on either side, across and under the legal counter. Before introducing the historical data of chapters one to five, and the original data introduced in chapters six to ten, it may be prudent to provide some discussion of the methodology that I have employed.
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Brown, Gavin Phillip. "The production of gay and queer space in East London." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2007. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-production-of-gay-and-queer-space-in-east-london(1fbbb9b7-eea8-4443-b634-315f2d75864e).html.
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Gaskell, Carolyn. "'Fighting for respect' : youth, violence and citizenship in East London." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1828.
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This research explores the complex dynamics between young people's experiences of violence, victimisation and citizenship. The research itself is shaped by an understanding of the interrelations between theories and practices of childhood and youth, citizenship and violence and victimisation. Developing a fluid Link between these theoretical approaches has facilitated original ways of accessing and understanding young people's own experiences. Indeed, the research develops an holistic theoretical perspective that allows young people to explore structural, social and psychological complexities of their everyday experiences, through acknowledging the tensions between structural and inter-personaE violence. The research draws on both quantitative and qualitative methodological tools to engage with over 400 11-20 year olds in Tower Hamlets, east London. The findings show that many young people understand their experiences of violence and victimisation as being shaped by their reduced citizen status. This link however has a very different emphasis than current theoretical and political thinking, particularly within the policy arena. This view instead places blame on young people for their 'Lack' of citizenship and Links this 'Lack' of citizenship to increasing rates of violence and victimisation through punitive policies of control and conditional welfare. Young people's views guide the research, and through this process, the notion of respect emerged as an analytical toot. The Lens of respect offers an important and original way of understanding young people's experiences of violence, victimisation and citizenship. An appreciation of the importance of 'respect' enabled violence and victimisation to be understood as a symptom of a disrespected citizenship relationship with the state. Citizenship itself is a fluid dynamic between citizens and the state. Young people who experience their relationship with the state to be disrespectful can begin to seek out alternative routes to gain respect; one such way was identified as an engagement in violent behaviours.
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Sabri, Budi Aslinie Md. "Family functioning and chronic periodontitis in outer North East London." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8391.
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Background: This study assumes that while all families are unique, families share common tasks that must be fulfilled as part of their functioning and the definition of whether the family process is functional or not is specific and may be unique to the family and is dependent upon what the family perceives as being normal, while considering cycle demands, resources and socio cultural influences. Objectives: To explore the role of family functioning in chronic periodontitis. Methods: The Outer North East London (ONEL) Oral Health Needs Assessments collected data in a representative sample of 2,343 adults aged16-65 and 1,174 children 3-4 years old in 2009-10. Data were collected through home visits by trained dentists and interviewers, and included dental clinical examinations and answers to questionnaires. Family function in the domains general functioning, problem solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement and behaviour control was assessed using the Family Assessment Device (FAD) Epstein et al., 1983). Chronic periodontitis was defined as having at least one interproximal site with pocket depth of 4 mm or more. Results: Chronic periodontitis was associated with family functioning in the domains general functioning (odds ratio:0.45; 95%CI: 0.25-0.84), communication (odds ratio: 0.55 95%CI: 0.30-0.98), affective involvement (odds ratio:0.56; 95%CI: 0.34-0.94), affective responsiveness (odds ratio:0.47; 95%CI: 0.26-0.81) and behaviour control (odds ratio:0.40 95%CI: 0.22-0.74) after adjustment for ethnicity and socioeconomic position (NS-SEC). However, after adjusting for oral health related behaviour (tobacco consumption and plaque score) only the domain of general functioning (odds ratio: 0.51 6 95%CI: 0.27-0.97) affective responsiveness (odds ratio 0.52; 95%CI: 0.29-0.92) and behaviour control (odds ratio 0.46; 95 CI: 0.25-0.83) remained significantly associated with chronic periodontitis. Family functioning domains general functioning, communication, affective involvement, affective responsiveness and behaviour control also potentially partially mediates the relationship between socioeconomic position and chronic periodontitis experience. Conclusion: Efficient family functioning in the domains of general functioning, affective responsiveness and behaviour control may act as protective factors against chronic periodontitis.
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D'Souza, Raymond Francis Charles. "Natural history and management of hepatitis C in East London." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2006. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/28508.
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Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) affects over 170 million individuals worldwide. In this thesis the natural history and management of hepatitis C in North- East London was investigated. The prevalence of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C rises with increasing duration of infection. In Asian patients infected at birth, infection over 60 years causes cirrhosis in 71 % of infected individuals. Since the rate of fibrosis progression in Asian patients is the same as that seen in Caucasian patients, it is likely that similar rates of cirrhosis will be seen in all patients who are infected with HCV for over 60 years. Factors found to be associated with fibrosis progression were:- age and alcohol excess. Insulin resistance was associated with fibrosis progression. However, elevated serum ferritin or hepatiC iron were not. Knowledge of hepatitis C in the East of London was examined and found to be poor despite the Department of Health information campaign. Educational meetings and postal surveys improved the level of knowledge of HCV. However as our group only assessed knowledge immediately after completion of the sessions, such a testing regime does not address long-term knowledge retention. We examined current and novel management strategies for patients with chronic HCV. Current therapy involves pegylated interferon and ribavirin. We found that insulin resistance was a poor predictor of sustained virological response. Chinese herbal treatments for hepatitis C are widely used but poorly studied. Our group designed a randomised controlled double blind study to assess whether Chinese herbal treatment is effective and results from this study show that recruitment and retention in trials of alternative therapies are problematic and that the herbal remedy had little effect on viraemia and quality of life, although liver function tests did improve a little.
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Wilkins, Annabelle. "Home, work and migration for Vietnamese people in East London." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2016. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/18236.
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This thesis examines relationships between home, work and migration for Vietnamese people in East London. It contributes to a growing body of work within geographies of home, as well as furthering research on mobility and the city in super-diverse contexts. The study draws upon semi-structured interviews with participants who have migrated from Vietnam to East London under diverse circumstances, including individuals who arrived as refugees after the Vietnam War and other people who have migrated for work or education in recent years. The research has also involved visual methods and ethnography in participants' homes, workplaces and other urban spaces. The study situates home as a multi-scalar, material and imaginative concept, set of practices and emotions. It also highlights the translocal connections between home, work and urban dwelling in Vietnam and East London. Drawing upon participants' personal stories, I examine their journeys of migration and experiences of arrival in East London, framing the empirical material within concepts of navigation and urban learning. Alongside a recognition of the role of the city within migrant experiences of home, I argue that participants re-shape the city through their everyday mobilities and practices of dwelling. The thesis examines connections between home and work in Vietnam, drawing upon understandings of the Vietnamese home as a site of connection to other places and between living relatives, ancestors and the spirit world. I also consider relationships between home and work in East London, exploring how work may contribute to a sense of home in the city. I highlight the significance of objects, spiritual beliefs and practices in reconfiguring home across transnational space. This thesis also addresses participants' future homes and possibilities of return to Vietnam. Individual choices of mobility and settlement are situated within geopolitical dimensions of home and migration. I draw upon concepts of precarity and the geopolitics of home to argue that immigration statuses, transient work and housing are intertwined with personal experiences of home and can present a significant barrier to belonging in the city. Through its focus on individual experiences and practices of home, work and urban life among Vietnamese people in East London, this research makes a distinctive contribution to understanding home, work, migration and the city.
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Asghar, Mohammad Ali. "Bangladeshi community organisations in east London : a case study analysis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.632639.
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This is an exploratory and analytical study of the phenomenon of community organisations of the Bangladeshi immigrants who settled in the inner city area of East London. The primary aim of the study is to explore and explain the community organisations, analyse the organisational processes that took place in their goal attainment efforts and ascertain their contributions in meeting community needs. A case study approach has been adopted in this research and seven different community organisations, each representing a particular category of organisation, have been chosen out of over 100 identified groups/ organisations operating in the area. The broad categories of the organisations, with a much overlapping in their activities, represented in the study are: a welfare association, a community centre, a youth organisation, a community school, a women's association, an educational pressure group, and a cultural organisation. Six of the seven organisations have been chosen out of some 97 identified groups operating within the area of the inner London Borough of Tower Hamlets. This has the largest Bangladeshi community ;n Britain (22.9 per cent of the Borough population, according to the 1991 Census). The seventh organisation has been chosen out of half a dozen groups operating ;n the outer London Borough of Waltham Forest which has only a small Bangladeshi community (0.9 per cent of the Borough population). Detailed case histories of the seven selected organisations have been compiled under the headings of: origin, objectives, activities, resources, membership, leadership, decision making, tactics and strategies adopted, achievements and failures. These case histories have been discussed and analysed to explain what organisational processes took place and what benefit and/or services resulted from the activities of the organisations and what community needs, if any. have been met.
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Burns, Michael Edmund Reid. "A synecological study of the East London coast dune forests." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006134.
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Quantitative community descriptions, based on point quarter sample data, are made for a number of dune forest units along the East London coast. These are supported by multivariate classifications and ordinations which illustrate the inter community variation between the sampled seaward, landward and dune valley sites. Climax valley forest is floristically most characteristic and can be clearly distinguished from the seaward and landward thicket communities which tend to show a degree of similarity. Within-forest community differences are shown to be more significant than variation along the coast. This appears to indicate that climoedaphic gradients established laterally to the coast induce a greater floristic response than the rainfall gradient within the study area. The state of developnent within the dune soil profile and the rate and effect of salt spray deposition are considered to be important factors influencing dune forest succession and are discussed in some detail. An overview of certain other climatic variables as well as the geological features within the study area is also given. A phenology study of the dune forest, scrub-thicket and strand plant cornnunities shows some general patterns of flowering and fruiting phenorhythms. Although much variation was observed, there appears to be a bimodal hyperactive phenophase response which is thought to be related to rainfall or periods of favourable soil moisture conditions. A brief discussion of some of the positive and negative human influences on the coastline is given. This includes a description of the management activities carried out in the area as well as the demands placed on ·the coastal resource.
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Xweso, Mzukisi. "Challenges and lived experiences of day labourers in East London." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6917.
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Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW)The study upon which this dissertation was based was conducted against the backdrop of day labouring as a global phenomenon. In order to position the research topic, namely, the lived experiences and hardships encountered by day labourers in East London in the province of the Eastern Cape of South Africa, a comprehensive review of the relevant available literature pertaining to the phenomenon was conducted. The review covered both international trends and the relatively few significant studies which have been conducted in South Africa. A mixed methods approach was adopted in order to gather both quantitative and qualitative data, by means of a research design whose theoretical framework was derived from systems theory and the strengths-based theory. Of the twelve hiring sites which had been identified in East London during the conducting of a national study, six were selected and a survey questionnaire was administered to three participants at each, which yielded a research sample of eighteen participants. The participants were selected at each site through the use of convenience or availability sampling. The data which the survey questionnaire generated was presented in the form of descriptive statistics and analysed by means of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software to develop a socioeconomic and demographic profile of the participants. The findings of the quantitative study were subsequently evaluated against the qualitative data pertaining to the lived experiences of day labourers in East London, which was generated by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with three participants who were willing to be interviewed at each site. The qualitative data was analysed through thematic analysis. The integration of the two sets of data enabled a credible and meaningful assessment of the lived experiences of day labourers in East London and the hardships which they are obliged to endure to be made. On the basis of the findings, recommendations are made concerning appropriate strategies for integrating day labourers into initiatives which are designed to grant social justice to groups who continue to be unfairly marginalised and to live in abject poverty more than two decades after the official demise of apartheid.
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Tsomo, Zixolele. "An evaluation of gender equity in the Amathole District Council head office, East London 2006-2010." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012685.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the promotion of gender equity in the Amathole District Municipality (ADM). This investigation originated against the phenomenon that women are continuously faced with barriers to progress in the workplace. In an endeavour to find a meaningful solution to the problem, it was necessary to assess the degree of transformational change in the workplace; to ascertain what these barriers are; and how they can be overcome. The study commenced with an overview of the stance of women in the Republic of South Africa, especially their struggle to find a platform from where their voice could be heard. In order to achieve the research objectives, an in-depth literature study was undertaken. A survey was also conducted to examine the perceptions of gender equity in the ADM. The required data was collected by means of face-to-face semi-structured interviews with female officials in senior managerial positions. The study concludes with a number of recommendations that emanate from the literature review and qualitative study.
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Kusambiza-Kiingi, Margaret. "The nature and extent of urban poverty in the East London area." [S.n. : s.l.], 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/53049300.html.
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Thesis (Master)--University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 2002.eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-105).
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Fobosi, Siyabulela Christopher. "Formalisation, informalisation and the labour process within the minibus taxi industry in East London, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012076.
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This thesis focuses on the labour process within the minibus taxi industry in East London, South Africa. This industry is structurally situated within the informal sector or economy but is marked by contradictory processes of formalisation and in-formalisation. Though the taxi industry seems to straddle the formal and informal economies in South Africa, the study is conceptually framed in terms of the informal sector but in a critically-engaged fashion. The very distinction between formal and informal economies, whether in South Africa or elsewhere, is open to dispute; and, even if accepted, there are differing conceptualisations of the relationship between the ‘two’ economies. Also, the conceptual clarity of the term ‘informal economy’ has been subject to scrutiny, given the vast range of activities it is said to incorporate. While the distinction between formal and informal economies may be a useful conceptual starting-point, this thesis demonstrates that it is analytically useful to speak of degrees and forms of formalisation and in-formalisation along a continuum, rather than to dichotomize economies. The thesis therefore analyses in depth the competing and tension-riddled processes of formalisation and in-formalisation in the minibus taxi industry, and with a specific focus on the labour process.
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Nhawu, Mucharambeyi. "Assessing the business success of co-operatives in the East London municipal area of the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7086.
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South Africa is faced with much poverty, joblessness and an economy that is not sustainable. Unemployment is on the rise in South Africa with the Eastern Cape having the largest number of unemployed people. Co-operatives can be used as a tool to combat poverty and for job creation, but the problem is that co-operatives are still an unknown entity in South Africa. Co-operatives are only known by a few and those few are still sceptical and not willing to form co-operatives. The already established businesses are also not forthcoming nor showing any willingness to do businesses with co-operatives. The less they do business with them, the less the co-operatives flourish. The present study investigates to what extent co-operatives can be a solution to decrease poverty and unemployment. The primary objective of this study was to make a contribution to the development and success of co-operatives by investigating the performance of co-operatives in the in the important business functions of financial management, general management, human resources management, marketing management and operations management. The study also investigated which of these business functions were the most important determinants of business success in these co-operatives. A sample of 50 co-operatives in the East London area of the Eastern Cape was selected and three members per co-operative were requested to answer the questionnaire. The expected number of respondents was therefore 150. However, only 65 usable questionnaires (response rate of 43.3%) were returned. The SEDA Small Business Assessment Tool was used to measure the co-operatives’ performance in these business functions. The empirical results revealed that the strongest correlates of business success in these co-operatives were financial management (r = 0.57, p < 0.05) followed by human resources management (r = 0.49, p < 0.05) and operations management (r = 0.40, p < 0.05). The results also show that, while the co-operatives do have some form of financial management strategies in place, they do not address some of the major financial management concepts that are really essential in a sound financial management policy. The co-operatives generally do not follow any formal financial costing system at all. The results however indicated that the co-operatives expressed high confidence in their financial, general and human resource management practices and low confidence in their marketing and operations management practices.
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Makapela, Lunathi Brian. "Staff motivation and job performance in the Frere Hospital maternity ward." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8769.
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The topic of motivation continues to command substantial attention in the field of industrial or organisational psychology. Motivation has always been an essential factor in managing personnel and is a crucial variable in creating a high performance organization. Public administration research has largely ignored motivation as a topic, contrary to research of private sector management. Nurses represent one of the biggest profession group in South Africa's health care services and forms the vertebrae of the Primary Health Care in South Africa. South Africa has experienced large numbers of nurses immigrating to other foreign countries due to poor working conditions in South Africa. Government has a responsibility of ensuring that there is always a motivational climate in the institutions where nurses work. Several investigations have been conducted by various organisations regarding the state of South African Health Care System, due to a high rate of reported deaths in South African hospitals. Dispatch investigation team in 2005 revealed a number of findings that related to various motivational issues at the Eastern Cape Frere Hospital maternity ward. These motivational issues included but not limited shortage of nurses and doctors; use of interns on night duty without qualified doctors and anaesthetist; a cleaner confirmed to have been seen delivering a baby in the labour ward while wearing a doctor‟s coat, as well as accessing and dispensing medicine; no security to prevent people from wandering the labour ward and the entire maternity section; deaths due to negligence; inappropriate appointment of personnel, a situation causing problems for the nurses; employees complaining of work overload; absenteeism and sick leave leaving one nurse on duty at night in the nursery; lack of equipment like oxygen points, suction catheters, CPAPs and CTG machines, alleged by some nurses to be directly responsible for a number of avoidable deaths; staff shortages thus forcing inexperienced nurses to carry duties beyond their experience; detrimental shortages of labour beds; a general assistant dressed in a green nurse‟s gown rinsing blood-soaked linen before dishing up for, and serving food to patients, still wearing the same clothing. Since the Dispatch investigation and the subsequent investigations by political parties and the National Department of Health, no scientific research or investigation has been done around challenges at Frere Hospital maternity ward. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the levels of staff motivation and staff motivation levels' impact on job performance in the Frere Hospital maternity ward. In conducting this study the researcher explored five motivation theories which are amongst a group of motivational theories that have shaped worker motivation in both the public and private sectors. The study explored Maslow hierarchy of needs, Herzberg two factor theory, Vroom's expectancy theory, Locke's equity theory and Festinger‟s goal setting Theory. These theories were used with a view of gathering an understanding of staff motivation and job performance. The reasons for the researcher to choose these five motivational theories is that they are amongst the most popular theories used by scholars to measure staff motivation and performance both in the private and public sectors. These theories were also used due to their relevance to the organisation investigated. This study followed a quantitative approach and empirical study was conducted using a questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions. The empirical results from the nine sections researched showed some distinct findings, from which the following recommendations were drawn: management should consider employees' involvement during goal setting in the department; management should work towards building in job motivators into the employees’ jobs; management should ensure that there is a reputable performance reward and recognition system in place that is agreed upon with staff, instead of imposing the system; management should support nurses in ensuring that their working conditions and salaries and benefits are improved; and It is therefore the responsibility of managers to ensure that staff are always kept motivated in order to increase job performance.
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Dlova, Mzwanele Roadwell. "An investigation into constraints impacting on small micro and medium enterprises (SMMEs) access to finance in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003904.
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Internationally, in both developed and developing countries, it has been accepted that SMMEs are the backbone and the driving force of economic growth and job creation. In South Africa, SMMEs account for approximately 60 per cent of all employment in the economy and more than 35 per cent of South Africa's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Ntsika, 1999:38; Gumede, 2000:67 and Berry et ai, 2002 in Kongolo, 2010:235). SMMEs are often the vehicle by which the lowest income people in our society gain access to economic opportunities. The sector represents 97.5 per cent of the total number of business firms in South Africa and that it contributes 42 per cent of total remuneration. SMMEs account for some 3.5 million jobs and have between 500 000 and 700 000 businesses (Abor and Quartey, 2010:2337). Due to the above-mentioned contribution, the South African government initiated a number of SMME support programmes aimed at promoting, growing and developing the SMME sector. As a result, a number of national government agencies such as the National Youth Development Agency (NYDA), Khula Finance Limited, the National Development Agency (NDA), the Small Enterprise Development Agency (SEDA) and many other national , provincial and local government organizations were established post 1994. However, despite the concerted efforts by government to develop the sector, SMMEs are, after 17 years of democracy, still faced with enormous challenges such as access to markets, information, appropriate technology, finance, to mention but a few. Of the above-mentioned challenges, access to finance is on top of the list of these. This study, therefore, is aimed at investigating external, institutional and internal constraints impacting on SMME access to finance in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipal area. The study is also aimed at ascertaining which of the abovementioned constraints have the greatest influence to SMME access to finance. In developing the framework of the study, recent empirical research conducted around the country and internationally on constraints influencing SMME access to finance (Bbenkele, 2007:18; Ganbold, 2008:45; Mahadea and Pillay, 2008:99; Chenesai, 2009:135; Zindiye, 2009:78; Fatoki and Garwe, 2010:2765; Pandula, 2011 :257) was drawn upon. In order to meet the objectives of the study, a simple random sample survey of 50 SMMEs in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) jurisdiction was conducted. The profile of the SMMEs was very similar to that of other studies that focused on constraints to SMME access to finance. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from SMME owner-managers and a response rate of 60 percent was achieved . The results of the study indicated that the high cost of credit and interest rates and Value Added Tax (VAT) registration were the key external factors that impacted on SMME access to finance. Generally, SMMEs are viewed by lending institutions as high risk category. Therefore, even though interest rates have come down significantly, the cost of credit and interest rates still remain a constraint. The study also found that even though the South African Revenue Services (SARS) has increased the VAT threshold to R1 million (South African Revenue Service, 2007: 29), SMMEs still struggled to register for VAT. With regards to the institutional factors, the study revealed that ineffective support services provided by private and public SMME support agencies, the lack of communication of these services (access to information) and the lack of the subsequent follow-up services were the key constraints to SMME access to finance. The results of the study indicate that those firms with good track record, high annual turnover, sophistication and diverse skills, good credit record, good cash flow, proper financial records, bankable and viable business plans, collateral and registered for VAT were more likely to have access to finance than their counterparts. The main conclusion of the study is that the internal factors turned to have the greatest influence to SMME access to finance. However, there is more to be done by private and public SMME support agencies and lending institutions to address the above-mentioned institutional constraints which have a negative influence to SMME access to finance. It is recommended that more in-depth empirical research be conducted on the support services provided by private and public SMME support agencies in terms of the services that they offer the effectiveness of the services and how these are communicated to potential customers. It is also recommended that training workshops aimed at addressing the intemal constraints identified be conducted. Also recommended is the development and implementation of sector-specific mentoring programmes for the owner-managers. Strategies to improve the awareness of support services provided by SMME support agencies need to be developed. This would ensure the effective use of these services by SMMEs. It is also recommended that SMME support agencies and lending institutions staff be trained in order to better understand and be more responsive to the owner managers' needs. Linkages with tertiary institutions in planning and conducting the training needs to be made.
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Nompozolo, Nikiwe Nomapelo. "The value of shared corporate services in improving patient care." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003844.
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This case study was undertaken from mid 2003 to December 2005. It investigates the influence of the Corporate Services Centre (CSC) on customer (patient) service quality in the East London Hospital Complex (ELHC). This approach was justified on the basis that even though most patients do not have enough knowledge of clinical practices in order to make an accurate assessment on their quality, the same patients would readily appreciate factors such as faster turnaround times, drug availability and cleanliness. The study focuses on both service providers and end users for a quality health service delivery by looking at the potential of the shared corporate services centre. This was done by identifying important areas for improvements, such as response times, waiting periods and other aspects of the various services. The ELHC was formed from the merger of Frere and Cecilia Makiwane Hospitals, with a distance of 26km between the two institutions. The complex itself was in its infancy stages, having had to go through a process of re-engineering, rationalisation and standardisation of the two hospitals. The study seeks to answer the following key question: What has been the contribution of the corporate service centres in relation to health care service quality? The study examines the impediments to the realization of full potential of the Corporate Services Centre (CSC) through expedited decision-making and improved turnaround times. The main functions of the CSC were Procurement and Asset Management; General Administration (including but not limited to Transport, Office equipment, Patient Administration, Office Support, and Professional Secretariat Support); Financial Management and Administration; and Human Resource Management and Human Resources Administration. The study recommends that the CSC, to justify its existence, needs to consult with the clinicians and the patients to better understand what their needs and aspirations are. The study also emphasizes that the CSC is there purely to remove the administrative load and ease the processes and the biggest mistake is to make it an authority over the hospital, instead of being a support. Finally, it was realized that a lot of structural changes, business processes and organisational cultural changes are essential if one wants to create an impact through shared corporate services.
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Tinta, Akhona Nelisa. "An assessment of industrial development zones in growing SMMEs: the East London industrial development zone case." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21427.
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The small, medium and micro enterprises sector in South Africa is critical in addressing poverty, job creation and social instability inherited by the democratic government. The transformation of the economy has seen various pieces of legislation being enacted in order to promote a favourable environment for the growth of the SMME sector. As such, instruments such as the Industrial Development Zones were put in place to facilitate investment, create jobs and promote exports with one of the main objectives to grow the SMME sector. In this study, the case of the East London Industrial Development Zone (ELIDZ) in supporting the growth of the SMME sector in economic growth and addressing socio-economic challenges was analysed. The exploratory qualitative research methodology was used in the study. Structured questionnaires and a semi-structured interview guide were used to collect data from the 49 identified participants and an Executive Management representative from the ELIDZ in order to present the data obtained precisely. The study recommends that an integrated model of SMME growth by the private and public sector be developed in ensuring that there are clear expectations on the determinants of growth for the sector. In addition, the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality must have in place a consolidated database of SMMEs in order for the private and public institutions to elect the SMMEs which can be participants in their SMME development programmes.
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Tankard, Keith Peter Tempest. "East London: the creation and development of a frontier community, 1835-1873." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004550.
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From Preface: Although East London exists today as one of the major ports of South Africa, the city appears to have been forgotten by historians. Little has been done to chronicle its history. In 1932, Bruce Gordon set out to initiate this research and he investigated East London's history to the end of 1865. However, Gordon's thesis, though accurate, is short and inadequate by today's standards. Furthermore, no-one continued from where Gordon left off. Several articles have been written over the previous six decades, each dealing with aspects of East London's past but these, on the whole, are inaccurate and misleading. The time is ripe, therefore, to begin again the research into the history of East London. East London owed its foundation to the state of unrest which existed on the eastern frontier of the Cape of Good Hope between 1834 and 1847. Although the geographic and climatic conditions were in the port's favour, East London remained in a suppressed condition until about 1870. It is the purpose of this thesis to examine the factors which gave rise to this truncated growth. The thesis will examine first the wider perspective of imperial and colonial policy in which East London was conceived and in which it had its early existence. The implications of this policy for East London at the various levels of the port's development will be explored in subsequent chapters. British and Cape colonial policy, however, evolved in a chronological sequence and so the examination of this policy likewise will tend to follow a chronological pattern within each chapter. The establishment of Port Rex in November/December 1836 enters into East London's story in several ways: its political development, the creation and development of the harbour on the Buffalo River, the evolution of trade, the growth of the community and the status of the black population at the mouth of the Buffalo River. It has been found necessary, therefore, to refer often to this beginning of East London's history. Although several theses have already been written which deal with topics related to British Kaffraria, none of these do more than allude to the creation and development of East London. Although, for example, the German Settlers played an important role in the growth of the port, Schnell's thesis hardly mentions the two communities at Panmure and Cambridge. The research for this thesis led me to two important and little known sources of early information, both in Cape Town. The first was the multiple volumed "Unsorted Archives" on East London which consists of reports and letters to the Resident Magistrate. It is a treasure chest of information on East London's early years. The second source was G.M. Theal's newspapers, The Kaffrarian Recorder and East London Shipping Gazette and, later, The Kaffrarian, East London's second newspaper which was believed to have been lost until copies were discovered recently in the South African Library in Cape Town. Theal, later prominent as a historian, had a clear insight into the problems which confronted the community at East London and the editorials of his newspaper make interesting reading. East London's first newspaper is, unfortunately, still lost. It was the East London Times which had its first issue in January 1863, and lasted a mere two months. It consisted of half a sheet of foolscap printed on one side, the other side being left blank, the editor of the King William's Town Gazette wrote, "'for want of room' or from lack of matter."
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Makhosathini, Swazi Sydney. "The expanded public works programme and job creation in East London." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6444.
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This study seeks to investigate the extent to which the Extended Public Works Programme (EPWP) creates jobs in East London. The researcher‘s interest in the topic was aroused after having noticed that there is cleanliness in Duncan village compared with the past. This cleanliness was as a result of the introduction of EPWP projects, where a number of people, both males and females were employed and job opportunities were created. The esearcher, as a development studies student, appreciates the intervention made by the EPWP in the area, therefore the researcher is interested to investigate the program better in order to determine the extent in which the EPWP creates jobs. The study was conducted in Duncan village, East London, in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM). The area was chosen because it is one of the most densely populated disadvantaged communities with a high rate of unemployment and poverty. The study focuses on 50 currently employed EPWP employees working in the Duncan village area. The researcher adopted a quantitative approach in order to explore and describe the extent in which EPWP projects create jobs in East London, in particular in the Duncan village area. Structured questionnaires are used to collect data from the EPWP employees. The participants‘ responses are collated in an excel spread sheet and analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Respondents‘ responses are analysed and discussed in terms of graphs and tables. The findings of this study reveal that there is a lack of skills development programs from projects operating in the area. This is shown by a percentage of 66% from the sampled respondents who indicate that they have acquired no skills since the inception of the project. The findings of the study also reveal that job opportunities are generated but are not adequate considering the population in the area. Income received is not enough for basic needs satisfaction as the largest percentage (82%) of them are still staying in shack dwellings and earning an income of less than R1000 per month. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the Public Works department in collaboration with all major stakeholders have to plan and organise workshops and training sessions for all EPWP employees together with their supervisors. The objective of the workshops will be to inform all employees about how the project works as well as its main objectives. This will enable employees to decide well in advance whether to take an offer or not. This will also minimise grievances from employees. Furthermore, there should be sound and effective programs in each EPWP project that address skills development. Outsourcing the skills development program could have positive consequences and employees should be motivated through certificates awarded after the project completion. There is also a need for learnership programmes as indicated by the findings because of the low levels of education and skills.
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Bowling, Benjamin. "Policing violent racism : policy and practice in the East London locality." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294956.
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Mills, Mary. "The early gas industry and its residual products in East London." Thesis, Open University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240777.
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Williams, Catherine. "The East London study of periodontal disease and preterm low birthweight." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/25127.
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Establishment of risk factors, and mechanisms involved in preterm (premature) birth is important for society. Despite efforts to find the cause(s), a significant proportion of preterm birth is of unknown aetiology. Maternal infection has been implicated and oral infection in the form of periodontal (gum) disease has also been suggested as a risk factor for preterm birth (OPenbacher et at, 1996). The aim of this study was to examine the possible relationship between maternal periodontal disease and the delivery of preterm infants with associated low birthweight in East London. This was an unmatched case-control study with 187 cases (mothers whose infant weighed < 2500g, gestational age < 37 weeks (preterm low birthwieght (PLBW)), and 532 controls (mothers whose infant weighed z 2500g, gestational age z 37 weeks). Risk factor information for prematurity and low birthweight were collected from Maternity notes and a structured questionnaire. Maternal periodontal disease levels were measured by: Community Periodontal Index, periodontal probing pocket depths and a bleeding index. Analysis was by logistic regression. The study population was derived from a multiethnic inner city population the predominant groups being Bangladeshi (51.9%) and white Caucasian (25.9%). No differences were found between the periodontal status of the case and control mothers for any of the periodontal indices. The risk for PLBW decreased significantly (p=0.02) with increasing mean periodontal probing pocket depth (crude OR 0.83[95% CI 0.68, 1.00]). After controlling for pre-pregnancy hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, maternal age, ethnic group and mother's education this risk decreased further (OR 0.78[95% CI 0.63, 0.96]). No evidence was found for increased risk of PLBW with maternal periodontal disease as measured in this study population. Promotion of oral health by healthcare workers is important, but these results did not support a specific drive to improve the periodontal health of pregnant women as a means of decreasing adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Dias, Aruna. "Chronic hepatitis B infection in the immigrant communities of East London." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8963.
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Worldwide there are 350 million people with chronic hepatitis B infection and globally it causes up to half of the liver cancer deaths and one third of deaths from cirrhosis. Only a fraction of sufferers will develop these complications. Various studies have implicated socio-demographic, biochemical and viral factors in disease progression but research has been limited to local populations in endemic countries. Our aim was to study the prevalence and factors associated with advanced disease of hepatitis B infection in immigrants living in East London. I completed a retrospective analysis of notes and electronic health records of 1209 immigrant patients attending hospitals in East London, 217 of whom were from Bangladesh and Pakistan. Screening of volunteers attending local mosques using oral mucosal transudate swabs and national statistics data allowed us to calculate prevalence rates in these populations. Those 13 patients from Bangladesh and Pakistan admitted over 30 months with decompensated disease were men aged > 40. Age, sex, ALT, smoking, alcohol and diabetes were significant predictors for cirrhosis and decompensated disease but not viral markers. Similar analyses were performed for other ethnicities with similar outcomes. The scale of under diagnosis of hepatitis B for all ethnicities was estimated and the reasons explored. This work has scrutinised the epidemiology of chronic hepatitis B in East London and the difficulties encountered exploring it. We provide differing results to published studies and suggestions for how this domain can be examined further.
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Woodward, Rachel. "Saving Spitalfields : the politics of opposition to redevelopment in East London." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1991. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1641.
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This thesis is an examination of the opposition to the redevelopment of a fruit and vegetable wholesale market in Spitalfields, east London. I argue that such opposition has not received the attention it deserves in the literature on urban redevelopment. The thesis examines the origins and establishment of the Campaign to Save Spitalfields from the Developers, and examines its discourse in order to ascertain where the roots of the Campaign's opposition lay. After outlining the methodology used in the research, the history of the market is examined within the context of the Spitalfields area. Previous plans for redevelopment are discussed and attention then focusses on plans put forward in 1986. The role of the City of London Corporation, the government and the Spitalfields Development Group are explored and stress is laid on the ways in which these three institutions portrayed redevelopment as a mechanism for inner city renewal, for the benefit of all interested parties. The Campaign to Save Spitalfields from the Developers is then studied, looking at its make-up and its arguments over the impact of redevelopment on Spitalfields. Its origins within the local Labour Party and the local voluntary sector are traced and the influence of these bodies on the Campaign in terms of its arguments and ideas on redevelopment are illustrated. The ways in which the Campaign represented redevelopment in the area are then discussed. The portrayal of Spitalfields as a multicultural community area and immigrant area are discussed, and the images the Campaign constructed of the City of London and of the likely face of Spitalfields examined. I argue that these representations are important in elucidating a reason for the Campaign's opposition. I then examine these representations of Spitalfields in the light of the Campaign's claims to representativeness. I examine the ways in which the Campaign dealt with the emergence of another group in the area, and indicate what I understand to be the sources of the Campaign's discomfort with this group. I conclude by arguing for further study of opposition movements that emerge to protest against urban redevelopment, and by arguing for an intensive qualitative research methodology.
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Wallace, Barbra. "Alternative horizons of entrepreneurship : Bangladeshi diasporic women trading in east London." Thesis, University of East London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532900.
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Business creation is a pivotal mechanism for the UK government in addressing social exclusion and urban decay. The Women's Enterprise Strategic Framework is the cornerstone of the government's approach for strengthening women's participation in entrepreneurship, with business support being the mechanism to effect this. This work contributes to the discussion as to why, despite substantial government funding of business support, the numbers of women from deprived areas accessing mainstream provision remains significantly low. The study concerns itself with inequalities surrounding women's entrepreneurship and examines the relevance of mainstream business discourse for Muslim women of Bangladeshi origin trading in the London borough of Tower Hamlets and explores their professional identities using narrative interviewing. The results are presented using a synthesis of discourse analysis and theory construction. The study initially having adopted a critical perspective, then creates a novel `both / and' methodology -a feminist-coherentist framework synthesising `either / or' dichotomies, accommodating commonality and difference, and facilitating development of a notion of Islamic selthood found to be essential to the women's professional identities. This framework is used to facilitate empirical differentiation between notions of `being an entrepreneur, `doing entrepreneurship' and `becoming' women in business. It is argued that the Strategic Framework, established to tackle gender inequalities has failed the women in the study, and that part of the reason is the domination of `Rational Economic Man' (REM) discourse in policy and mainstream business advice. This work shows that the women favoured a positively-gendered, holistic approach, whereby being an `entrepreneur' was deeply embedded within everyday life, and included being a follower of Islam. It is argued that the inherent privileging of REM discourse can be a barrier to the success of enterprise facilitation and business support programmes and that if mainstream support is to be effective for the women in this study, it must change and legitimise the concept of everyday entrepreneurship. In contrast the study shows that community-based advisors did embrace this concept, showing the way for future advice to be delivered to support the women in the study.