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1
Djordjevic, Dj, D. Milicevic, B. Velickovic, G. Gruber, H. Kainz, J. Londong, M. Kaub, and J. Martens. "Advanced river water quality monitoring stations at the Moravica river in Serbia." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 4, no. 2 (2006): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace0602091d.
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The overall objective of this project is the immediate enhancement of the water quality management in Serbia as an example of excellence for the South East Balkan region. Therefore, close links between the local and regional economy and the Serbian Higher Education sector will be created through technology and knowledge transfer. New technologies like GPRS Technology to realize data transfer from distance hydro measure stations will be introduced in the water quality monitoring management. Outcomes of the project are a measurement program for Advanced River Water Quality Monitoring, a pilot station and operator staff for the realization of the monitoring scheme devices including GPRS-Technology for the monitoring scheme, a monitoring station to conduct a test run, a quality management scheme, training measures for operators of monitoring stations, analyzed data from measurement program and dissemination and networking measures like a final international conference. The project is funded within the scope of the Tempus Program (Tempus Cards Structural and Complementary Projects) of the EU.
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Joshi, Naveen M. "National River Linking Project of India." Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 12 (October 28, 2013): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v12i0.9026.
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India plans to transfer water from the water surplus region of the north-east to the water scarce regions of western and southern India. The plan is called the National River Linking Project (NRLP). Sixteen links in the Himalayan region and 14 links in the Peninsular region are proposed that will transfer annually about 174 Billion m3 (Bm3) of water through a canal network of 14,900 km. It will involve connecting 37 rivers and construction of dams/storages in 3,000 places. It is estimated to cost US$ 120 Billion (in 2000 price). The projected benefits are additional irrigation to 34 million hectares of land, generation of 34,000 MW of electricity, reduction of floods, and social upliftment. Many prominent experts and personalities have criticized the project claiming that it will be a financial, social and environmental disaster. Both the proponents and opponents think that India will be doomed depending on whether the NRLP is implemented or not (Amarsinghe 2009). The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in collaboration with the Challenge Program for Water & Food (CPWF) undertook a three year Strategic Analysis of the NRLP to evaluate the NRLP concept with a detailed analysis. This paper is a general description of the NRLP, and it summarizes the findings of the Strategic Analysis of this Project undertaken by IWMI-CPWF. Further, it explores the possible consequences to India's neighbors in general and Nepal in particular.Hydro Nepal; Journal of Water, Energy and EnvironmentVol. 12, 2013, JanuaryPage: 13-19DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v12i0.9026Uploaded Date : 10/28/2013
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Cornille, Oriane, Jean-Michel Bocquet, and Kwaku Wiafe. "Pwalugu Multipurpose Dam Project: story of a major collaborative project." E3S Web of Conferences 346 (2022): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234603008.
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The Volta River Authority is starting this year the construction of the Pwalugu Multipurpose Dam Project (PMDP) on the White Volta River across the Upper East and Northern regions of Ghana with the aim to foster economic development in several ways: (i) developing the irrigation potential of the White Volta plains, (ii) mitigating the flood impacts downstream of the dam, (iii) improving Ghana’s power system and (iv) generating secondary benefits through related activities such as fishery and domestic water supply. This project, studied by Tractebel since the early 1990s, was always governed by the principle to balance the benefits between antagonistic objectives. Dedicated operation rules have been defined to improve the overall benefits. Limitation of the extent of the reservoir and its related environmental and social impacts have also been taken into account to define the final design. This paper aims to present how all these benefits have been estimated and compared to lead to the final design under implementation.
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Strom, Mary Ellen, and Shane Doyle. "Cherry River." Nka Journal of Contemporary African Art 2021, no. 48 (May 1, 2021): 112–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10757163-8971342.
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The multimedia exhibition Cherry River, Where the Rivers Mix was presented to audiences in August 2018 at the Missouri Headwaters State Park in Three Forks, Montana. Long before the European invasion across the Atlantic, the headwaters, or the confluence of three forks of the Missouri River, was a crossroads for Northern Plains Indians. The place-based project, Cherry River, created by artist Mary Ellen Strom and Native American researcher Shane Doyle, was produced by Mountain Time Arts, a collaborative arts and culture organization in southwestern Montana. In an effort to analyze the site, Mountain Time Arts convened a diverse group of participants. Their research question became, What does it take to change the name of a river? After six months of research, the project centered on the act of changing the name of the East Gallatin River back to the Indigenous Crow name Cherry River. The name Cherry River honors and describes the numerous chokecherry trees growing on the river’s banks that provide sustenance for wildlife and venerates Indigenous history, the ecology of running water, and riparian systems in the Northwest. The rise of interest in the rights of Indigenous people in North America aligns with many of Okwui Enwezor’s groundbreaking initiatives around the world. This assemblage of images, poetry, and first-person narratives is an example of the kind of practice in dialogue with the legacy of Enwezor’s decolonial actions and innovative use of curatorial strategies in several groundbreaking exhibitions to confront the “complex predicaments of contemporary art in a time of profound historical change and global transformation.” While Enwezor was neither an explicit source of inspiration nor invoked for the Cherry River project, the futures of Enwezor are palpable in this anticolonial project restoring the past to reimagine the present.
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Li, Bei, Yi-Chi Zhang, Ping Wang, Chao-Yang Du, and Jing-Jie Yu. "Estimating Dynamics of Terminal Lakes in the Second Largest Endorheic River Basin of Northwestern China from 2000 to 2017 with Landsat Imagery." Remote Sensing 11, no. 10 (May 15, 2019): 1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11101164.
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Quantifying terminal-lake dynamics is crucial for understanding water-ecosystem-economy relationship across endorheic river basins in arid environments. In this study, the spatio-temporal variations in terminal lakes of the lower Heihe River Basin were investigated for the first time since the Ecological Water Diversion Project commenced in 2000. The lake area and corresponding water consumption were determined with 248 Landsat images. Vital recovery of lakes occurred two years after the implementation of the project, and the total lake area increased by 382.6%, from 30.7 to 148.2 km2, during 2002–2017. East Juyan Lake (EJL) was first restored as a project target and subsequently reached a maximum area of 70.1 km2. Water dispersion was initiated in 2003, with the East river prioritized for restoration. Swan Lake in the East river enlarged to 67.7 km2 by 2017, while the other four lakes temporarily existed or maintained an area < 7 km2, such as West Juyan Lake. Water consumed by lakes increased synchronously with lake area. The average water consumption of the six lakes was 1.03 × 108 m3/year, with 63% from EJL. The increasing terminal lakes; however, highlight the seasonal competition for water use between riparian vegetation and lake ecosystems in water-limited areas.
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Qu, Cui Xia, Xing Ke Yang, Hu Jun He, and Hong Ye Song. "Mesozoic Intrusive Rocks Characteristics and Comparative between the West Hubei-Jiangxi and the East Jiangsu-Anhui." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.144.
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This paper relies on "The base structure and guide the middle and lower Yangtze River mine - re-controlling factors of research project" in order to study the Mesozoic intrusive rocks in the characteristics of the middle and lower Yangtze River area and distribute-on of the western part of Hubei - Jiangxi and eastern Jiangsu - Anhui comparative study of eastern and western areas. On the basis of the full collection and comprehensive study of previous data, with the actual project work and research, through comprehensive research and analysis, bounded on the east and west of Jiujiang area controlled by different tectonic framework of characteristics of intrusive rock, mainly from the petrology, rock chemistry, magma sources and diagenetic characteristics such as age were compared with paper.
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Patil, Manti. "Stream Flow Modeling For Ranganadi Hydropower Project in India Considering Climate Change." Current World Environment 11, no. 3 (December 25, 2016): 834–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.3.19.
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The Stream-flow is key component of hydro power project regulation. The present study has been conducted to identify the impact of climate change on stream flow of Ranganadi River, a sub-set of Brahmaputra basin situated at north-East region of India, which receives more rainfall as compare to other parts of India The three GCM model viz.HadCM3, CGCM2 and GFDL monthly data with A2 scenario have been choose for Downscaling by advanced neural technique (Artificial Neural Network).The prediction result show as an positive increasing trend up to 2040 for Ranganadi River. This will create the flood problem but capacity of hydroelectricity generation will be increase.
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Fan, K. W., L. Fok, J. H. W. Lee, and F. Chen. "Epilithic diatom as a biological indicator for the assessment of water quality in the East River." Water Supply 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2007): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.049.
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A group research project has been initiated to develop an integrated river management strategy and assessment criteria for the East River in Guangdong province. Four field surveys were conducted in 2004 to study the geomorphologic, hydrologic and environmental features of the basin. Epilithic diatom and water samples were collected from four sites in the upper and lower reaches of the river. A total of 23 diatom genera were identified from the study sites during the two sampling periods. The diatom genus Nitzschia represented the most pollutant dependent epilithic diatoms, comprising over 38% of the overall diatom population in the polluted sites. The correlation between water quality and the Shannon diversity index (H), generic index (GI), trophic diatom index (TDI) and diatom assemblage index to organic pollution (DAIpo) was investigated in this study. The results suggested that epilithic diatom might be used as a biological indicator for the environmental health assessment of the East River.
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Cao, Zhi-Guo, Si Li, Ya-E. Zhao, Tian-Ping Wang, Robert Bergquist, Yin-Yin Huang, Feng-Hua Gao, Yi Hu, and Zhi-Jie Zhang. "Spatio-temporal pattern of schistosomiasis in Anhui Province, East China: Potential effect of the Yangtze River - Huaihe River Water Transfer Project." Parasitology International 67, no. 5 (October 2018): 538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2018.05.007.
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Herndon, Richard L., and Andrew P. Bradbury. "Refining Woodland Period Chronology and Interactions in Northeastern Missouri." Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 43, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26599965.
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Abstract The recently completed Avenue of Saints (AOS) highway project in the Mississippi Valley of northeastern Missouri resulted in the documentation of Woodland period sites ranging from approximately 200 cal BC to AD 1200. This article updates the existing Woodland chronology for this locality based on new information collected during the project. Data pertaining to Early, Middle, and Late Woodland sites are presented. The approximately 1,400-year occupation span provided researchers an opportunity to view diachronic trends in tool manufacture, subsistence economy, and landscape use. Based on regional comparisons of ceramic and lithic technologies and vessel decoration, the Woodland sequence in northeastern Missouri was influenced by population movements originating from east of the Mississippi River and from southern sources in the Salt River valley.
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Ran, Meng, Liang Guo, Jia Hui Li, Ji Ping Jiang, Jie Liu, and Peng Wang. "Message Mapping for Abrupt Trans-Boundary Environmental Risk Communication in River Basin." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 1742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1742.
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Message mapping is useful for communications which should be easy to understand and reflect the concerns of stakeholders when abrupt trans-boundary environmental pollution occurs in river basin. This paper describes the process undertaken to develop the message maps, and lessons learned thus far. The working group developed a message map for one part of east route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (from Yangtze River to Hongze Lake).The message map can help give clear and concise information for stakeholders communication in a crisis where emotions are high, and provides information support for information map visualization in the near future.
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RATKOVICH LEV, D. O., M. MANHAL, N. V. SAFONOVA, and D. V. AGEEV. "WATER RESOURCES TRANSBOUNDARY RIVERS REGULATION ISSUES." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 2 (2021): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-2-92-101.
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The article concentrates on the water management situation of two transboundary basins of different scales taking into consideration the individual characteristics of the system of water resources using. The water management and environmental problems of the Euphrates (Turkey-Syria) and Karkotis (Cyprus) rivers are analyzed and their water management potential is estimated based on their generalized hydrological parameters. The chosen river basins have catchment areas (440 thousand km2 and 90 km2) that differ by several orders of magnitude, but the essence of the problems remains regardless of the scale and requires an equally detailed analysis and an individual methodological approach. The historically tense Mesopotamian region in terms of water resources is considered on the example of the Euphrates River. The existing and projected hydraulic units and water management systems in the Euphrates basin on the territory of Turkey and Syria predetermine a potential conflict of interests. Without focusing on the political aspects of the problem, the current situation and the real water potential on the border of Turkey and Syria are analyzed. The Karkotis River (another name for Klarios), originates in the north-east of the Troodos mountain range and fl ows into the Morphou gulf, Mediterranean Sea. The project «Kariotis» (the name of the project differs a little from the river name) was created in the 90s of the last century by a group of Soviet specialists on the terms of a contract. The project was not implemented for political reasons, but it is of interest in terms of the project tasks to be solved and cross-border features. The most important areas of the scientifi c research related to the hydrological and water management justification of project solutions for water resources management are formulated. This is a primary condition for effective joint water use in transboundary basins.
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Liu, Bo, You Zhi Wang, and Meng Ting Niu. "Risk Analysis and Control in the Yellow River-Crossing Tunnel of South-to-North Water Diversion East Line." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 2655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.2655.
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The life-cycle of the Yellow River-crossing tunnel is divided into six stages, including planning, design, bidding, construction, operation,maintenance, and disposal. To ensure the safety of the tunnel during various stages, the concept of life-cycle risk management is introduced. The article identified the risks in all stages and proposed corresponding measures for risk controlling, some of which were already applied in the project and achieved good effect.
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Zhang, Hong Ling, Li Na Sun, Jia Xi Tang, and Tie Heng Sun. "Ecological Protection Techniques of Riverbank in Liaohe River, Northeast China." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 4053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4053.
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In the present experiment, we took a section of Liaohe River in east of Shuangan bridge Yingzhou District, Tieling as an example to study ecological slope protection technique of riverbank in an agricultural catchment. In order to assess the potential of the slope protection project, the length of new taproot, height of new branches, and base diameter of shoot were determined. The results showed that the pioneer species such as Salix suchowensis and Amorpha fruticosa are growing very well with strong root system and flourished branches, which can help control soil erosion effectively. Furthermore, the growth indexes of Salix suchowensis were higher than those of Amorpha fruticosa after five months growing. Along with the riverbank being reinforced by soil bioengineering technique, native plants have been in rapid restoration and biodiversity increases.
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Chen, Jing, Chenguang Xiao, and Dan Chen. "Connectivity Evaluation and Planning of a River-Lake System in East China Based on Graph Theory." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (July 18, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1361867.
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The connectivity of the stream network plays an important role in water-mediated transport and river environments, which are threatened by the rugged development process in China. In this study, based on graph theory, a connectivity evaluation index system was built, which includes the Edge Connectivity, Edge-Node rate, Connectivity Reliability, and Edge Weight. The new evaluation standard and calculation method of each index is presented. The river-lake system of Fenhu industrial park in Jiangsu China is simplified to an Edge-Node graph and evaluated by the index system as a case study. The results indicate that the river-lake system of the research area has low Edge Connectivity, a high Edge-Node rate, and high reliability in the current connectivity level. In addition, the Edge Weight index of several channels does not satisfy the standard of the Basic Edge Weight. To solve the connectivity problems, specific project plans include broadening the unqualified channel and building canals linked with the low-connectivity lakes. The results show that, after the planning, the connectivity of the stream network in Fenhu industrial park will increase, and the connectivity evaluation index system is useful in the study area.
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Chapuis, Margot, Amine Ait Elabas, Katia Souriguére, Franck Compagnon, Vincent Mayen, and Benoît Terrier. "Quantification of the morphodynamics and ecological functionality of a Mediterranean river." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 02042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184002042.
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The Var River (South-East France) was extensively modified (channelization, dams…) on the 21th century and is currently undergoing an ambitious restoration project to restore its 'natural' active braiding pattern on the downstream reach of the river. As part of the feedback evaluation of the project, this study aims at: (1) quantifying the morphological evolution of the bed that is recovering from sediment discontinuity; (2) identifying and/or developing hydromorphological and ecological indicators which quantify improvement in the river system from hydrosedimentary and ecological points of view. We used LiDAR and orthophoto datasets and performed analyses for unchannelized braiding rivers [1, 2]. Active width (Wrestored = 242 ± 19 m vs. values ranging from 103 ± 53 to 163 ± 53 m for 'unrestored' reaches) and normalized bed relief index values (BRI*restored = 0,003 ± 0,001 vs. 0,003 ± 0,003 to 0,007 ± 0,004 for 'unrestored' reaches) indicate a combination of low roughness and wide active width. Thus the 'restored' reach shows a different set of indices compared to nearby 'unrestored' reaches, suggesting these tools are promising in discriminating 'restored' vs. 'unrestored' reaches. Adapting existing methods from 'natural' to 'channelized' braiding rivers widened the potential application of the tools developed by Lallias-Tacon [2] to modified braiding river systems.
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Berkun, Mehmet. "Environmental evaluation of Turkey’s transboundary rivers' hydropower systems." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 5 (May 2010): 684–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l10-003.
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The Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP), encompassing 27 dams and 19 hydroelectric power plants, is a large-scale water management program aiming at an increase in domestic electricity production and the development of vast irrigation schemes for agriculture. In spite of numerous benefits experienced in the area, there is also a multitude of impacts observed on the environment. The Coruh River is the longest river of the East Black Sea region and is of high economic importance to Turkey because of its largely exploitable hydropower potential. The Coruh project consists of 27 planned dams and hydroelectric power plants. The planned dams have the potential to cause serious environmental effects in upstream Turkey and downstream Georgia. Equitable, rational, and optimal utilization of transboundary water resources can be achieved through a scientific study, which will determine the true water needs of each riparian country. A precise assessment is needed of the economic, ecological, and social problems on the basis of the environmental impact and cumulative effect assessment reports.
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Wayre, Philip. "A successful reintroduction of European otters." Oryx 19, no. 3 (July 1985): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060530002528x.
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When the Otter Trust was set up in the UK in 1972, one of its long-term intentions was to restore European otters to suitable wild habitat. In 1982, this aim came to fruition with the release of three captive-bred otters into a river in East Anglia. These otters have now bred in the wild and further releases continue to add to the success of the project. The author is Chairman of the Otter Trust.
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Galasiński, Dariusz, and Ulrike H. Meinhof. "Looking across the river." Identity Politics 1, no. 1 (August 16, 2002): 23–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.1.1.05gal.
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The paper reports results of an ongoing ESRC-funded project into constructions of identity in German and Polish border communities. We are interested here in how our informants from different generations position themselves and their communities with regard to those on the other side of the river. The data come from a set of semi-structured interviews conducted in the towns of Guben (Germany) and Gubin (Poland) separated by the river Neisse, with some reference to the data elicited in the similarly split communities on the former East West German border on the Saale. For the people living in our target communities, the official narratives of the nation were re-written not just once, but in the case of the older generation at least three times. This meant a challenge of how to construct their own cultural identity in response to official changes and in relation to oppositional constructions of the nation on the other side of the border literally by ‘looking across’ at the Other in their every-day lives. In this paper we discuss how members of the oldest generation living on both sides of the river Neisse in the respective German and Polish towns of Guben and Gubin construct each other in their discourses. We show that the discourses of the Other are ridden by a mismatch in the constructions of the ownership of the past and the present. While the Polish narratives construct the German neighbours in terms of threat to the present status quo of the town, the German narratives position Gubin mostly in terms of the nostalgic past.
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Akaev, Askar A., Yuri A. Golubitskiy, and Ivan V. Starikov. "The Project of Crating a New World Logisticsю Part I. History and Economics of the Project." Economic Strategies 144, no. 4 (August 20, 2021): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33917/es-4.178.2021.36-47.
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The article presents one of the most promising and ambitious in socio-economic, political, humanitarian aspects of the Russian scientists’ project: “United Eurasia: Trans-Eurasian Belt of RAZVITIE — Integrated Eurasian Transport System (United Eurasia: TEBR-IETS)”. The main purpose of the project is to ensure the connectivity of the territories of the Russian Federation and their active development, first of all, the deep integrated development of Siberia, the Far East and the Arctic. The role of the project in the partnership of the progressive world community is great; the radically modernized Trans-Siberian Railway — the backbone of the project — is designed to connect the Far East, including Japan, with Western Europe and the USA in the future. This fact will make it possible to carry out on the territory of the Russian Federation and the countries included in the project, the systemic coordination of all types of transport, including river and nautical, to create a single world logistics complex of advanced technical and managerial development. The creation of the IETS will consolidate Russian geopolitical position as a transport bridge between the world economic and civilizational regions. It will create conditions for mutually beneficial cooperation with Austria, Germany, France, Czech Republic, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, India; will open up new opportunities for cooperation with North Korea, Canada and USA in the future. It will arouse interest from the PRC in the integration of a similar Chinese project, the "Silk Road" with the Russian Megaproject. The implementation of the Megaproject will allow Russia to offer the world a new effective version of a non-confrontational way of solving international problems, become a geo-economic and geopolitical integrator on the Euro-Asian continent, lay the foundations for the solidarity development of all civilizational centers around Russia as a civilization state, make it senseless and impossible to impose sanctions on Russia, and raise to a qualitatively new level of authority and the role of the Russian Federation in the modern world.
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Archibald, Zofia H., Ark Adams, Sue Ovenden, and Sue Stallibras. "A river port and emporion in Central Bulgaria: an interim report on the British project at Vetren." Annual of the British School at Athens 97 (November 2002): 309–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400017421.
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In 1999, fieldwork was resumed by the British team at Adzhiyska Vodenitsa, Vetren, the site of an inlandemporionwhich has been identified with ancient Pistiros (SEG43. 486, 46. 872*). Excavations were conducted on the terrace with architectural remains in two sectors, north and south of the main east-west road. In the northern sector, 22 pits were investigated. The faunal material from these pits reveals specific butchering methods and the re-articulation of complete body parts following butchery. Among the finds aregraffition pottery, including a votive inscription to Zeus. In the southern sector, there are traces of residential use. The report includes an account of geophysical prospection to determine the nature of land use beyond the terrace, with evidence suggesting that the settlement was directly adjacent to the River Maritsa (ancient Hebros).
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Lynch, Patrick D., Janet A. Nye, Jonathan A. Hare, Charles A. Stock, Michael A. Alexander, James D. Scott, Kiersten L. Curti, and Katherine Drew. "Projected ocean warming creates a conservation challenge for river herring populations." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 2 (August 11, 2014): 374–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu134.
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Abstract The term river herring collectively refers to alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (A. aestivalis), two anadromous fishes distributed along the east coast of North America. Historically, river herring spawning migrations supported important fisheries, and their spawning runs continue to be of cultural significance to many coastal communities. Recently, substantial declines in spawning run size prompted a petition to consider river herring for listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The ESA status review process requires an evaluation of a species’ response to multiple stressors, including climate change. For anadromous species that utilize a range of habitats throughout their life cycle, the response to a changing global climate is inherently complex and likely varies regionally. River herring occupy marine habitat for most of their lives, and we demonstrate that their relative abundance in the ocean has been increasing in recent years. We project potential effects of ocean warming along the US Atlantic coast on river herring in two seasons (spring and fall), and two future periods (2020–2060 and 2060–2100) by linking species distribution models to projected temperature changes from global climate models. Our analyses indicate that climate change will likely result in reductions in total suitable habitat across the study region, which will alter the marine distribution of river herring. We also project that density will likely decrease for both species in fall, but may increase in spring. Finally, we demonstrate that river herring may have increased sensitivity to climate change under a low abundance scenario. This result could be an important consideration for resource managers when planning for climate change because establishing effective conservation efforts in the near term may improve population resiliency and provide lasting benefits to river herring populations.
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Allen, Mitchell, and William B. Trousdale. "Early Iron Age culture of Sistan, Afghanistan." Afghanistan 2, no. 1 (April 2019): 29–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afg.2019.0025.
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The Helmand Sistan Project, conducted by the Smithsonian Institution and Afghan Directorate of Archaeology and Historic Preservation in the 1970s but hitherto unpublished, uncovered through survey and excavation an extensive settlement system along the lower Helmand River dating to the late second and early first millennia BCE. Of note were a series of platform-based settlements in the Sar-o-Tar region east of the Helmand River along of a series of large canals first constructed at this time, which allowed for extensive cultivation in the otherwise deserted region. Excavations at one of these sites, Qala 169, gave us a rich understanding of the settlement pattern and material culture of the early Iron Age, including a style of hitherto-unknown fine ware wheel-made painted ceramics. Finds from Qala 169 are compared to at least 21 other related sites surveyed by the project in the lower Helmand Valley and in Sar-o-Tar. Comparisons are also made between this corpus and early Iron Age sites elsewhere in Afghanistan, Iran, South Asia, and Central Asia, showing that this material represented a unique regional style.
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Greenberg, Ken. "Toward the green city through revitalizing major obsolescent urban lands." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 424-426 (June 1, 2004): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471424-426218.
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The author, an architect and urban designer, has played a leading role on a broad range of assignments in highly diverse urban settings in North America and Europe. Much of his work focuses on the rejuvenation of downtowns, waterfronts, neighborhoods, and campus master planning. His projects include the award-winning Saint Paul on the Mississippi Development Framework, the Brooklyn Bridge Park on the East River in New York, the East River waterfront in Lower Manhattan, the Fan Pier in Boston, the Southwest and Southeast Waterfronts in Washington, DC, the Vision Plan for Washington DC, Kendall Square and North Point/Lechmere Square in Cambridge, the Downtown Hartford Economic and Urban Design Action Strategy and the Downtown Master Plan for Fort Lauderdale. Current efforts include the " Big Picture for the Big Dig": the Rose Kennedy Greenway in Boston, the renewal of Regent Park, a major public housing project in Toronto; the implementation of the Convention District Master Plan in San Juan, P.R., and Urban Design advice for the Cincinnati Center City Development Corp (3CDC). In each city, with each project, his strategic, consensus-building approach has led to coordinated planning and a renewed focus on urban design. The text that follows is an edited and revised version of a paper presented at the international symposion on"The Natural City, " Toronto, 23-25 June, 2004, sponsored by the University of Toronto's Division of the Environment, Institute for Environmental Studies, and the World Society for Ekistics.
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Verpaelst, Pierre, A. Shirley Péloquin, Erick Adam, Arthur E. Barnes, John N. Ludden, Denis-Jacques Dion, Claude Hubert, Bernd Milkereit, and Michel Labrie. "Seismic reflection profiles across the "Mine Series" in the Noranda camp of the Abitibi belt, eastern Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e95-014.
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The Abitibi–Grenville Lithoprobe project completed a regional (line 21) and a high-resolution (line 21-1) seismic survey in the Noranda Central Volcanic Complex of the Blake River Group, Abitibi, Quebec. Line 21 provides a regional framework in which the Archean crust is divided into three layers, two of which are discussed here: the uppermost layer, which corresponds to the Blake River Group, is the least reflective, and lies above 4 s (12 km), and the mid-crustal layer, which is composed of a complex pattern of generally east-northeast-dipping reflectors and lies between 4 and 8 s. Within the regional data, the Mine Series of the Central Volcanic Complex is imaged as a semitransparent series of reflectors overlying a highly reflective east-facing structure interpreted as the subvolcanic Flavrian pluton. The high-resolution data (line 21-1) were collected in the vicinity of the Ansil mine. The seismic images in this region can be controlled by surface geology and extensive drill-hole data, and the project was designed to test the applicability of seismic reflection profiling in providing structural and stratigraphic information for use in mineral exploration: shallow-dipping reflectors correlate well with lithological variations or contacts in the volcanic sequence; strong subhorizontal reflectors correspond to diorite and gabbro dykes and sills; several abrupt lateral changes in the reflectivity coincide with known intrusive contacts such as the Lac Dufault pluton.
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Song, Shang Na, Ming Zeng, Wen Ming Wang, Shi Min Zhang, Da Yu, Hua Chang Niu, and Yue Xia Han. "Engineering Mechanics Analysis of Pigging for S Elbow of Oil-Gas Pipe." Advanced Materials Research 700 (May 2013): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.700.128.
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S elbow in Zhijing River is one of the key parts in the East Gas Transmission Pipeline Project. It brings a great deal of uncertainty and risk factors for pipeline pigging operations. By analysis on dynamic of pig pigging and the impact over bending, this paper established the finite element model, simulated pigging process on the condition that the operating parameters of the pipeline pigging operations were given, analyzed the relationship among pipeline pressure, foam pigging speed and pipe stress, then obtained the security of pipeline pigging operations.
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Cocean, Pompei, Ana-Maria Pop, and Lelia Papp. "Integrated development strategy of the catchment area of the Tisza river." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 60 (July 24, 2014): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/60/2019.
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The main challenge for mankind has always been to eliminate the borders of its living space, as well as to explore and discover its new faces. Contemporary literature strengthens this postulate. It is the preference of the experts of various fields in spatial analysis is to consider space to be repairable, changeable and organisable. In accordance with this axiom, the five affected countries in the catchment area of the Tisza river (Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, Slovakia and Serbia) worked out an integrated, mutual standpoint to support the problems of the catchment area and to exploit its opportunities with the aim to support transnational cooperation. They laid great emphasis on the existing resources which could become the driving force behind regional development directions. This study contains the summarised outcomes of the TICAD project (SEE/A 638/4.2./X) which was drawn up as a result of cooperation between renowned institutions of the five affected countries within the South East Europe Transnational Cooperation Programme (lead partner: VÁTI, Hungary).
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Citino, Nathan J. "The Ghosts of Development: The United States and Jordan's East Ghor Canal." Journal of Cold War Studies 16, no. 4 (October 2014): 159–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00519.
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The East Ghor Canal was a Cold War–era irrigation project financed by the U.S. government in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. By placing East Ghor in the context of previous land reform campaigns in the Jordan River valley during the Ottoman imperial and British mandatory periods, this article criticizes scholarly interpretations of Cold War modernization. Portraying U.S. overseas development policies as outgrowths of American liberalism ignores the ways in which the liberal tradition could be reconfigured when it encountered other reform legacies in Third World regions. The transnational study of postwar expertise neglects the distinct historical antecedents that prepared the ground for development programs in particular places. The article challenges the notion of American exceptionalism by reinterpreting East Ghor in a long-term regional context. Global and regional perspectives together are needed to understand the history of development, a point that underscores the need for greater collaboration between Cold War and area studies.
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Zheng, W., B. Wu, J. He, and Y. Yu. "The East Asian summer monsoon at mid-Holocene: results from PMIP3 simulations." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 4 (August 8, 2012): 3251–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-3251-2012.
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Abstract. Ten Coupled General Circulation Models (CGCMs) participating the third phase of Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison project (PMIP3) are assessed for the simulations of East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) at both the present climate and mid-Holocene. Results show that the PMIP3 model median well captures the characteristics of the EASM, including the two distinct features of the Meiyu Front and the stepwise meridional displacement of the monsoon rainbelt. At mid-Holocene, the enhanced EASM is simulated by the PMIP3 models. The model median shows that the changes of surface air temperature and precipitation are within the range as indicated by the proxy data over the eastern China. Both the changes of monsoonal circulation and the water vapor content favor the increasing of summer precipitation. Regional features can be identified between models because of their different simulations of the above changes. The model spread for the surface air temperature (TAS) is relatively smaller when compared with that of PMIP2 models in both the Northern Hemisphere and the eastern China. However, the model spread of summer precipitation is larger among PMIP3 models, particularly in the lower reaches of Yangzi River. The TAS over Tibetan Plateau has a positive relationship with the precipitation in the lower reaches of Yangzi River, yet this relationship does not apply for those PMIP3 models in which the monsoonal precipitation is more sensitive to the changes of large-scale circulation.
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Estraikh, Gennady, and Iosef Brener. "“Birobidzhan Generation”: Construction of a Shtetl in the Far East." Judaic-Slavic Journal, no. 1 (5) (2021): 193–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2021.1.09.
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This article attempts to add understanding to the project of constructing the Far Eastern Jewish autonomy. It is emphasized that from the very beginning, in 1928, Birobidzhan had been built without any definite plan or, when a plan did exist, it usually would not be followed through. Twice, in the 1930s and 1940s, repressions weakened the intellectual and professional composition of the population of the Jewish Autonomous Region. Turning the city of Birobidzhan into a significant academic and cultural center remained an unrealized dream of enthusiasts of the Far Eastern Jewish autonomy. Even the construction of modern housing and sewage began as late as the 1960s. Birobidzhan languished as a backwater with a Jewish minority population, whose educational level was considerably lower than that, on average, for Soviet Jews. In stark contrast to an exemplary modern city, envisioned in blueprints of the early 1930s, the settlement of the bank of Bira River grew into essentially a shtetl, which endured until the 1990s, when the vast majority of its Jews left the area.
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Estraikh, Gennady, and Iosef Brener. "“Birobidzhan Generation”: Construction of a Shtetl in the Far East." Judaic-Slavic Journal, no. 1 (5) (2021): 193–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2021.1.09.
Full textAbstract:
This article attempts to add understanding to the project of constructing the Far Eastern Jewish autonomy. It is emphasized that from the very beginning, in 1928, Birobidzhan had been built without any definite plan or, when a plan did exist, it usually would not be followed through. Twice, in the 1930s and 1940s, repressions weakened the intellectual and professional composition of the population of the Jewish Autonomous Region. Turning the city of Birobidzhan into a significant academic and cultural center remained an unrealized dream of enthusiasts of the Far Eastern Jewish autonomy. Even the construction of modern housing and sewage began as late as the 1960s. Birobidzhan languished as a backwater with a Jewish minority population, whose educational level was considerably lower than that, on average, for Soviet Jews. In stark contrast to an exemplary modern city, envisioned in blueprints of the early 1930s, the settlement of the bank of Bira River grew into essentially a shtetl, which endured until the 1990s, when the vast majority of its Jews left the area.
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Li, Wang Lin, Ying Te Li, and Jian Ying Yu. "Application of New Concrete Materials in Channel Lining of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 942–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.942.
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Concrete lining is commonly used in large channel project to fixup soil slope and prevent channel seepage. Concrete lining is a type of thin plates structure which should have the high compression strength, crack resistance and durability. Two new high performance concrete (HPC) are used in lining project of south main channel of Yellow River-crossing project in east-route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. One is flyash HPC with manufactured-sand and the other is HPC with cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing material (CCCW); meanwhile, the mix proportion of flyash HPC with manufactured-sand and HPC with CCCW are recommended. For flyash HPC with manufactured-sand, the recommendatory water-binder ratio is 0.4 and the recommendatory flyash content is 30%. For HPC with CCCW, the recommendatory water-binder ratio is 0.48 and the recommendatory CCCW content is 1.5%.With the wide application of new HPC, the compression strength, crack resistance and durability of lining concrete are improved, channel seepage discharge is reduced and a large amount of natural building materials are saved.
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Marcot, Bruce G., Sergei S. Ganzei, Tiefu Zhang, and Boris A. Voronov. "A sustainable plan for conserving forest biodiversity in far East Russia and northeast China." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 5 (October 1, 1997): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73565-5.
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An ongoing, trinational project is providing the first environmentally sustainable economic development plan for the Ussuri River watershed (URW) in Far East Russia and northeast China. The URW is host to a unique mix of northern taiga and southern subtropical biota, and contains many endemic, relict, and highly threatened species of plants and animals. In Russia, severe monetary inflation and a shift to a market economy have left some aspects of forest biodiversity in jeopardy, particularly policing for wildlife poachers, regulating CITES (international wildlife trafficking) violations, ensuring long-term sustained production of timber and non-timber forest products, protecting unique habitats, and adequately staffing scientific reserves and funding needed research. In China, broad scale conversion of remaining wetlands to agriculture and rice paddies, and of diverse native forests to intensively managed, monocultural plantations, is helping to sustain the economy but is sacrificing biodiversity. A proposed sustainable land use plan has (1) mapped resource use areas, including both proposed and existing transborder nature areas, (2) encouraged foreign investment in both countries, and (3) encouraged sustainable development of natural resource markets that will be compatible with long-term conservation of biodiversity. A hallmark of this plan is integrating the needs of the people with the capacity of the land through both environmental protection and wise resource use. Key words: Russia, China, Far East, Ussuri River watershed, biodiversity, sustainable, land use plan, wildlife
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Kislov, Alexander, and Pavel Toropov. "East European river runoff and Black Sea and Caspian Sea level changes as simulated within the Paleoclimate modeling intercomparison project." Quaternary International 167-168 (June 2007): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.10.005.
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Dappert-Coonrod, Claire P., and Martha Mihich. "Walking in Their Shoes: A Late Victorian Shoe Assemblage from the New Mississippi River Bridge Project in East St. Louis." Historical Archaeology 52, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 643–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41636-018-0139-2.
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Rahman, MM, MR Rahman, and M. Asaduzzaman. "Establishment of Dams and Embankments of Frontier River of North East Part of India: Impact on North-Western Region of Bangladesh." Journal of Science Foundation 8, no. 1-2 (April 16, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v8i1-2.14614.
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India has built barrages on 17 more rivers in the east and northeast border with Bangladesh. Most of these dams and embankments act as the main barrier to flow water towards downstream like Bangladesh. As a result the rivers of Bangladesh that comes from India are falling in crisis of proper water. A study showed about 30 rivers of north-western part of Bangladesh gets very few water only due to dams and embankment made by India at the upstream of those rivers. Such massive water control projects of India are clearly a threat for a state that lies down of those. Unfortunately, and often ironically, national leaders of our country prefer to negotiate this sensitive matter rather than to make a strong protect of this inhuman and unethical activities. What is more astonishing news is that some time our state policy makers like to keep silent and avoid about it. India is always ready to controlling nature to serve economic development rather than addressing issues of trans-boundary and socio-environmental responsibilities. In fact, Indian plan to divert the water of Frontier Rivers is increasing at an alarming rate for Bangladesh. Here one thing is mentionable that is this types of project even harmful for India also. And peoples of north western state of India are in against of such harmful and high ambitious unnecessary project. Some time they also make a protest against it. Recently China and India are going to establish a large dam at the up Stream of Brahmaputra River. It would impair Indias own plan to link approximately thirty of its own rivers, a project that is bound to affect the downstream riparian state of Bangladesh. As a result drastic fall in the water flow of Teesta during the lean season, especially in February and March will occur in more frequent and will seriously hampers irrigation in Bangladesh. Such international trans-boundary river development projects raise many important issues. They never consider the impact that will impose upon the down stream part like Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v8i1-2.14614 J. Sci. Foundation, 8(1&2): 1-12, June-December 2010
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Al-Khafaji, Mahmoud, Hayder Al Thamiry, and Ala Al-Saedi. "Possibility of reusing Al-Machraya River for feeding Hawizeh marsh." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816203004.
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Al Machraya River was considered as one of the water feeders of Hawizeh Marsh. In 1986, the outlet of this river into the marsh was blocked and the river was used as a main channel for the East Tigris Irrigation Project near Kalat Salih. This causes significant decrease in the available water supply sources, deterioration in the water quality distribution patterns and increasing the stagnation areas within the marsh. This research aims to study the possibility of reusing this river for feeding Hawizeh Marsh. A frequency analysis study was carried out to study the maximum and minimum probable water level (MMPWL) of Tigris River at the upstream of Kalat Salih Barrage. Six statistical models; Normal distribution, Log-Normal type II, Log-Normal type III, Pearson type III, Log- Pearson type III and Gumbel type I distribution were used to estimate the MMPWL. The results show that Pearson type III and Gumbel type I distribution models are the best to fit the maximum and minimum daily water level (WL), respectively, at the upstream of the Barrage. The estimated MMPWL were compared to the required WL in Hawizeh Marsh. The difference between Tigris River and Hawizeh Marsh water levels were found to be not operative to cause a significant flow toward the marsh. Therefore, Al Machraya River cannot be used to feed Hawizeh Marsh.
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Collins, Daniel B. G. "New Zealand River Hydrology under Late 21st Century Climate Change." Water 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 2175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082175.
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Climate change is increasingly affecting the water cycle and as freshwater plays a vital role in countries’ societal and environmental well-being it is important to develop national assessments of potential climate change impacts. Focussing on New Zealand, a climate-hydrology model cascade is used to project hydrological impacts of late 21st century climate change at 43,862 river locations across the country for seven hydrological metrics. Mean annual and seasonal river flows validate well across the whole model cascade, and the mean annual floods to a lesser extent, while low flows exhibit a large positive bias. Model projections show large swathes of non-significant effects across the country due to interannual variability and climate model uncertainty. Where changes are significant, mean annual, autumn, and spring flows increase along the west and south and decrease in the north and east. The largest and most extensive increases occur during winter, while during summer decreasing flows outnumber increasing. The mean annual flood increases more in the south, while mean annual low flows show both increases and decreases. These hydrological changes are likely to have important long-term implications for New Zealand’s societal, cultural, economic, and environmental well-being.
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Gharabaghi, Bahram, Chris Inkratas, Spyros Beltaos, and Bommanna Krishnappan. "Modelling of three-dimensional flow velocities in a deep hole in the East Channel of the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 1312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-054.
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The Mackenzie River has several anomalous deep scour holes in a number of river channels in its delta. Proposed gas pipeline crossings have renewed interest in studying the stability of these scour holes. The main goal of this research project was to study flow velocity and bed shear stress distributions for a 30 m deep hole in the East Channel of the Mackenzie Delta as a first step toward assessing the stability of the scour hole and the risk of its migration during various flow conditions. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element flow model, FLUENT, using the renormalization group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model (where k is the turbulent kinetic energy and ε is the turbulence dissipation rate) was set up for the scour hole and calibrated using detailed measurements of 3D flow velocities, obtained with an acoustic doppler current profiler. The numerical model was then applied to predict flow velocity and bed shear stress distributions in and around the scour hole for three flow conditions (720, 1000, and 1400 m3/s). Results indicate that two vortices are formed in the river elbow above the scour hole. As the flow rate changed, the sizes of the vortices varied. The region upstream of the hole experienced the greatest magnitudes of bed shear stress.Key words: computational fluid dynamics, finite element, bed shear stress, deep hole, flow reversal.
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Booth, C. A., A. Warianti, and T. Wrigley. "Establishing an Integrated Catchment Management (ICM) program in East Java, Indonesia." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 9 (May 1, 2001): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0545.
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The Brantas is one of Indonesia's most important catchments. It is the “rice bowl” of Java and nationally important for its industrial activity. Surabaya, Indonesia's second largest city, is located at the mouth of the Brantas River which is pivotal to the city's water supply. The challenges associated with the institutional framework for natural resource management in East Java parallels that of many states and provinces around the globe. It is multi-layered and complex. Integrated Catchment Management (ICM) may be defined as “the co-ordinated and sustainable management of land, water, soil vegetation, fauna and other natural resources on a water catchment basis”. Over a period of six months, an ICM Strategy was researched and facilitated for the Brantas River Catchment in East Java via a short term advisor attachment. The aim of the Strategy is to improve co-ordination, co-operation, communication and consistency of government and community efforts towards sustaining the catchment's environmental, economic and social values. The attachment was part of the Pollution Control Implementation (PCI) Project funded by AusAid and the Indonesian Government. The ICM Strategy developed was broad based and addressed the priority natural resource management issues facing the Brantas Catchment. It was co-ordinated by BAPEDALDA, the Provincial Environmental Protection Agency, and developed by all agencies involved in natural resource management in the catchment. Various Universities and Non Government Organisations (NGOs) were also involved in the ICM process which developed the Strategy. At the conclusion of the attachment, a draft ICM Strategy and a proposed institutional framework had been developed. A working group of key agencies was also established to further enhance local “ownership”, finalise timescales and implementation responsibilities within the Strategy and bring the institutional arrangements into being through a Governor's Decree.
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Wang, Chenghai, Xin-Zhong Liang, and Arthur N. Samel. "AMIP GCM Simulations of Precipitation Variability over the Yangtze River Valley." Journal of Climate 24, no. 8 (April 15, 2011): 2116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli3631.1.
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Abstract Analysis of 26 simulations from 11 general circulation models (GCMs) of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) II reveals a basic inability to simultaneously predict the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) precipitation (PrYRV) annual cycle and summer interannual variability in response to observed global SST distributions. Only the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) and L’Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL) models reproduce the observed annual cycle, but both fail to capture the interannual variability. Conversely, only Max Planck Institute (MPI) simulates interannual variability reasonably well, but its annual cycle leads observations by 2 months. The interannual variability of PrYRV reveals two distinct signals in observations, which are identified with opposite subtropical Pacific SST anomalies in the east (SSTe) and west (SSTw). First, negative SSTe anomalies are associated with equatorward displacement of the upper-level East Asian jet (ULJ) over China. The resulting transverse circulation enhances low-level southerly flow over the South China Sea and south China while convergent flow and upward motion increase over the YRV. Second, positive SSTw anomalies are linked with westward movement of the subtropical high over the west-central Pacific. This strengthens the low-level jet (LLJ) to the south of the YRV. These two signals act together to enhance PrYRV. The AMIP II suite, however, generally fails to reproduce these features. Only the MPI.3 realization is able to simulate both signals and, consequently, realistic PrYRV interannual variations. It appears that PrYRV is governed primarily by coherent ULJ and LLJ variations that act as the atmospheric bridges to remote SSTe and SSTw forcings, respectively. The PrYRV response to global SST anomalies may then be realistically depicted only when both bridges are correctly simulated. The above hypothesis does not exclude other signals that may play important roles linking PrYRV with remote SST forcings through certain atmospheric bridges, which deserve further investigation.
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Ponok, Nittaya, Noppol Arunrat, Nathsuda Pumijumnong, Hironori Hamasaki, and Sukanya Sereenonchai. "Challenges of Water Policy Involvement of the Community in the East Coast River Basin of Thailand." Water 13, no. 23 (December 1, 2021): 3395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13233395.
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Water policy-making requires the dedicated involvement of all stakeholders, but difficulties remain for the community sector. This study aims to examine the critical challenges of community involvement in water policy decision-making in Thailand. Both qualitative and quantitative methods used in this research project consisted of 39 interviews with informants from a variety of interested parties and 403 community members from around the East Coast River Basin in Thailand completing a survey questionnaire. The results have shown that although mechanisms to enable community involvement in decision-making, such as public consultation and water-related committees, exist, problems remain within the community sector. The critical challenges lie in the opportunities of being consulted and the sharing of power in water policy-making. Although the networks are important, at the same time, they are also obstructing the community sectors in linking their requirements to a final decision, as well as dealing with politics, policy-makers, and staff who organized the process. Therefore, the government should further develop water committee mechanisms by setting up a comprehensive yet practically easy consultation process so that new or inexperienced community members get an opportunity to practice and learn the vital elements necessary in water policy-making. Further research should be conducted in order to compare the opportunities in water decision-making between communities in rural and urban areas. Studies at the local government level should be carried out, with results used as a mechanism to enable community involvement at higher levels of water policy decision-making.
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Wang, Zheng Bing, and Pingxing Ding. "THE BRANCHING CHANNEL NETWORK IN THE YANGTZE ESTUARY." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 11, 2012): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.sediment.69.
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The channels in the Yangtze Estuary have an ordered-branching structure: The estuary is first divided by the Chongming Island into the North Branch and the South Branch. Then the South Branch is divided into the North Channel and South Channel by the Islands Changxing and Hengsha. The South Channel is again divided into the North and South Passage by the Jiuduansha Shoal. This three-level bifurcation and four-outlet configuration appears to be a natural character of the estuary, also in the past (Chen et al., 1982), although the whole system has been extending into the East China Sea in the southeast direction due to the abundant sediment supply from the Yangtze River. Recently, the natural development of the system seems to be substantially disturbed by human interferences, especially the Deep Navigation Channel Project. For the understanding of the behaviour of the bifurcating channel system in the estuary we present analysis on two aspects: (1) the equilibrium configuration of river delta distributary networks, and (2) influence of tidal flow on the morphological equilibrium of rivers. Based on the analyses we conclude that the branching channel structure of the Yangtze Estuary can be classified as tide-influenced river delta distributary networks. Its basic structure is the same as in case of river dominated delta. The empirical relations describing the basic features of the river-dominated distributary delta networks can be explained by theoretical analysis, although they are not fully satisfied by the Yangtze Estuary because of the influence of the tide. Two major influences of the tide are identified, viz. increasing the resistance to the river flow into the sea and increasing the sediment transport capacity. As consequence of these two influences the cross-sectional area of the river/estuary increases in the seawards direction and the bed slope decreases. The insights from the analyses are helpful for the understanding of the impact of the Deep Navigation Channel Project on the large scale morphological development of the estuary.
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Zheng, W., B. Wu, J. He, and Y. Yu. "The East Asian Summer Monsoon at mid-Holocene: results from PMIP3 simulations." Climate of the Past 9, no. 1 (February 25, 2013): 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-453-2013.
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Abstract. Ten Coupled General Circulation Models (CGCMs) participated in the third phase of Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP3) are assessed for the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) in both the pre-Industrial (PI, 0 ka) and mid-Holocene (MH, 6 ka) simulations. Results show that the PMIP3 model median captures well the large-scale characteristics of the EASM, including the two distinct features of the Meiyu rainbelt and the stepwise meridional displacement of the monsoonal rainbelt. At mid-Holocene, the PMIP3 model median shows significant warming (cooling) during boreal summer (winter) over Eurasia continent that are dominated by the changes of insolation. However, the PMIP3 models fail to simulate a warmer annual mean and winter surface air temperature (TAS) over eastern China as derived from proxy records. The EASM at MH are featured by the changes of large-scale circulation over Eastern China while the changes of precipitation are not significant over its sub-domains of the Southern China and the lower reaches of Yangzi River. The inter-model differences for the monsoon precipitation can be associated with different configurations of the changes in large-scale circulation and the water vapour content, of which the former determines the sign of precipitation changes. The large model spread for the TAS over Tibetan Plateau has a positive relationship with the precipitation in the lower reaches of Yangzi River, yet this relationship does not apply to those PMIP3 models in which the monsoonal precipitation is more sensitive to the changes of large-scale circulation. Except that the PMIP3 model median captured the warming of annual mean TAS over Tibetan Plateau, no significant improvements can be concluded when compared with the PMIP2 models results.
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Casana, Jesse, and Claudia Glatz. "THE LAND BEHIND THE LAND BEHIND BAGHDAD: ARCHAEOLOGICAL LANDSCAPES OF THE UPPER DIYALA (SIRWAN) RIVER VALLEY." Iraq 79 (May 8, 2017): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/irq.2017.3.
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While the Diyala (Kurdish Sirwan) River Valley is storied in Near Eastern archaeology as home to the Oriental Institute's excavations in the 1930s as well as to Robert McC. Adams’ pioneering archaeological survey, The Land Behind Baghdad, the upper reaches of the river valley remain almost unknown to modern scholarship. Yet this region, at the interface between irrigated lowland Mesopotamia and the Zagros highlands to the north and east, has long been hypothesized as central to the origins and development of complex societies. It was hotly contested by Bronze Age imperial powers, and offered one of the principle access routes connecting Mespotamia to the Iranian Plateau and beyond. This paper presents an interim report of the Sirwan Regional Project, a regional archaeological survey undertaken from 2013–2015 in a 4000 square kilometre area between the modern city of Darbandikhan and the plains south of Kalar. Encompassing a wide range of environments, from the rugged uplands of the Zagros front ranges to the rich irrigated basins of the Middle Diyala, the project has already discovered a wealth of previously unknown archaeological sites ranging in date from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic through the modern period. Following an overview of the physical geography of the Upper Diyala/Sirwan, this paper highlights key findings that are beginning to transform our understanding of this historically important but poorly known region.
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Siemaszko, Jerzy. "Stone Age settlement in the Lega Valley microregion of north-east Poland." European Journal of Archaeology 2, no. 3 (1999): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.1999.2.3.293.
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Over a period of 14 years, and as part of the Polish Archaeological Record research project, the author directed a field survey of the whole of the Lega river basin (NE Poland) – an area of over 850 km2. As a result of the survey of this hitherto poorly investigated area, almost 1100 archaeological sites were discovered, 748 of which contained lithic materials. The most interesting sites were initially studied by detailed mapping of surface-find distribution and later by excavation. A complete study of the whole drainage basin was very important for settlement research. The large number of the surface lithic assemblages enables reliable statistical analyses and accurate cartographic studies supported by palaeo-environmental reconstructions. Lithic assemblages were analysed from the point of production techniques and typology, dispelling some doubts about chronological-cultural affiliations of flint inventories from north-east Poland and neighbouring countries, but also raising new questions. It was possible to observe clear and changing settlement preferences in the late Palaeolithic and Mesolithic in the zone of late Glacial lakes and their adjacent outwash territories to the south. Six concentrations of sites were discovered, associated with communication routes and zones of economic activity.
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Chen, Dongxing, Lin Zeng, Katherine Boot, and Qianqian Liu. "Satellite Observed Spatial and Temporal Variabilities of Particulate Organic Carbon in the East China Sea." Remote Sensing 14, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 1799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14081799.
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In this study, we investigate spatial and temporal variabilities of particulate organic carbon (POC) in the East China Sea (ECS) and explore the dominant influencing factors for its three subregions—coastal, continental shelf and open sea—by analyzing satellite derived POC from 2001 to 2011 after calibration against in situ samplings. The analysis reveals that the largest POC occurs in spring at the coastal region with a value of 297.5 mg m−3, and the smallest in summer at the open sea region with a value of 108.9 mg m−3. POC in the coastal region is dominated by biological activity related to river discharge of nutrients and organic matter, and is regulated by sediment discharge variation due to the Three Gorge Project and chemical fertilizer application along the Changjiang River watershed; the open sea region is dominated by water exchange with the Kuroshio current, which results in the highest sea surface temperature and the lowest chlorophyll and POC among the three subregions; POC in the continental shelf region is driven by the seasonal competition between the influence of the coastal ocean and the Kuroshio current through biological activity and water exchange. A method to estimate the organic matter reserve in the ECS was developed based on satellite data and in situ samplings. Organic carbon storage was estimated at 4.08 × 1013 g, which could be used as a baseline for future estimates. An improved estimation could be found with additional in situ data and with the use of a more sophisticated algorithm for satellite POC analysis.
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Kang, Hyun Tae. "DESIGN OF THE DOBRA CHANTI SUSPENSION BRIDGE IN DISTRICT TEHRI GARHWAL, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA." JURNAL TEKNIK SIPIL-ARSITEKTUR 20, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54564/jtsa.v20i2.84.
Full textAbstract:
Since the Tehri dam was constructed on the River Bhagirathi in 2006, considerable productive land areas, many villages, including old Tehri town in Tehri-Garhwal district has been submerged. It has also disconnected the travel and transportation routes along the east slopes of the reservoir, making the local residents lose access to the New Tehri town, which is equipped with resident-friendly facilities including health and education institutions and markets. Accordingly, the Uttarakhand Government has proposed to build the Dobra-Chanti H.M.V. Suspension Bridge to meet the local demand for an easy intra-regional accessibility, especially between the left and right sides of the River Bhagirathi. The project consists of a single-span suspension bridge, an approach bridge at each end of the suspension bridge, and slope protection work on each side. The suspension bridge has a 440m-long stiffening truss girder, 57m-tall steel towers, locked coil cable systems including suspenders, and anchor blocks. The approach bridges are reinforced concrete bridges with T-shaped beams. And river side slopes installed on both banks are protected and stabilized through CC blocks, shotcrete, and anchor bolts. All cek dimension has met the requirement
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Cheng, Jianhua, Wanhong Yang, Chenxia Yang, Kai Wang, Chao Qiang, Yanxia Ding, and Zhifa Gao. "Study on the Layout of the Section from Yangtse River to Hongze Lake of the Second Phase Project of the East Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 676, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/676/1/012136.
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Zhao, C. S., C. M. Liu, Y. Sun, G. Yang, S. M. Mitrovic, and H. Wang. "Heterogeneity of water quality in Huai River, China by using bio-monitoring data." Water Supply 13, no. 6 (September 12, 2013): 1524–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.162.
Full textAbstract:
A new approach by combining bioindicators (BiI) and biotic indices (BIs) for evaluating water quality is presented in this paper. It is then applied to the Huai River Basin (HRB), China, which is well-known globally for its heavy anthropogenic influences. Results indicate that the spatial distribution of BI-indicated water quality has roughly the same pattern as that shown by BiI, but the pollution level using BI was, on average, greater than that by BiI; the northern plain area has a degraded water quality (ranging from ‘α-mesosaprobic’ to ‘α-polysaprobic’ in a wet season) while the southern mountain area and the southern part of the East Line of the South–North Water Transfer Project has a better water quality (‘β-mesosaprobic’). Water quality is worse in the dry season than in the wet season. We concluded that zoobenthos and zooplankton are more reliable indicators of water quality; biological indices are more sensitive to water quality but less reliable than BiI. These results will be of use in the ecological restoration of the Huai River and benefit water resource management in HRB in the future.