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1
Juřičková, Lucie, Jitka Horáčková, Anna Jansová, Jiří Kovanda, Ján Harčár, and Vojen Ložek. "A glacial refugium and zoogeographic boundary in the Slovak eastern Carpathians." Quaternary Research 91, no. 1 (December 7, 2018): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.68.
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AbstractAlthough the Carpathians in Europe have often been considered a glacial refugium for temperate plants, vertebrates, and molluscs, the fossil records, the only indisputable evidence surviving glacial periods, are as yet scarce. Moreover, the distribution of fossil records is uneven, and some areas have remained unstudied. We present here three molluscan successions from such an area—the border between the western and eastern Carpathians. This area is not only a geographic border but also a border between the oceanic and continental climate in Europe, and the molluscan fauna reflects this. We found a fluctuation of this zoogeographical border during the late glacial period and the Holocene for several snail species with their easternmost or westernmost distribution situated at this border. Such a fluctuation could reflect a small-scale shifting of climate character during the Holocene. For the first time, we recorded the fossil shells of three local endemics, Carpathica calophana, Petasina bielzi, and Perforatella dibothrion. We also found a fully developed woodland snail fauna radiocarbon dated to the Bølling period. This early occurrence of canopy forest snails indicates a possible eastern Carpathian glacial refugium for them, including local endemics, and may reflect a more moderate glacial impact on local biota than expected.
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Passia, Radoslav, and Luybica Babotova. "Mixed Identity. Some Theoretical Aspects of Research on Eastern Carpathian Border Area." Академічний журнал "Слово і Час", no. 4 (April 24, 2019): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33608/0236-1477.2019.04.81-87.
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The paper deals with relationship between Slovak and Ukrainian literatures and cultures of the 19th and 20th centuries in the Eastern Carpathian border area. The author considers this particularly multiethnic region as one of the relatively independent cultural areas of the Central Europe. The Slovak literature since the mid-19th century shows this space as a heterotopia. Narrative perspectives of a stranger, outcast, migrant in combination with the themes of border and conflict between local and strangers are characteristic for the literary image of the Eastern Carpathian border area in the 20th century.
The paper explores the issue of parallel processes of ‘national revival’ (such as Slovak, Ruthenian, Ukrainian, Hungarian) in the ethnically heterogeneous area of eastern Slovakia where the process of cultural and ethnic self-identification followed a much more complex trajectory compared to the ‘core’ areas inhabited by the respective ethnic groups. The Slavonic ethnic groups failed to conclude this process in the course of the 19th century or, indeed, even in the first half of the 20th century. Following the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the establishment of Czechoslovakia, the new state’s liberal national policies encouraged greater competition between certain cultural and linguistic orientations among the inhabitants of eastern Slovakia (pro-Ukrainian, pro-Russian and pro-Ruthenian orientation). This situation was also reflected in works of Slovak and especially Czech literature. Slovak-Ukrainian cultural contacts are currently receiving many new ideas and their research can be based on theoretical background of postcolonialism, selfcolonization theory and geopoetics.
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Grinč, Michal, Hermann Zeyen, and Miroslav Bielik. "Automatic 1D integrated geophysical modelling of lithospheric discontinuities: a case study from Carpathian-Pannonian Basin region." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 44, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/congeo-2014-0007.
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Abstract Using a very fast 1D method of integrated geophysical modelling, we calculated models of the Moho discontinuity and the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary in the Carpathian-Pannonian Basin region and its surrounding tectonic units. This method is capable to constrain complicated lithospheric structures by using joint interpretation of different geophysical data sets (geoid and topography) at the same time. The Moho depth map shows significant crustal thickness variations. The thickest crust is found underneath the Carpathian arc and its immediate Foredeep. High values are found in the Eastern Carpathians and Vrancea area (44 km). The thickest crust modelled in the Southern Carpathians is 42 km. The Dinarides crust is characterized by thicknesses more than 40 km. In the East European Platform, crust has a thickness of about 34 km. In the Apuseni Mountains, the depth of the Moho is about 36 km. The Pannonian Basin and the Moesian Platform have thinner crust than the surrounding areas. Here the crustal thicknesses are less than 30 km on average. The thinnest crust can be found in the SE part of the Pannonian Basin near the contact with the Southern Carpathians where it is only 26 km. The thickest lithosphere is placed in the East European Platform, Eastern Carpathians and Southern Carpathians. The East European Platform lithosphere thickness is on average more than 120 km. A strip of thicker lithosphere follows the Eastern Carpathians and its Foredeep, where the values reach in average 160 km. A lithosphere thickness minimum can be observed at the southern border of the Southern Carpathians and in the SE part of the Pannonian Basin. Here, it is only 60 km. The extremely low values of lithospheric thickness in this area were not shown before. The Moesian Platform is characterized by an E-W trend of lithospheric thickness decrease. In the East, the thickness is about 110 km and in the west it is only 80 km. The Pannonian Basin lithospheric thickness ranges from 80 to 100 km.
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Nikolaichuk, V. І., M. М. Vakerich, M. V. Bilkey, O. P. Chechuy, and I. Voloshchuk. "Possible ecologically based ways of preserving and developing the Ukrainian Carpathians." Biosystems Diversity 24, no. 1 (February 27, 2016): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011619.
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Ukraine has transformed into one of the most environmentally dangerous countries in the world due to the high concentration of industrial production and agriculture and predatory use of natural resources. The current ecological situation in Ukraine is characterized by a deep ecological crisis, which is caused by the laws of operation of the command economy of the former USSR. The majority of the environmental and social indicators of Ukraine are among the worst in Europe. The Carpathian Mountains are among the most significant and interesting landscapes in Europe from the geological and geomorphological, scenic and biological perspectives. The giant arc of the Carpathians begins in southern Romania and passes through Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary to Austria, crosses all Eastern and Central Europe. A third of the forest reserves of Ukraine are located in the Ukrainian Carpathians, at 53.5% the percentage of forest cover of the area is among the highest in the country. About 50% of the gene pool of Ukraine’s plants, many species of trees and medicinal plants grows there. The geographical location and large area of the rich natural heritage of the Carpathians have multifaceted importance for the conservation of biological, phytocoenotic and landscape diversity and maintaining the ecological balance in the central part of our continent. As with the Alps mountain range, this is an important ecological corridor between Western, Central and Eastern Europe, which promotes the migration of species and their spread into lowland landscapes. In order to preserve biodiversity an inventory of virgin forest ecosystems should be made and strict measures for their protection should be enforced. It is necessary to continue the practice of establishing bilateral areas in cross-border protected areas in order to combine efforts to solve pressing environmental challenges. Conservation of the Carpathians Biodiversity is an urgent problem. Structural changes in the economy of the region are expected to strengthen the recreational value of the Ukrainian Carpathians for the public not only in our country but also in Central and Eastern Europe, reducing the technogenic loading. International cooperation of all countries of the Carpathian region is imperative. The development of tourism in the Carpathians is highly promising, but this should be civilized tourism, taking into account the environmental sustainability of the recreational areas and protected areas.
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Bandrivskyi, Mykola. "Slotted zoomorphic pommel on iron pins from barrow 2 in Kotsyubynchyky in the context of elite burials of Western Podillia." Materials and studies on archaeology of Sub-Carpathian and Volhynian area 24 (December 20, 2020): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/mdapv.2020-24-317-330.
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The article deals with bronze slotted zoomorphic pommels on iron pins – one of the phenomena in material culture of Ukrainian Forest-Steppe from the beginning of Early Iron Age. One of the best preserved complexes of them was discovered by archeological expedition of I. Krypiakevych Institute of Ukrainian Studies of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, led by the author, in outskirts of village of Kotsyubynchyky near Chortkiv in Ternopil region. Almost all pommels of this type known today are divided by the author into two groups: products with socket and ones on iron pins. It has been suggested that this technological feature may reflect not only slightly different functional specificity of their use, but also differences in religious and funeral context for which, in fact, the above-mentioned pommels were made. It is confirmed that all pommels of this type were found exclusively in forest-steppe zone of modern Ukraine, in Carpathian region and in Caucasus – historical Kuban. Moreover, fact of complete absence of zoomorphic slotted pommels on iron pins in this period in steppe zone of Ukrainian Black Sea region (and in Eastern European steppe in general) needs to be explained. Mapping such slotted pommels on pins, gave the author a reason to identify four areas of their compact distribution: 1 – Pre-Caucasus region (Ulskie barrows, Kelermes, Krasnoznamenskiy barrow, Hoverdovsky khutor near Maykop); 2 – Posullya region (Starsha Mohyla, Vovkivtsi, Budky, Popivka); 3 – Region of the Right Bank of Dnipro River (Repyahuvata Mohyla, Matusiv, Zhurivka, Smela, Mezhyrichka); 4 – Carpathian region (Mihályfa, Gernyeszeg, Gyöngyös and two items from the museum in Bucharest). On the territory between these four compact and clear areas of distribution of slotted zoomorphic pommels on iron pins (except for researched complex in Kotsyubynchyky 2 barrow), other objects of such type were not detected. Suggestions made at the article that such compactness of their distribution indicates their exclusive use only for a narrow category of privileged persons within limited area. On the other hand, at that time there could be certain «sacred» border within which such pommels were used and to cross through which cult regulations of that time did not allow. Analysis conducted by the author gave grounds to assume that zoomorphic pommels from the barrow of Kotsyubynchyky 2 can be included neither to the group of pommels of Carpathian region (it is contradicted by image on the pommels from Kotsyubynchyky only of the head of fallow deer, and not the whole figure, which, as were shown above, is a striking feature of the products from Carpathians), nor to a group of similar pommels from the areas of Eastern European forest-steppe, among which images of heads of fallow deer are almost unknown. Hence, it is concluded that mentioned zoomorphic pommels from Kotsyubynchyky 2 barrow represent, by all signs, an intermediate link between pommels of Eastern European forest-steppe and ones from Carpathian region. Material presented at the article shows that those long-noticed examples of interrelationships and interactions between cultures of Early Iron Age of Carpathian-Dnister region, South Caucasus and Western Asian states penetrated into various spheres of life of communities of that time; including such, seemingly, very conservative and delicate sphere of their life as religious preferences and related funeral traditions. Key words: bronze slotted zoomorphic pommels, Western Podillia, barrow 2, Kotsyubynchyky.
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Zagorodniuk, Igor. "Species and ecomorphological differentiation of genus Arvicola (Mammalia) in Eastern Europe." Theriologia Ukrainica 2021, no. 21 (July 1, 2021): 54–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tu2106.
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The genus Arvicola is represented in the fauna of Eastern Europe by several taxa and ecological races of semi-species and subspecies rank. Morphological data indicate the taxonomic homogeneity of lowland amphibious forms and a high level of differentiation of some mountain fossorial forms. Analysis of variation of morphometric characters shows a substantial hiatus for the Carpathian form of Arvicola, considered as A. scherman, as well as the absence of sufficient differentiation among other forms such as in lowland water voles from different parts of Ukraine or in mountain forms from the Northern Caucasus. Morphological features of the Carpathian taxon (A. scherman gutsulius) are stable compared to other mountain water vole populations from Europe and its substantial differences from the Caucasian form, which is very close to the lowland A. amphibius, do not support the idea of the ‘effect of mountains’ in the formation of small fossorial forms of Arvicola. The Carpathian Arvicola differs from all of the studied lowland forms in both morphometric and craniometric characters, which are important in the taxonomy and diagnostics of water voles (coefficient of divergence in body and skull dimensions reach CD = 4...5 ϭ. The mountain water vole (A. scherman) is characterized by a number of paedomorphic features that should be recognized as an ancestral state (plesiomorpy), whereas the European water vole (A. amphibius) is considered as an evolutionary advanced and gerontomorphic form. These two species are allopatric and the border between their distribution ranges coincide with the geographic limits of lowland and mountain faunal assemblages. Evidence for the recognition of the mountain fossorial form as either a separate species or an ecological race of the lowland species is considered. The fossorial A. scherman can be included to the group chosaricus–mosbachensis, but it remains unclear whether it should be considered an ancestral form in the evolution of the lowland A. amphibius or as an example of recapitulation of characters due to secondary transition to fossorial lifestyle. A comparison of different geographic forms of Arvicola suggests that the formation of the group took place in piedmont–mountainous areas of Europe, whereas the forms distributed further east are probably derived from the European ones.
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BOBAK, Dariusz, and Marta POŁTOWICZ-BOBAK. "BETWEEN MAGDALENIAN AND EPIGRAVETTIAN. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE PALAEOLITHIC ON THE POLISH-UKRAINIAN BORDER." Materials and Studies on Archaeology of Sub-Carpathian and Volhynian Area 22 (December 11, 2018): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/mdapv.2018-22-42-53.
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The terrains of Poland, located north of the Carpathians and the Sudetes, have been almost completely abandoned during the period of the LGM sensustricte. The reoccupation of Polish territories took place not until the end of LGM. These areas were then settled by the societies of the Magdalenian complex – a tradition that included upland areas of Western and Central Europe. On the basis of today's state of knowledge, it can be concluded that the eastern borders of Poland are at the same time the eastern boundary of the Magdalenien settlement. Five Magdalenian sites from the areas of today's Podkarpackie Voivodship are known (fig. 1). In the 1940s, a single-row harpoon linked to Magdalenian was found in Przemyśl. Further discoveries of sites fall into the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. Four of the mhave been discovered up to this day: in Hłomcza, Grodzisko Dolne, Wierzawice and Łąka. This sites are only short-lived campsprovided small inventories. So far, no traces of large, longer settled base camp types have been found. If this situation is not only the result of the current state of research, then it may suggest that the areas of south-eastern Poland were part of a larger territory exploited by some Magdalenian community. On the basis of the analysis, it may be assumed that this territory may have covered the areas of eastern Poland. Magdalenian settlement in eastern Poland continues throughout the presence of Late Magdalenian societies in Central Europe, from Dryas I to Alleröd. It means that the population, or traditions of this culture, reached the eastern periphery relatively quickly and for a long time. The question arises if the Magdalenian population, functioning in the eastern borderlands, occupied areas not covered by any previous settlement, and whether were there contacts between them and representatives of other traditions – Epigravettian, whose settlement extends east of today's Polish borders on the territory of Ukraine. Finally, the last question is whether the line of the San is the final eastern limit of Magdalenian. This last question should be answered in the affirmatively, though not categorically. So far, we do not know of any Magdalenian sites from the areas east of Poland. The answer to the remaining questions is difficult. A certain light is being shed on them by the discovery of the site in Święte. The part of the site studied so far provided a small concentration of lithic artefacts – flakes and blades as well as several tools. These materials were described as Epigravettian. The TL dates obtained from the profile indicate that it is contemporary to the Magdalenian settlement. Perhaps, therefore the Magdalenian population who came to this area inhabited the areas that were occupied by the “Epigravettian” population? Perhaps we are also dealing with a zone penetrated by both these communities? So far, we know only one Epigravettian site from this area, which is contemporary to the Magdalenian settlement, but its significance in the discussion of Magdalenien-Epigravettian relations is very important. To what extent this borderland was the area of contacts and what the consequences could have been is unexplained yet. Apart from the few possible imports of Volhynian flint in Magdalenian inventories (Wierzawice, Grodzisko Dolne?), there are no other elements that could be a material confirmation of such contacts. An in-depth analysis of possible contacts on the west-east axis is also hindered by the poor level of recognition of the Polish-Ukrainian borderland on the Ukrainian side. Research conducted in the south-east of Poland shows that the Polish-Ukrainian borderland is an important area through which the border between two cultural traditions passes at the beginning of the Late Pleistocene. This is an extremely important area in discussion on the relationship between Magdalenian and Epigravettian. Today's knowledge and questions set the prospects for further work. Key words: Epigravettian, Magdalenian, Upper Paleolithic, South-Eastern Poland, Polish-Ukrainian borderland, cultural contacts, imports.
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Нiletskyy, Joseph, and Nadiya Timofijchuk. "PHYSICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL ZONING OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS FOR AIMS OF COGNITIVE TOURISM." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 53 (2019): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2019.53.104-110.
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The purpose of the article is to approve the established scheme of macro-district subdivision of the Carpathian Mountain Country and the worked out approaches of the Ukrainian geographers to more detailed physical and geographical regionalization of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The study is based on the results of a comparative analysis of the existing different schemes of complex and different directions of sectoral zoning, individual natural components, own observations during numerous expeditions and data of the latest scientific publications on the geology and geomorphology of the Carpathians. By imposing a boundary between the Inner and Outer Carpathians, which is clearly displayed on the state geological maps of the scale 1: 200 000, on the gypsum base of topographic maps, which were analyzed in 3D format of the program Google Earth, the boundary between the provinces of the Eastern Carpathians was agreed and described. At the same time, the orographic lines and the character of the modern relief of the mountain territories were taken into account as much as possible. The fact that the described and displayed boundary of the sub-provinces is quite consistent with the boundary between the low-mountainous and mid-mountainous landscapes, which in its time was reflected on H.P. Milller. and O.M. Fedirk’s landscape map, confirms that other components of nature (soils, vegetation) along the line are changing some of their specific features. The scientific novelty of the article is that, as a result of the zoning, the border between the sub-provinces of the Outer East Carpathians and the Inner East Carpathians is specified in Ukraine, four natural areas of the Ukrainian Carpathians are assigned to the Exterior (Flysch) Carpathians and three to the Inner Carpathians. The proposed zoning approach has led to some redistribution of territories between the natural areas of the Transcarpathian Lowlands and the Polonina-Montenegro Carpathians, as well as between the natural-geographical areas and sub-regions of the Inner Carpathians. Transformations have undergone some names of taxonomic units of physical and geographical zoning, which in the new version more accurately reflect their location and specific features of natural conditions. Practical significance of the obtained results is that since being duly substantiated the proposed zoning of the Ukrainian Carpathians will be useful for both professionals and travel enthusiasts. Taking into account the specific nature of the sub-provinces, it can also serve as a substantial basis for the development of projects to optimize the environmental management in the region.
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Tapody, Réka Orsolya, Sándor Gulyás, Tünde Törőcsik, Pál Sümegi, Dávid Molnár, Balázs P. Sümegi, and Mihály Molnár. "Radiocarbon-dated peat development: anthropogenic and climatic signals in a Holocene raised bog and lake profile from the Eastern part of the Carpathian Basin." Radiocarbon 60, no. 4 (May 16, 2018): 1215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2018.38.
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AbstractThe peat bog at Homoródszentpál Kerek-tó (Round Lake), situated in Homoród Hills of the Eastern Carpathians in Romania, provides a continuous record of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes from the Early Holocene. In this study, we present a 7500-year-long high-resolution record of past climatic changes and signs of human impact recorded in a peat bog via integrating sedimentological, paleoecological and geochemical proxies. The basin of Round Lake formed around the Pleistocene–Holocene border when the permafrost thawed. Ponded water accumulated in the catchment basin from the beginning of the Holocene but ca. 7500 cal BP years ago lacustrine sedimentation was exchanged for peat accumulation. The 570-cm-long core was subsampled at 2–4 cm intervals and subjected to grain-size, loss-on-ignition (LOI), pollen, and radiocarbon (14C) analyses. Our findings were correlated with and interpreted in the light of paleobotanical records deriving from archaeological sites and the newest bioclimatological models of the nearby areas. Sedimentological analysis document erosion and accumulation events which were influenced by more complex processes like climate change. Based on environmental historical and climatic data we aimed to reconstruct the environmental changes of forested areas in the Homoródi Hills.
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PAVLYUK, Myroslav, Volodymyr SHLAPINSKY, Olesya SAVCHAK, Myroslav TERNAVSKY, Lyubov HUZARSKA, Nazar TRISKA, and Nataliia OHRENDA. "PROSPECTS FOR OIL AND GAS PRESENCE IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN PART OF THE INNER FLYSCH COVERS OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS." Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals 4, no. 181 (December 27, 2019): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.04.005.
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We have studied the Cretaceous and Paleogene flysch of the Duklya-Chornohora, Burkut, Rakhiv, Marmarosh and Pieniny covers that in the south-eastern sector of the Ukrainian Carpathians near the Romanian border (Hutsulian segment) distinguish themselves by very inclined overthrust. Spatially the given tectonic units are in so-called hydrothermal fluid, unfavourable on the whole as to the presence of hydrocarbons in it on a large scale. But, within its limits the plots, small in area, with hydrocarbon prevalence in the gas composition are distinguished. Prospects for gas presence in the region should be connected with those of them that spatially are drown to the Transcarpathian trough. One such section is the Velikobychkovk sector of the Monastyretsky sub-cover, where it is proposed to lay a parametric well 1-Velikiy Bychkov, in order to reveal the possible para-autochthon of the Vezhany sub-cover and the Paleogene of the Dilovetsky sub-cover. In addition, according to seismic data, a significant rise in the pre-flysch base is forecast in this section of the Carpathians under the Marmarosh cover. The roof of this foundation at the location of the recommended well 1-Velikiy Bychkov may be at a depth of 5000–5500 m. It may be represented by the youngest deposits of the pre-Alpine complex – the Triassic strata, industrially oil and gas saturated in the neighboring countries.
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Šotnár, Karol, Samuel Pačenovský, and Ján Obuch. "On the food of the Eurasian pygmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum) in Slovakia." Slovak Raptor Journal 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/srj-2015-0009.
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Abstract Data on the food of the Eurasian pygmy owl in Slovakia was collected in 1999−2014 at 12 breeding locations in 7 mountain ranges of the Western Carpathian Mts and 1 range belonging to the Eastern Carpathian Mts. The basis of the evaluation of the food spectrum of prey of G. passerinum was the collection of pellets, osteological remnants and feathers from birds beneath nest cavities and roosting places of females in the months of May to July, that is, in the period of feeding young in the nest. Overall samples of food from 12 nests at elevations of 650−1,260 m a.s.l. were collected; from the largest of the three nests in the upper Nitra Region, from one nest in the Západné Tatry Mts and from three nests in the Volovské vrchy Mts. We compared these data with existing published data from Slovakia. A higher share of birds (65.0%) was found in the obtained material than mammals (34.8%). In the samples from 12 locations 10 species of mammals and 33 species of birds were found among the 377 individual prey samples. Among mammals, forest species of rodents predominated: Clethrionomys glareolus (22.8%) and Apodemus flavicollis (6.6%). The species Microtus arvalis (2.7%) was less abundant than in the stores of food from the Chocské vrchy Mts (35.4%). From the broad spectrum of songbirds, no species exceeded a presence of 7%. Species from the families Sylviidae, Turdidae, Paridae and Fringillidae were more numerous, while the species Phoenicurus phoenicurus, Motacilla alba, Carduelis cannabina, Dendrocopos minor and Passer domesticus were among the more uncommon prey. In total 582 individual prey were determined from the food remnants of G. passerinum in Slovakia (present study and other published studies). The species Clethrionomys glareolus occurred with a higher dominance than average in the pellets of G. passerinum in the mountains which border the region of the upper Nitra. In the Belianské Tatry Mts the most abundant rodent species was Terricola subterraneus, while in the mountains of eastern Slovakia the yellow-necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis was most often hunted, and of the songbirds, the coal tit Periparus ater. Among songbirds hunted near the breeding grounds of G. passerinum in the Považský Inovec Mts the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis was the most numerous. Among the most numerous songbirds which are evenly represented in all compared areas were: Regulus sp., Certhia familiaris, Poecile montanus and Cyanistes caeruleus.
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Kacperska, Elżbieta. "Współpraca transgraniczna a rozwój regionów wschodnich." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, no. 55 (March 26, 2005): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2005.55.1.
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The cross-border cooperation is an element of international cooperation allowing border areas to develop. Polish border areas are very much diversified , in respect of the development, especially weakly developed are terrains situated along eastern border. The chance of the development of those regions is to cooperate, especially in the aspect of using financial resources form programs of cross-border cooperation of the European Union. The aim of the study is to point benefits and barriers of border areas development caused by the cross-border cooperation on the example of eastern regions, taking into consideration euro regions: Neman, Bug and Carpathians.
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Mazur, Stanislaw, Paweł Aleksandrowski, Łukasz Gągała, Piotr Krzywiec, Jerzy Żaba, Krzysztof Gaidzik, and Rafał Sikora. "Late Palaeozoic strike-slip tectonics versus oroclinal bending at the SW outskirts of Baltica: case of the Variscan belt’s eastern end in Poland." International Journal of Earth Sciences 109, no. 4 (January 9, 2020): 1133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-019-01814-7.
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AbstractGeophysical and geological data from the eastern sector of the Central European Variscan belt are presented and reviewed in the regional tectonic context. Matched filtering of isostatic gravity, guided by results of spectral analysis, along with other derivatives of gravity and magnetic fields reveal a dominant WNW–ESE-trending pre-Permian structural grain in the external zones of the Variscan belt in Poland. This trend is confirmed by regional distribution of dips in Carboniferous and Devonian strata that were penetrated by boreholes beneath Permian-Mesozoic sediments. Based on these data, two alternative concepts explaining the connection of the Variscan belt and its NE foreland, those of strike-slip tectonics versus oroclinal bending, are discussed. The WNW–ESE structural trend in the Variscan foreland is parallel to a set of major strike-slip fault zones in the area, including those of Upper Elbe, Intra-Sudetic, Odra, Dolsk and Kraków-Lubliniec. These faults are considered to convey a significant dextral displacement between Laurussia and Gondwana. The revised position of the Variscan deformation front shows a similar, uninterrupted, generally WNW–ESE trend, up to the SE border of Poland, which indicates an initial continuation of the Variscan belt into the area of the present-day Western Carpathians. The geometry of the Variscan deformation front along with the pattern of the Variscan structural grain are inconsistent with the idea of an oroclinal loop affecting the external, non-metamorphic Variscan belt. However, the data presented do not entirely rule out an oroclinal loop within the Variscan internides. The still possible options are (1) a semi-oroclinal model postulating ~ 90° bending of the Variscan tectonostratigraphic zones into parallelism with the WNW–ESE strike-slip faults or (2) an orocline limited only to the belt linking the Wolsztyn High and Moravo-Silesian non- to weakly-metamorphic fold-and-thrust belt. Regardless of the kinematic model preferred, our data indicate that structural evolution of the Polish Variscides was concluded with the end-Carboniferous NNE–SSW shortening that resulted in the present-day extent of the Variscan deformation front.
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Bakk, Miklós. "The Boundaries of the Carpathian Basin – Frontiers and Regions." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, European and Regional Studies 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auseur-2020-0011.
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Abstract The Carpathian Basin (or Pannonian Basin) is the south-eastern part of Central Europe, its geopolitical place being defined by geography (it is placed between the Eastern Alps, the Dinaric Alps, and the Carpathian Mountains) and from historical point of view by the fact that its core region was ruled for many centuries by the Hungarian Kingdom and the Habsburg Monarchy, and the neighbouring states aimed to extend their territories in the basin reducing the central role of the basin from the margins. The changes of the spatial domination in the Carpathian Basin created several centre–periphery relations, which established, through a longue durée, specific social features in some border regions of the Carpathian Basin. This paper examines from the viewpoint of limology (border studies) three frontier regions of the basin, Spiš, Székely Land, and Banat, and investigates the historical process of the regional construction in order to ascertain what circumstances helped or blocked these periphery constructions.
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Shaban, Tatiana. "Cross-Border Cooperation in the Carpathian Euroregion: Ukraine and the EU." Borders in Globalization Review 1, no. 1 (November 21, 2019): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/bigr11201919258.
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Cross-border cooperation among the Eastern neighbours of the European Union can be understood as a new approach to public policy and border governance in the region. There was no border cooperation strategy between communist and European countries during Soviet times. The question of the management of the Eastern border of the EU, especially with Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova, came on the agenda in 1997, when accession to the union was finally opened to Eastern and Southern European candidates. With the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement that came into force in 1998, Ukraine signalled its foreign policy orientation as European, asserting that Western integration would help modernize its economy, increase living standards, and strengthen democracy and rule of law. The European Commission required “good neighbourly relations” as a further condition for accession and in conjunction, the concept of “Wider Europe” was proposed to set up border-transcending tasks. The Carpathian Euroregion was established to contribute to strengthening the friendship and prosperity of the countries of this region. However, the model was not fully understood and had only limited support of the national governments. This article uses the Carpathian Euroregion as a case study to show that overall Ukraine and the EU’s Eastern neighbourhood presents more opportunities for effective cooperation with the EU rather than barriers or risks.
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Pop, Călin Cornel. "Particularities of the Cultural Tourism in Zalău in the Context of the European Heritage: The Roman Festival Zalău Porolissum." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Geographia 64, no. 2 (December 20, 2020): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbgeogr.2019.2.06.
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"Particularities of the Cultural Tourism in Zalău in the Context of the European Heritage: the Roman Festival Zalău Porolissum. Covering an area of 3,850 square kms, the county of Sălaj lies in the north-western part of Romania, as a passage between the Western and Eastern Carpathians. The main settlement of Sălaj is the city of Zalău, lying at the heart of the county, along Zalău valley, near the Northern Meseş Mountains. Evidence of the Dacian culture and civilization can be found all over the county. The stronghold was well known in antiquity as Dacidava, a central place for the gatherings of Dacian tribes living in the region, known today as Sălaj. Here 14 treasures of Dacian silver coins and jewels were found, which may explain the fact that Sălaj was one of the towns that laid on the ancient road of salt whereon salt used to be traded from Transylvania to Central Europe. Another important Dacian settlement would be Moigrad (Porolissum), on the heights of Măgura Moigradului, mentioned by Ptolemeu in his „Geographia”. After the Roman conquest and the colonization of Dacia as a Roman province, Roman experts in military strategy transfomed the Meseş Mountains into the north-eastern border of the Roman Empire. This „limes” separated the territories of the Roman province Dacia from the unoccupied area which belonged to the free Dacians. The military structure of Porolissum, the capital of the province „Dacia Porolissensis”, acquired the rank of „municipium”, by an order of the Emperor Septimius Severus. Ruins of the Porolissum town, together with Roman fortifications near the passage Poarta Meseşului stretch to an area of about 200 hectares. In Porolissum, archaeological discoveries brought to light two large stone-built Roman „castrum”, one amphitheatre, several temples, civilian constructions and Roman roads. Within the study there were both open-response questionnaires, when the subject was free to answer as he saw fit, and closed-response questionnaires, in which the subject had several possible answers from which he could choose the response considered convenient. The Roman Festival Zalău Porolissum recovers a part of the shared historical past within a geographical space where the European community now functions. Through impeccable organization and administration, this part made possibile the development of the greatest empire in ancient times. Through The Roman Festival Zalău Porolissum, the Zalău City Hall proposes to its inhabitants and tourists a vast event with an educative-cultural dimension. We believe that this sort of manifestation may counteract the promotion tendencies of the underground culture. We wish for The Roman Festival Zalău Porolissum to pleasantly provide to the public history moments, traditions, culture and specific costumes. The Roman Festival Zalău Porolissum is an event of our identity that reconfirms our values and space in Europe. At the European Union’s construction a few fundamental facts contributed: shared geography and history, the Greek culture, the Christianity and the Roman legacy. The Roman culture and civilization are marks of the European identity, which define the present European citizen’s consciousness. Keywords: The Roman Festival Zalău Porolissum, Cultural tourism, Global values, European Heritage."
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Maslov, Yurii. "TRANSFORMATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION STRATEGY FOR THE DANUBE REGION." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-3-108-115.
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The attention of the supranational level to transboundary regions increased with the development of regional policy. The reform of the European structural funds, the concepts of equalization and identification of the endogenous potential of regions led to the intensification of cross-border cooperation. Of course, this is not only the merit of the European Union; the growth of Euroregions stimulated financial support, and this led to a new round of growth of Euroregions in the EU territories. The purpose of the article is to determine problems of transformational aspects for elaborating and improving the European Union Strategy for the Danube Region up to the condition of its possible implementation, as well as propose specific measures for its step-by-step implementation until 2020. The European Grouping for Territorial Cooperation (EGTC) is another initiative created in the zonal field of Euroregions for greater cohesion with the supranational level. Most of the EGTC members are located in Eastern and Southern Europe. Moreover, if on the early stages EGTC were projects for the implementation of exclusively cross-border cooperation, then since 2012 they began to be created as platforms for cooperation between cities of different EU member states. EU regions are very diverse from a cultural and historical point of view and have different levels of socio-economic development. In the Danube region over the past two decades, fundamental changes have occurred, taking this into account, the article highlights several strategic directions of development. 1) Geographical association of Europe and the East. There is a huge potential for the development of existing transport and trade links. 2) The developed infrastructural architecture of the education system. Including different universities, but the quality of training varies. Education and training should be linked to the needs of the labour market, along with supporting student mobility throughout the entire Danube region. 3) The presence of millennial traditions of cultural, ethnic, and natural diversity. The presence of large cities and world heritage sites, including the concentration of capitals and cultural centres. This requires a modern approach to tourism offers and infrastructure so that both the guest and the host can get profit from this activity. 4) The ability to optimize and improve the use of renewable energy sources, such as water, wind biomass, thermal springs. There are also wide opportunities for improving energy efficiency by enhancing the efficiency of energy demand management and modernizing building and logistics. These measures will facilitate the transition to a low-carbon economy. 5) Availability of natural wealth: unique fauna and flora, the most valuable water resources and unique landscapes (for example, the Danube Delta, the Carpathians). They must be in constant preservation and recovery. Each designated area contains priority recommendations in various fields of activity. The transformational optimization strategy proposed by the author provides a stable framework for the policy of integration and cohesive development of the Danube region. It establishes priority areas aimed at creating the EU Region of the 21st century.
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Demjén, Andrea. "“…They don’t want to be locked up in the Contumatz, and jump over the fences…” : The Pricske quarantine institution in the eighteenth century." Hungarian Archaeology 9, no. 4 (2020): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36338/ha.2020.4.2.
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When the archaeological research of the Pricske quarantine institution started in the summer of 2009, no one expected that quarantine would be such a topical issue due to a pandemic in 2020. Quarantine is not a novelty: in the Middle Ages, the mandatory isolation period was first introduced for maritime transport in the port cities of Ragusa (now Dubrovnik, Croatia), Marseille, and Venice. In the early eighteenth century, quarantine institutions were established along the borders of the Habsburg Empire as part of a sanitary cordon (cordon sanitaire). They protected the borders for almost 150 years and were meant to stop the spread of contagious diseases (especially the plague). The present paper is focused on the development of the quarantine system at the passes of the Eastern Carpathians. Furthermore, by the example of the excavated quarantine area at Pricske, I demonstrate what has remained of it at an archaeological site in Eastern Transylvania.
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Shushniak, Volodymyr, Halyna Savka, and Yuri Shandra. "THE MAIN EUROPEAN WATERSHED OF UKRAINE AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN TERMS OF TOURISM." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 55 (2020): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2020.55.3-12.
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Objective: On the basis of general geographical analysis to reveal the tourist potential of the Main European watershed on the territory of Ukraine. Method. General scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization as well as cartographic methods by the means of GIS have been used. Results:The peculiarities of the geographical location of the Main European Watershed on a European scale have been analyzed. New facts from the history of its research have been presented. A hypsometric profile along the watershed line has been constructed, its morphometric parameters have been determined. With the help of detailed cartographic analysis, the Ukrainian section of the Main European Watershed line has been identified. Its location in relation to the physical and geographical zoning has been determined. A regional analysis of tourist facilities attractiveness on the watershed line has been conducted. Cross-border and domestic transport opportunities for access to the watershed line have been assessed. The coordinate reference of the most important orohydrographic elements - the points of watersheds intersection of large transboundary rivers basins: Danube, Vistula, Dniester, Dnieper, as well as their tourist significance have been specified. Possibilities of tourist use of nature reserve fund objects which are located on the watershed line have been revealed, in particular of such national natural parks, as Uzhanian National Nature Park, Boikivschyna National Nature Park, Yavorivskyi National Park, Northern Podillia, Shatsk National Natural Park. The importance of the watershed for sustainable (ecologically oriented) tourism development in international biosphere reserves: "The Eastern Carpathians" (Slovak-Ukrainian-Polish), "Roztochia" (Ukrainian-Polish), "Western Polissya" (Polish-Ukrainian-Belarusian) has been demonstrated. Touristic assessment of historical and cultural sites located on the watershed line has been conducted. The importance of the city of Lviv as a separate tourist destination has been emphasized. Environmental problems related to the development of tourist resources have been outlined. Selected tourist clusters of the destination have been identified, the possibilities of their use have been revealed. The Main European Watershed specifics in general tourist resources classification have been emphasized. Scientific novelty: For the first time, the Main European Watershed has been considered as a separate integrated tourist destination, its detailed geographical analysis has been performed, and a cluster approach has been used to assess the tourist resources located on the watershed line. Practical significance. The results of the study will contribute to the integration process of Ukraine into the European tourist area, give impetus to new tourist routes planning, promote the development of tourist resources of national natural and regional landscape parks, support tourist clusters planning and developing.
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Mlekuž Vrhovnik, Dimitrij. "Neolithic and Copper Age settlement dynamics in the Western Carpathian Basin and Eastern Alps." Documenta Praehistorica 46 (December 9, 2019): 268–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.46-16.
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The paper tackles the spatio-temporal patterns of Neolithic and Copper Age settlement dynamics in the Western Carpathian Basin and Eastern Alps with spatially explicit use of radiocarbon dates. It focuses on the spatial process of spread, movement, aggregation and segregation in the time frame between 8500 and 5000 cal BP. The distribution of Neolithic and Copper Age sites in the study area is clustered and patchy. The first Neolithic settlements appear as isolated islands or enclaves which then slowly expand to fill neighbouring regions. After 6300 cal BP the study area experienced a significant reduction in the extent of settlement systems, associated with the Late Neolithic to Copper Age transition.
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Mlekuž Vrhovnik, Dimitrij. "Neolithic and Copper Age settlement dynamics in the Western Carpathian Basin and Eastern Alps." Documenta Praehistorica 46 (December 9, 2019): 268–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.46.16.
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The paper tackles the spatio-temporal patterns of Neolithic and Copper Age settlement dynamics in the Western Carpathian Basin and Eastern Alps with spatially explicit use of radiocarbon dates. It focuses on the spatial process of spread, movement, aggregation and segregation in the time frame between 8500 and 5000 cal BP. The distribution of Neolithic and Copper Age sites in the study area is clustered and patchy. The first Neolithic settlements appear as isolated islands or enclaves which then slowly expand to fill neighbouring regions. After 6300 cal BP the study area experienced a significant reduction in the extent of settlement systems, associated with the Late Neolithic to Copper Age transition.
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Haliuc, Aritina, Daniel Veres, Achim Brauer, Katalin Hubay, Simon M. Hutchinson, Robert Begy, and Mihaly Braun. "Palaeohydrological changes during the mid and late Holocene in the Carpathian area, central-eastern Europe." Global and Planetary Change 152 (May 2017): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.02.010.
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Kuncová, Jaromíra. "The Eastern Ore Mountains Nature Reserve." Geografie 101, no. 4 (1996): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1996101040310.
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The Eastern Ore Mountains Nature Reserve has been proclaimed by the district authorities in Teplice and Ústí nad Labem in 1995. There is a similar protected area Osterzgebirge in Germany on the other side of the border. The whole area is in common care now. An international project aims to revitalize the landscape in the are Mountains and to protect local biodiversity.
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Wilczynski, S., and J. Skrzyszewski. "Dendrochronology of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the mountains of Poland." Journal of Forest Science 49, no. 3 (March 25, 2003): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4684-jfs.
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In the area of southern Poland 33 pine stands growing at the altitudes from 350 to 1,200 m above sea level in the Carpathian and Sudeten Mountains were selected as the object of studies. Thirty-three site chronologies of tree-rings, representing each site were constructed. A decrease in the similarity of dendrochronological signal chronologies occurred with the growing distance between the sites. Correlation and convergence analysis and the Principal Components Analysis permitted the differentiation of two chronology groups: the Western (Sudeten) and the Eastern (Carpathian) ones. On the basis of the site chronologies regional chronologies for the Carpathian and Sudeten Mts. were constructed. The investigated pines from the two regions manifested great sensitivity to winter frost and in summer to the deficiency of heat and water. The chronologies were strongly integrated by the pattern of air temperatures, being differentiated by the pluvial conditions.
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Kupková, Lucie, Ivan Bičík, and Jiří Najman. "Land Cover Changes along the Iron Curtain 1990–2006." Geografie 118, no. 2 (2013): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2013118020095.
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The article analyses land cover changes along the Iron Curtain in the period 1990–2006. CORINE land cover state and land cover change datasets are used to evaluate differences in land cover structure in 1990 and in land cover changes between the eastern (from former German Democratic Republic to Hungary) and western (former Federal Republic of Germany and Austria) border sections along the Iron Curtain. The results confirm different representation of individual land cover categories on the eastern and western sides. Different intensity of changes at the eastern and western border sections has been confirmed, too. More intense land cover changes were detected in the “East” after 1990. The highest intensity of changes was recorded at the Czech border sections where rather strong process of afforestation took place, together with retreat of intensive agriculture (changes on more than 8% of the area between 1990 and 2000). On the contrary, the Austrian border section was the most stable area (changes only on 0.13% of the area).
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Skoczowski, Andrzej, Magdalena Odrzywolska-Hasiec, Jakub Oliwa, Iwona Ciereszko, and Andrzej Kornaś. "Ecophysiological Variability of Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. Green Alder Leaves in the Bieszczady Mountains (Poland)." Plants 10, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10010096.
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Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC., green alder, is a fast-growing shrub that grows expansively in the European mountainside. In Poland, A. viridis naturally occurs only in the Bieszczady Mountains (south-eastern part of the country), above the upper forest border. In this study, we assessed the potential of green alder to expand in post-farming areas in the Bieszczady Mountains. We investigated the effects of topographical, climatic, and edaphic characteristics of four various study sites on the physiological and morphological properties of A. viridis leaves in order to answer the question whether the growth of plants in lower positions improves their physiological condition to such an extent that it increases the species invasiveness. This is the first comprehensive ecophysiological study of this species to be carried out in this part of Europe. The photochemical efficiency of PSII, the chlorophyll content, and leaf 13C and 15N discrimination were analyzed. On the basis of leaf radiation reflection, coefficients such as reflectance indices of anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids (ARI2, CRI1, FRI), photochemical index of reflection (PRI), and the water band index (WBI) were calculated. We observed favorable physiological effects in A. viridis plants growing in locations below the upper forest border compared to plants growing in higher locations. As a result, A. viridis may become an invasive species and disturb the phytocoenotic balance of plant communities of the altitudinal zones in the Polish Western Carpathians.
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Krištín, Anton, Benjamín Jarčuška, Peter Kaňuch, Elena Iulia Iorgu, and Ionuţ Ştefan Iorgu. "Notes on Orthoptera (Insecta) and their Assemblages in the Romanian Carpathians." Travaux du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" 56, no. 1 (August 1, 2013): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/travmu-2013-0002.
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Abstract The Carpathian Mountains, particularly the Eastern Carpathians, represent an area with a high diversity and endemism in grasshoppers and bush-crickets. The well-preserved mountain grassland habitats are populated by diverse orthopteran assemblages. During the second half of July 2013, we visited 24 sites in Romanian Carpathians within altitudes ranging from 237 to 1700 m a.s.l. and found 71 Orthoptera species (36 Ensifera and 35 Caelifera). These represent 37.3% of the 190 species known to occur in Romania. Nine Carpathian endemics (Isophya stysi, Pholidoptera frivaldskyi, Pholidoptera transsylvanica, Miramella ebneri, Pseudopodisma transilvanica, Isophya harzi, Isophya nagyi, Isophya sicula, Zubovskya banatica), of which the last four are endemic to Romania and Eastern Carpathians, were recorded. Four environmental characteristics, i.e. habitat type, altitude, mean temperature and precipitation on sampled sites, are used to examine the structure of orthopteran assemblages by using DCA. Also, more detailed information on the occurrence of rare and endemic species is given.
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Bursche, Aleksander. "Contacts between the Late Roman Empire and North-Central Europe." Antiquaries Journal 76 (March 1996): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500047417.
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The concept of Central Europe is understood here to cover the geographical centre of the European continent (i.e. the territory between the Elbe, Bug and Neman rivers, that is, eastern Germany, Poland, Bohemia, Slovakia and Lithuania), formerly treated in much of the English-speaking world as ‘Eastern Europe’. In the past six years, however, this area has been moving closer to the West. This paper shall concentrate on the region north of the Carpathian mountains, particularly the Vistula river-basin and Scandinavia (without Norway), in other words the territory round the Baltic Sea.
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Miggelbrink, J. "Immer unter Verdacht? – Identitätszuschreibungen im Kontext des Kleinhandels an der Außengrenze der Europäischen Union." Geographica Helvetica 68, no. 3 (October 7, 2013): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-68-201-2013.
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Abstract. The harmonized, uniform Schengen border regime that secures the "Area of Freedom, Security and Justice" has led to remarkable changes of conditions for border crossing in Eastern Europe. Morover, its assemblage of documents, procedures, techniques, locations etc. of control and surveillance controls and governs the identities of travellers. The article analyses how small-scales traders at the Polish-Belarusian border, the Polish-Ukrainian border and the Romanian-Ukrainian border who operate on the edges of the legal and the formal (and even beyond) are being confronted with these new ascriptions of identities, the ways they feel being governed by the new border and their reactions to. The fieldwork focuses a period shortly after the Schengen border was shifted towards Eastern Europe in 2007.
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Hlavňová, Petra, Miroslav Bielik, Jana Dérerová, Igor Kohút, and Mariana Pašiaková. "A new lithospheric model in the eastern part of the Western Carpatians: 2D integrated modelling." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 45, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/congeo-2015-0010.
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Abstract Using 2D integrated geophysical modelling we recalculated lithospheric model along transect KP-X in the eastern part of the Western Carpathians. Our model takes into account the joint interpretation of the heat flow, free air anomalies, topography and geoid data. A more accurate model of lithospheric structure has been created, especially the lithosphere-astenosphere boundary. Lithosphere thickness in the study region increases from the area of the Pannonian Basin where we modelled it at the depth of 80 km towards the oldest and coolest area of the European Platform where it reaches about 150 km. In the Pannonian Basin the modelled Moho depths reach about of 25 km and it decreases towards theWestern Carpathians. The Western Carpathian’s crustal thickness varies from about 30 km to 45 km. The largest crustal thickness (45 km) has been located beneath the Externides (Carpathian Foredeep) of the Western Carpathians. In the direction of the European platform a Moho depth gradually increases until the end of the profile, where the crustal thickness reaches of about 42 km. Our modelling has confirmed the existence of an anomalous body with average density of 2850 kgm−3 seated mostly in the lower crust. Its uppermost boundary reaches a depth of about 12 km. The lower crust beneath the Western Carpathian Externides is much thicker (20 km) in comparison beneath the Pannonian Basin, where it is only 8 km on average.
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Grad-Rusu, Elena. "Exploring cross-border cooperation in Eastern Europe: What kind of initiatives have developed in the Romanian-Hungarian border area?" Észak-magyarországi Stratégiai Füzetek 18, no. 2 (2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32976/stratfuz.2021.33.
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Since the beginning, the European Union has believed and promoted the idea that an increase in cross-border cooperation contributes to enhanced European integration. This means that cross-border cooperation supports sustainable development along the EU’s internal and external borders, helps reduce differences in living standards and addresses common challenges across these borders. The aim of this paper is to examine the cross-border initiatives between Romania and Hungary with a special focus on the INTERREG projects, which have provided new sources of funding for cross-border activities and regional development in the RomanianHungarian border area. In this context, the cooperation has intensified in the last two decades, especially since Romania joined the EU in 2007. The research proves that cross-border projects and initiatives represent an important source of funding for this type of intervention, when no similar funding sources are available.
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Reingruber, Agathe. "A network of the steppe and forest steppe along the Prut and Lower Danube rivers during the 6th millennium BC." Documenta Praehistorica 43 (December 30, 2016): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.43.8.
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The transition from a (predominantly) mobile way of life relying on hunting, fishing and gathering to a (predominantly) sedentary life-style based on farming and animal husbandry is considered in the western Pontic archaeological tradition almost exclusively from a southern, AegeanAnatolian perspective. Contacts between the steppe and forest steppe of the north-eastern Balkans and the north-western Pontic were seen as linear and unidirectional; ‘cultures’ were defined almost exclusively on the basis of pottery styles. Not only such traditional viewpoints, but also the political conditions of the 20th century further biased prehistoric research. However, the outer Carpathian region should not be treated as a periphery of the inner Carpathian Cris culture, but as a region of multidirectional exchange networks. Moreover, certain traditions are obviously rooted in the Mesolithic of that area.
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Setioko, Bambang, Mustika KW, and Titien WM. "Urban Catalyst Element Impact on the Pattern of Spatial Distribution in Semarang City Border Area." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.29 (May 22, 2018): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.14297.
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In recent decades the urban growth in Indonesia is likely to follow a global urban trend, characterized by peripheral urbanization. This phenomenon has potentially encouraged the growth of urban physical area to be very broad and unlimited, and often exceeds the city administrative boundary. The urban catalyst development in the eastern city accelerates the growth of settlement in the border area; while the visually of both amongst the border area and the urban area are similar. This research was conducted in Sendang Mulyo village located in the administrative area of Semarang City and in Pucang Gading village located in, Demak Region. This study aims to determine the effect of urban catalyst element on the pattern of spatial distribution in the border area of Semarang City and Demak Region. Based on literature study that has been done, this research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive method under of rationalistic paradigm. Statistical data analysis is done by regression test using software SPSS 16.0. The results of this study indicate the growth and development of urban catalyst elements in the eastern part of Semarang city, significantly has impact to the pattern of spatial distribution in the border area of the Semarang city significantly.
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Balińska, Agata. "Funkcja turystyczna jako kierunek dywersyfikacji funkcji wiejskich obszarów przygranicznych wschodniej Polski." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, no. 122 (July 16, 2018): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2018.122.14.
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The area of eastern Poland, especially the area lying in the immediate vicinity of the state border, is also the eastern borderland of the European Union. It has all the features typical of peripheral areas. Difficult opportunities for economic development make tourism more important. The aim of the article is to assess the development of the tourist function in the poviats along the eastern Polish border. Its level in particular poviats is varied, as illustrated by indicators. The analysis of indicators was supplemented with the presentation of information obtained from surveys made on a sample of 600 inhabitants of this area. The results of the survey indicated that the inhabitants expect the development of a tourist function and are able to properly assess the benefi ts and problems resulting from it.
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Valentsova, Marina M. "The Interaction of Slavic Traditions in the Eastern Carpathians (On the Material of Demonological Vocabulary)." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 15, no. 3-4 (2020): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2020.15.3-4.10.
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Slavic–non-Slavic contacts in the Carpathian region have long attracted the attention of researchers. Less attention has been paid to the interaction between different Slavic traditions. The difficulties of studying closely related traditions are obvious. At the same time, understanding of the convergent processes between them, the direction of cultural borrowing, etc., can provide additional information on the history of the studied peoples and the development of their languages. The analysis of demonyms allows us to draw preliminary conclusions about the processes of interference and cultural exchange over a wide area of the borderlands of Poland and Slovakia in the Eastern Carpathians, where in the 14th century the East Slavic population (Rusyns, Lemkos) developed. A detailed analysis of some demonyms, taking into account their form and semantics, distribution areas, and etymology, showed that, for example, the term boginka ‘forest woman abducting children’ should be distinguished from bohiňa ‘healer, sorceress’, and that there is another etymological possibility for the word boginka; that it spread in the region from the Polish-speaking areas. A common Slavic term with the root *jęg- (baba Yaga, ježibaba, etc.) demonstrates formal and semantic differences in the East, West, and South Slavic language groups. The Carpathian Rusyns eventually adopted the West Slavic look and meaning of the word (hindžibaba ‘witch, wild woman’). From Polish demonology, a character called mamuna came to the Slovaks and Rusyns. Surprisingly, the Rusyns were practically unaffected by the West Slavic image of the mora / mara; the latter remained generally within the framework of East Slavic reflections and root vowels. Other terms were also analysed. In general, it can be stated that despite the common Carpathian layer, the national Slavic demonologies in the Eastern Carpathians are distinctly different; they do not mix much and do not easily borrow names and images from each other.
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Samingun, Samingun, and Julianto Jover Jotam Kalalo. "Immigration Law Regulations Against Traditional Border Crossers in the Border Area of Merauke Regency." Musamus Law Review 3, no. 1 (October 20, 2020): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/mularev.v3i1.3514.
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The state of Indonesia is a state of law, everything is regulated by law. The Indonesian territory from Sabang to Merauke has borders with other foreign countries. The West is bordered by other countries even though it is separated from the sea, in the north it is directly adjacent to the mainland area with Malaysia, in the south it borders on land with Timor Leste and in the eastern part it is directly adjacent to Papua New Guinea. The entire area bordering either directly or indirectly is regulated by immigration law. Immigration law regulations have been well regulated, starting from the highest regulations to the lowest regulations in their respective regions. In this case, in the border area of Merauke district, which is directly adjacent to Papua New Guinea, there are immigration law regulations that are used based on positive Indonesian law, in this case laws and there are also customary laws from the local community. The occurrence of legal pluralism in the land border area of Merauke district is due to the existence of customary law that is still thick in the lives of the people in this border area, resulting in an immigration law regulation that must conform to the policies of local indigenous peoples who always cross borders from Indonesia to Papua New Guinea or vice versa, known as the designation of traditional border crossers.
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POŁTOWICZ-BOBAK, Marta. "Eastern border of the Magdalenian Culture – an area of settlement or resource gathering?" Anthropologie 58, no. 2-3 (2020): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26720/anthro.20.03.20.1.
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Fiala, Károly, Viktória Blanka, Zsuzsanna Ladányi, Péter Szilassi, Balázs Benyhe, Dragan Dolinaj, and Imre Pálfai. "Drought Severity and its Effect on Agricultural Production in the Hungarian-Serbian Cross-Border Area." Journal of Environmental Geography 7, no. 3-4 (November 1, 2014): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jengeo-2014-0011.
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Abstract Several environmental and economic consequences of drought and the accompanying water shortage were observed in the plain area of the Carpathian Basin in the last decades. This area is mostly used for agriculture, thus it is a key problem in the future to maintain food safety in the changing circumstances. Therefore, involvement and identification of areas affected by drought hazard and revealing steps of efficient adaptation are of high importance. In this study influence of drought severity on agricultural production is investigated in the Hungarian-Serbian cross-border area. The tendency in drought severity was analysed by PaDI and MAI drought indices. The effect of drought on agricultural production is evaluated on maize yield data as the most drought sensitive crop in the region. Increasing drought frequency and severity was indicated for the study area for the period of 1961-2012. The spatial assessment of annual PaDI maps revealed the higher exposure of the north and northeastern part of the study area to drought, where drought frequency was also experienced to be the highest. Increased sensitivity was detected based on maize yield loss after the early 1990s and annual yields were in strong connection with d rought severity. In spite of the technological development of agriculture, environmental factors still substantially affect crop yie lds. The observed unfavourable changes in the region mean that water management and spatial planning faces conceptual challenges to prevent and mitigate the damages of drought.
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Simoncini, Guendalina. "Beyond the “Epopee of Ben Guerdane”: Exploring the Plurality of Resistance at the South-Eastern Tunisian Border." Studi Magrebini 19, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 88–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2590034x-12340041.
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Abstract This article aims to shed light on the plural form of resistance performed around the South-Eastern Tunisian border area through the case study of the ordinary people of Ben Guerdane’s resistance to the jihadi attack of 7th March 2016. Placing the so-called “epopee of Ben Guerdane” in a broader historical context, it seeks to explore the fluctuations between resistance and repression along the border area both in the past and in the present, showing how multifaceted the repertoire of resistance – which includes anti-colonial struggle, guerrilla action, regime opposition, subversions, forms of everyday resistance and jihadi insurrection – has been. Following the insight of Critical Border Studies, the border will be considered as an epistemological viewpoint rather than simply a geopolitical device, considering the central role of material and symbolic borders and boundaries that shape the living experiences of Ben Guerdane’s inhabitants. The article relies on qualitative data collected during long-term fieldwork in addition to shifting the focus of the study of the Tunisian-Libyan border from national security to an approach that prioritizes the experiences of ordinary people.
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Vašek, Antonín. "Ogar(a)." Studia Slavica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 64, no. 1 (June 2019): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/060.2019.64114.
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The present paper deals with the dialectal situation of the lexeme ogar,-a m.‘a young man’, ‘a youth’, ‘a son’, which belongs to the core vocabulary of the traditional Eastern Moravian dialect. The dialect called Wallachian is spoken around the towns of Rožnov, Valašské Meziříčí, Vsetín, Zlín, Vizovice, and Valašské Klobouky. In the southern part of the Wallachia region (around Zlín, Vizovice, and Klobouky), the expression is realized as ogara, -y / -i m. In addition, the same sense of the word ogar is common not only in the Silesian-Moravian dialectal region (namely, the Lachia area around Frenštát), which was likewise affected by Carpathian pastoral colonization in the past, but also the eastern Moravian dialectal island of Kelč with its very specific phonology. In Slovakia, the expression is found in two places. It is attested from the Spiš region (more specifically, from Veľký Šariš), where it has a pejorative meaning and is also used as a swearword (denoting a rather neglected young man). The second location is Revúca in the Slovak Central Mountains, where it denotes a tall man who is very thin - almost emaciated. In Poland, the word ogar is attested in the southern part of the Malopolska region around Ropčice (ogar - “czasem na dziecko wołają: Ty ogarze!”) and in the Zakopane region (ogarek - “2. przezwisko małych chłopców”). This information is confirmed as of the last quarter of the nineteenth century as well as the beginning of the twentieth century by Karłowicz's dictionary. Apart from that, the present-day Kraków urban dialect contains the expression agar ‘a youth’. The word ogar is not attested in the sense of ‘a boy’, ‘a youth’ in any other Slavonic or non-Slavonic language. As regards linguistic geography, the distribution of the word does not extend beyond the mountainous and sub-mountainous regions of the Western Carpathians. As it appears in several semantic varieties in multiple places around the Carpathian region but nowhere else, the word can be classified as a distinctly Carpathian expression. The alternate form ogarek, ogárek is a common diminutive derived by the suffix -ek and having a positive affective function. The form ogara found in southern Wallachia was most likely coined by analogy or by mistaking the indirect grammatical case of ogar for the nominative. Such a mistaken interpretation is quite plausible, given the fact that the area in question was less affected by the Carpathian pastoral colonization than the other regions. Hence the possible change of the nominative form of the word from ogar to ogara (and resulting in a different declensional pattern according to the keyword předseda). The lexeme ohař ‘a hunting dog’ is most likely to be an old borrowing from Eastern languages, which possibly indicates some degree of influence of those languages over the European area in question. As regards the Western Carpathian (and thus also the Moravian-Wallachian) ogar ‘a boy’ etc., it concerns a second borrowing of the same non-Slavonic word but with a different semantic content via Romanian (regardless of whether this non-Slavonic Eastern word got into Romanian directly or, rather, via a Slavonic language). In that sense, the word exists as yet another evidence of the Romanian linguistic (and perhaps also ethnic) involvement in the pastoral colonization of the Western Carpathians.
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Najbar, Anna, Wiesław Babik, Bartłomiej Najbar, and Maria Ogielska. "Genetic structure and differentiation of the fire salamander Salamandra salamandra at the northern margin of its range in the Carpathians." Amphibia-Reptilia 36, no. 3 (2015): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003005.
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Amphibian populations occurring at the margin of the species range exhibit lower genetic variation due to strong genetic drift and long-term isolation. Limited mobility and site fidelity together with habitat changes may accelerate genetic processes leading to local extinction. Here, we analyze genetic variation of the fire salamander subspecies Salamandra s. salamandra inhabiting the Outer Carpathian region in Poland, at the northern border of its distribution. Nuclear DNA polymorphism based on 10 microsatellite loci of 380 individuals sampled in 11 populations were analysed to measure gene flow between subpopulations and possible long-term isolation. Mitochondrial DNA control region analysis among 17 individuals representing 13 localities was used to detect the origin of populations which colonized Northern Europe after the last glaciation. Overall, pairwise FST’s and AMOVA test of ‘among group’ variation showed little differences in the allele frequencies and relatively high local gene flow. However, Bayesian clustering results revealed subtle structuring between eastern and western part of the studied region. Two extreme marginal populations from the Carpathian Piedmont revealed reduced genetic variation which may be attributed to strong influence of genetic drift. Only one mitochondrial DNA haplotype (type IIb) was found in all individuals and suggest that after the Last Glacial Maximum Salamandra salamandra migrated to the North-Western Europe from the single glacial refugium placed in the Balkan Peninsula.
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Maric, Miroslav. "Modelling obsidian trade routes during late Neolithic in the south-east Banat region of Vrsac using GIS." Starinar, no. 65 (2015): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1565037m.
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The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the possible trajectory of the movement of the obsidian that was brought to the region of present day Vrsac from Carpathian 1 and Carpathian 2 sources, located between Kosice and Miskolc (the present day border area between Hungary and Slovakia). This objective has been fulfilled using computer aided modelling performed within the constraints of geographic information system software based on the physical characteristics of the terrain and the reconstruction of paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions in the period of the late Neolithic. The second largest obsidian collection in the territory of Vinca culture originates from the site of Potporanj, south of Vrsac. The abundance of finds indicates the importance this region had in the distribution of this resource during late Neolithic. In the paper the modelling of two different possibilities of land based distribution from the flow of the river Tisza are shown; the first from Perlez/Opovo (western route) and the other from Mure? (northern route), i.e. present day Arad and Timi?oara. The modelled results indicate the existence of a settlement patterning close to the modelled pathways in the period of Vinca culture.
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Namsaraeva, Sayana. "Border Language." Inner Asia 16, no. 1 (August 19, 2014): 116–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340006.
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The conceptual framework of this paper is to view Mongolia as a ‘contact zone’ which geographically bridged the gap between two rapidly growing Eurasian empires—Russia and China. It allows a rethinking of the historical and social circumstances that led to the formation of Chinese Pidgin Russian (cpr)1 by highlighting the lexical and grammatical influence of the Mongolian language on contact languages in the China–Russia border area. In particular, it discusses Mongolian language in various encounters in Russian–Chinese interactions, such as the use of Mongolian as mediation language during the initial stage of Qing–Russian diplomatic relations and aslingua francain caravan trade and border relations between Russia and China, as well as its influence on the formation of Transbaikal dialect (orZabaikal’skoe narechie), which was widely spoken by Russians in Mongol-speaking colonial frontiers of Russia in Eastern Siberia. Moreover, the paper highlights the Mongolian elements in the firstcpr, questioning a common scholarly perception that Kiakhta (or Maimacheng)2 pidgin consisted primarily of Russian and Chinese borrowings. Therefore, unique language hybridisation of these three languages continues to be noticeable in Russia–China trade hubs in Inner Mongolia nowadays, where transborder ethnic and economic contacts between Russia, China and Mongolia are becoming more complicated and diverse.
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Kosakowski, Paweł, and Magdalena Wróbel. "Burial history, thermal history and hydrocarbon generation modelling of the Jurassic source rocks in the basement of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep and Outer Carpathians (SE Poland)." Geologica Carpathica 63, no. 4 (August 1, 2012): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-012-0026-2.
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Burial history, thermal history and hydrocarbon generation modelling of the Jurassic source rocks in the basement of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep and Outer Carpathians (SE Poland)Burial history, thermal maturity, and timing of hydrocarbon generation were modelled for the Jurassic source rocks in the basement of the Carpathian Foredeep and marginal part of the Outer Carpathians. The area of investigation was bounded to the west by Kraków, to the east by Rzeszów. The modelling was carried out in profiles of wells: Będzienica 2, Dębica 10K, Góra Ropczycka 1K, Goleszów 5, Nawsie 1, Pławowice E1 and Pilzno 40. The organic matter, containing gas-prone Type III kerogen with an admixture of Type II kerogen, is immature or at most, early mature to 0.7 % in the vitrinite reflectance scale. The highest thermal maturity is recorded in the south-eastern part of the study area, where the Jurassic strata are buried deeper. The thermal modelling showed that the obtained organic matter maturity in the initial phase of the "oil window" is connected with the stage of the Carpathian overthrusting. The numerical modelling indicated that the onset of hydrocarbon generation from the Middle Jurassic source rocks was also connected with the Carpathian thrust belt. The peak of hydrocarbon generation took place in the orogenic stage of the overthrusting. The amount of generated hydrocarbons is generally small, which is a consequence of the low maturity and low transformation degree of kerogen. The generated hydrocarbons were not expelled from their source rock. An analysis of maturity distribution and transformation degree of the Jurassic organic matter shows that the best conditions for hydrocarbon generation occurred most probably in areas deeply buried under the Outer Carpathians. It is most probable that the "generation kitchen" should be searched for there.
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Szachoń-Pszenny, Anna. "Local border traffic as a liberalization of the Schengen legal regime in the regional dimension with particular regard to the EU-Ukraine border." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 18, no. 1 (December 2020): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2020.1.9.
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Local border traffic has a legal basis in the Schengen acquis and is related to the EU’s free movement of persons, which, subject to certain conditions, is also available to third-country nationals. The subject of the article is the legal analysis of the Schengen regime in the context of cross-border cooperation with selected third countries on the external eastern border. The research thesis is proving that local border traffic is an exception to the Schengen regime and at the same time defines the regional dimension of the Schengen area. These analyses will be based on the practical context, which is the operation of the local border traffic on the example of the external eastern border of the European Union, particularly the EU-Ukraine border, which is also the external border of the EU and the Schengen area. In this context, the impact of the liberalized Schengen regime on the movement of people across the EU-Ukraine external border will be examined, which will indicate its phased nature with particular emphasis on the role of local border traffic as a transition phase between visa and visa-free traffic. The article uses comparative statistical data on both forms of liberalization of the Schengen legal regime on the border with Ukraine. At the same time, considering the local border traffic on the EU-Ukraine border, it is worth putting forward a thesis that the local border traffic is increasingly being replaced by visa-free travel. In addition, the LBT became the first step to introduce a visa-free regime, which is further liberalization of the Schengen regime.
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Dewi, Machya Astuti, and Iva Rachmawati. "The barriers and strategy of Sota’s border tourism area development." Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 31, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v31i42018.400-409.
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Merauke, located in the eastern part of Indonesia, has abundant natural resources and tourism potential. Unfortunately, these assets are not enough to establish Merauke as a successful border area. Even though many programs have been created by the local government of Merauke, the management of the border area in Sota Merauke has not been successful. This phenomenon poses a question about the barrier of developing Sota as a border tourism area. The research used qualitative methods by searching for related documents, observing Sota, and interviewing key persons including the local secretary of Merauke, the staff members of the local government of Merauke, the chief of police in Sota, WWF activists, and community leaders in Sota. The research found that the development of Sota as a border tourism area was not running well because of the lack of natural resource management, the lack of qualified human resources, and the lack of infrastructures with many institutional problems in those that did exist. The lack of qualified human resources was the most dominant factor because of the low ethos in the local community focused on developing the border area. The strategies proposed to tackle the barriers are: 1) to generate participation, especially that of youths and women, 2) to encourage tourism-aware groups, 3) to continuously implement group supervision, and 4) to develop border festivals with various cultural attractions and culinary promotions that involve a broad spectrum of Sota people.
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Bánffy, Eszter. "Eastern, Central and Western Hungary – variations of Neolithisation models." Documenta Praehistorica 33 (December 31, 2006): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.33.13.
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Until recent times, the Carpathian Basin was regarded as a uniform zone of neolithization. In the last few years it has become clear that at least three different types of transitions can be distinguished in the Eastern Plain (Alföld) region: one in the Jászság area with authentic Mesolithic sites, one in the northern, one in the northeastern fringes of the Körös distribution area, and a further one in the southern part of the Danube–Tisza Interfluve where the impact of the formative Vinča culture must also be reckoned with. All regions differ from each other, concerning the contacts with Mesolithic population and the phases of neolithisation. Regarding Transdanubia, the picture becomes even more complex. The transition to the Neolithic obviously differed in each region: in the Drava valley where the Starčevo presence was very intensive, in the marshland around Lake Balaton, in the Rába valley lying close to the Alpine foreland, in the northern Transdanubian Danube valley and in the Little Hungarian Plain. Rejecting the simplifying model the assumption of a mosaic-like series of variations in the neolithisation process is offered. The process of Neolithisation is thus is far from being unified in the various regions. This short study tries to seek different models of neolithisation behind the differences.
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Trąba, Czesława. "The stubble-field plant communities in South-Eastern Poland. P. III. Plant communities of mountain agricultural utility complexes." Acta Agrobotanica 44, no. 1-2 (2013): 137–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1991.011.
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In the Part I and II the stubble-field plant communities of lowlands agricultural utility complexes in South-Eastern Poland were introduced. The Part III contains a description of such communities occurring in mountain complexes. In the years 1972-1975, since August till September, 95 phytosociological records were taken on the area elevated from 300 to 650 m over the sea level, embracing the Carpathian Foreland and the Low Carpathian region. The research was conducted upon the typical, acid and leached brown soils, as well as on clay, dusty clay and silt alluvial soils belonging to three mountain complexes: wheat, cereal and oat-potatoes. The following communities were specified: I. <i>Setaria glauca</i> community, divided into two variants: 1) typical; 2) with <i>Aphanes arvensis</i>; II. <i>Veronica persica</i> community, divided into four variants: 1) with <i>Aphanes arvensis</i>, 2) typical, 3) with <i>Geranium dissectum</i>, 4) with <i>Aethusa cynapium</i>. The variant with <i>Geranium dissectum</i>, belonging to the community with <i>Veronica persica</i>, was considered as having the most mountain character.
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Kiseleva, Lyudmila L., Zhanna G. Silaeva, and Elena A. Parahina. "Ecological assessment of Carex brizoides L. habitats on the Eastern border of the area." SOCIALNO-ECOLOGICHESKIE TECHNOLOGII 9, no. 4 (2019): 395–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-2961-2019-9-4-395-413.
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The purpose of this work was an ecological assessment of the habitats of Carex brizoides L. on the Eastern border of the area on the indicator scales of D. N. Tsyganov (1983) using the computer program EcoScaleWin. To determine the ecological conditions of growth of C. brizoides, three coenopopulations were analyzed: on the margin of a mixed forest, forest of black alder and in cutting. Analysis of the ecological amplitude of the species on the scales of D.N. Tsyganov showed that the species is a stenobiont to the complex of climatic factors, a hemistenobiot to the complex of soil factors and a euryvalent for the light-shading factor. The degree of use of the ecological potentials of the species in the studied C. brizoides population is narrow in the following modes – scale of climate continentality, ombroclimatic scale of aridity and humidity, riches of the soil, nitrogen value of soils, soil acidity, Illumination-Shading (coefficient of ecological efficiency no more than 10%) and quite wide in – thermoclimatic end cryoclimatic scales, soil moisture (coefficient of ecological efficiency from 25.0% to 40.9%).
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유헌식. "The Eastern Trans-Rationalism and the Emergence of New Civilization in the Border Area." Hegel-Studien (Hegel-Yeongu) ll, no. 22 (December 2007): 289–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.17281/khegel.2007..22.009.
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