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Journal articles on the topic 'Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Lee Drbohlav, Hae-Kyung, and V. Krishnamurthy. "Spatial Structure, Forecast Errors, and Predictability of the South Asian Monsoon in CFS Monthly Retrospective Forecasts." Journal of Climate 23, no. 18 (2010): 4750–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli2356.1.

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Abstract The spatial structure of the boreal summer South Asian monsoon in the ensemble mean of monthly retrospective forecasts by the Climate Forecast System of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction is examined. The forecast errors and predictability of the model are assessed. Systematic errors in the forecasts consist of deficient rainfall over India, excess rainfall over the Arabian Sea, and a dipole structure over the equatorial Indian Ocean. On interannual time scale during 1981–2003, two different characteristics of the monsoon are recognized—both in observation and forecasts

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2

Wang, Jing, and Dongliang Yuan. "Roles of Western and Eastern Boundary Reflections in the Interannual Sea Level Variations during Negative Indian Ocean Dipole Events." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 7 (2015): 1804–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0124.1.

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AbstractThe equatorial wave dynamics of sea level variations during negative Indian Ocean dipole (nIOD) events are investigated using the LICOM ocean general circulation model forced with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast reanalysis wind stress and heat flux from 1990 to 2001. The work is a continuation of the study by Yuan and Liu, in which the equatorial wave dynamics during positive IOD events are investigated. The model has reproduced the sea level anomalies of satellite altimeter data well. Long equatorial waves extracted from the model output suggest two kinds of nega

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3

Brown, J., C. A. Clayson, L. Kantha, and T. Rojsiraphisal. "North Indian Ocean variability during the Indian Ocean dipole." Ocean Science Discussions 5, no. 2 (2008): 213–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-5-213-2008.

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Abstract. The circulation in the North Indian Ocean (NIO henceforth) is highly seasonally variable. Periodically reversing monsoon winds (southwesterly during summer and northeasterly during winter) give rise to seasonally reversing current systems off the coast of Somalia and India. In addition to this annual monsoon cycle, the NIO circulation varies semiannually because of equatorial currents reversing four times each year. These descriptions are typical, but how does the NIO circulation behave during anomalous years, during an Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) for instance? Unfortunately, in situ o

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Joseph, Sudheer, M. Ravichandran, B. Praveen Kumar, Raju V. Jampana, and Weiqing Han. "Ocean atmosphere thermal decoupling in the eastern equatorial Indian ocean." Climate Dynamics 49, no. 1-2 (2016): 575–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3359-1.

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Kido, Shoichiro, and Tomoki Tozuka. "Salinity Variability Associated with the Positive Indian Ocean Dipole and Its Impact on the Upper Ocean Temperature." Journal of Climate 30, no. 19 (2017): 7885–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0133.1.

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Abstract Both surface and subsurface salinity variability associated with positive Indian Ocean dipole (pIOD) events and its impacts on the sea surface temperature (SST) evolution are investigated through analysis of observational/reanalysis data and sensitivity experiments with a one-dimensional mixed layer model. During the pIOD, negative (positive) sea surface salinity (SSS) anomalies appear in the central-eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (southeastern tropical Indian Ocean). In addition to these SSS anomalies, positive (negative) salinity anomalies are found near the pycnocline in the easte

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Chen, Gengxin, Weiqing Han, Yuanlong Li, Dongxiao Wang, and Michael J. McPhaden. "Seasonal-to-Interannual Time-Scale Dynamics of the Equatorial Undercurrent in the Indian Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 6 (2015): 1532–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0225.1.

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AbstractThis paper investigates the structure and dynamics of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) of the Indian Ocean by analyzing in situ observations and reanalysis data and performing ocean model experiments using an ocean general circulation model and a linear continuously stratified ocean model. The results show that the EUC regularly occurs in each boreal winter and spring, particularly during February and April, consistent with existing studies. The EUC generally has a core depth near the 20°C isotherm and can be present across the equatorial basin. The EUC reappears during summer–fall of

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7

Han, Weiqing, Julian P. McCreary, Yukio Masumoto, Jérôme Vialard, and Benét Duncan. "Basin Resonances in the Equatorial Indian Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 41, no. 6 (2011): 1252–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jpo4591.1.

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Abstract Previous studies have investigated how second-baroclinic-mode (n = 2) Kelvin and Rossby waves in the equatorial Indian Ocean (IO) interact to form basin resonances at the semiannual (180 day) and 90-day periods. This paper examines unresolved issues about these resonances, including the reason the 90-day resonance is concentrated in the eastern ocean, the time scale for their establishment, and the impact of complex basin geometry. A hierarchy of ocean models is used: an idealized one-dimensional (1D) model, a linear continuously stratified ocean model (LCSM), and an ocean general cir

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Chen, Gengxin, Weiqing Han, Yuanlong Li, Jinglong Yao, and Dongxiao Wang. "Intraseasonal Variability of the Equatorial Undercurrent in the Indian Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 1 (2019): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-18-0151.1.

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AbstractBy analyzing in situ observations and conducting a series of ocean general circulation model experiments, this study investigates the physical processes controlling intraseasonal variability (ISV) of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) of the Indian Ocean. ISV of the EUC leads to time-varying water exchanges between the western and eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. For the 2001–14 period, standard deviations of the EUC transport variability are 1.92 and 1.77 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) in the eastern and western basins, respectively. The ISV of the EUC is predominantly caused by the wind forci

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9

Yuan, Dongliang, Jing Wang, Tengfei Xu, et al. "Forcing of the Indian Ocean Dipole on the Interannual Variations of the Tropical Pacific Ocean: Roles of the Indonesian Throughflow." Journal of Climate 24, no. 14 (2011): 3593–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli3649.1.

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Abstract Controlled numerical experiments using ocean-only and ocean–atmosphere coupled general circulation models show that interannual sea level depression in the eastern Indian Ocean during the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) events forces enhanced Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) to transport warm water from the upper-equatorial Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean. The enhanced transport produces elevation of the thermocline and cold subsurface temperature anomalies in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean, which propagate to the eastern equatorial Pacific to induce significant coupled evolution of the

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10

Zhou, Zhen-Qiang, Renhe Zhang, and Shang-Ping Xie. "Interannual Variability of Summer Surface Air Temperature over Central India: Implications for Monsoon Onset." Journal of Climate 32, no. 6 (2019): 1693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0675.1.

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Abstract Year-to-year variability of surface air temperature (SAT) over central India is most pronounced in June. Climatologically over central India, SAT peaks in May, and the transition from the hot premonsoon to the cooler monsoon period takes place around 9 June, associated with the northeastward propagation of intraseasonal convective anomalies from the western equatorial Indian Ocean. Positive (negative) SAT anomalies during June correspond to a delayed (early) Indian summer monsoon onset and tend to occur during post–El Niño summers. On the interannual time scale, positive SAT anomalies

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11

Zhong, Aihong, Harry H. Hendon, and Oscar Alves. "Indian Ocean Variability and Its Association with ENSO in a Global Coupled Model." Journal of Climate 18, no. 17 (2005): 3634–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3493.1.

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Abstract The evolution of the Indian Ocean during El Niño–Southern Oscillation is investigated in a 100-yr integration of an Australian Bureau of Meteorology coupled seasonal forecast model. During El Niño, easterly anomalies are induced across the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. These act to suppress the equatorial thermocline to the west and elevate it to the east and initially cool (warm) the sea surface temperature (SST) in the east (west). Subsequently, the entire Indian Ocean basin warms, mainly in response to the reduced latent heat flux and enhanced shortwave radiation that is associa

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Wei, Yuqiu, Jun Sun, Xiaodong Zhang, Jing Wang, and Ke Huang. "Picophytoplankton size and biomass around equatorial eastern Indian Ocean." MicrobiologyOpen 8, no. 2 (2018): e00629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.629.

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13

Chen, Gengxin, Weiqing Han, Yuanlong Li, and Dongxiao Wang. "Interannual Variability of Equatorial Eastern Indian Ocean Upwelling: Local versus Remote Forcing." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 3 (2016): 789–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-15-0117.1.

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AbstractThe equatorial eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) upwelling occurs in the Indian Ocean warm pool, differing from the equatorial Pacific and Atlantic upwelling that occurs in the cold tongue. By analyzing observations and performing ocean model experiments, this paper quantifies the remote versus local forcing in causing interannual variability of the equatorial EIO upwelling from 2001 to 2011 and elucidates the associated processes. For all seasons, interannual variability of thermocline depth in the EIO, as an indicator of upwelling, is dominated by remote forcing from equatorial Indian Ocean

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Yang, Yiya, Renguang Wu, and Chenghai Wang. "Individual and Combined Impacts of Tropical Indo-Pacific SST Anomalies on Interannual Variation of the Indochina Peninsular Precipitation." Journal of Climate 33, no. 3 (2020): 1069–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0262.1.

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AbstractThis study documents interannual rainfall variations over the Indochina Peninsula (ICP) during the rainy season and individual and combined influences of tropical Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. The rainfall variability is large along the west coast in May–June, along the west coast and over the eastern mountains in July–August, and along the central Vietnam coast in September–November. More rainfall in May–June, July–August, and October–November occurs in the La Niña decaying years, La Niña decaying years and/or El Niño developing years, and La Niña developing ye

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15

Krishnan, R., and P. Swapna. "Significant Influence of the Boreal Summer Monsoon Flow on the Indian Ocean Response during Dipole Events." Journal of Climate 22, no. 21 (2009): 5611–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2176.1.

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Abstract A majority of positive Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) events in the last 50 years were accompanied by enhanced summer monsoon circulation and above-normal precipitation over central-north India. Given that IODs peak during boreal autumn following the summer monsoon season, this study examines the role of the summer monsoon flow on the Indian Ocean (IO) response using a suite of ocean model experiments and supplementary data diagnostics. The present results indicate that, if the summer monsoon Hadley-type circulation strengthens during positive IOD events, then the strong off-equatorial sou

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16

Utari, Putri Adia, Mokhamad Yusup Nur Khakim, Dedi Setiabudidaya, and Iskhaq Iskandar. "Dynamics of 2015 positive Indian Ocean Dipole." Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science 69, no. 1 (2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/es19002.

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Evolution of typical positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) event was dominated by a significant sea-surface temperature (SST) cooling in the south-eastern tropical Indian Ocean. Interestingly, during the evolution of 2015 pIOD event, the SST in the south-eastern tropical Indian Ocean did not reveal significant cooling, instead anomalous strong SST warming took place in the western tropical Indian Ocean off the East African coast. This anomalous SST warming was associated with a weakening of the Asian summer monsoon. Furthermore, analysis on the mixed layer heat budget demonstrated that the evolu

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Ihara, Chie, Yochanan Kushnir, Mark A. Cane, and Alexey Kaplan. "Timing of El Niño–Related Warming and Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall." Journal of Climate 21, no. 11 (2008): 2711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1979.1.

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Abstract The relationship between all-India summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) and the timing of (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) ENSO-related warming/cooling is investigated, using observational data during the period from 1881 to 1998. The analysis of the evolutions of Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies suggests that when ISMR is not below normal despite the co-occurrence of an El Niño event, warming over the eastern equatorial Pacific starts from boreal winter and evolves early so that the western-central Pacific and Indian Ocean are warmer than normal during the summer monsoon

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18

Zheng, Xiao-Tong, Shang-Ping Xie, Yan Du, Lin Liu, Gang Huang, and Qinyu Liu. "Indian Ocean Dipole Response to Global Warming in the CMIP5 Multimodel Ensemble*." Journal of Climate 26, no. 16 (2013): 6067–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00638.1.

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Abstract The response of the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) mode to global warming is investigated based on simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). In response to increased greenhouse gases, an IOD-like warming pattern appears in the equatorial Indian Ocean, with reduced (enhanced) warming in the east (west), an easterly wind trend, and thermocline shoaling in the east. Despite a shoaling thermocline and strengthened thermocline feedback in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean, the interannual variance of the IOD mode remains largely unchanged in sea surface te

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Joseph, Sudheer, M. Ravichandran, B. Praveen Kumar, Raju V. Jampana, and Weiqing Han. "Erratum to: Ocean atmosphere thermal decoupling in the eastern equatorial Indian ocean." Climate Dynamics 49, no. 1-2 (2016): 703–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3379-x.

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Hirons, Linda, and Andrew Turner. "The Impact of Indian Ocean Mean-State Biases in Climate Models on the Representation of the East African Short Rains." Journal of Climate 31, no. 16 (2018): 6611–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0804.1.

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The role of the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) in controlling interannual variability in the East African short rains, from October to December, is examined in state-of-the-art models and in detail in one particular climate model. In observations, a wet short-rainy season is associated with the positive phase of the IOD and anomalous easterly low-level flow across the equatorial Indian Ocean. A model’s ability to capture the teleconnection to the positive IOD is closely related to its representation of the mean state. During the short-rains season, the observed low-level wind in the equatorial Indi

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Schott, Friedrich A. "Shallow overturning circulation of the Western Indian Ocean." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363, no. 1826 (2005): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2004.1483.

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The Indian Ocean differs from the other two oceans in not possessing an eastern equatorial upwelling regime. Instead, the upwelling occurs dominantly in the northwestern Arabian Sea and, to a lesser degree, around the Indian subcontinent. Subduction, on the other hand, occurs dominantly in the Southern Hemisphere. The result is a shallow Cross–Equatorial Cell connecting both regimes. The northward flow at thermocline levels occurs as part of the Somali Current and the southward upper–layer return flow is carried by the Ekman transports that are directed southward in both hemispheres. The main

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Ihara, Chie, Yochanan Kushnir, Mark A. Cane, and Victor H. de la Peña. "Climate Change over the Equatorial Indo-Pacific in Global Warming*." Journal of Climate 22, no. 10 (2009): 2678–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2581.1.

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Abstract The response of the equatorial Indian Ocean climate to global warming is investigated using model outputs submitted to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report. In all of the analyzed climate models, the SSTs in the western equatorial Indian Ocean warm more than the SSTs in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean under global warming; the mean SST gradient across the equatorial Indian Ocean is anomalously positive to the west in a warmer twenty-first-century climate compared to the twentieth-century climate, and it is dynamically consistent with the an

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Rao, Suryachandra A., Sebastien Masson, Jing-Jia Luo, Swadhin K. Behera, and Toshio Yamagata. "Termination of Indian Ocean Dipole Events in a Coupled General Circulation Model." Journal of Climate 20, no. 13 (2007): 3018–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4164.1.

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Abstract Using 200 yr of coupled general circulation model (CGCM) results, causes for the termination of Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) events are investigated. The CGCM used here is the Scale Interaction Experiment-Frontier Research Center for Global Change (SINTEX-F1) model, which consists of a version of the European Community–Hamburg (ECHAM4.6) atmospheric model and a version of the Ocean Parallelise (OPA8.2) ocean general circulation model. This model reproduces reasonably well the present-day climatology and interannual signals of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The main characteristics of the

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Meehl, Gerald A., Julie M. Arblaster, and Johannes Loschnigg. "Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Dynamical Processes in the Tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans and the TBO." Journal of Climate 16, no. 13 (2003): 2138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2767.1.

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Abstract The transitions (from relatively strong to relatively weak monsoon) in the tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) occur in northern spring for the south Asian or Indian monsoon and northern fall for the Australian monsoon involving coupled land–atmosphere–ocean processes over a large area of the Indo-Pacific region. Transitions from March–May (MAM) to June–September (JJAS) tend to set the system for the next year, with a transition to the opposite sign the following year. Previous analyses of observed data and GCM sensitivity experiments have demonstrated that the TBO (with roughly a

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Sengupta, Debasis, Retish Senan, B. N. Goswami, and Jérôme Vialard. "Intraseasonal Variability of Equatorial Indian Ocean Zonal Currents." Journal of Climate 20, no. 13 (2007): 3036–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4166.1.

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Abstract New satellite and in situ observations show large intraseasonal (10–60 day) variability of surface winds and upper-ocean current in the equatorial Indian Ocean, particularly in the east. An ocean model forced by the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) wind stress is used to study the dynamics of the intraseasonal zonal current. The model has realistic upper-ocean currents and thermocline depth variabilities on intraseasonal to interannual scales. The quality of the simulation is directly attributed to the accuracy of the wind forcing. At the equator, moderate westerly winds are punctuated

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Tozuka, Tomoki, Motoki Nagura, and Toshio Yamagata. "Influence of the Reflected Rossby Waves on the Western Arabian Sea Upwelling Region." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 5 (2014): 1424–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-0127.1.

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Abstract The sea surface temperature (SST) in the western Arabian Sea upwelling region is known to influence the amount of precipitation associated with the Indian summer monsoon. Thus, understanding what determines the SST in this region is an important issue. Using outputs from an ocean general circulation model with and without strong damping in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean, this study examines how the reflection of semiannual Kelvin waves at the eastern boundary of the Indian Ocean may influence the western Arabian Sea upwelling region. The downwelling Kelvin waves generated in bore

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Rao, Suryachandra A., Hemantkumar S. Chaudhari, Samir Pokhrel, and B. N. Goswami. "Unusual Central Indian Drought of Summer Monsoon 2008: Role of Southern Tropical Indian Ocean Warming." Journal of Climate 23, no. 19 (2010): 5163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3257.1.

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Abstract While many of the previous positive Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) years were associated with above (below)-normal monsoon rainfall over central (southern) India during summer monsoon months [June–September (JJAS)], the IOD event in 2008 is associated with below (above)-normal rainfall in many parts of central (southern peninsular) India. Because understanding such regional organization is a key for success in regional prediction, using different datasets and atmospheric model simulations, the reasons for this abnormal behavior of the monsoon in 2008 are explored. Compared to normal positi

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Wen, Min, Tim Li, Renhe Zhang, and Yanjun Qi. "Structure and Origin of the Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation over the Tropical Indian Ocean in Boreal Spring." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 6 (2010): 1965–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3105.1.

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Abstract The structure and evolution features of the quasi-biweekly (10–20 day) oscillation (QBWO) in boreal spring over the tropical Indian Ocean (IO) are investigated using 27-yr daily outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and the National Centers for Environment Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalysis data. It is found that a convective disturbance is initiated over the western IO and moves slowly eastward. After passing the central IO, it abruptly jumps into the eastern IO. Meanwhile, the preexisting suppressed convective anomaly in the eastern IO moves polew

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Iskandar, Iskhaq. "ANOMALOUS OCEANIC CONDITIONS IN THE TROPICAL INDIAN OCEAN DURING 2006 AS REVEALED BY MULTI-SATELLITE SENSORS." Marine Research in Indonesia 34, no. 2 (2009): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v34i2.461.

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A positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) took place in the tropical Indian Ocean during 2006. The evolution of this event started in July 2006 and intensified during August 2006. It was indicated by negative sea surface temperature anomalies, lower than normal sea level and supressed convection in the southeastern equatorial Indian Ocean in contrast to western counterpart. Peak negative SST anomalies exceeding 1°C were observed in the eastern basin during September-November coinciding with anomaous easterly winds along the equator and strong southeasterly winds along the coast of Sumatra and Java.

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Stramma, Lothar, and Sunke Schmidtko. "Tropical deoxygenation sites revisited to investigate oxygen and nutrient trends." Ocean Science 17, no. 3 (2021): 833–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-833-2021.

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Abstract. An oxygen decrease of the intermediate-depth low-oxygen zones (300 to 700 m) is seen in time series for selected tropical areas for the period 1960 to 2008 in the eastern tropical Atlantic, the equatorial Pacific and the eastern tropical Indian Ocean. These nearly 5-decade time series were extended to 68 years by including rare historic data starting in 1950 and more recent data. For the extended time series between 1950 and 2018, the deoxygenation trend for the layer 300 to 700 m is similar to the deoxygenation trend seen in the shorter time series. Additionally, temperature, salini

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Dunlop, JN, RD Wooller, and NG Cheshire. "Distribution and abundance of marine birds in the Eastern Indian Ocean." Marine and Freshwater Research 39, no. 5 (1988): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9880661.

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A survey of pelagic seabird distribution in the eastern Indian Ocean was conducted during October 1987. Five seabird assemblages were identified, associated with different marine environments. Sea surface salinity appeared to be the most important factor in tropical, oceanic waters and sea surface temperature in shelf waters. A distinct and relatively species-rich community occurred over the South Equatorial Current, where seabird biomasses were relatively high, albeit patchily distributed. Overall, the patterns of abundance of pelagic seabirds north-west of Australia reflected the known patte

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Han, Weiqing, Julian P. McCreary, D. L. T. Anderson, and Arthur J. Mariano. "Dynamics of the Eastern Surface Jets in the Equatorial Indian Ocean*." Journal of Physical Oceanography 29, no. 9 (1999): 2191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<2191:dotesj>2.0.co;2.

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Terray, Pascal, and Sébastien Dominiak. "Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature and El Niño–Southern Oscillation: A New Perspective." Journal of Climate 18, no. 9 (2005): 1351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3338.1.

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Abstract Here the 1976–77 climate regime shift that was accompanied by a remarkable change in the lead–lag relationships between Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) and El Niño evolution is shown. After the 1976–77 regime shift, a correlation analysis suggests that southern Indian Ocean SSTs observed during late boreal winter are a key precursor in predicting El Niño evolution as the traditional oceanic heat content anomalies in the equatorial Pacific or zonal wind anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific. The possible physical mechanisms underlying this highly significant statisti

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Huang, Yu, Bo Wu, Tim Li, Tianjun Zhou, and Bo Liu. "Interdecadal Indian Ocean Basin Mode Driven by Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation: A Season-Dependent Growth Mechanism." Journal of Climate 32, no. 7 (2019): 2057–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0452.1.

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The interdecadal variability of basinwide sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO), referred to as the interdecadal Indian Ocean basin mode (ID-IOBM), is caused by remote forcing of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO), as demonstrated by the observational datasets and tropical Pacific pacemaker experiments of the Community Earth System Model (CESM). It is noted that the growth of the ID-IOBM shows a season-dependent characteristic, with a maximum tendency of mixed layer heat anomalies occurring in early boreal winter. Three factors contribute to this

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Zhu, Zhiwei. "Breakdown of the Relationship between Australian Summer Rainfall and ENSO Caused by Tropical Indian Ocean SST Warming." Journal of Climate 31, no. 6 (2018): 2321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0132.1.

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The relationship between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Australian summer rainfall (ASR) during 1960–2015 experienced an interdecadal change around the mid-1980s. Before the mid-1980s, ASR was significantly correlated with tropical central Pacific (TCP) sea surface temperature (SST), whereas after that it was not. While El Niño was always independent from ASR, La Niña had a close relationship with ASR. However, this relationship was weakened after the mid-1980s. The Indian Ocean SST warming might contribute to the weakening relationship between La Niña and ASR. For La Niña events befo

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Rydbeck, Adam V., and Tommy G. Jensen. "Oceanic Impetus for Convective Onset of the Madden–Julian Oscillation in the Western Indian Ocean." Journal of Climate 30, no. 11 (2017): 4299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0595.1.

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Abstract A theory for intraseasonal atmosphere–ocean–atmosphere feedback is supported whereby oceanic equatorial Rossby waves are partly forced in the eastern Indian Ocean by the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), reemerge in the western Indian Ocean ~70 days later, and force large-scale convergence in the atmospheric boundary layer that precedes MJO deep convection. Downwelling equatorial Rossby waves permit high sea surface temperature (SST) and enhance meridional and zonal SST gradients that generate convergent circulations in the atmospheric boundary layer. The magnitude of the SST and SST g

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Drbohlav, Hae-Kyung Lee, Silvio Gualdi, and Antonio Navarra. "A Diagnostic Study of the Indian Ocean Dipole Mode in El Niño and Non–El Niño Years." Journal of Climate 20, no. 13 (2007): 2961–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4153.1.

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Abstract The Indian Ocean dipole mode (IODM) is examined by comparing the characteristics of oceanic and atmospheric circulations, heat budgets, and possible mechanisms of IODM between El Niño and non–El Niño years. Forty-year ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data, Reynolds SST data, and ocean assimilation data from the Modular Ocean Model are used to form composites of the IODM that occur during El Niño (1972, 1982, and 1997) and non–El Niño (1961, 1967, and 1994) years. In El Niño years, two off-equatorial, anticyclonic circulations develop, associated with the increased pressure over the eastern

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38

Huang, Ping, and Ronghui Huang. "Climatology and Interannual Variability of Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves Activity." Journal of Climate 24, no. 16 (2011): 4451–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4021.1.

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Abstract Climatology and interannual variability of convectively coupled equatorial wave (CCEW) activity, including the mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG), tropical-depression-type (TD-type), equatorial Rossby (ER), and Kelvin waves, are investigated using the satellite-observed brightness temperature data from the Cloud Archive User Service. The monthly activity of CCEWs is represented by the root mean square of the daily filtered convections in each month based on the Wheeler–Kiladis filtering method. More precise seasonal cycles of CCEW activity are obtained from the meridional and zonal mean clima

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Chen, Gengxin, Weiqing Han, Yeqiang Shu, Yuanlong Li, Dongxiao Wang, and Qiang Xie. "The role of Equatorial Undercurrent in sustaining the Eastern Indian Ocean upwelling." Geophysical Research Letters 43, no. 12 (2016): 6444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016gl069433.

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Yuan, C., Y. Li, X. Zhang, et al. "Diversity of picoeukaryotes in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean revealed by metabarcoding." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 86 (May 27, 2021): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame01965.

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We used 18S rRNA gene metabarcoding to investigate picoeukaryotic diversity and distribution at the surface and deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) of 4 stations in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO). The results showed that picoeukaryotic communities were dominated by 5 phyla: Dinoflagellata, Radiolaria, Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta and Ciliophora. The picoeukaryotic communities were classified into 3 groups matching their water mass origins and depth: (1) Group I was in the surface waters of the Bay of Bengal, which had low salinity, and was dominated by Radiolaria Group A, Spirotrichea and ma

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Yuan, Dongliang, Hui Zhou, and Xia Zhao. "Interannual Climate Variability over the Tropical Pacific Ocean Induced by the Indian Ocean Dipole through the Indonesian Throughflow." Journal of Climate 26, no. 9 (2013): 2845–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00117.1.

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Abstract The authors’ previous dynamical study has suggested a link between the Indian and Pacific Ocean interannual climate variations through the transport variations of the Indonesian Throughflow. In this study, the consistency of this oceanic channel link with observations is investigated using correlation analyses of observed ocean temperature, sea surface height, and surface wind data. The analyses show significant lag correlations between the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean in fall and those in the eastern Pacific cold tongue in the fol

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Pujiana, Kandaga, and Michael J. McPhaden. "Ocean Surface Layer Response to Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves in the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 123, no. 8 (2018): 5727–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018jc013858.

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Chen, Gengxin, Dongxiao Wang, Weiqing Han, et al. "The Extreme El Niño Events Suppressing the Intraseasonal Variability in the Eastern Tropical Indian Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 8 (2020): 2359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-20-0041.1.

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AbstractIn the eastern tropical Indian Ocean, intraseasonal variability (ISV) affects the regional oceanography and marine ecosystems. Mooring and satellite observations documented two periods of unusually weak ISV during the past two decades, associated with suppressed baroclinic instability of the South Equatorial Current. Regression analysis and model simulations suggest that the exceptionally weak ISVs were caused primarily by the extreme El Niño events and modulated to a lesser extent by the Indian Ocean dipole. Additional observations confirm that the circulation balance in the Indo-Paci

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Yuan, Dongliang, and Hailong Liu. "Long-Wave Dynamics of Sea Level Variations during Indian Ocean Dipole Events." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 5 (2009): 1115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3900.1.

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Abstract Long-wave dynamics of the interannual variations of the equatorial Indian Ocean circulation are studied using an ocean general circulation model forced by the assimilated surface winds and heat flux of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. The simulation has reproduced the sea level anomalies of the Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon altimeter observations well. The equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves decomposed from the model simulation show that western boundary reflections provide important negative feedbacks to the evolution of the upwelling currents off

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Kodera, Kunihiko, Nawo Eguchi, Rei Ueyama, et al. "Implication of tropical lower stratospheric cooling in recent trends in tropical circulation and deep convective activity." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 4 (2019): 2655–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2655-2019.

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Abstract. Large changes in tropical circulation from the mid-to-late 1990s to the present, in particular changes related to the summer monsoon and cooling of the sea surface in the equatorial eastern Pacific, are noted. The cause of such recent decadal variations in the tropics was studied using a meteorological reanalysis dataset. Cooling of the equatorial southeastern Pacific Ocean occurred in association with enhanced cross-equatorial southerlies that were associated with a strengthening of the deep ascending branch of the boreal summer Hadley circulation over the continental sector connect

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Priya, P., Milind Mujumdar, T. P. Sabin, Pascal Terray, and R. Krishnan. "Impacts of Indo-Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies on the Summer Monsoon Circulation and Heavy Precipitation over Northwest India–Pakistan Region during 2010." Journal of Climate 28, no. 9 (2015): 3714–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00595.1.

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Abstract Quite a few studies have documented the evolution of monsoon synoptic systems and midlatitude atmospheric blocking associated with the recent heavy precipitation and floods over northwest Pakistan during 2010. This period also witnessed a very unusual Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) evolution with a strong La Niña event in the Pacific, substantial Indian Ocean warming, and a negative Indian Ocean dipole event, together with significant enhancement of precipitation over both the equatorial western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean. Here, the authors perform a suite

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Song, Qian, Gabriel A. Vecchi, and Anthony J. Rosati. "The Role of the Indonesian Throughflow in the Indo–Pacific Climate Variability in the GFDL Coupled Climate Model." Journal of Climate 20, no. 11 (2007): 2434–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4133.1.

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Abstract The impacts of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) on the tropical Indo–Pacific climate, particularly on the character of interannual variability, are explored using a coupled general circulation model (CGCM). A pair of CGCM experiments—a control experiment with an open ITF and a perturbation experiment in which the ITF is artificially closed—is integrated for 200 model years, with the 1990 values of trace gases. The closure of the ITF results in changes to the mean oceanic and atmospheric conditions throughout the tropical Indo–Pacific domain as follows: surface temperatures in the east

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Ling, Jian, Chidong Zhang, and Peter Bechtold. "Large-Scale Distinctions between MJO and Non-MJO Convective Initiation over the Tropical Indian Ocean." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 70, no. 9 (2013): 2696–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-029.1.

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Abstract In this study, the authors seek large-scale signals that may distinguish MJO from non-MJO convective events before they start over the Indian Ocean. Three such signals were found. Low-level easterly anomalies extend from the surface to the midtroposphere and move from the western to eastern Indian Ocean. Surface pressure anomalies exhibit a zonal structure of wavenumber 1 with an equatorial low-pressure surge penetrating eastward from Africa through the Indian Ocean and reaching the Maritime Continent. Negative temperature anomalies in the middle to upper troposphere start over the In

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Anoop, T. R., V. Sanil Kumar, P. R. Shanas, G. Johnson, and M. M. Amrutha. "Indian Ocean Dipole modulated wave climate of eastern Arabian Sea." Ocean Science Discussions 12, no. 5 (2015): 2473–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-12-2473-2015.

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Abstract. Intrinsic modes of variability have a significant role in driving climatic oscillations in the ocean. In this paper, we investigate the influence of inter-annual variability, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), on the wave climate of the eastern Arabian Sea (AS). Using measured, modeled and reanalysis wave data and reanalysis wind data, we show that the IOD plays a major role in the variability of wave climate of the study region due to the IOD induced changes in equatorial sea surface temperature and sea level pressure. Inter-annual variability in the wave climate over the eastern AS dur

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Ummenhofer, Caroline C., Alexander Sen Gupta, Matthew H. England, and Chris J. C. Reason. "Contributions of Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperatures to Enhanced East African Rainfall." Journal of Climate 22, no. 4 (2009): 993–1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2493.1.

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Abstract Links between extreme wet conditions over East Africa and Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures (SST) are investigated during the core of the so-called short rain season in October–November. During periods of enhanced East African rainfall, Indian Ocean SST anomalies reminiscent of a tropical Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) event are observed. Ensemble simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model are used to understand the relative effect of local and large-scale Indian Ocean SST anomalies on above-average East African precipitation. The importance of the various tropical and s

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