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Journal articles on the topic 'Eastern hemlock Balsam fir Red spruce'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Lynch, Ann M., and John A. Witter. "Relationships between balsam fir mortality caused by the spruce budworm and stand, site, and soil variables in Michigan's Upper Peninsula." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 1 (1985): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-023.

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The association of various stand, site, and soil variables with impact of the spruce budworm, Choristoneurafumiferana (Clemens), on balsam fir, Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill., was examined in the Hiawatha and Ottawa National Forests of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Geographic differences in impact were due, at least in part, to differences in the duration of the budworm outbreak. Impact was extremely variable between stands. Linear relations observed between impact variables and stand, site, and soil variables were weak. The quantity of balsam fir in the stand (basal area per hectare or proportion of

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2

Loo, J., and N. Ives. "The Acadian forest: Historical condition and human impacts." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 3 (2003): 462–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79462-3.

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The Acadian Forest Region comprises the three Maritime Provinces of Canada, each of which has a distinct history resulting in different patterns of land ownership, land use, and impacts on the forest. The region encompasses a high degree of physiographic and biological diversity, being situated where the warm, moist influence of the Gulf Stream from the south collides with the cold Labrador Current and the boreal forest gradually gives way to mostly deciduous forest. Natural forest types in the Acadian Forest Region include rich tolerant hardwood, similar to the deciduous forests to the south;

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3

Kenefic, Laura S., John M. Kabrick, Benjamin O. Knapp, et al. "Mixedwood silviculture in North America: the science and art of managing for complex, multi-species temperate forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 51, no. 7 (2021): 921–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-0410.

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Temperate mixedwoods (hardwood–softwood mixtures) in central and eastern United States and Canada can be classified into two overarching categories: those with shade-tolerant softwoods maintained by light to moderate disturbances and those with shade-intolerant to mid-tolerant softwoods maintained by moderate to severe disturbances. The former includes red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), or eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) in mixture with northern hardwood species; the latter includes pine (Pinus) – oak (Quercus) mixtures. Such forests have des

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4

Lavoie, Martin, Louise Filion, and Élisabeth C. Robert. "Boreal peatland margins as repository sites of long-term natural disturbances of balsam fir/spruce forests." Quaternary Research 71, no. 3 (2009): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2009.01.005.

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AbstractA multidisciplinary, high-resolution paleoecological study (Lepidoptera and plant remains, macroscopic charcoal, pollen) was conducted on a 4000-yr peat monolith extracted from the margin of an ombrotrophic peatland on Anticosti Island (Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada) to reconstruct the long-term natural disturbances (insect outbreaks, forest fires) of a balsam fir/spruce forest. We hypothesized that an activity of insect defoliators (spruce budworm, hemlock looper) was the main disturbance factor of conifer forests during the Late Holocene. The earliest remains of spruce budworm

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5

Swift, Edwin, Margaret Penner, Rolland Gagnon, and Jason Knox. "A stand density management diagram for spruce–balsam fir mixtures in New Brunswick." Forestry Chronicle 83, no. 2 (2007): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc83187-2.

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Balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), black spruce (P. mariana (Mill.) BSP), and white spruce (P. glauca (Moench) Voss) often form mixed stands throughout northeastern North America. After harvesting operations or natural disturbances, the resulting natural regeneration may require thinning prescriptions to achieve the desired future stand structure and associated forest products. Stand density management diagrams (SDMDs) can assist the forest manager in examining potential yield implications of stand density management decisions. Data from New Brunswick, Nov

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6

MacKinnon, Wayne E., and David A. MacLean. "Effects of surrounding forest and site conditions on growth reduction of balsam fir and spruce caused by spruce budworm defoliation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 11 (2004): 2351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-115.

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The species composition of surrounding forest and site characteristics have been postulated to influence growth loss caused by eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) defoliation. Forty spruce (Picea spp.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) stands located in north-central New Brunswick, Canada, were measured for defoliation and tree growth and used to determine the effects of surrounding forest (softwood, mixedwood), site (wet soil nutrient poor; moist soil nutrient rich), and species group (balsam fir, spruce) on growth reduction caused by spruce budworm. Stem anal

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7

Cooper, P. A., D. Jeremic, S. Radivojevic, Y. T. Ung, and B. Leblon. "Potential of near-infrared spectroscopy to characterize wood products1This article is a contribution to the series The Role of Sensors in the New Forest Products Industry and Bioeconomy." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 11 (2011): 2150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-088.

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Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has high potential as a rapid nondestructive approach to identifying wood species and estimating properties that affect their utilization. This study found that NIRS could differentiate certain wood species groups. True firs (balsam fir ( Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and subalpine fir ( Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.)) could be distinguished from pine and spruce in eastern and western spruce–pine–fir, respectively, more than 95% of the time. Western hemlock ( Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) could be differentiated from amabilis fir ( Abies amabilis Douglas ex J

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8

Thomas, P. A., and Ross W. Wein. "The influence of shelter and the hypothetical effect of fire severity on the postfire establishment of conifers from seed." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 1 (1985): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-024.

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Surface-charred organic matter is a common but unfavourable postfire seedbed in eastern Canada. Slatted screens providing 0, 25, 50, and 75% cover were used to shelter 1-m2 charred plots from direct sunlight. Plots were sown with four conifer species. Jack pine (Pinnsbanksiana Lamb.) established abundantly on all plots and dominated on unsheltered areas. As shelter increased, eastern white pine (Pinusstrobus L.), and eventually balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) increased in number. Thus, the size and composition of the seedling community depen

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9

Özşahin, Şükrü, Hilal Singer, Ali Temiz, and İbrahim Yıldırım. "Selection of softwood species for structural and non-structural timber construction by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA)." BALTIC FORESTRY 25, no. 2 (2019): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46490/vol25iss2pp281.

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In this study, the hybrid approach of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA) was used in order to select the most suitable softwood timber for constraction. Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Lodgepole pine (Pinus concorta), Red pine (Pinus resinosa), Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), Western larch (Larix occidentalis) and Western redcedar (Thuja plicata) were evaluated in terms of economic, physical, mechanical, thermal and durability properties.

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10

Boucher, Yan, Dominique Arseneault, and Luc Sirois. "Logging-induced change (1930-2002) of a preindustrial landscape at the northern range limit of northern hardwoods, eastern Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 2 (2006): 505–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-252.

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Logging-induced changes from preindustrial (1930) to current conditions (2002) were studied in a landscape covering 13 550 ha in eastern Quebec. Age and types of forest cover were compared between 1930 and 2002 forest maps. In addition, we compared relative species abundance between living stems and coarse woody debris to study these changes at the stand scale. More than 90% of the 1930 preindustrial landscape was composed of forest stands older than 100 years. A balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) dominated conifer cover (77% of the landscape are

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11

Archambault, Louis, Jacques Morissette, and Michèle Bernier-Cardou. "Succession forestière après feu dans la sapinière à bouleau jaune du Bas-Saint-Laurent, Québec." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 6 (1997): 702–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73702-6.

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Forest successions following a forest fire that occurred in 1932 were studied on mesic sites of the boreal mixedwood forest of the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of Quebec, Canada. Physiographic, soil and vegetation data were collected in 28 ecosystems distributed on a topographic gradient. The vegetation composition of the main canopy, 64 years after the fire, varied according to topographic situation. The proportion of tolerant hardwood species (yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.)) increased toward upper slopes whereas it wa

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12

Bondietti, E. A., N. Momoshima, W. C. Shortle, and K. T. Smith. "A historical perspective on divalent cation trends in red spruce stemwood and the hypothetical relationship to acidic deposition." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 12 (1990): 1850–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-248.

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Anomalies in the radial concentration trends of Ca2+, Mg2+, and other divalent cations in the stemwood of red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) occurred in trees grown in New England, Tennessee, and North Carolina. These anomalies may be assumed to result from changes in sap chemistry. These inferred changes in sap chemistry were the expected result of changes of divalent cation availability in forest soils. The patterns of these anomalies may be interpreted as a signal of a regional mobilization of cations in the rooting zone of red spruce. The anomalous increase in divalent cations present in wood

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13

Allan, Thomas A. "Seasonal changes in habitat use by Maine spruce grouse." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 12 (1985): 2738–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-408.

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Seasonal change in habitats used by spruce grouse (Dendragapus canadensis) in eastern Maine was studied from spring 1981 until autumn 1983. Forest composition averaged 88 and 90% conifer tree species for males and females, respectively. Red spruce (Picea rubens) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) were the dominant trees present in all habitats at all seasons. Forest density of habitats used by grouse differed significantly by season and sex. During winter males and females used conifer stands that were denser than random plots. During spring and summer females used sites that were less dense than

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14

Ahrens, John F., Larry J. Kuhns, Tracey L. Harpster, and Todd L. Mervosh. "An Evaluation of Four Glyphosate Formulations on Dormant Conifers." HortScience 32, no. 3 (1997): 494A—494. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.494a.

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In 1995, Monsanto Chemical Co. announced that they would replace Roundup herbicide with Roundup Pro for use in the ornamentals and turf markets. Both products contain 4 lb a.i./gal glyphosate, but Roundup Pro contains a more-active surfactant. Though Roundup was labeled as a nonselective herbicide, dormant conifers were found to have varying degrees of resistance to it. Directed sprays that hit the lower two-thirds of many dormant conifers became common practice in the industry. Because the surfactant in Roundup Pro increases the activity of the glyphosate, a series of trials were initiated in

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15

Ibarzabal, Jacques, and André Desrochers. "Lack of relationship between forest edge proximity and nest predator activity in an eastern Canadian boreal forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 1 (2001): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-143.

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Nest predation risk often increases near forest edges in agricultural landscapes, but this pattern has rarely been found in forested landscapes. Whether this lack of relationship is general remains unclear, especially because no assessment of statistical power has been published. To (1) assess whether and how far nest predation risk is associated with forest edges and (2) avoid confounding effects of the surrounding landscape, we measured nest predator activity by placing baits at five distances (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 m) from sharp, rectilinear forest edges that run along extensive tracts of

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16

Prévost, Marcel, and Daniel Dumais. "Decennial growth and mortality following uniform partial cutting in yellow birch – conifer stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 43, no. 3 (2013): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2012-0440.

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Estimating residual tree survival and growth is crucial for evaluating the overall merit of partial harvesting. In this case study, we present the effects of different cutting intensities (0%, 40%, 50%, and 60% of merchantable (diameter at breast height ≥ 9.1 cm) basal area (BA)) on the response of residual trees in two mixed yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) – conifer stands in eastern Quebec, Canada. Primarily aimed at promoting regeneration establishment, the experiment was conducted in two sites 90 km apart (Armagh and Duchesnay), each one containing four replicates of treatments

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17

Prévost, Marcel, Patricia Raymond, and Jean-Martin Lussier. "Regeneration dynamics after patch cutting and scarification in yellow birch – conifer stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 2 (2010): 357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-192.

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We present the 6 year effects of different cutting patterns (patch-selection cutting with 20, 30, and 40 m diameter gaps, 1 ha patch clear-cut, and uncut control) and spot scarification, on seedbed coverage and regeneration dynamics in yellow birch ( Betula alleghaniensis Britton) – conifer stands in eastern Quebec, Canada. After 3 years, yellow birch had established better in cutting patterns with gaps than in the patch clear-cut and in the control, while its density was 7 times higher in scarified than in nonscarified subplots. After 6 years, scarified openings and the borders of openings ha

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18

Prévost, Marcel. "Effect of cutting intensity on microenvironmental conditions and regeneration dynamics in yellow birch – conifer stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 2 (2008): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-168.

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This paper presents the 5 year results of different cutting intensities (removal of 0%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 100% of the basal area) applied in two mixed yellow birch ( Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) – conifer stands of eastern Quebec, Canada. Two sites 90 km apart were used: Armagh and Duchesnay. Each site had four replicates of the treatments in a randomized block design. The effect on light availability was similar in the two sites: the 0%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 100% cuts transmitting a mean of 5%, 21%, 26%, 30%, and 94% of full light, respectively, during the first summer. Soil temperature incre

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19

Vaughn, William Robert, Anthony R. Taylor, David A. MacLean, Loïc D'Orangeville, and Michael B. Lavigne. "Climate change experiment suggests divergent responses of tree seedlings in eastern North America’s Acadian Forest Region over the 21st century." Canadian Journal of Forest Research, July 6, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2021-0047.

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In this study, we conducted a controlled experiment to assess the growth and survival of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) seedlings in response to warming, drought, and elevated CO2, as projected under RCP 8.5 for North America’s Acadian Forest Region. In response to warming, only red spruce increased in height; however, this effect varied by CO2 and soil moisture treatments. Under the drought treatment, red spruce biomass was not affected, but mortality increased by two percent. With warming, increases in balsam fir height

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20

Berguet, Cassy, Maxence Martin, Dominique Arseneault, and Hubert Morin. "Spatiotemporal Dynamics of 20th-Century Spruce Budworm Outbreaks in Eastern Canada: Three Distinct Patterns of Outbreak Severity." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8 (January 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.544088.

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Spruce budworm (SBW) outbreaks are a major disturbance in North American forests. In Quebec, Canada, the recent history of SBW outbreaks at the local scale is well-known. Studies at the Québec scale nonetheless remain rare despite the need to better understand the dynamics of SBW outbreaks at a larger scale. This study aimed to reconstruct the spatiotemporal dynamics of SBW outbreaks during the 20th century across the insect's range in southern Quebec. To this end, we sampled 83 stands throughout southern Quebec. These stands were selected according to their age and the presence of black, whit

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