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Marshall, Andrew. "A Computationally Easy Indexing of a Language of While Programs." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1206215586.
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Sharp, L. Kathryn, and Ruth Facun-Granadozo. "Easy and Effective Literacy Centers on a Dime." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4275.
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Walsh-Felz, Aria Anna. "(Not) Everything is Good and Easy: Language-related Healthcare Experiences of Two Groups of Low-income Latina Mothers." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6776.
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This cross-sectional, comparative, qualitative study explored language-related issues experienced by low-income Spanish-speaking mothers navigating pediatric care for their children in Hillsborough County, Florida. Hospitals, pediatric clinics, specialists, and dental care have differing degrees of linguistic accessibility and accommodations for limited English proficient families. Two groups of mothers were interviewed: bilingual (n=9) and Spanish-speaking limited-English proficient (SSLEP) mothers (n=21). These groups perceived the effect of language on navigating pediatric healthcare differently, creating tension in perceptions and experience between them. Such tensions included SSLEP mothers expressing satisfaction with pediatric care simultaneously with shortcomings in communication. SSLEP mothers said that everything was easy, at the same time stating that navigating healthcare, and other aspects of their family life would be far easier if they spoke English. SSLEP expressions of self-sufficiency were countered by bilingual mothers who provided language support to SSLEP family members, friends, and strangers. This research points toward the need for consistent language services in healthcare settings as well as facilitation of effective English language acquisition opportunities for families.
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Yu, Siu-lei, and 余小梨. "Strategy use by good and poor Chinese ESL readers in comprehending easy and difficult expository texts." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31944735.
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Sharp, L. Kathryn. "Lesson Planning Without Tears for COE." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4292.
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Bakken, Michael. "Lättläst mellan raderna : En jämförande transitivitetsanalys mellan skönlitterär text och dess lättlästa version utifrån ett läsförståelseperspektiv." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-35623.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze, investigate and compare the eventual differences within the aspects of the ideational metafunction, of the systemic functional linguistics, between two fictional novels and their respective easy-Swedish versions, looking at chosen variables within the theory. The study also investigates how the eventual differences, effects the potential reader by setting the results of the analysis against contemporary research in reading comprehension. The method of use is transitvity analysis based within the ideational metafunction and its variables: processes, participants, circumstances, grammatical metaphors and register. The material that has been analyzed is Sodomsäpplet (Martin, 2016) and Mina drömmars stad (Fogelström, 2009) and their respective easy-Swedish versions. The result of the analysis proved that a lot of the material processes had been replaced by relational processes. This contributed to making the easy-Swedish versions more concrete but also static and impersonal, which effected the voice of the author as well as the register and the perspective of telling. The result is discussed with a reading comprehension perspective telling that the easy-Swedish versions not in every way is particularly easy as they displace the register and the authors voice. They also limit the abilities of interpretation for a potential reader.
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Löfgren, Althea. "Phasal Polarity Systems in East Bantu." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157009.
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This study explores a category of expressions akin to not yet, already, still and no longer, called Phasal Polarity (PhP) expressions. They encode the domains of phasal values, polarity and speaker expectations and have previously been described in European languages (van der Auwera 1998) and in a small, genealogically diverse sample (van Baar 1997). Using reference grammars as the primary source of information, the aim of this crosslinguistic study is to describe PhP expressions in a sample of East Bantu languages. It is found that the distribution and behaviour of PhP expressions in East Bantu differ from both European languages and the genetically diverse sample of van Baar. The markers are found to be morphologically diverse and of varied crosslinguistic frequency. Furthermore, the verbal morphotax indicates that the markers are, or are in the process of, being incorporated into the tense-aspect systems of their respective language.<br>Denna studie utforskar en kategori av utryck besläktade med inte än, redan, fortfarande och inte längre, som kallas Phasal Polarity (PhP) expressions. De uttrycker fas, polaritet och talar förväntningar och har tidigare beskrivits i en studie av europeiska språk (van der Auwera 1998) och i en småskalig, genetiskt mångfaldig studie (van Baar 1997). Med referensgrammatikor som primärkälla ämnar denna studie undersöka PhP expressions i ett urval av språk i underfamiljen Östbantu. Resultaten visar att PhP expressions i Östbantu har annorlunda distribution och användning jämfört med europeiska språk och van Baars urval. Markörerna varierar avseende morfologi och tvärspråklig frekvens. Verbens morfotax indikerar att markörerna har, eller håller på att, inkorporeras i respektive språks system.
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Schlaak, Claudia. "Island language policy and regional identity east of Africa." Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6313/.
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Since 2011 the Comorian Island of Mayotte has been France’s 101st département, thereby becoming part of the European Union. As a result, France has consolidated and strengthened its strategic position in the Indian Ocean.
With the change of political status in 2011, new developments have occurred in Mayotte. It is still unclear whether the expected economic boom, extensive social benefits or injection of EU regional funds can help to alleviate poverty and raise living standards. There is concern, however, that massive immigration to Mayotte from the surrounding territories is diminishing any progress and will continue to do so. Not only France but also the EU will have to adapt to new immigration problems due to this new external border.
In this situation one thing is clear: the language contact between French and the local languages, which is the result of political developments, is leading to new dynamics. The diglossic situation east of Africa, between French as the dominant language and local languages like Shimaoré or Shibushi spoken in Mayotte will become more marked in the next few years.
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Li, Rong. "When West Meets East: Communicative Language Teaching in China." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2237.pdf.
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Soemartono, Endang Sutartinah. "A study of subject omission in the spoken language of Indonesian primary school children aged 6 to 12 in Jakarta." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1337.
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This study investigates the occurrence of subject omission in spoken Indonesian spoken as a first language by primary school children in grades one to six and aged between six and twelve years in Jakarta. It also investigates the developmental stages of subject omission, and the effects of age, gender and degree of formality on the occurrence of empty or null subjects. Since the acquisition of language is ongoing during the students' primary schooling, this study also considers how null subjects in Indonesian may have an impact on learning and teaching at school. The omission of subjects occurs independent or matrix and in main clauses, and in coordinating and subordinating clauses in four types of sentences of basic, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. Developmental stages in subject omission, the setting or with whom the students are speaking, age and gender have a statistically significant impact on omission of subjects especially in independent, matrix and in the main clauses. Age and gender have no impact on the omission of subjects in the coordinating clauses of the compound sentences, in the subordinating clauses of complex sentences, and in the coordinating and subordinating clauses of the compound-complex sentences. Clauses where subject omission occurs here include indeendent basic sentences, the first or matrix clause in a compound sentence, the main clause in a complex sentence, and in the first clause of coordinate or subordinate clause in a compound-complex sentence. The similarities in the omission of subjects are that students omit subjects more when they speak with the researcher than with their peers, except for coordinating clause subjects in the compound-complex sentences. Overall subject omission decreased in independent basic clauses, in the first or matrix clauses of compound sentences, and in the main clauses of complex sentences as the students become older. However, subject omission in the coordinating and subordinating clauses in the compound-complex sentences increases. The main focus of the present study is the omission of subjects in main clauses since in the formal adult written Indonesian there is no omission of the subject in this position. This fact may have an impact on learning and teaching in that there is a decrease in their omission of independent, matrix or main clause subjects as they become older and use more formal language in writing.
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Smith, Evann. "Mass Mobilization in the Middle East: Form, Perception, and Language." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493280.
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This dissertation consists of three separate but related papers on mass mobilization in the Middle East. The first paper investigates the landscape of collective resistance and empowerment struggles in the Middle East. It exploits new data that catalogues mass political movements in the 19 countries of the Middle East and North Africa from 1900 to 2012 to offer a framework for understanding two basic aspects of mass political movements in the region: the forms such movements take, and the forms that are more likely to emerge and endure. Using Latent Class Analysis, it develops a complete typology of mass political movements in the Middle East based on three central aspects of mass mobilization--organization, collective identity, and action--and finds evidence that these three aspects not only constitute three dimensions of difference in mass movements that are orthogonal, but that each ranges from "fluid" to "stable" extremes, which jointly determine the likelihood of movements forming and deforming.
The second paper explores how the occurrence of mass movements in the Middle East affects individual citizens' perceived economic grievances. By pairing public opinion data with the new data on mass movements in the Middle East, it finds a strong and consistent negative relationship between the occurrence of mass mobilization and individual perceptions of well-being. Using causal mediation analysis, however, it finds no evidence that this relationship is the product of real economic or institutional declines. Instead, it finds consistent evidence that mass movements directly and negatively impact individuals' perceptions and that this is plausibly the product of three psychological processes, which suggest an alternative micro-level explanation for "cycles of contention."
The third paper develops a computer-assisted keyword-based approach to the retrieval and identification of Arabic dialects--which pose a distinct challenge to the machine processing of languages--that systematically incorporates machine learning and human expertise in a manner that is fast, efficient, transparent, and effective. Using a dataset of over 11 million tweets, it then applies this approach to an analysis of the linguistic character of Arabic Twitter during the 2013 Egyptian protests, which led to the military coup of Egypt's first democratically elected president. Analysis of the linguistic trends indicates that spikes of dialectical Arabic mark two notable types of discourse: 1) reporting and reacting in real-time to unexpected events, and 2) capturing major emotional responses to landmark events, which "take the temperature" of the country's politically engaged population.<br>Government
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Altanero, de la Santísima Metáfora Ti5mothy John Tarek. "Power indexation in language choice in a South African Indian community /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Schneider-Blum, Gertrud. "A grammar of Alaaba a highland East Cushitic language of Ethiopia." Köln Köppe, 2006. http://d-nb.info/985708859/04.
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Schneider-Blum, Gertrud. "A grammar of Alaaba : a highland East Cushitic language of Ethiopia /." Köln : Köppe, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3004792&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Horsburgh, David Henry Robert. "Gaelic language and culture in north-east Scotland : a diachronic study." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262925.
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The thesis outlines the history of the Gaelic language and culture in North-East Scotland which is defined as the old counties of Kincardine, Aberdeen, Banff, Moray and Nairn. After an introductory description of the North-East, the thesis explores the rise of Gaelic culture, the displacement of Pictish culture by Gaelic, and the dominant position of Gaelic in the North-East by the 12<sup>th</sup> century as indicated in contemporary sources such as the <I>Book of Deer</I>. The thesis also describes the emergence of a linguistic and cultural frontier which endured between the 12<sup>th</sup> and 19<sup>th</sup> centuries, the association of Gaelic culture with the concept of the 'wild Scot', and the perception of the <I>Gaidhealtachd</I> as a region distinguished by language, dress and customs. In exploring these themes, particular areas have been commented upon, including, the church, law and administration and the burghs. Changing attitudes to Gaelic language and culture since the Reformation period have been outlined. The effect of Reformation politics on the North-East Gaelic communities, against a background of wider Scottish events, have been charted with frequent resort to contemporary sources such as the <I>Minutes</I> of the SSPCK, the <I>Statistical Accounts </I>and the <I>Decennial Census Reports</I>. The decline of the Gaelic language and culture in the North-East parishes has been traced from the late 17<sup>th</sup> century down to the 20<sup>th</sup> century, including some description of the last communities. Finally, an analysis of the Gaelic-speaking community in the city of Aberdeen has been made, focusing on the Gaelic chapel, the Celtic Society and Department at the University, and the evidence of the census for numbers of speakers.
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Fox, Susan P. "The demise of Cockneys? : language change in London's 'traditional' East End." Thesis, University of Essex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438260.
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Vitanova, Gergana. "Gender and Agency Practices in a Second Language." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1029525438.
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Levine, Rachel. "The Politics of Language and the Language of Politics : the Use of German and Kiswahili in German East Africa, 1885-1918." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA176.
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En Afrique orientale allemande, le kiswahili servait à la fois de langue d’instruction dans les écoles gérées par le gouvernement, et de langue de travail dans l’administration coloniale. Cette thèse examine diverses sources primaires et secondaires pour déterminer comment cette pratique administrative fut instituée et dans quel contexte. Il s’intéresse également aux enjeux et postures relatifs à son implémentation, de même qu’à ses conséquences à court, moyen et long terme pour la colonie allemande et pour l’identité et la conscience propre de ce peuple colonisé qui subirait la domination britannique avant d’accéder à l’indépendance en tant que Tanganyika, puis Tanzanie<br>In German East Africa, Kiswahili was used as the language of instruction in government-run schools and as the language of administration. This article examines various archival, primary, and secondary sources to determine how this administrative practice came to pass; the background against which such a decision was taken or practice was institutionalized; the issues, attitudes, and problems that surrounded that practice; and what consequences it had in the short, medium, and long term for both the German colony and the consciousness and identity of the colonized people who would go on to experience British rule and then independence as the countries of Tanganyika and Tanzania
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Ho, Man Yee Portia. "Some aspects of the phonological features of English spoken by school-age Indians in Hong Kong." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1995. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/89.
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Wanjeri, Michael Maina. "Language and gender : Male domination among the Kikuyu of Kenya, East Africa." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-272.
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<p>Language and gender is one of the most intriguing and interesting areas in sociolinguistic study. It investigates how men and women (or boys and girls) use language differently in social contexts.</p><p>Extensive study and research has been carried out in this field, particularly in regard to the English language. Eminent linguists such as Ronald Wardhaugh, David Crystal, Ralph Fasold, and Deborah Tannen have studied varying male-female use of the English language. They have also attempted comparison with other languages and cultures. Wardhaugh, for instance, has studied male-female use of language in English, American-Indian languages (such as Gros Ventre), Asian and Oriental languages (Yukaghir, Japanese) among others, and his findings have become the subject of several of his published works.</p><p>In their investigations they have found that almost invariably, the way men use language shows them to be socially dominant over women. This persists even in such cases as in the Malagasy language spoken in Madagascar, where men display linguistic characteristics more popularly associated with women and vice versa (Wardhaugh).</p><p>This paper seeks to determine whether men use language to dominate women among the Kikuyu ethnic group of Kenya, East Africa, to which I belong. Areas such as terms used to refer to men and women, taboo language and language use in marital situations are examined, among others. I also attempt to find out what influence this has had on English spoken in Kenya.</p>
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Yu, Julia. "Translating the Language of Film: East Asian Films and Their Hollywood Remakes." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/138.
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Hollywood remakes of East Asian films clearly change more than just the language of a film, and the choices that producers and directors make in order to tailor a foreign film so that it better appeals to American audiences creates an entry point that allows for a more direct comparison of aesthetic styles, cultural tastes, and narrative conventions. An analysis of two case studies, South Korean hit film My Sassy GIrl (2001) and Hong Kong's Infernal Affairs trilogy (2002, 2003, 2003) remade into My Sassy Girl (2008) and The Departed (2006), explores the principles of Korean and Hong Kong commercial film industries and how they differ and interact with those of Hollywood.
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Sim, Ronald J. "Predicate conjoining in Hadiyya : a head driven PS grammar." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236857.
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Johnson, Jarrell Dwayne. "Use of modular web developments to ease the language barrier of Hypertext Processing and Structured Query Language by Jarrell Dwayne Johnson." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59939.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Four modules were developed with the extensive use of Personal Home Page (PHP) Hypertext Processing and Structured Query Language (SQL) in order to improve web-integrated capabilities of events planning, user account management, mass electronic mailing systems, and form and survey creation. Prerequisites to using the modules are reduced to only needing a pre configured database and its associated credentials. In using a multi-step process to install each module, the user is able to specify minimal details that configure the functions of the web application. By developing a user accounts management system and integrating the other three web applications as sub-modules, each system introduces administrative control panels with user-controlled access capabilities. The results of the web modules show that both self-hosted and remote websites are capable of integrating the systems and that users with either no experience or some minimal experience are capable of using the modules. The modules can be obtained from the author's website. The page provides a brief overview of each module and instructions on how to install the module. The pages also provides a direct download link to for each module. For further instructions, please reference the individual instructions manual within the module.<br>S.B.
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Loester, Barbara. "A contrastive study of language attitudes and identity construction in the North-East of Scotland and Bavaria." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=136890.
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The North-East of Scotland and Altbayern (Old Bavaria) have long been perceived as the heartland of the respective linguistic varieties. Due to their association with a largely rural lifestyle the associated regional vernaculars, the Doric and Old Bavarian, are often regarded as the “purest” forms of the local variety. Considering that these regions are regarded as prominent, this study investigates what the speakers think of their varieties and how they construct their identity in the light of these perceptions. Using mainly qualitative data, gathered in the small towns of Peterhead and Aichach, the study explores the attitudes towards the varieties and its speakers as perceived by themselves. Issues, such as age-related competence, positive and negative discrimination, are one aspect of the investigation. Another focal point are the strategies employed by the participants to construct their identity as vernacular speakers. Drawing on methods connected to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), themes, such as character traits and the relationships in the community between locals and incomers, are studied. The status of the standard variety and the vernacular and the relationship between them is investigated; the concepts of Abstand and Ausbau languages and diglossia also inform the assessment.
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Walsh, Heather Raquael. "The Female Experience: Study Abroad Students in Egypt." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3193.
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This qualitative study explores the experiences of female students on study abroad programs, with the aim of answering the following questions: do they face unique challenges as female students (including harassment or assault), how do they avoid or cope with any negative experiences, and can we as language departments better prepare our students to have the best experiences possible? The participants for the study were primarily 12 of 50 students involved in the Brigham Young University Study Abroad to Cairo, Egypt during Spring and Summer terms 2010. Data include participant observation, student journals, and ethnographic interviews conducted during the last few weeks of the program. Data analysis reflected gendered experiences in socializing with native speakers as well as experiences with harassment, and even sexual assault. The thesis argues that proper student preparation is the key to their continued investment in culture and language learning. Future research could include a look at second language learners across the Middle East, factors that contribute to harassment and assault, and gender as a predictive factor of language gains.
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Walle, Spencer Benjamin. "Quantified characteristics of easy-to-read Finnish news texts." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för moderna språk, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412607.
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I denna studie analyseras nyheter på lättläst finska för att ta reda på hur texterna kvantitativt präglas av riktlinjer kring lättläst finska. Korpusarna samlades av nyhetsartiklar skrivna på standardfinska respektive lättläst finska och den komparativa analysen syftade till att fastställa vissa kvantitativa parametrar, bl.a. genomsnittlig meningslängd och genomsnittlig ordlängd samt lexikal densitet, som tillsammans med lexikala särdrag kan karakterisera lättläst skrivning. Analysen av materialet visade att både meningslängden och längden på själva texterna i enlighet med tidigare forskning var betydlig kortare i lättlästa texter än i texter på standardfinska, men meningslängden också var ännu kortare än den övre gränsen som angetts i riktlinjerna om lättläst finska. Ett överraskande resultat var att båda korpusarna hade ungefär den samma genomsnittliga ordlängden. Även lexikal densitet låg på ungefär samma nivå mellan korpusarna. Denna studies resultat stödjer tidigare slutsatser om meningslängd men avslöjar oväntade likheter angående ordlängd och lexikon.<br>In this study, news in easy-to-read Finnish is analyzed to find out how the texts are quantitatively characterized by guidelines for easy-to-read Finnish. The corpora were collected from news articles written in standard Finnish and easy-to-read Finnish, and the comparative analysis was aimed at establishing certain quantitative parameters, including average sentence length and average word length as well as lexical density, which together with lexical features can characterize easy-to-read writing. The analysis of the material showed that both the sentence length and the length of the texts themselves, consistent with previous research, were considerably shorter in easy-to- read texts than in standard Finnish texts, but the sentence length was also shorter than the upper limit specified in the guidelines for easy-to-read Finnish. A surprising result was that both corpora had about the same average word length. Also, lexical density was at approximately the same level between the corpora. The results of this study support previous conclusions on sentence length but reveal unexpected similarities regarding word length and lexicons.
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Jhappan, Carol R. (Carol Radha). "The language of empowerment : symbolic politics and Indian political discourse in Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30656.
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The question of how subordinated groups in democratic states set about shifting their political relationship with their encompassing societies has received little attention among political scientists in Canada. Groups which lack significant political, legal, and economic resources, and which are stigmatized by an inferior status (reinforced by law and policy) do not enjoy the level playing field predicted by pluralist interest group theory. Yet they are sometimes able to overcome these obstacles and to renegotiate their political and legal status. The question is how some groups are able to do this, and what strategies are available to or obligatory for groups wishing to initiate political bargaining.
According to the theory of symbolic politics developed here, disadvantaged minorities seeking political benefits from the state will typically conduct politics at the symbolic level. That is, they tend to invoke a range of political symbols and myths: first, to build in-group solidarity by presenting an analysis of a common past and present, as well as a vision of the future society, and thereby legitimate their political aspirations.
In the first stage of minority politicization, such groups must: (a) build a sense of community of interests and goals which can be said to represent the reference group as a whole; (b) reverse the stigmatic identity ascribed to them by the dominant society; and (c) find ways of competing with the dominant society, not on the latter's terms, but on alternative ideological grounds. In the second stage of politicization, minorities must: (a) create appropriate demands; (b) learn to use the mechanisms, methods and institutions of the mainstream political process; and (c) eventually routinize conflict by negotiating stable norms to guide on-going relations with government.
Subordinated groups do not normally seek purely material benefits. They usually seek symbolic benefits in the form of rights, and a redefined status within society. Thus, much of their politicking is conducted in public, and is largely devoted to capturing public sympathy which can be used as a resource against government. The political myths and symbols employed are characteristically emotive and imprecise. Political goals are presented in symbolic terms, and are advanced at the level of principle rather than substance.
When applied to the case of Native Indian politics in the Canadian context, the evidence confirms the accuracy of these hypotheses. Indians have pursued the symbolic strategies predicted by the model: the essence of their political aspirations has been captured in the symbols of aboriginal title/aboriginal rights, land claims, and ultimately, self-government; at the macro level, they have sought predominantly symbolic benefits, as represented by legislative and constitutional recognition of certain rights and privileges; and they have attempted to win public support to use as a bargaining chip vis-a-vis government. However, they have not been entirely successful in their use of the symbolic strategies outlined, and the evidence suggests that they have reached a public opinion impasse. Despite their efforts, public opinion on native and native issues has remained remarkably stable over the last twenty years, so that further effort in this area is likely to bring diminishing returns. In the end, symbolic politics, while necessary for subordinated groups in their fledgling stages of politicization, must eventually give way to more conventional political methodologies as groups become institutionalized in the mainstream political process.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Political Science, Department of<br>Graduate
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Sohng, Hong Ki. "Topics in the syntax of East Asian languages : long-distance anaphora and adverbial case /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8376.
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Saragih, Sylvia. "Code-switching amongst Simalungun-Indonesian bilinguals." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1997. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/912.
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This study investigates code-switching within a bilingual speech community. The languages used in this community are Indonesian, the national language 9f Indonesia, and Simalungun, one of the regional languages spoken in North Sumatra. Conversations amongst young bilinguals with balanced competence in both languages were recorded and passages containing examples of code-switching were transcribed for analysis. It was found that the base language of interaction was Simalungun, but that code-switching into Indonesian occurred in all conversations recorded. Analysis of the language data collected led to the conclusion that code-switching was used by the speakers in different ways. Indonesian loans were used to fill lexical gaps in the regional language. Indonesian was also used when quoting speakers in different interactions. Some Indonesian expressions used were generally associated with a particular domain, such as government or urban lifestyle. Speakers also used Indonesian code-switching as a conversation strategy - to mark particular expressions in contrast to the base language, to indicate interpersonal distance or for humour. Attitudes of the speakers obtained during post-recording interviews indicated that there was a general lack of consciousness of code-switching. Speech containing frequent code-switched expressions was not regarded as a particular style or described by a particular term. Speakers generally indicated positive attitudes to use of each language in its normal domain, but negative attitudes to mixing the two codes
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O'Connor, Peter Anton Constant. "The English-language press networks of East Asia and international perceptions of Japan, 1918-41." Thesis, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433159.
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Rasinger, Sebastian M. "Adult second language acquisition in immigrant communities : a study on Bengali-English in East London." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413309.
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Fitzpatrick, Damian. "Making sense of the English language policy in Thailand : an exploration of teachers' practices and dispositions." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3314.
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Similar to other countries in the South-east Asian region, Thailand has transformed its education policy so that it may be able to better face the challenges of the globalised world. In order to do this, constructs such as student-centred learning and critical thinking, as well as the teaching of English in a more communicative manner, have been promoted. There has been little critical or grounded research carried out on the current English policy in Thailand, which emerged from the National Education Act of 1999 and the subsequent Basic Education Core Curricula of 2001 and 2008, therefore, in order to better understand how this policy works, this study explores how a group of Thai-English language teachers conceptualise the English language policy in Thailand by investigating their practices and beliefs (dispositions). In order to do this, and drawing on a social constructionist perspective from Bourdieu’s theory of practice, this thesis adopts a qualitative methodology that incorporates exploratory and ethnographic elements. Employing a combination of data collection methods that include classroom observations, retrospective accounts and semi-structured interviews, the findings demonstrate that a gap exists between the goals of the policy and what actually occurs in the classroom. Thus, there were few examples of either the communicative approach or student-centred learning being employed, with teachers instead tending to transmit knowledge to their students in a teacher-centred manner. Reasons for this may be due to the influence that the national examinations has on teachers’ work, the suitability and / or relevance of imported teaching and learning approaches on local contexts, as well as the need for better implementation of change. Teachers would indeed benefit from more professional development concerning the policy, but this thesis also argues that the policy itself needs to be critically examined. This would then allow Thailand, as well as other countries in the region, to better inform and improve their current education policies.
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Supit, Trina Joan. "The Rebuilding of the Education Sector in East Timor during the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) 1999-2002." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17644.
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This thesis examines the rebuilding of the education sector during the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) 1999-2002, after the deliberate destruction of infrastructure and records by the Indonesian army and East Timorese militias following the referendum in August 1999. A focus is the historical legacy and its impact on policy development and implementation, particularly in the areas of language and curriculum. The role and influence of international actors and their collaboration with the East Timorese form a key part of the study as well. The thesis analyses the interrelated issues that emerged regarding East Timorese education particularly the clash between East Timorese nationalism and Western neo-liberalism as principally applied through the World Bank. The research references the theoretical understanding of globalisation as it applies to education. The study draws on documentary evidence from the period and interviews with key players involved in decision-making during this time: Timorese education administrators and members of the UNTAET education division. Also discussed are the key policy constraints which confronted the East Timorese as they endeavoured to rebuild their education system after the departure of Indonesian teachers, tertiary staff and administrators. Terra nullius was how the first internationals arriving in Dili in 1999 described the country. This was the result of mass violence and destruction after the referendum results were announced and it became known that the close to 80 percent of Timorese had chosen independence rather than special autonomy within Indonesia. The East Timorese rapidly embarked on a recruitment of teachers for the “emergency” and then for the new school year in 2000/2001. The East Timorese administrators gained a wealth of skills and knowledge in this and other undertakings in which they had no former experience, but which they then applied to further recruitments and other policy implementation. As part of this educational rebuilding the thesis examines how the legacies of Portuguese and Indonesian education impacted the selection of textbooks, the re-introduction of the Portuguese language to East Timorese classrooms, teacher training and turf battles with the World Bank over policy control during the rehabilitation of school infrastructure. The thesis argues that it was the East Timorese education administrators under the leadership of Fr Filomeno Jacob who determined the direction of education policy in East Timor at this time.
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Griefenow-Mewis, Catherine. "J. L. Krapf and his role in researching and describing East-African languages." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-95605.
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Dealing with the bibliographies and publications about and by J. L. Krapf, especially in the archives of the Basle Mission I was astonished and I got the feeling that such an amount and such a variety of work could not have been done by one person only. At fist, Krapf was a missionary by profession. He and Rebmann were called the pioneers of the East-African mission. Beyond this, however, different missionary societies were encouraged by the publications and proposals of Krapf to work in East Africa, e.g. the Church Missionary Society in the service of which Krapf and Rebmann started their work in Rabai Mpya, the Swedish Evangelical mission, the Methodist Mission, the St. Crishona Mission, the Hermannsburg Mission and the Berlin Evangelical Mission. Though all biographers cannot avoid to state that Krapf did not convince more than two (some biographies speak about only one) persons to the Christian belief during all of his missionary life there is no doubt that Krapfs visions influenced missionary work in East Africa. We can say that he was a strategist of Christian mission in East Africa
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Griefenow-Mewis, Catherine. "J. L. Krapf and his role in researching and describing East-African languages." Swahili Forum; 3 (1996), S. 161-171, 1996. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A11641.
Full textAbstract:
Dealing with the bibliographies and publications about and by J. L. Krapf, especially in the archives of the Basle Mission I was astonished and I got the feeling that such an amount and such a variety of work could not have been done by one person only. At fist, Krapf was a missionary by profession. He and Rebmann were called the pioneers of the East-African mission. Beyond this, however, different missionary societies were encouraged by the publications and proposals of Krapf to work in East Africa, e.g. the Church Missionary Society in the service of which Krapf and Rebmann started their work in Rabai Mpya, the Swedish Evangelical mission, the Methodist Mission, the St. Crishona Mission, the Hermannsburg Mission and the Berlin Evangelical Mission. Though all biographers cannot avoid to state that Krapf did not convince more than two (some biographies speak about only one) persons to the Christian belief during all of his missionary life there is no doubt that Krapfs visions influenced missionary work in East Africa. We can say that he was a strategist of Christian mission in East Africa
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Al-Busaidi, Khamis A. K. "English in the labour market in multilingual Oman with special reference to Omani employees." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260654.
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Schwoebel, Michelle. "In Search of Real Fathers: Plenzdorf's Die neuen Leiden des jungen W. and Vater, Mutter, Mörderkind." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3544.
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Plenzdorf's works, one written before the fall of socialism in the German Democratic Republic (hereafter referred to as the DDR), and one after, portray relationships between fathers and sons, which act as a metaphor to express a personal perspective of the state, revealing that the DDR was neither as repressive or as omnipresent for the average citizen as outsiders are often given to believe. The father, or Übervater, a figure deeply rooted in the German consciousness, is represented by the state and proves itself as an entity which gives the protagonists in both works little notice, despite their best efforts to seek out a paternalistic presence.
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Onishi, Hiromi. "Cross-Linguistic Influence in Third Language Perception: L2 and L3 Perception of Japanese Contrasts." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297063.
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This dissertation examines the possible influence of language learners' second language (L2) on their perception of phonological contrasts in their third language (L3). Previous studies on Third Language Acquisition (TLA) suggest various factors as possible sources of cross-linguistic influence in the acquisition of an L3. This dissertation specifically investigates whether learners' levels of perceptual performance in the L2 is related to their phonological perception of L3 contrasts. In order to examine the perception of Japanese contrasts by non-native learners, I conducted a forced-choice identification experiment (Experiment 1) and AXB discrimination experiment (Experiment 2) with native speakers of English and native speakers of Korean who were learning Japanese at an introductory level. In addition, the Korean participants also participated in a forced-choice English minimal pair identification experiment (Experiment 3). In order to answer the main research question, I examined whether there was any correlation between the Korean participants' perceptual performance in English (L2) and Japanese (L3).There was a positive correlation between the identification of the Japanese word-initial stop voicing contrast and the identification of English minimal pairs. Distinguishing Japanese voiced stops and voiceless stops is widely known to be difficult for native speakers of Korean especially in word-initial position. Therefore, this positive correlation is considered as an indication of a positive influence of learners' L2 on speech perception in their L3. The L2, however, did not influence the perception in the L3 negatively. This result indicates that the participants experienced positive influence from both of their background languages, which supports the idea expressed in the Cumulative-Enhancement Model. Positive correlations were also observed for the discrimination of several other Japanese contrasts and the identification of English minimal pairs. These correlations are considered to indicate an increase in the learners' sensitivity to the speech sounds in general. Different types of correlation results obtained for the identification and the discrimination tasks are considered to reflect the difference in the nature of these perception tasks. All in all, the results suggest that L3 perception is qualitatively different from L2 perception and that the perceptual level in the L2 is related to perception in the L3 at least to some extent.
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Ortu, Laura. "World Englishes: Attitude in the Expanding Circle Towards East and Southeast Asian Varieties of English." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-191503.
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English has become an essential part in our lives. It is inevitable to formulate an opinion when we meet a new person, and in particular we tend to focus our attention on the way this person speaks. The present research aims to answer the questions on how a European audience (Italian audience) perceives different varieties of English to which it is exposed. Four different speakers from four different Southeast and East Asian countries were selected and recorded while reading a short text. These recordings were submitted to the audience, which was asked to answer a set of questions about comprehensibility and likability. Results show that the audience elected as their favourite speaker the clearest accent to hear, thus suggesting that the members of the audience might have been influenced by comprehensibility and accentedness in the first place. Other variables, such as expressiveness, were not significantly considered by the participants.
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Imperatore, Gennaro. "Improving ease and speed of use of mobile augmentative and alternative communication systems through the use of natural language processing and natural language generation techniques." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2016. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27381.
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Communication is recognised as a human right by the United Nations. Currently there are millions of people who for a variety of reasons cannot communicate comfortably. For example, in the UK alone there are 250,000 people who as a result of a stroke are now unable to communicate and are affected by a condition known as Aphasia. These people are said to have Complex Communication Needs. With the proliferation of smart devices like tablets and Smartphone, people with Complex Communication Needs are discovering the assistive potential of these devices to aid them either in the recuperation of their communicative abilities or to assist them in their daily lives. These systems are called Alternative and Augmentative Communication Systems. However current AAC systems suffer from the fact that they are cumbersome to use and users require a long time to form sentences, with the result that they cannot confidently communicate and therefore are left isolated and frustrated. Even though much work has been done in the area these systems are remain slow and communication is not effective. This thesis investigates whether the inclusion of Natural Language Processing and Natural Language Generation techniques into Augmentative and Alternative Communication systems on mobile devices can improve the ease and speed of use for users with Complex Communication Needs by implementing “Dictum” an AAC app which makes use of NLG/NLP techniques. The work followed the approach of Action Research in which the target users help the investigator by identifying the problem, sanctioning the research and evaluating the results. Therefore, users were actively involved in the design of the application from the very start and gave feedback after each iteration leading to the final application. This work has found that the inclusion of NLP and NLG in AAC does indeed improve ease and speed of use when compared to popular apps available today. Dictum improves speed by doing two things: reducing the set space of words by providing words that are relevant to the last word inserted by using a Semantic Network of nouns and allowing the user to build sentences by requiring selection of key words only and delegating the responsibility of sentence formation to the application itself. In addition, during the course of this work, an effective mechanism of capturing requirements for users with Complex Communication Needs discovered by looking at how users adapt the functionality of their devices. The app was evaluated both quantitatively, by computing keystrokes savings and evaluating the interface using well-established HCI laws, and qualitatively by asking for the feedback of potential users and Speech and Language Therapists, following the practice of Action Research to involve those touched by the problem.
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Mihalyi-Jewell, Gyorgyi Sara. "Szuret: Translating Magda Szabo." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1420913280.
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Shepherd, Eric Todd. "A pedagogy of storytelling based on Chinese storytelling traditions." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1180552747.
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Tufan, Didem. "Critical Thinking Skills Of Prospective Teachers: Foreign Language Education Case At The Middle East Technical University." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610219/index.pdf.
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This research examined the critical thinking (CT) skills and conceptions of prospective teachers studying at Foreign Language Education Department at Middle East Technical University. In this way, the study intended to contribute to the field of curriculum and instruction by pointing to the currents status while constituting a basis for further actions in teacher education in terms CT.
In this research, data analysis was carried out through both quantitative and qualitative analysis. A survey, including Student Information Form, and Watson and Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal- Form YM Turkish version were utilized for data gathering. Data were collected from 103 prospective teachers in the junior and senior level during the Spring Semester of 2007- 2008 Academic Year.
Results demonstrated that the critical thinking (CT) levels of prospective teachers assessed by WGCTA are in medium level. In addition, WGCTA-YM cannot be predicted from reported regular reading activity, CGPA, and gender. Besides, results showed that, prospective teachers make rudiment or vague statements about critical thinking activities and do not point to a common instructional activity. In terms of critical thinking definitions, prospective teachers mostly perceive CT as a cognitive skill. Furthermore, there is a common sense view of CT rather than an understanding based on literature.
The results revealed that prospective teachers are short of the essential CT skills and the CT comprehension to be able to raise individuals with CT ability. Therefore, curriculum renovation movements, projects, and research studies to improve critical thinking skills in teacher education should be developed and implemented.
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Manning, Emma S. "I Accidentally This Thesis Because East: The Influence of the Internet on Spoken Language in Eastspeak." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/622.
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This thesis examines the variety of English spoken in East Dorm at Harvey Mudd College. It describes aspects of the syntax and phonology of Eastspeak, focusing in particular on how Eastspeak has been influenced by the language of the internet. This includes tendencies toward brevity and language play, as well as the use of specific constructions used on the internet, and playful pronunciations that are influenced by creative misspellings used online. Specific Eastspeak phenomena discussed include conversion, deletion, and unusual determiner and quantifier use.
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Imamura, Mari. "Primary school teachers' attitudes towards the Scots language in education in the North East of Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU178041.
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This study represents a unique exploration of language attitudes towards Scots among one hundred and fifty primary school teachers in the Deeside area in the North-East of Scotland. Within the sociolinguistic literature positive language attitudes, especially amongst teachers, are often considered to contribute significantly to minority language maintenance (Giles, Bourhis and Taylor 1977). This study employs a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods which allows me to evaluate such assertions of the Scottish context. In particular, teachers' language attitudes and knowledge base are first ascertained by using a questionnaire survey. This is followed by semi-structured interviews with individual teachers to analyse qualitatively their approaches and orientation towards the teaching of Scots in school. The intention is to examine the implications of teachers' language attitudes for language maintenance. The findings indicate that teachers' language attitudes are surprisingly positive and this holds for both locals and incomers. However, these apparently positive attitudes are not necessarily translated into actual teaching practice. A key question is why this should be the case. The incongruence between attitudes and practice may in part stem from an observable lack of competence in Scots. However, the explanation here is more socio-cultural in character and I consider the whole issue of what overtly positive teachers consider Scots to be in terms of forms and value. What emerges most strongly from the interviews is the conception of Scots as invaluable heritage, or as a 'museum piece', to be preserved and cherished, and this formulation of Scots as history seems to inform much of teachers' positive feelings. However, historicity, which is seen as a key determinant of positive language attitudes and the maintenance of minority language varieties (Stewart 1968; Ryan, Giles and Sebastian 1982), contains the basic contradiction that this may preclude local dialects, by appropriating and redefining Scots as a historical artefact or a symbolic token. In short, apparently positive language attitudes may in fact accelerate language death.
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Bou, Ali Nadia. "In the hall of mirrors : the Arab Nahda, nationalism, and the question of language." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d2743101-6e64-4727-9b47-e144f62dce1c.
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The dissertation examines the foundations of modern Arab national thought in nineteenth-century works of Buṭrus al Bustānī (1819-1883) and Aḥmad Fāris al Shidyāq (1804-1887) in which occurred an intersection of language-making practices and a national pedagogic project. It interrogates the centrality of language for Arab identity formation by deconstructing the metaphor "language is the mirror of the nation," an overarching slogan of the nineteenth century, as well as engaging with twentieth-century discussions of the Arab nation and its Nahḍa. The study seeks to challenge the conventional historiography of Arab thought by proposing a re-theorisation of the Arab Nahḍa as an Enlightenment-Modernity construct that constitutes the problematic of the Arab nation. The study investigates through literature and literary tropes the makings and interstices of the historical Arab Nation: the topography of its making. It covers a series of primary understudied sources: Bustānī's enunciative Nafīr Sūriyya pamphlets that he wrote in the wake of the 1860 civil wars of Mount Lebanon and Damascus: his translation of Robinson Crusoe, dictionary, and encyclopaedia. As well as Shidyāq's fictional autobiography, linguistic essays and treatise, and travel writings on Europe. The dissertation engages with these works to show how the 'Nahḍa' is a constituted by inherently contradictory and supplementary projects. It forms a moment of fracture in history and temporality – as does the Enlightenment in Europe – from which emerges a seemingly coherent national narrative.
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Rooke, Tetz. "In My Childhood : A Study of Arabic Autobiography." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för orientaliska språk, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-61733.
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The purpose of this study is to analyse the development of a modern form of Arabic prose literature, the autobiography of childhood, and explore its generic characteristics. The basis of this investigation is a representative corpus of Arabic autobiographies rich in childhood material published between 1929 and 1988 by twenty writers from Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Palestine and Morocco. The study adopts a formal approach to autobiography. The literary genre is understood as a "pact" between writer and reader concluded by way of specific "generic markers" in the text, which the study sets out to describe. Starting from a wider sample of autobiographical texts it contrasts autobiography with its contemporary adjacent genres and historical cognates in Arabic literature. Special interest is accorded to the divergence of autobiography from the novel. The study goes on to discuss in what sense the autobiography of childhood is independent of the type which narrates the author's adulthood as well. To this end it investigates the variation of time-span in a number of life-stories, the existence of a characteristic "plot" in them and typical beginnings and endings. Further, it analyses the literary spectrum in terms of narrative technique and style. The last chapters of the thesis present interpretative readings of the works of the corpus against a historical background. Here, the literary trends and tendencies of the texts are outlined in greater detail. The study reaches the conclusion that childhood autobiography is a distinct genre in modern Arabic literature with a tradition of its own, but that there also exist many mixed forms of autobiography that relativize this independence. It also identifies three typical themes of the genre developed by the Arab authors to express their personal identity: the eternal imprint of their birthplace, escape from poverty and rebellion against the family.
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Curtis, Matthew Cowan. "Slavic-Albanian Language Contact, Convergence, and Coexistence." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338406907.
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Evans, Katherine A. "Die Selbstdarstellung des Staates durch die olympischen Spiele: München 1972 und Seoul 1988." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/277.
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This thesis examines the planning and organization of the Munich 1972 and Seoul 1988 Olympic Games with a specific focus on how the South Korean and West German governments attempted to use the Games to positively change their images abroad. Both countries attempted to distance themselves not only from their own war torn pasts, but also from their Communist counterparts, East Germany and North Korea. The West German government (and the Munich Olympic Committee) hoped to create a “peaceful” and “carefree atmosphere” that would directly counter images of Nazism, and the South Korean government (and the Seoul Olympic Committee) sought to use the Olympics to legitimize a military dictatorship and prove the country’s economic growth following the Korean War. By giving the Games so much importance, however, both governments transformed the Olympics into a flashpoint for international and domestic conflicts, and unforeseen events, such as the Black September terrorist attack, the South Korean democracy movement, and North Korea’s demands to co-host the Games, changed and defined the public images of both the Games and their host countries.
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Romeu, Maria Gabriela. "The Japanese History Textbook Controversy Amid Post-War Sino-Japanese Relations." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/849.
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The relations between China and Japan are strained and continue to foster negative emotions partly because of China’s grievances about Japan’s actions during World War II and the allegedly false historiographical accounts found in Japanese history textbooks. This study will utilize historical analysis of the events leading up to the Nanjing Massacre in December of 1937, examine the Japanese Ministry of Education’s (MEXT) critical and contentious role in the selection of textbooks, used for primary and secondary schools, and will also juxtapose the controversial 2001 Atarashii rekishi kyōkasho with current Japanese history textbooks. The study will also include a syntactical analysis of key terms through my own original translations of multiple Japanese history textbooks, which are currently used in the Japanese school curriculum, to reveal that the textbook publishers, MEXT, and regulation councils are involved in adjusting the content causing the information to reveal various degrees of whitewashing.