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Vanhatalo, Ulla, Camilla Lindholm, and Tiina Onikki-Rantajääskö. "Easy Language research." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 44, no. 1 (2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586521000019.
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Ciatto, Giovanni, Stefano Mariani, and Andrea Omicini. "ReSpecTX: Programming interaction made easy." Computer Science and Information Systems 15, no. 3 (2018): 655–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis180111031c.
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In this paper we present the ReSpecTX language, toolchain, and standard library as a first step of a path aimed at closing the gap between coordination languages ? mostly a prerogative of the academic realm until now ? and their industrial counterparts. Since the limited adoption of coordination languages within the industrial realm is also due to the lack of suitable toolchains and libraries of reusable mechanisms, ReSpecTX equips a core coordination language (ReSpecT) with tools and features commonly found in mainstream programming languages. In particular, ReSpecTX makes it possible to provide a reference library of reusable and composable interaction patterns.
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Vanhatalo, Ulla, Camilla Lindholm, and Tiina Onikki-Rantajääskö. "Introduction: Easy Language research." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 45, no. 2 (2022): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586522000130.
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Wijayanti, Erfin. "Teaching English by Using Canva: Students’ and Lecturers’ Voice." ENGLISH FRANCA : Academic Journal of English Language and Education 6, no. 2 (2022): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/ef.v6i2.5709.
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This research discovers students’ and lecturers’ voice on using Canva in English language teaching. This research employed quantitative descriptive method with 31 English Foreign Language (EFL) students and 5 lecturers. The data are gained from 31 students and 5 lecturers of English Department at IAIN Fattahul Muluk Papua. The students’ and lecturers are given a set of questionnaires to obtain their response on using Canva. After gaining the data, the researcher analysed the students’ and lecturers’ response by counting its frequency and percentage. The findings of this research Indicated that the majority of students and lecturers have positive voice on using Canva in English language teaching based on three indicators that is provided by researcher, those are: usefulness, ease to use, and easy access. This research revealed that Canva is usefulness tool for English language teaching. Canva is also ease of use tool for English language teaching which easy to use, effective, improve teaching and learning process, and easy to distribute. At the end, Canva has easy access because Canva provides everything for teaching and learning process such as video, images, colourful. Besides, Canva becomes an interesting App, and good choice for learning and teaching process.
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Miho, Matsumoto. "From The Perspective of Language Simplification Easy Japanese and Sign Language News." GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON JAPAN, no. 6 (March 31, 2023): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.62231/gp6.160001a09.
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With the increase in the number of local residents with foreign roots, “Easy Japanese” for people who do not speak Japanese as their first language has been receiving attention. “Easy Japanese” is Japanese that has been simplified by controlling the vocabulary and grammar of ordinary Japanese; however, there is no established theory as to what constitutes “easy”, and there is ambiguity about the matter. Therefore, this research, it is aimed to investigate what “Easy Japanese” is, how it is simplified, and how native Japanese speakers can make full use of it. Hence, “Sign Language News”, which has a track record in broadcasting and other activities, is analyzed from the viewpoint of “language simplification” in sociolinguistics.
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Angelou, Evlambia. "Piece of Cake: News in Easy Language." International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies 6, no. 2 (2025): 51–63. https://doi.org/10.36892/ijlts.v6i2.565.
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The increasing linguistic diversity for reasons of interculturality, education, age, mental skills, etc., at the international level creates the need for information available in many languages and at a different linguistic level. Usually, linguistic accessibility- translation- is more often presented as a "right" only to the extent that it is necessary to protect other rights (ex. access to legal services). Barriers to information intake arise when, for example, a person can take in the information but does not have sufficient command of the language in which the information is written. This paper aims to highlight the use of easy language as a key tool for effective information communication in the news, making information related to current events accessible and adapted to the needs of people who, for various reasons, have a limited understanding of the official/dominant language.
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Krishnavarty, Ayumas Aura, Meriska Defriani, and Teguh Iman Hermanto. "UI/UX Design for Language Learning Mobile Application Chob Learn Thai Using the Design Thinking Method." SinkrOn 7, no. 3 (2022): 1044–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v7i3.11585.
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Thai language is one of the most difficult languages to learn because the Thai language itself has a variety of consonants, vowels, and tones to determine vocabulary. The problem is people currently have in learning Thai is the lack of knowledge about each consonant, vowels, or tones. So that it makes some people who want to learn Thai feel confused. Therefore, a Thai language learning application design was made which aims to make it easier for people who want to learn Thai language and of course it is more practical because it is in a mobile form that can be accessed anywhere and anytime easily. Design thinking is a method known as a comprehensive thinking process that aims to create a solution. In design thinking are have five stages, namely Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype and Test. At the test stage, the method used is Single Ease Question. The Single Ease Question has seven Likert scales where for a value range of 4 – 5.9 it is included in the interpretation quite easily, and in the range of 6 – 6.9 the interpretation is easy and for a value of 7, the interpretation is very easy. The result obtained after testing the prototype to the respondents the value obtained is 6.6 with a minimum value of 6 and a maximum value of 7. Thus, the result of 6.6 are included in the category of being easy to use by users.
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Reali, Florencia, Nick Chater, and Morten H. Christiansen. "Simpler grammar, larger vocabulary: How population size affects language." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1871 (2018): 20172586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2586.
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Languages with many speakers tend to be structurally simple while small communities sometimes develop languages with great structural complexity. Paradoxically, the opposite pattern appears to be observed for non-structural properties of language such as vocabulary size. These apparently opposite patterns pose a challenge for theories of language change and evolution. We use computational simulations to show that this inverse pattern can depend on a single factor: ease of diffusion through the population. A population of interacting agents was arranged on a network, passing linguistic conventions to one another along network links. Agents can invent new conventions, or replicate conventions that they have previously generated themselves or learned from other agents. Linguistic conventions are either Easy or Hard to diffuse, depending on how many times an agent needs to encounter a convention to learn it. In large groups, only linguistic conventions that are easy to learn, such as words, tend to proliferate, whereas small groups where everyone talks to everyone else allow for more complex conventions, like grammatical regularities, to be maintained. Our simulations thus suggest that language, and possibly other aspects of culture, may become simpler at the structural level as our world becomes increasingly interconnected.
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Gut, Kamil, Maria Skublewska-Paszkowska, Edyta Łukasik, and Jakub Smołka. "COMPARISON OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES ON THE IOS PLATFORM IN TERMS OF PERFORMANCE." Informatics Control Measurement in Economy and Environment Protection 7, no. 3 (2017): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5211.
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In 2014, Apple unveiled a completely new programming language for the iOS and OS X platforms. Swift was presented as a modern programming language, such as: safe, easy to learn and easy to use. This article presents the performance comparison between the Swift and Objective-C languages. For the purpose of the research, two applications were developed, one in each language, implementing sorting algorithms and data structures such as arrays, dictionaries and sets.
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Liepa, Dite. "Vieglā valoda Latvijā." Valodu apguve: problēmas un perspektīva : zinātnisko rakstu krājums = Language Acquisition: Problems and Perspective : conference proceedings 17/18 (September 13, 2022): 463–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/va.2022.17.18.463.
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The paper provides a general overview of easy-to-read language both abroad and in Latvia. In English, there are two terms that are used to refer to easy-to-read language: “easy-to-read” (also “easy write”, “easy info”, “easy access”, “aphasia friendly”) and “plain language” (also “plain writing”, “layman terms”); in Latvian, “easy-to-read” is used the most. Currently, the Latvian National Terminology Portal offers only one term, namely, vieglā valoda (“easy-to-read” in English); therefore, this term is used throughout the paper. Since 1980s easy-to-read language both in Europe and the whole world has been known as a way of presenting information to people with various language learning disabilities. However, over time it became clear that easy-to-read language is suitable not only for people with learning disabilities: it is convenient for other groups of people as well, such as those who have just started learning the language in question, elderly people and children. At first, easy-to read language developed in parallel in Scandinavia and Germany. In 1990s, Latvian experts visited colleagues in Sweden to learn about easy-to-read language. Already during the first meeting, the idea to introduce easy-to-read language in Latvia in cooperation with the Easy-to-Read Language Centre was born. In 2000, the Easy Language Agency was founded in Riga, and up until now it remains the only organisation in Latvia consistently and purposefully working in this field. Although at first the aim was to help people with intellectual disabilities, now there are already 7 target groups in Latvia that use easy-to-read language. Latvian Radio 1 features news broadcast in easy-to-read language every evening. There is a lack of public understanding and information on easy-to-read language in Latvia, as well as its role and importance, since many people believe that it concerns only the target audience or target groups in question and does not need to be addressed at the national level. While the websites of Latvian state institutions are required to have an “Easy-to-read” section, the regulations do not specify the content such a section should have. In addition, there is a general lack of knowledge and understanding how to adapt a text to easy-to read language: often such adaptations are formal or inadequate. In the autumn of 2020, the University of Latvia Centre for Applied Linguistics and the Latvian Language Agency began a new cooperation project with ERASMUS+: “Promoting Easy-to-Read Language for Social Inclusion” (abbreviated to PERLSI). The project duration is set until 2022, and the partners are Slovenia and Lithuania. The project aims to present a comparative study on easy-to-read language in the partner states. Regarding the project outcomes, Latvia awaits easy-to-read language guidelines that would promote further development of easy-to-read language in Latvia, as well as its practical application.
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Nechaeva, Natalya, Krishna-Sara Helmle, and Emma Kairova. "Easy and Plain Language Translation as an Intralingual Type of Translation & Training the Intralingual Translators." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 3 (August 2021): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2021.3.9.
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The article explores the features of intralingual translation of texts into easy and plain languages, identifying the necessary competencies of specialists in this field, and identifying opportunities for training translators in easy and plain language. The article aims to identify the main characteristics, peculiarities and areas of application of intralingual translation. The authors describe the field of translation principles and describe the specifics of their application. Current foreign and Russian literature on the subject has been analyzed to define the key research concepts of "translation into easy language" and "translation into plain language". The key characteristics and specificity of the concepts are identified, and the competencies needed to translate texts into easy and plain language are outlined. The study of illustrative material (examples of translating texts into easy Russian), allows to demonstrate the application of individual principles of translation, to identify extralinguistic factors that need to be taken into account in translation. A generalization of the practical experience of training translators in easy and plain language in Germany made it possible to draw conclusions about the possibilities and content of training in this field in Russia. The results of the research can be applied in universities when developing training programs for translators, in public and commercial organizations when creating an accessible environment in easy and plain language for effective communication with their target audience. In addition, the article may be of interest to practicing interlingual translators who are interested in the topic of intralingual translation and would like to enhance their skills in this area.
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Abdurahman Ehmed, Mizgin, and Hevin Kamal Abduljabar. "Learning the third language and its facilities and difficulties or challenges – the centers of languages in the city of Erbil as an example." Journal of University of Raparin 11, no. 2 (2024): 380–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(11).no(2).paper14.
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We can learn the first language (mother tongue) and the second language easily and whatever the way is, but learning the third language depends on the situation, the age, time, sex, how you think and whether you want to get a job or any other reasons. Learning the third language may be easy to us or hard, this is quite different from one person to another; some people can acquire it in an easy way and some may not acquire it in an easy way or should try hard to get it, this research is entitled (Learning the third language and its facilities and difficulties or challenges – the centers of languages in the city of Erbil as an example): are attempts to clarify the aspects that may make obstacles to learn the third language. Of course the main problem is the language, and learning the third language is the same as the first and second languages you might face the same obstacles. In this research we try to focus on the motivations that make you learn the third language in the simplest way, or vice versa. This is worth a lot of discussions and exchanging ideas and that led the linguists to be divided into two different groups, each has many evidences to approve that. This matter is clarified and being focused on depending on a referendum held in four centers of languages in the city of Erbil.
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Rugge, Shrishail, Veer Metri, Sujay Satpute, Prathmesh Nule, and A. P. Devmore. "IndoGuruji Indian Language Teacher." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (2023): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50033.
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Abstract: The IndoGuruji Indian Language Teacher application is a great application for anyone wanting to learn an Indian regional language. It provides an easy and convenient way to learn text from one language to another. The application is extremely user-friendly and can be used by anyone, regardless of their level of expertise. The Indian Language Teacher is an essential tool for anyone wanting to communicate in an Indian regional language. It is a revolutionary new application that makes learning Indian languages easy and fun. With its user-friendly interface and comprehensive language learning tools, the Indian Language Teacher is the perfect application for anyone interested in learning an Indian language. The IndoGuruji Application is the one and only kind to teach the Indian Language in an interactive way and also covers all the flaws of the other Indian Language Teaching application which is available in the market. The app contains lessons and quizzes to help users learn the basics of the Indian language of their choice.
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Tchaparian, Vicky. "Making a Difficult Language Skill Easy." Armenian Folia Anglistika 12, no. 1 (15) (2016): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2016.12.1.118.
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One of the main reasons why writing is a difficult language skill according to Roger and Robinson is that “the connection between the mind and the verbal system, by which mental processes are made apparent (visible or audible) to oneself and to others, is difficult to capture” (Roger and Robinson 1990:88). However, one can overcome writing difficulties by following certain rules. This paper intends to introduce rules for better writing.
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Fuchs, Julia. "Pragmatics and cognition in Easy Language." Pragmatics & Cognition 31, no. 1 (2024): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.00038.fuc.
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Abstract A core area of pragmatics is conversational implicatures, where speakers imply a meaning that is not part of what is literally said. Not all people have the ability to easily understand such common (implicit) forms of communication. For these people, Easy Language has been developed, i.e. a form of barrier-free communication with substantially simplified syntax and lexis. Moreover, Easy Language is based on the principle of maximum explicitness. However, the heterogeneous target groups and the different types of implicature have not been systematically taken into account. Therefore, this article is the first to take an in-depth look at conversational implicatures in Easy Language. It shows that a universal principle of maximum explicitness for Easy Language is too short-sighted. Instead, the principle of explicitness must be considered in relation to the different target groups and the types of implicature. The article provides an impulse for further (empirical) research in this emerging field.
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Ramadhan, Fadillah, Hendang Setyo Rukmi, Arif Imran, Cahyadi Nugraha, and Risdan Ferdiansyah. "Software Design using Visual Basic for Application and Microsoft Excel Programming for Students." REKA ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (2020): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/rekaelkomika.v1i2.86-97.
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The rapid development of information technology has made people to have the ability to design software with a programming language. There are quite some engineers who have not mastered programming languages. It happens becausesome people think that developing software with a certain programming language is very difficult. The language is difficult to understand, the accuracy must be precise, and the user is not familiar with the platform. Difficulty in learning programming languages is a problem that is often encountered by university students, vocational students, or employees. This article describes an easy programming language training activity for beginners, namelyVisual Basic for Applications (VBA)-Ms. Excel training.The advantage of this programming language iseasy to operate because manystudentsor employees are very familiar with Ms. Excel so that the adaptation process will be easy. The results of the post-test training that was attended bystudents showed a significant increase in the ability to design programming languages.
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Ni Wayan Swarniti. "Analysis of Figurative Language in “Easy On Me” Song Lyric." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 8, no. 1 (2022): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55637/jr.8.1.4708.13-18.
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It is very interesting to analyze figurative language in a song lyric, because figurative language makes the language more unique by using metaphor, hyperbole, etc. The aim of this research is to classify and analyze the lyric of Adele’s Song Easy On Me based on figurative language used. This research implies qualitative research. The data source in this research was song lyric of Adele’s Song entitled Easy On Me. Technique of collecting data in this research was observation. The theory used was from Miller and Greenberg (1981) about figurative language. Each data was analyzed based on the theory of figurative language descriptively. Based on the result of this research, in Comparative Figurative Language, just found data in personification (4 data). In Contradictive Figurative Language, it was found hyperbole (3 data), litotes (2 data), and paradox (1 datum). In Correlative Figurative Language, it was found in this data source, namely: allusion (1 datum), ellipsis (2 data), metonymy (2 data), and symbol (8 data). The most data found in data source was symbol. This song lyric had many figurative languages. It means this song lyric tried to use figurative language to express the feeling or idea imaginatively. In other word, this song lyric tried to create a special image and bring out one's emotions.
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Cahana-Amitay, Dalia, Lewina, O. Lee, Avron Spiro, and Martin L. Albert. "Breathe Easy, Speak Easy: Pulmonary Function and Language Performance in Aging." Experimental Aging Research 44, no. 5 (2018): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0361073x.2018.1521374.
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Mikhienko, Zhanna. "The Problem of Term Choice for the Linguistic Description of the Concept of Easy Language." Philology & Human, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/filichel(2022)3-14.
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The article describes the options for designating the sociolinguistic concept of Easy Language, which appeared in Europe in the second half of the last century. The concept includes rules and norms on the basis of which modified texts are created. The recipients of the modified texts are readers with cognitive peculiarities. Now the concept has different names: "clear language", "plain language", "easy language", "easy to understand language", "easy reading", "simplified language". The article examines the reasons for the diversity of terms in European countries. The relevance of the problem of choosing terms to describe the concept of an easy language in Russia is also grounded. The author draws attention to the experience of creating adapted texts in the field of teaching Russian as a foreign language. It also analyzes the use of the term "clear language" in Russian linguistics in the sense in which it is used in the international concept of Easy Language. The article gives examples of overcoming terminological diversity: the creation of international reference books and bilingual dictionaries.
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Arias-Badia, Blanca, and Anna Matamala. "Audio description meets Easy-to-Read and Plain Language: results from a questionnaire and a focus group in Catalonia." Zeitschrift für Katalanistik 33 (July 1, 2020): 251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/zfk.2020.251-270.
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Summary: Providing accessible audiovisual content which caters for diverse user needs is one of the challenges of today’s digitized society. Easy-to-understand language is currently being explored as a powerful tool to foster accessibility among different user groups, including persons with cognitive disabilities and reading difficulties. Audio description is an access service that provides an aural translation of visuals for those who cannot access the images in audiovisual content. This paper discusses whether audio description could incorporate the principles of easy-to-understand language in order to produce easy-to-understand audio descriptions by focusing on the Catalan working context. Specifically, the paper reports on a survey distributed among experts in Easy-to-Read and Plain Language in Catalonia and a focus group which brought together audio description and Easy-to-Read experts working in Catalonia to discuss the feasibility and potential means of implementation of an easy-to-understand audio description. Both research actions were undertaken in the framework of the EASIT project. Keywords: easy-to-understand language, plain language, easy-to-read language, audio description
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Kaku, Zakka, and O. Okoye Romy. "Influence of Multiple-Choice Item Ordering on Academic Achievement in English Language and Mathematics in Unity Schools in North-East, Nigeria." International Journal of Social Science And Human Research 06, no. 09 (2023): 5410–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8326740.
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The study investigated the influence of test item ordering on academic achievement in English language and Mathematics in unity schools in North-East, Nigeria. The study was experimental. The population comprised all the 5403 JSS 3 students in unity schools in North-East, Nigeria. A sample of 600 JSS 3 students was used. Two instruments, each prepared in three different formats were used for the study viz: (1) Mathematics Achievement Test and (2) English Language Achievement each of the test was prepared in three formats following the ways the items were arranged (1) Easy to difficult (ETD), (2) Difficult to easy (DTE), and (3) Mixed difficulty indices (MDI). The instruments were validated by four experts; two in measurement and evaluation, one in mathematics, and one in English language. Test-retest reliability was used to establish reliability indices of the two instruments. The reliability estimates that were obtained for the Mathematics achievement test are as follows: format 0.512, for format ETD, 0.849 for DTE and 0.718 for MDI. The reliability estimates that were obtained for the English Language achievement test are as follows: 0.728 for format ETD, 0.669 for format DTE and 0.877 for format MDI. ANOVA was used to test the null hypotheses. The major finding of the study were: (1) the results showed that JSS 3 students that were exposed to Difficult to easy (DTE) format in Mathematics had the highest mean achievement scores. (2) There was a significant difference between the mean achievement scores in English language of JSS 3 students exposed to different orderings of the items in favour of DTE test item format. Based on the findings, it was recommended that English Language tests items should be ordered from the difficult ones to the easy ones since the highest academic achievement of students was recorded using this method and that Mathematics tests items should be ordered from the easy ones to the difficult ones since the highest academic achievement of students was recorded using this method.
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Asteasuain, Fernando, and Víctor Braberman. "Specification Patterns: Formal and Easy." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 25, no. 04 (2015): 669–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194015500060.
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Property specification is still one of the most challenging tasks for transference of software verification technology. The use of patterns has been proposed in order to hide the complicated handling of formal languages from the developer. However, this goal is not entirely satisfied. When validating the desired property the developer may have to deal with the pattern representation in some particular formalism. For this reason, we identify four desirable quality attributes for the underlying specification language: succinctness, comparability, complementariness, and modifiability. We show that typical formalisms such as temporal logics or automata fail at some extent to support these features. Given this context we introduce Featherweight Visual Scenarios (FVS), a declarative and graphical language based on scenarios, as a possible alternative to specify behavioral properties. We illustrate FVS applicability by modeling all the specification patterns and we thoroughly compare FVS to other known approaches, showing that FVS specifications are better suited for validation tasks. In addition, we augment pattern specification by introducing the concept of violating behavior. Finally we characterize the type of properties that can be written in FVS and we formally introduce its syntax and semantics.
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TRAN, NICHOLAS. "ON UNIVERSALLY POLYNOMIAL CONTEXT-FREE LANGUAGES." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 13, no. 06 (2002): 829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054102001485.
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A language is universally polynomial if its intersection with every NP-complete language is in P. Such a language would provide an automatic method for generating easy instances of intractable problems. In this note, we give a complete characterization of universally polynomial languages that are context-free, answering an open question in [4].
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Boltayeva, Gulilola, and Madina Baxtiyorova. "PRONUNCIATION TEACHING TECHNOLOGIES." Journal of Academic Research and Trends in Educational Sciences 1, no. 7 (2022): 301–4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6686218.
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Today, the interest in language learning is growing. Many reforms are being carried out in our country for the development of foreign languages. The most gratifying thing is that methods of teaching and learning are emerging, combining foreign languages and the IT industry. Easy and fast language learning through these technological methods is developing rapidly.
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Polinska, Velga, and Dite Liepa. "Vieglās valodas loma mazākumtautību skolotāju darbā." Valodu apguve: problēmas un perspektīva : zinātnisko rakstu krājums = Language Acquisition: Problems and Perspective : conference proceedings, no. 19/20 (December 16, 2024): 68–79. https://doi.org/10.37384/va.2024.19.20.068.
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Easy language research in Latvia is developing, as is the use of Easy language in pedagogy is also being studied. There is a tradition to use Easy language in special education; however, in general education, we still encounter prejudices and concerns that Easy language will deplete the literary language and students will avoid reading complex fiction. Nevertheless, teachers can benefit from using Easy language. From April to May, a teachers’ awareness questionnaire was conducted. The questionnaire was answered by 500 respondents, 47 of whom represented national minorities. The results showed that 34 % of teachers knew what Easy language is and used it in their work. 23 % of teachers had never heard of Easy language, and 24 % had heard of the term but did not know its meaning. Similar results were obtained among the national minorities’ teachers – 30 % used it in their work, 26 % had never heard of Easy language, but 28 % had heard of the term without understanding it. These results were also discussed during the professional development courses for national minorities’ teachers. Besides adapted materials in Easy language, there are several principles that can be applied to teaching on an everyday basis, e.g., explaining the task in an understandable manner, splitting the task into smaller tasks, rephrasing if a student has not understood, giving the information in a structured, logical way. The only principles that for national minorities’ teachers were not as important as in the general data set were the use of proper standard language and avoiding foreign words. This year, Riga Education and Information Method Centre offered a further education programme for minority schoolteachers “Methodological support for minority primary school teachers for the transition to teaching in the national language”. During the programme, it was observed that almost half of the participants did not have sufficient knowledge of the Latvian language – they could not find synonyms, create shorter word forms, and occasionally understand the meaning of the words. This problem should be addressed in the near future. In recent years, various activities have laid the foundation for new directions in using Easy language. Although Easy language cannot be considered a universal solution to all the problems in education, it can provide significant support not only in special but also in general, minority and adult education.
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Riccioli, Michael Arthur. "Easy programming in BASIC for language teachers." Recherche et pratiques pédagogiques en langues de spécialité - Cahiers de l'APLIUT 6, no. 4 (1987): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/apliu.1987.1873.
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Robson, David, and Richard Webb. "Life chances: Inventing language, the easy way." New Scientist 207, no. 2779 (2010): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(10)62351-2.
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Danuso, Francesco, and Alvaro Rocca. "SEMoLa: A simple and easy modelling language." Ecological Modelling 285 (August 2014): 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.04.012.
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Anča, Gunta, Justina Bružaitė-Liseckienė, Inga Daraškienė, et al. "Sąmoningumo lengvai suprantamos kalbos atžvilgiu svarba socialinei įtraukčiai Latvijoje, Lietuvoje ir Slovėnijoje." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 21 (May 23, 2024): 14–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/taikalbot.2024.21.2.
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Easy Language serves as a communication tool designed for use by a broad spectrum of individuals within our society. Like any tool, it requires development, adjustment, and application standards. Some of these standards are common across languages and societies, while others are unique to specific languages, groups of people, or needs. This implies that language users, developers, and researchers can benefit from cooperation but also need to develop their own language- and situation-specific tools and standards of communication.The aim of this research is to compare the change in Easy Language awareness from 2021 to 2022 among societies in Latvia, Lithuania, and Slovenia within a year, using such tools as surveys, in-depth interviews, and statistical analysis. The findings suggest that awareness levels vary across different countries and social groups. Furthermore, it takes more than two years to reach the levels of legal structures and political readiness necessary to embrace the needs of the entire society.
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Arai, Tamio, Toshiyuki Itoko, and Hidetoshi Yago. "A graphical robot language developed in Japan." Robotica 15, no. 1 (1997): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574797000118.
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A graphical robot programming system has been developed. This system with a graphical interface is user-friendly and easy-to-learn for low-skill users. It has been developed as a prototype system under a project by the Japan Robot Association (JARA) since 1994. The system runs on a personal computer and consists of a graphical user interface and an editing system. It is designed for programming an arc welding robot in small batch production and is expected to provide low-skill users with a means to use industrial robots with ease.
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Liepa, Dite, and Velga Polinska. "Vietnes mammadaba.lv tulkojums vieglajā valodā: leksikas analīze." Vārds un tā pētīšanas aspekti: rakstu krājums = The Word: Aspects of Research: conference proceedings, no. 27 (November 3, 2023): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/vtpa.2023.27.150.
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The article “Translation of the website mammadaba.lv in easy language: lexical analysis” aims to evaluate the use of the easy language lexicon to determine which solutions must be applied to reduce the cognitive load on the lexical level. In the study, only texts validated in the target group were used. When creating a text in easy language, verbosity should be avoided, the use of nouns should be carefully considered, the principle “one word – one concept” should be followed, and a concrete lexicon should be used. The keyword of the synonym list should be used to reduce the reader’s cognitive load. Moreover, the most appropriate strategy for handling foreign words and terms should be selected: replacement, explanation, or leaving. It is also important to consider the grounding of using the means of expression. There are no strict borders for easy language writing style – it has official business and publicist style characteristics. The solutions that ensure text functionality for an Easy language reader do not cover all potentialities. However, each Easy language parameter on the lexical level completely corresponds to the norms of standard Latvian.
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Fathira, Vina. "Isoglosses Boundary in a Language Mapping of Malay-Riau Language." J-SHMIC : Journal of English for Academic 5, no. 1 (2018): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jshmic.2018.vol5(1).1159.
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Dialectology is a part of sociolinguistics that is known as regional dialect topic. To ease the readers to understand the regional dialect especially in language mapping for certain region, the researcher used isoglosses boundary. Isoglosses boundary is the line that separate between region of having different etyma. The aim of this research is to elaborate the language mapping in dialectolgy by isoglosses boundary. Method of the research used qualitative method explained descriptively. In this research, the researcher conducted a dialectology research in Rokan Hulu Regency by 21 observation spots. In collecting data, there were 200 Swadesh words had been recorded, had been transcribed in phonetic transcription, and had been drawn in language mapping. The result showed that language mapping in Malay-Riau language was easy to analyze the differencess of language used by using isoglosses boundary. The languge mapping founds a language with some dialects used, Malay-Riau language with Bengkalis Minang dialect, with Mandailing dialect since the position of Rokan Hulu Regency lies among 3 regions having different in languages. They are West Sumatra Province with Minangese language, North Sumatra Province with Bataknese/Mandailing language, and Bengkalis Regency with Malay Riau Island language. The most dominant was Malay-Riau language, Malay-Riau language with Mandailing dialect. It means that, there is only one language used in Rokan Hulu Regency. It is called Malay-Riau language with Mandailing Dialect.
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Cuong, Le Khac. "Languages law in view of teaching Vietnamese as a foreign language." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 1, no. 4 (2018): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v1i4.461.
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While teaching Vietnamese as a foreign language, teachers often face many questions of foreign students about Vietnamese. In addition, these questions are not easy to answer because of the complexity in terms of science. Many other questions are difficult to answer because of the absence of regulations in terms of Language Law in Vietnam. A few years ago, the issue of language law and language legislation has been raised. This paper mentioned only the difficulties in teaching Vietnamese to foreigners due to lack of strict regulations.
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Yalçın, Şebnem, and Nina Spada. "LANGUAGE APTITUDE AND GRAMMATICAL DIFFICULTY." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 38, no. 2 (2016): 239–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263115000509.
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This study investigates the relationship between foreign language aptitude and the learning of two English structures defined as easy or difficult to learn. Using a quasiexperimental design, 66 secondary-level learners of English as a foreign language from three intact classes were provided with four hours of instruction on thepassive(a difficult structure) and thepast progressive(an easy structure). Language aptitude was measured using the LLAMA Aptitude Test (Meara, 2005). Language outcomes were measured with a written grammaticality judgment and an oral production task. The results revealed that one of the aptitude components, grammatical inferencing, contributed to learners’ gains on thepassivebut not thepast progressiveon the written measure. Another component of aptitude, associative memory, contributed to learners’ gains on thepast progressiveon the oral measure. The results provide support for the claim that different components of aptitude contribute to the learning of difficult and easy L2 structures in different ways. There is also support for the proposal that different components of aptitude may be involved at different stages of language acquisition (Skehan, 2002).
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Fayzrakhmanov, Timur Rasimovich. "Introducing Programming Language Metrics." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 34, no. 6 (2022): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2022-34(6)-5.
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We introduce possibly the first approximation of programming language metrics that represent a spectrum over 70 unique and carefully gathered dimensions by which any two programming languages can be compared. Based on those metrics, one can evaluate her own `best' language, and to demonstrate how complex feelings such as “simplicity” and “easy to use”, often found as arguments in language debates and advertisements, can be decomposed into clear and measurable pieces. We put the collection as a completely separate open-source file (here as an appendix) so that everyone can participate in eliciting new and interesting dimensions used in programming languages research, development, and use. Metrics can find their use to compare languages, define requirements, create rankings, give tips for language designers, and simply provide a bird’s-eye view on existing languages features found in the wild.
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Arianingsih, A. "News Web Easy as Japanese Learning Media." Proceeding of International Conference on Business, Economics, Social Sciences, and Humanities 1 (December 1, 2020): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/icobest.v1i.107.
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This study aims to describe the function of News Web Easy as Japanese learning media and students’ perceptions of this media. This research used a descriptive method with a sample of 20 persons of UNIKOM Japanese Department students in the 2020/2021 academic year. The research instrument is a questionnaire and literature studies. The results show that the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of this media are high, so the intention to use this media becomes high following the Technology Acceptance Model. News Web Easy can be used as an alternative for Japanese language learning which can not only improve Japanese language skills but also can help to know about the latest news about Japan in simple Japanese.
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Gopal D. Upadhye. "Multilingual Language Translator Using ML." Advances in Nonlinear Variational Inequalities 28, no. 2s (2024): 37–46. https://doi.org/10.52783/anvi.v28.2512.
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This research paper explores the design and development of a Python-based multilingual translation application that leverages various libraries for a robust, user-friendly experience. The application integrates multiple functions such as text translation, speech-to-text, text-to-speech, and PDF text extraction, using libraries like Pyttsx3, PyPDF2, Speech Recognition, Tkinter, and the Google Translate API. The system allows for real-time translations, enhancing communication across different languages and improving accessibility. It enables users to convert PDF content into translated text and provides voice-based input for ease of use, particularly for users with physical limitations. The application’s performance in translation accuracy, speech recognition, and ease of use has been thoroughly tested, yielding positive user feedback. Furthermore, the modular design of the system allows for easy scalability and adaptability for future improvements, such as integrating more languages and enhancing voice recognition. This project demonstrates the effective use of Python’s rich library ecosystem in creating a comprehensive tool to bridge language barriers in various personal, academic, and professional contexts.
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Mellgren, Millie Park, and William T. Tardy. "Easy Spanish Reader." Modern Language Journal 70, no. 4 (1986): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/326860.
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Zakirova, Gulnara Sadikovna. "ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN MASTERING HAND COMING METHODS EFFICIENT APPLY WAYS." INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3, no. 3 (2023): 30–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7698532.
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In the article exactly English language fast and easy and efficient wants to learn has been students for language 12 learning skills given being _ student this of skills used without the language easy learn takes _
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List, Johann-Mattis, and Robert Forkel. "Automated identification of borrowings in multilingual wordlists." Open Research Europe 1 (August 24, 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13843.2.
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Although lexical borrowing is an important aspect of language evolution, there have been few attempts to automate the identification of borrowings in lexical datasets. Moreover, none of the solutions which have been proposed so far identify borrowings across multiple languages. This study proposes a new method for the task and tests it on a newly compiled large comparative dataset of 48 South-East Asian languages from Southern China. The method yields very promising results, while it is conceptually straightforward and easy to apply. This makes the approach a perfect candidate for computer-assisted exploratory studies on lexical borrowing in contact areas.
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List, Johann-Mattis, and Robert Forkel. "Automated identification of borrowings in multilingual wordlists." Open Research Europe 1 (March 23, 2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13843.3.
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Although lexical borrowing is an important aspect of language evolution, there have been few attempts to automate the identification of borrowings in lexical datasets. Moreover, none of the solutions which have been proposed so far identify borrowings across multiple languages. This study proposes a new method for the task and tests it on a newly compiled large comparative dataset of 48 South-East Asian languages from Southern China. The method yields very promising results, while it is conceptually straightforward and easy to apply. This makes the approach a perfect candidate for computer-assisted exploratory studies on lexical borrowing in contact areas.
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List, Johann-Mattis, and Robert Forkel. "Automated identification of borrowings in multilingual wordlists." Open Research Europe 1 (July 15, 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13843.1.
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Although lexical borrowing is an important aspect of language evolution, there have been few attempts to automate the identification of borrowings in lexical datasets. Moreover, none of the solutions which have been proposed so far identify borrowings across multiple languages. This study proposes a new method for the task and tests it on a newly compiled large comparative dataset of 48 South-East Asian languages. The method yields very promising results, while it is conceptually straightforward and easy to apply. This makes the approach a perfect candidate for computer-assisted exploratory studies on lexical borrowing in contact areas.
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Fayed, Mahmoud Samir, and Yousef A. Alohali. "Ring: A Lightweight and Versatile Cross-Platform Dynamic Programming Language Developed Using Visual Programming." Electronics 13, no. 23 (2024): 4627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13234627.
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New programming languages are often designed to keep up with technological advancements and project requirements while also learning from previous attempts and introducing more powerful expression mechanisms. However, most existing dynamic programming languages rely on English keywords and lack features that facilitate easy translation of language syntax. Additionally, maintaining multiple implementations of the same language for different platforms, such as desktops and microcontrollers, can lead to inconsistencies and fragmented features. Furthermore, they usually do not use visual programming to fully implement the compiler and virtual machine. In this research paper, we introduce Ring—a dynamically-typed language with a lightweight implementation. However, it boasts several advantages, including a rich and versatile standard library and direct support for classes and object-oriented programming. The Ring language offers customization features. For instance, it allows easy modification of the language syntax multiple times, enabling programming by writing code using Arabic, English, or other keywords. Additionally, the language permits the creation of domain-specific languages through new features that extend object-oriented programming, allowing for specialized languages resembling CSS or Supernova. In the era of the Internet of Things, instead of creating another language implementation to support microcontrollers, the same Ring implementation allows us to create projects and applications for desktops, the web, WebAssembly, Android, or Raspberry Pi Pico. The Ring Compiler and Virtual Machine are designed using the PWCT Visual Programming language based on ANSI C. The visual implementation is composed of 18,945 components that generate 24,743 lines of code, which increases the abstraction level by approximately 23.5% and hides unnecessary details.
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Leskelä, Leealaura, Arto Mustajoki, and Aino Piehl. "Easy and plain languages as special cases of linguistic tailoring and standard language varieties." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 45, no. 2 (2022): 194–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586522000142.
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AbstractThis article aims to introduce new insights to further the understanding of easy language (EL) and plain language (PL) as examples of tailored language and place them within a broader context of linguistic varieties. We examine EL and PL in relation to standard language, and we consider the degree of conscious effort required in tailoring and the compliance with the codified norms of standard language. Both EL and PL are used in asymmetric communication: PL to mediate between specialists and the general public and EL in communication with people with language barriers. We argue that while these varieties have similar purposes and methods, they also have significant differences; for example, the tailoring moves in opposite directions, as PL seeks general comprehensibility and EL aims to reach special and vulnerable groups. The differences between PL and EL are primarily linked to social prestige and the potential risk of stigma related to their use.
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Radünzel, Claudia. "Leichte Sprache im Polnischen. Überlegungen zu einem neuen sprachlichen Phänomen." Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics 47, no. 1 (2020): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/gl.2020.47.1.07.
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The present article deals with Easy-to-read Polish, a language variety which has been created for target groups with difficulties in reading and understanding written standard text. It is systematically simplified in both syntax and vocabulary. In order to describe Easy-to-read Polish, this article consults findings made in the last few years in examinations of Easy-to-read German. The analysis is based on texts in Easy-to-read Polish which were published by the organization “Inclusion Europe” on their homepage. With the help of these texts, characteristic features of the Easy-to-read language on various linguistic levels such as the system of symbols, morphology, syntax, vocabulary, semantics, and text are being worked out and illustrated by examples. It turns out that findings on Easy-to-read German are definitely helpful and inspiring for the elaboration of this language variety in Polish. Yet, in many cases more detailed language specific research is required
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二ノ宮, 崇司 NINOMIYA Takashi. "カザフスタンにおける発達障害者のための 「やさしいカザフ語」と「やさしいロシア語」の作成過程". Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences 3, № 20 (2023): 192–200. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8094530.
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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> <em>This study is positioned as one of the results of the “Comprehensive research on various ‘Easy Languages’ for social implementation” project by Professor Toshinobu Usuyama of the University of Tsukuba. To make “Easy Kazakh” and “Easy Russian” guidelines for people with developmental disabilities in Kazakhstan, it is first necessary to know the general characteristics of the languages of people with developmental disabilities and what the people find difficult to understand in Kazakh or Russian. Also, it is </em><em>appropriate to make</em><em> the guidelines for Easy Kazakh and Russian with reference to the situation in Germany, which has strongly developed </em><em>Leichte Sprache</em><em> (i.e., Easy Language) for people with developmental disabilities. Teachers in Kazakhstan’s special and inclusive education schools are likely to always use Easy Kazakh or Russian, as they have more opportunities to work with children with developmental disabilities. Based on their knowledge and experiences, it is proposed that Kazakhstan make guidelines for Easy Kazakh and Russian. </em>
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Soufi, Loutfi. "Type Specification by Regular Expressions." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 5, no. (9) (1999): 622–31. https://doi.org/10.3217/jucs-005-09-0622.
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Generally, programming problems are formally described as function computation problems. In this paper they are viewed as language recognition problems. More precisely, we sugget to specify types, and programs using the concept of languages of concatenation of level n, i.e, languages built from regular languages on which language transformation operations are applied to them. Regular languages denoted by regular expressions allow an easy connection between those languages of concatenation and programming. This connection is naturally done via recurrence relations. We explain our approach through some examples.
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Mohamad Dakhil Diab and Ammar Ibrahim Fattah. "Criterios de la traducción ideal." Journal of the College of Basic Education 21, no. 88 (2023): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.35950/cbej.v21i88.8966.
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That all languages, including Spanish and Arabic characterized its proximity to a large amount of complexity and language difficulties and uses grammatical wrong and mystery that might get in, and applies perfectly this case on the Spanish language, especially when we are translated into Arabic and vice versa, which revolves discussed this on a perfect translation into Arabic language through a good understanding and knowledge of language differences, which require a large and challenging issue in preparation for a broad and ability and proficiency to be reckoned with by the translator. That it should be at least proficiency in two languages and two movable ones and target language, because the translation process is not an easy task or easy as thinking is believed by many, it is quite the contrary, it is the process of a very difficult and complex, it does not consist of the conversion and transfer process a word or phrase or a particular phrase from one language to another only because if we accept this concept will be able to anyone that opens the book dictionary, or to preserve a set of words and become a translator in this case, while the truth is not quite you
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Sari, Yosi Novita, and Rita Arni. "Analisis Fungsi kakujoshi de dalam Aplikasi Todai Easy Japanese News." Omiyage : Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Jepang 6, no. 1 (2023): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/omg.v6i1.601.
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Analysis the function of kakujoshi de In Today Easy Japanese News Application. Thesis. Padang: Japanese Language Education Study Program, English Language and Literature Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Padang State University. In general, joshi can be divided into four types, that are setsuzokujoshi, fukujoshi, kakujoshi, fukujosi, and shuujoshi. Kakujoshi is a particle in Japanese which is a link between noun and predicate. Kakujoshi has various functions and meanings, in a sentence kakujoshi there are several different functions. The researcher appraise that the importance of research analyzes kakujoshi in the Today Easy Japanese News application, so that there is no misunderstanding of students. The aims of this study is to describe the function of kakujoshi in Today Easy Japanese News application. This study uses descriptive qualitative design. The data in this study are sentences that use kakujoshi function in Today Easy Japanese News application according to Sugihartono's theory (2001). The data source in this study is the Today Easy Japanese News application. The instrument of this research is the research itself. Based on the results of the research conducted, researcher found seven functions of kakujoshi de in the Today Easy Japanese News application based on Sugihartono's theory (2001). Kakujoshi function that is not found in Today Easy Japanese News application is the function of showing the “most” at a certain scope/group in revealing something.
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Purba, Ridwin, Resmi Resmi, Nanda Saputra, and Herman Herman. "Exploring the Teaching of Language Variation Use from Early Children's Acquisition at School." Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 6, no. 6 (2022): 5446–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i6.2907.
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The purpose of this study was to look at language variations in early childhood speech at school. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this study were early childhood children at one of the Kindergarten school located in the city of Pematangsiantar. Language acquisition is obtained through the language of parents, as well as language in school and in the environment. The variety of languages obtained can be varied, the subjects studied used children as research subjects with different family backgrounds, there was a mixture of Batak Karo and Simalungun tribes, Batak Toba and Batak Karo, Batak Toba with Nias, Javanese with Batak. In early childhood, it is very easy to absorb language and it is easy to imitate the language obtained from parents, the environment and school so that the language used by children can vary. Data collection was carried out using the conversational and observational method of observing. The results obtained are that these five variations appear with various background factors. Dialect variations began to be used along with the development of his age at an early age, so that the acquisition of the language has begun to show its uniqueness.