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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Easy literature

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Academic literature on the topic 'Easy literature'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Easy literature"

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Sikorski, Robert. "Medical Literature Made Easy." JAMA 277, no. 12 (March 26, 1997): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03540360027013.

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Chou, J. K., and C. K. Yang. "PaperVis: Literature Review Made Easy." Computer Graphics Forum 30, no. 3 (June 2011): 721–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2011.01921.x.

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Joseph, Thomas, Vangala G. Saipradeep, Ganesh Sekar Venkat Raghavan, Rajgopal Srinivasan, Aditya Rao, Sujatha Kotte, and Naveen Sivadasan. "TPX: Biomedical literature search made easy." Bioinformation 8, no. 12 (June 28, 2012): 578–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630008578.

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Deidier, Roberto, and Justin Vitiello. "Easy." World Literature Today 71, no. 2 (1997): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40153034.

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Purdy, James. "Easy Street." Antioch Review 60, no. 3 (2002): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4614351.

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Gross, David, and Geoffrey H. Hartman. "Easy Pieces." World Literature Today 60, no. 1 (1986): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40141436.

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Fiedorek, Cally. "Easy Living." Sewanee Review 127, no. 1 (2019): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sew.2019.0010.

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Larios, Daisy, Thomas M. Brooks, Nicholas B. W. Macfarlane, and Sugoto Roy. "Access to scientific literature by the conservation community." PeerJ 8 (July 9, 2020): e9404. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9404.

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Access to the scientific literature is perceived to be a challenge to the biodiversity conservation community, but actual level of literature access relative to needs has never been assessed globally. We examined this question by surveying the constituency of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as a proxy for the conservation community, generating 2,285 responses. Of these respondents, ∼97% need to use the scientific literature in order to support their IUCN-related conservation work, with ∼50% needing to do so at least once per week. The crux of the survey revolved around the question, “How easy is it for you currently to obtain the scientific literature you need to carry out your IUCN-related work?” and revealed that roughly half (49%) of the respondents find it not easy or not at all easy to access scientific literature. We fitted a binary logistic regression model to explore factors predicting ease of literature access. Whether the respondent had institutional literature access (55% do) is the strongest predictor, with region (Western Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand) and sex (male) also significant predictors. Approximately 60% of respondents from Western Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand have institutional access compared to ∼50% in Asia and Latin America, and ∼40% in Eastern Europe and in Africa. Nevertheless, accessing free online material is a popular means of accessing literature for both those with and without institutional access. The four journals most frequently mentioned when asked which journal access would deliver the greatest improvements to the respondent’s IUCN-related work were Conservation Biology, Biological Conservation, Nature, and Science. The majority prefer to read journal articles on screen but books in hard copy. Overall, it is apparent that access to the literature is a challenge facing roughly half of the conservation community worldwide.

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Sikorski, R. "Medical literature made easy. Querying databases on the Internet." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 277, no. 12 (March 26, 1997): 959–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.277.12.959.

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Sahoo, Anjan Kumar. "Static Technique of Facial Reanimation: Review of Literature." Journal of Advanced Research in Medicine 07, no. 03 (December 22, 2020): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2349.7181.202013.

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Facial palsy and its complications are quit catastrophic. It affects the structural, functional and emotional aspects of an individual. The primary management of facial palsy should be supportive with surgery being always the second choice. Surgical management of facial palsy is challenging for the surgeons and to the patients. In this article, various surgical aspects of management of facial palsy with special emphasis on static technique of reanimation is discussed. Static facial reanimation is easy to perform and also it can be addressed to all the facial zones. Salient features of all the variety of static reanimation like fascial sling, brow correction, eye lid weight placement are described.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Easy literature"

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De, Iacovo Joe. "Easy : a novella /." View thesis, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030910.142345/index.html.

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Buell, Susan. "Health-based information for people with intellectual disabilities : an investigation into the linguistic properties of 'easy read' literature and its contribution to the construction of meaning : the Easy Read Project." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/65618/.

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Health information is often conveyed in printed or digital form. This can present challenges to people with intellectual disabilities, many of whom experience literacy difficulties and are therefore disadvantaged in reading and understanding such information. ‘Easy read’ versions of health-related documents purport to circumvent these difficulties, but there is little evidence to demonstrate their effectiveness in doing so. The aim of the current research was to address how effective adapted health-based ‘easy read’ literature was in contributing to the construction of meaning for people with intellectual disabilities. Four studies investigated different areas of ‘easy read’ information and its use. 1. A survey compared presentational features found in ‘easy read’ and ‘non-easy read’ literature published by the UK Department of Health and aligned these with advice given in published guidelines for ‘easy read’ material. 2. Critical differences between the linguistic features in these two groups of documents were analysed using specialised software. 3. A systematic qualitative linguistic analysis was undertaken to investigate the subtleties conveyed through the discourse of ‘non-easy read’ compared to ‘easy read’ texts. 4. Finally, a randomised experiment tested the effects of linguistic simplification and literacy mediation on the understanding of ‘easy read’ information with sixty participants with intellectual disabilities. When material was compared to its ‘non-easy read’ counterparts it showed that clear differences had been rendered by authors of the ‘easy read’ documentation. These differences were indicative of presentational changes and reduced linguistic complexity. They did not appear to translate into more effective understanding of content by people with intellectual disabilities, whether human mediation was present or not. Individual capacity for language, however, was shown to be integral to the construction of meaning from ‘easy read material’. This has implications for both the production and the use of ‘easy read’ material in practice.

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Ozirny, Shannon. "The big shoes of Little Bear : the publication history, emergence, and literary potential of the easy reader." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2727.

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Despite incredible sales success, popularity, and a fifty year history, easy readers are one of the most neglected forms of children’s literature. Called everything from “the poor stepchild of the more glamorous picture book or children’s novel” to “literary flotsam,” easy readers are too-often regarded as insubstantial, superficial, sub-par literature. This thesis provides the first comprehensive, theoretically grounded examination of easy readers and endeavors to prove that a surprising complexity lurks beneath the easy reader’s decodable surface. In order to illuminate both extra-textual and textual complexity, easy readers are treated generically and examined using the contemporary genre theories of Amy Devitt and Adena Rosmarin. This thesis ultimately unearths a heretofore unexplored complexity in the easy reader’s publication history and generic emergence, and finds that the easy reader genre has literary potential and can accommodate works of artistic merit.

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Harper, Alexis V. "Dorothy West's Re-imagining of the Migration Narrative." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83204.

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This thesis explores Dorothy West's interpretation of the migration experience through her novel The Living is Easy. Dorothy West breaks new ground by documenting a Black female migrant's sojourn from South to North in an era in which such narratives were virtually non-existent. West seemingly rejects both a separation between North and South as well any sentiment of condemning the North or South in totality. Instead, West chooses to settle her novel in a gray area. Moreover, in refusing to condemn the South, Dorothy West redeems the South from oversimplified negative assumptions of the region. My interpretation of Dorothy West's The Living is Easy as well as Cleo Judson both highlights West's contributions to the genre by complicating the assumptions of what a migration narrative contains by centering the migrating Black female body.
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Wahlström, Fredrik. "Brott och straff i lättläst adaption : En komparativ analys av Fjodor Dostojevskijs Brott och straff och romanen i lättläst bearbetning." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-82538.

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In the current landscape of Sweden, easy-to-read literature demand is surging. But the opinions of its shape and form are being questioned: is this type of literature in reality easier to understand, or is the removed content in fact making it less comprehensive? The study’s purpose is to analyze easy-to-read literature’s ability to manage complex motives, and if it changes the reading experience from the original. To attempt that, the study uses a comparative analysis of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and punishment and its easy-to-read adaptation, written by Johan Werkmäster. To understand how Werkmäster’s adaptation manages complex motives, the comparative analysis uses three motives from Professor George Strem, who argues that Crime and punishment is built on suffering, humility and the ideal of the Superman. To answer whether the easy-to-read version changes the reading experience or not, the study uses Professor Rita Felski’s terminology of chock and Anna Nordenstam and Christina Olin-Scheller’s identification. The analysis shows that the easy-to-read version of Crime and punishment maintains the main story but excludes the ideal of the Superman, which alters the understanding of suffering and humility. As a consequence this also means Felski’s chock is replaced by Nordenstam and Olin-Scheller’s identification, showing that the reading experience is indeed changed. The conclusion is that the changes in the adaptation cause problems regarding the reader’s ability to understand Raskolnikov. The result also leads to question what the most important factor is when reading easy-to-read literature. Whereas the authors and publishers argue that literacy and motivation is essential to the target audience, Felski and Nordenstam and Olin-Scheller claim that the reading experience is more important. This shows the need of more science in this area to create a consensus of what easy-to-read literature should be, and how it best helps the readers develop their reading ability.

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Ramberg, Sörensen Lena. "Vilka typer av texter möter elever på gymnasiesärskolan : Ett samspel mellan text och läsförståelse." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Specialpedagogiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118047.

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Fagerström, Emelie, and Lizette Karlsson. "Ett utökat urval av litteratur till elever med lässvårigheter : Kan elever med lässvårigheter läsa icke lättläst barnlitteratur?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-40586.

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The aim of this study is to analyse how children’s literature for ages 6 – 8 is adapted to pupils with reading difficulties. The material used for analysis in this study is six children’s books, examining some of the criteria by which a text is classified as easy-to-read. The result of the analysis shows that there is a possibility for pupils with reading difficulties to read something other than easy-to-read literature if it is carefully selected. The result also shows that the different criteria for an easy-to-read text cannot alone indicate whether a book as a whole is easy-to-read or not.

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Bakken, Michael. "Lättläst mellan raderna : En jämförande transitivitetsanalys mellan skönlitterär text och dess lättlästa version utifrån ett läsförståelseperspektiv." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-35623.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze, investigate and compare the eventual differences within the aspects of the ideational metafunction, of the systemic functional linguistics, between two fictional novels and their respective easy-Swedish versions, looking at chosen variables within the theory. The study also investigates how the eventual differences, effects the potential reader by setting the results of the analysis against contemporary research in reading comprehension. The method of use is transitvity analysis based within the ideational metafunction and its variables: processes, participants, circumstances, grammatical metaphors and register. The material that has been analyzed is Sodomsäpplet (Martin, 2016) and Mina drömmars stad (Fogelström, 2009) and their respective easy-Swedish versions. The result of the analysis proved that a lot of the material processes had been replaced by relational processes. This contributed to making the easy-Swedish versions more concrete but also static and impersonal, which effected the voice of the author as well as the register and the perspective of telling. The result is discussed with a reading comprehension perspective telling that the easy-Swedish versions not in every way is particularly easy as they displace the register and the authors voice. They also limit the abilities of interpretation for a potential reader.

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Page, Stephen Frederick. "Literature and culture in late medieval East Anglia." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1298490283.

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Poynting, Robert Jeremy. "Literature and cultural pluralism : East Indians in the Caribbean." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/821/.

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This study explores the position, of imaginative literature in the ethnically plural societies of Trinidad and Guyana in the Caribbean. It examines the extent to which the production of imaginative literature has been marked by the same ethnic divisions which have bedevilled the political, social and cultural life of these societies. For reasons explained in Chapter One, the study focuses mainly on the literature by writers from and about the Indian section of the population. However, the study is concerned not only with the way that the context of ethnic and cultural fragmentation has affected a good deal of the writing produced in these societies, but also with the smaller number of works, mainly of fiction, which contribute to a much-needed understanding of these societies by bringing the lives of both major groups into a common focus. I argue that it is not enough to describe the differences between the two types of writing merely in terms of the presence or absence of ethnocentric biases, and discuss both the conceptual frameworks within which works of fiction may be felt to give'truthfullknowledge and the conventions of representation which most effectively communicate that knowledge to the reader. The thesis is divided into four sections. The first develops the argument that in much of the fiction examined there has been a connexion between ethnocentric biases, an empiricist epistemology and conventions of representation which are defined later as naturalistic. Parts Two and Three present a detailed examination of this proposition by analysing the works of Indian and non-Indian authors. The fourth part discusses those novels which go beyond the presentation of ethnically fragmented images by constructing fictive worlds which attempt to encompass the social whole. Such novels are shown to have a self-awareness of their epistemological and cultural assumptions, and in some cases an awareness that the real but hidden structures of society may only be incompletely or falsely experienced by the novel's characters. I show that such concerns with attempting to portray the real social whole, frequently intersect with an intense involvement, on the part of the author, with the aesthetic structuring and verbal texture of the novel.

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Books on the topic "Easy literature"

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Nakano, Dokuohtei. Easy origami. Harmondsworth: Viking Kestrel, 1985.

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Easy Origami. New York: Mud Puddle Books, 2007.

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Easy Origami. New York: Viking Kestrel, 1985.

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Easy origami. New York, N.Y: Viking Kestrel, 1985.

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Chambers, Mary Meinking. Easy origami. Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2009.

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Denne, Ben. Easy Spanish. London: Usborne, 2008.

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Wingard-Nelson, Rebecca. Geometry, it's easy. Berkeley Heights, N.J: Enslow Publishers, 2014.

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Glaser, Steve A. Internet made easy. Lincolnwood, Ill: Publications International, Ltd., 2003.

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Sarah, Savage, and Petach Heidi ill, eds. Easy science experiments. New York: Scholastic, 1993.

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Easy coin tricks. Mankato, MN: Smart Apple Media, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Easy literature"

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Denroche, Robert, Ramana Madupu, Shibu Yooseph, Granger Sutton, and Hagit Shatkay. "Toward Computer-Assisted Text Curation: Classification Is Easy (Choosing Training Data Can Be Hard...)." In Linking Literature, Information, and Knowledge for Biology, 33–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13131-8_5.

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Nordenstam, Anna, and Christina Olin-Scheller. "Easy Readers for Young Adults in Swedish Classrooms–Learning Material or Literature?" In Textbooks and Educational Media: Perspectives from Subject Education, 330–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80346-9_27.

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Rao, Latha P. "Pharmacotherapy in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 195–215. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_10.

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AbstractThe field of pharmacology has always fascinated medical professionals—the ability to cure a disease by prescribing medicine is very tempting. Medical and surgical specialties benefit from the correct use of drugs, and oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is no exception. Antibiotics, analgesics, and anti-inflammatory drugs are among commonly prescribed medicines in a maxillofacial surgical practice. Umpteen number of literature studies are available on the usage of these medicines in maxillofacial surgery. A review of literature is attempted in this chapter to reach a consensus in matters pertaining to these drugs. The task was in no way an easy one as no two studies compared the same group of medicines or similar pharmacological properties. The key facts, which have emerged from this literature search, have been projected in this chapter.

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Gasser, Lucy. "On World Literature and World Literature Studies." In East and South, 36–45. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003170556-2.

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Holm, Tawny L. "Literature." In A Companion to the Ancient Near East, 253–65. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470997086.ch19.

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Guidolin, Massimo, and Manuela Pedio. "Sharpening the Accuracy of Credit Scoring Models with Machine Learning Algorithms." In Data Science for Economics and Finance, 89–115. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66891-4_5.

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AbstractThe big data revolution and recent advancements in computing power have increased the interest in credit scoring techniques based on artificial intelligence. This has found easy leverage in the fact that the accuracy of credit scoring models has a crucial impact on the profitability of lending institutions. In this chapter, we survey the most popular supervised credit scoring classification methods (and their combinations through ensemble methods) in an attempt to identify a superior classification technique in the light of the applied literature. There are at least three key insights that emerge from surveying the literature. First, as far as individual classifiers are concerned, linear classification methods often display a performance that is at least as good as that of machine learning methods. Second, ensemble methods tend to outperform individual classifiers. However, a dominant ensemble method cannot be easily identified in the empirical literature. Third, despite the possibility that machine learning techniques could fail to outperform linear classification methods when standard accuracy measures are considered, in the end they lead to significant cost savings compared to the financial implications of using different scoring models.

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Murillo-Morales, Tomas, Peter Heumader, and Klaus Miesenberger. "Automatic Assistance to Cognitive Disabled Web Users via Reinforcement Learning on the Browser." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 61–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58805-2_8.

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AbstractThis paper introduces a proof of concept software reasoner that aims to detect whether an individual user is in need of cognitive assistance during a typical Web browsing session. The implemented reasoner is part of the Easy Reading browser extension for Firefox. It aims to infer the user’s current cognitive state by collecting and analyzing user’s physiological data in real time, such as eye tracking, heart beat rate and variability, and blink rate. In addition, when the reasoner determines that the user is in need of help it automatically triggers a support tool appropriate for the individual user and Web content being consumed. By framing the problem as a Markov Decision Process, typical policy control methods found in the Reinforcement Learning literature, such as Q-learning, can be employed to tackle the learning problem.

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Mukhopadhyay, Kakali, and Paul J. Thomassin. "Review of Literature." In Economic and Environmental Impact of Free Trade in East and South East Asia, 23–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3507-3_2.

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Hartl, Sonja. "Mosley, Walter: Die Easy-Rawlins-Romane." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–3. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_14970-1.

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Kim, Won-Chung. "Multicultural Ecocriticism and Korean Ecological Literature." In East Asian Ecocriticisms, 77–90. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137345363_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Easy literature"

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"EASY EDUCATIONAL LITERATURE COMPREHENSION - Applying TermPedia to Information Retrieval Knowledge Domain." In 3rd International Conference on Computer Supported Education. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003346504270432.

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Solaiman, Ellis, Martin Smith, and Joshua Barney. "Building a Formative Assessment System That is Easy to Adopt Yet Supports Long-term Improvement: A Review of the Literature and Design Recommendations." In 9th International Conference on Computer Supported Education. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006339404420449.

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Chirikjian, Gregory S. "Convolution Metrics for Rigid Body Motion." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/mech-5899.

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Abstract Recently, the importance of metrics on the group of rigid body motions has been addressed in a number of works in the kinematics and robotics literature. This paper defines a new kind of metric on motion which is particularly easy to compute. It is shown how this metric is applicable to path generation for rigid body motions.

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Bade, Mukund Haribahu, and Sanjay Kumar Patel. "Energy analysis and conservation opportunities in spray dryers." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7512.

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Dryers are used for removal of moisture from an raw materials (such as effluent) to form a dried solids as per the requirements. For removal of the moisture, energy requirement is huge. Therefore, in this paper, methodology for heat recovery in one of the type of dryers as spray dryers is developed, which is simple and easy to apply. The proposed methodology is illustrated with the help of an example taken from literature. It is observed that the indirect heat recovery method could save energy maximum up to 82 % as compared to literature and 41 % higher than without heat recovery. Keywords: Spray dryer, pinch analysis, heat recovery, effluent drying, energy saving

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Shoup, Terry E. "Using Spreadsheet Modules to Augment the Design and Analysis of Journal Bearings." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/cie-5502.

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Abstract This paper presents three easy-to-use spreadsheet modules in Microsoft Excel ’97 for solving the load and friction problems associated with the design of journal bearings. The modules make use of numerical approximations to data from the literature, and contain numerical interpolation procedures that are highly accurate. These modules allow designs that are more accurate than was possible with previous, graphical methods.

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Arnold, J. F., G. Tremouliere, N. Langlois, and H. Chafouk. "Fuzzy Controller Without Feed-Forward for the Air System of a Diesel Engine." In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2006-1381.

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A new strategy based on a fuzzy multi-variable controller is proposed to regulate both the fresh airflow and the intake manifold pressure. The air system controller requires neither an internal model nor certain feed-forward maps. Taking only into account standard engine measurements, it is intrinsically robust and very easy to tune with respect to strategies proposed in literature. The results obtained with this controller are compared to those of current embedded controllers.

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Williams, Matthew D., Fred van Keulen, and Mark Sheplak. "Modeling of Initially Curved Beam Structures for Design of Multistable MEMS." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11330.

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This article describes a mathematical model and solution methodology for efficiently predicting the many equilibrium paths of an arbitrarily-shaped, pre-curved, clamped beam subjected to arbitrary dead loading. Such structures are common among multistable microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and the presented model provides designers with an easy way to study the effects of loading, shape, and imperfections on beam behavior. Results are presented for switch and actuator applications motivated from the literature.

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Delprete, Cristiana, and Carlo Rosso. "Residual Life Estimation Under Low-Cycle and Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue Conditions: Proposal of a Dedicated Numerical Code." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20458.

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A brief description of the main guidelines of the most common literature damage models is reported; in particular two uniaxial and five multi-axial damage models have been individuated from literature, which can be all used determining five parameters only, with a decisive advantage in terms of experimental effort. A Matlab®-based fatigue code has been purposely developed with the aim to receive in input the stress-strain data obtained by finite element analysis or experimentation and the constitutive parameters of the damage models, providing as output directly the residual fatigue life of the component under investigation. The paper presents the pivotal features of a numerical code, named FAST-Life, purposely developed to make the usage of these literature damage models easy and fast, and summarizes the predictions achieved with respect the estimation of the residual life of a commercial exhaust manifold made by ductile Si-Mo-Cr cast iron.

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Dantas, Emanuel, Ademar Sousa Neto, Mirko Perkusich, Hyggo Almeida, and Angelo Perkusich. "Using Bayesian Networks to Support Managing Technological Risk on Software Projects." In Workshop Brasileiro de Engenharia de Software Inteligente. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/ise.2021.17277.

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Risk management is essential in software project management. It includes activities such as identifying, measuring and monitoring risks. The literature presents different approaches to support software risk management. In particular, the researchers popularly used Bayesian Networks because they can be learned from data or elicited from domain experts. Even though the literature presents many Bayesian networks (BN) for software risk management, none focus on technological risk factors. Given this, this paper presents a BN for managing risks of software projects and the results of a static validation performed through a focus group with eight practitioners. As a result, the practitioners agreed that our proposed to manage technological risks of software projects using BN is valuable and easy to use. Given the successful results, we concluded that the proposed solution is promising.

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Banjac, Milan, Srdjan Milic, and Milan V. Petrovic. "A Simple Model for Thermodynamic Properties of Air and Combustion Gases for Educational Purposes." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57601.

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A new, simple model for the thermodynamic properties of dry air and combustion gases is presented. The model has been developed mainly for educational purposes with the focus on gas turbine cycle calculations included in university courses. The equations used are short and easy to include in a student computer program. This ideal gas model is based on well-known correlations from the open literature and each equation is an approximated fit to an appropriate expression from the original reference. In the new concept, each relation is expressed using a simple algebraic formulation that has an explicit inverse function. Therefore, the numerical result of an inverse function can be obtained directly, without the involvement of any iterative procedure. This simplifies the programming of auxiliary subroutines for thermodynamic properties. It becomes an easy task and the use of complicated models, in basic university courses, is avoided. Long and complex subroutines which are treated as “black boxes” are now excluded from the code, and a program for thermodynamic cycle calculation is then completely written by a student, starting from the very beginning.

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Reports on the topic "Easy literature"

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Hicks, Jacqueline. Environmental Challenges of Digital Transformation in Developing Countries. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.107.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature on the environmental risks of four different aspects of digital transformation in developing countries: ICT adoption, digitally-enabled energy efficiency, ride-hailing apps, and big data use. The overall message which runs throughout the diverse literatures and results is that it is not digital technologies that create environmental risks or opportunities, but how they are used. Efficiency gains derived from digital transformation may yet lead developing countries down existing unsustainable development paths if not accompanied by careful, context-dependent policy. For policy-makers seeking to mitigate environmental risks, this means putting the context of digital use at the centre of analysis rather than the technologies themselves. However, the research literature covers more specific aspects of digital transformation. In practice, this report defines digital transformation as: ICT adoption, digitally-enabled energy efficiency, ride-hailing apps, and big data use. These topics were chosen after an initial scoping review of available literature, and because they exemplify a range of the different types of potential digital effects. The literature on the environmental risks of digital transformation is huge and conflicting. This is problematic because it could be easy to cherry pick preferred research results. Several studies noted that there is less research on developing countries than developed countries, but the evidence base is still large. As an evidence review, this report focused on the academic literature, but there is also a large grey literature. Some of the literature has a gender aspect, not covered in this report.

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Njoroge, Brian, Alice Mwangi, Alex Okoth, Cynthia Wakadha, Linda Obwao, Billian Amusala, Maria Muithya, et al. Literature review on selected factors influencing Iron Folic Acid Supplementation in Kenya and East Africa. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/wp0041.

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Harris, Gregory, Brooke Hatchell, Davelin Woodard, and Dwayne Accardo. Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine for Reduction of Postoperative Delirium in the Elderly: A Scoping Review. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0010.

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Background/Purpose: Post-operative delirium leads to significant morbidity in elderly patients, yet there is no regimen to prevent POD. Opioid use in the elderly surgical population is of the most significant risk factors for developing POD. The purpose of this scoping review is to recognize that Dexmedetomidine mitigates cognitive dysfunction secondary to acute pain and the use of narcotic analgesia by decreasing the amount of norepinephrine (an excitatory neurotransmitter) released during times of stress. This mechanism of action also provides analgesia through decreased perception and modulation of pain. Methods: The authors developed eligibility criteria for inclusion of articles and performed a systematic search of several databases. Each of the authors initially selected five articles for inclusion in the scoping review. We created annotated literature tables for easy screening by co-authors. After reviewing the annotated literature table four articles were excluded, leaving 11 articles for inclusion in the scoping review. There were six level I meta-analysis/systematic reviews, four level II randomized clinical trials, and one level IV qualitative research article. Next, we created a data-charting form on Microsoft Word for extraction of data items and synthesis of results. Results: Two of the studies found no significant difference in POD between dexmedetomidine groups and control groups. The nine remaining studies noted decreases in the rate, duration, and risk of POD in the groups receiving dexmedetomidine either intraoperatively or postoperatively. Multiple studies found secondary benefits in addition to decreased POD, such as a reduction of tachycardia, hypertension, stroke, hypoxemia, and narcotic use. One study, however, found that the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia were increased among the elderly population. Implications for Nursing Practice: Surgery is a tremendous stressor in any age group, but especially the elderly population. It has been shown postoperative delirium occurs in 17-61% of major surgery procedures with 30-40% of the cases assumed to be preventable. Opioid administration in the elderly surgical population is one of the most significant risk factors for developing POD. With anesthesia practice already leaning towards opioid-free and opioid-limited anesthetic, the incorporation of dexmedetomidine could prove to be a valuable resource in both reducing opioid use and POD in the elderly surgical population. Although more research is needed, the current evidence is promising.

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Herbert, Siân. Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary No.28. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.008.

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The fortnightly Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary aim to signpost the UK Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office (FCDO) and other UK government departments to the latest evidence and opinions on Covid-19 (C19), to inform and support their responses. This summary features resources on C19’s unequal impacts and policy responses; responses to build long-term resilience to both conflict and pandemics; responses to support forcibly displaced people in Africa and the Middle East; and the implications of C19 for international development cooperation in 2021. Many of the core C19 themes continue to be covered this week, including C19 increasing gender-based violence; whether regime type shapes effective C19 responses; and whether and how C19 is shaping conflict contexts. The summary uses two main sections – (1) literature: – this includes policy papers, academic articles, and long-form articles that go deeper than the typical blog; and (2) blogs & news articles. It is the result of one day of work and is thus indicative but not comprehensive of all issues or publications.

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Herbert, Sian. Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary No.29. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.020.

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This fortnightly Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary aims to signpost the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) and other UK government departments to the latest evidence and opinions on Covid-19 (C19), to inform and support their responses. Based on feedback from the recent survey, and analysis by the Xcept project, this edition, as a trial, focusses less on the challenges that C19 poses, and more on more on the policy responses to these challenges. The below summary features resources on legislative leadership during the C19 crisis; and the heightening of risks emanating from C19’s indirect impacts – including non-C19 healthcare, economy and food security, and women and girls and unrest and instability. Many of the core C19 themes continue to be covered this week, including anti-corruption approaches; and whether and how C19 is shaping conflict dynamics (this time with articles focussing on Northwestern Nigeria, Myanmar’s Rakhine State, and the Middle East). The summary uses two main sections – (1) literature: – this includes policy papers, academic articles, and long-form articles that go deeper than the typical blog; and (2) blogs & news articles. It is the result of one day of work and is thus indicative but not comprehensive of all issues or publications.

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Tull, Kerina. Social Inclusion and Immunisation. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.025.

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The current COVID-19 epidemic is both a health and societal issue; therefore, groups historically excluded and marginalised in terms of healthcare will suffer if COVID-19 vaccines, tests, and treatments are to be delivered equitably. This rapid review is exploring the social and cultural challenges related to the roll-out, distribution, and access of COVID-19 vaccines, tests, and treatments. It highlights how these challenges impact certain marginalised groups. Case studies are taken from sub-Saharan Africa (the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa), with some focus on South East Asia (Indonesia, India) as they have different at-risk groups. Lessons on this issue can be learned from previous pandemics and vaccine roll-out in low- and mid-income countries (LMICs). Key points to highlight include successful COVID-19 vaccine roll-out will only be achieved by ensuring effective community engagement, building local vaccine acceptability and confidence, and overcoming cultural, socio-economic, and political barriers that lead to mistrust and hinder uptake of vaccines. However, the literature notes that a lot of lessons learned about roll-out involve communication - including that the government should under-promise what it can do and then over-deliver. Any campaign must aim to create trust, and involve local communities in planning processes.

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McCarthy, Noel, Eileen Taylor, Martin Maiden, Alison Cody, Melissa Jansen van Rensburg, Margaret Varga, Sophie Hedges, et al. Enhanced molecular-based (MLST/whole genome) surveillance and source attribution of Campylobacter infections in the UK. Food Standards Agency, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ksj135.

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This human campylobacteriosis sentinel surveillance project was based at two sites in Oxfordshire and North East England chosen (i) to be representative of the English population on the Office for National Statistics urban-rural classification and (ii) to provide continuity with genetic surveillance started in Oxfordshire in October 2003. Between October 2015 and September 2018 epidemiological questionnaires and genome sequencing of isolates from human cases was accompanied by sampling and genome sequencing of isolates from possible food animal sources. The principal aim was to estimate the contributions of the main sources of human infection and to identify any changes over time. An extension to the project focussed on antimicrobial resistance in study isolates and older archived isolates. These older isolates were from earlier years at the Oxfordshire site and the earliest available coherent set of isolates from the national archive at Public Health England (1997/8). The aim of this additional work was to analyse the emergence of the antimicrobial resistance that is now present among human isolates and to describe and compare antimicrobial resistance in recent food animal isolates. Having identified the presence of bias in population genetic attribution, and that this was not addressed in the published literature, this study developed an approach to adjust for bias in population genetic attribution, and an alternative approach to attribution using sentinel types. Using these approaches the study estimated that approximately 70% of Campylobacter jejuni and just under 50% of C. coli infection in our sample was linked to the chicken source and that this was relatively stable over time. Ruminants were identified as the second most common source for C. jejuni and the most common for C. coli where there was also some evidence for pig as a source although less common than ruminant or chicken. These genomic attributions of themselves make no inference on routes of transmission. However, those infected with isolates genetically typical of chicken origin were substantially more likely to have eaten chicken than those infected with ruminant types. Consumption of lamb’s liver was very strongly associated with infection by a strain genetically typical of a ruminant source. These findings support consumption of these foods as being important in the transmission of these infections and highlight a potentially important role for lamb’s liver consumption as a source of Campylobacter infection. Antimicrobial resistance was predicted from genomic data using a pipeline validated by Public Health England and using BIGSdb software. In C. jejuni this showed a nine-fold increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones from 1997 to 2018. Tetracycline resistance was also common, with higher initial resistance (1997) and less substantial change over time. Resistance to aminoglycosides or macrolides remained low in human cases across all time periods. Among C. jejuni food animal isolates, fluoroquinolone resistance was common among isolates from chicken and substantially less common among ruminants, ducks or pigs. Tetracycline resistance was common across chicken, duck and pig but lower among ruminant origin isolates. In C. coli resistance to all four antimicrobial classes rose from low levels in 1997. The fluoroquinolone rise appears to have levelled off earlier and among animals, levels are high in duck as well as chicken isolates, although based on small sample sizes, macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance, was substantially higher than for C. jejuni among humans and highest among pig origin isolates. Tetracycline resistance is high in isolates from pigs and the very small sample from ducks. Antibiotic use following diagnosis was relatively high (43.4%) among respondents in the human surveillance study. Moreover, it varied substantially across sites and was highest among non-elderly adults compared to older adults or children suggesting opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study also found evidence for stable lineages over time across human and source animal species as well as some tighter genomic clusters that may represent outbreaks. The genomic dataset will allow extensive further work beyond the specific goals of the study. This has been made accessible on the web, with access supported by data visualisation tools.

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Advancing girls' education in light of COVID-19 in East Africa: A synthesis report. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2021.1014.

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More than a billion students around the world have been affected by school closures in the past year and a half (March 2020 to August 2021) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The persistence of the pandemic and the severity of the risks posed by the disruption of education necessitate a strong understanding of the present state of girls’ education in East Africa. This study aimed to understand the current problems posed by COVID-19 for girls’ education in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda; identify the gaps in understanding with regard to these problems; and illuminate solutions. The study is based on a rapid desk review of peer-reviewed and grey literature, coupled with nearly 30 key informant interviews with a range of East African organizations working on education and/or gender issues. These methods were complemented by an interactive, participatory workshop in which interviewees and other education stakeholders validated and supplemented the initial study results. Key findings from the study are summarized in this report.

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