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Christopulos, Jesse Carin. "Oppression through obsession: A feminist theoretical critique of eating disorders." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1019.
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Silver, Lorraine Patricia. "Eating behaviors and weight control techniques among female collegiate athletes." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/902471.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of abnormal eating behaviors and weight control techniques in female collegiate varsity athletes at Ball State University. A modified version of the The Michigan State University (MSU) Weight Control Survey was the instrument which was used to survey the athletes. Data were collected from 79 athletes, who represented six sports (field hockey, gymnastics, softball, tennis, track & field, and volleyball). The mean age of subjects was 20.0 years. Multivariate tests of significance were conducted to see whether or not there were any statistical differences among athletes according to their sport participation. Height was the only variable that revealed statistical significance (p=.002). Body Mass Index (BMI) showed that 63 (80.7%) athletes fell into the desirable range of 19-24 for person's aged 19 through 24 years. A total of 49 (63.0%) athletes reported that they had attempted to lose weight during the preceding year. Approximately 80% of respondents believed diet pills, vomiting, laxatives, diuretic pills, fasting and drinking less fluids to be dangerous weight loss methods. Eating fewer snacks, exercising more, and counting fat grams were the most common methods of weight control that had been tried. Thirteen athletes reported that they had used at least one (fasting, vomiting, laxatives, diet pills, syrup of ipecac, and/or drinking less fluids) harmful method to control body weight.Department of Physiology and Health Science
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Johnston, L. O. "Eating, exercise and body regulation across the lifespan : a qualitative approach." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390874.
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Lewis, Michele D. "Menstrual cycle dysfunction and weight loss practices among college-age women." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11012008-063217/.
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Rea, Jessica. "Weight Loss Methods and Eating Disorder Risk Factors in Collegiate Wrestlers." Thesis, Indiana State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1545775.
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Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the weight loss of collegiate wrestlers and assess their risk for eating disorders (ED). Methods: Wrestlers were recruited by contacting the athletic trainer (AT) at the institution they wrestled. ATs who agreed to participate were sent an electronic link containing a survey, 143 wrestlers provided usable data. The survey was created from two surveys one allows the athlete to describe his eating behaviors and the ATHLETE questionnaire which measures risk for ED. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and frequencies. Results: 76.6% of wrestlers indicated binge eating; eating behaviors are similar to those in previous literature including gradual dieting, restricting food/fluids, fasting, and exercise. Wrestlers in this study do not appear to be at risk for ED. Clinical applicability: Wrestlers display dangerous eating behaviors but are not at risk for ED. Key Words: Disordered eating, anorexia, bulimia, body image.
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McCallister, Megan A. "Effects of a health program on dietary behaviors, physical activity, and weight loss in college students /." View online, 2008. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131499119.pdf.
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Maertens, Julie Ann. "Problematic Eating and Weight Control Behaviors Among Native Americans: A Meta-Analytic Review." Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/maertens/MaertensJ0506.pdf.
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A ubiquitous clinical stereotype has conventionally associated eating pathology with White, upper-class girls and women. However, recent studies suggest that problem eating behavior and use of unhealthy weight control techniques span many ethnic and socioeconomic groups. High rates of obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes suggest that unhealthy eating behaviors may be a particularly serious problem among Native American youth and adults. This meta-analytic review of studies reporting the prevalence of specific eating practices among Native American participants reveals that on average, 18% of Native Americans report engaging in pathologic eating and weight control behaviors. Additionally, nearly half of Native Americans report body dissatisfaction, while 10% report chronic dieting, despite normal body mass index. Finally, compared to their White counterparts, Native Americans are significantly more likely to report body dissatisfaction, pathologic weight control methods, as well as binge eating. Study limitations and future considerations are discussed.
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Sampaio, Danielle. "The relational world of anorexia nervosa : a phenomenological exploration into the experiences of pursued weight loss amongst women." Thesis, Regent's University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646069.
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Aims: This thesis aims to illuminate the experiences of 8 women between the ages of 22-60 who have experienced anorexia nervosa. In particular, the aim is to understand their relationship to food within the context of their wider lived world and relationships. The meaning that anorexic behaviours carried for participants is also looked at in detail. Additionally, attention is paid to the experience of any change that has occurred with their relationship to food, themselves and others. Method: Data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. This method allows for in-depth data to be gathered on participants’ unique experiences, whilst uncovering commonalities of themes within a homogenous sample group. Embracing reflexivity as a researcher is an equally important part of this thesis. There is a continual engagement with my personal and professional values, beliefs and potential biases that could have influenced the findings of this thesis. Findings: The analysis produced five master themes: 1) Problematic Relationships within the Family, 2) Challenging Relationships and Experiences with the Wider World, 3) A Conflicted Relationship between the Physical and Psychological Sense of Self, 4) A Meaningful Relationship with Food, 5) The Role and Influence of Others in the Process of Change. Discussion: The importance of understanding anorexia nervosa within the context of participants’ wider past and present experiences and relationships was notable. This includes understanding how anorexia relates to their relationship with themselves and their fragile sense of self. There is a perceived need to work collaboratively as counselling psychologists, to ensure that clients have access to a range of therapeutic interventions which focus not just on symptom alleviation, but on deeper problematic relationships.
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Vavra, Samantha. "Weighing in on Eating Disorders: Collegiate Swimming Coaches' Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Eating Disorders and Unhealthy Weight Loss Behaviors in Female Athletes." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/328032.
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KinesiologyM.S.
This study examined collegiate swimming coaches' knowledge and attitudes towards eating disorders and unhealthy weight loss practices within their athletes along with their perceptions of sport specific pressures in swimming. I used a modified version of the 2003 NCAA Questionnaire for Collegiate Coaches of Female Student-Athletes developed and utilized by Sherman, Thompson, Dehass, and Wilfret. I used email to distribute the link to an online version of the survey, and used SPSS to analyze the data. The results suggest that NCAA Division I, II, and III collegiate swimming coaches are aware of the prevalence along with the fact that that athletes do participate in unhealthy weight loss practices and suffer from eating disorders. This study suggests that many coaches are knowledgeable about this topic, but I was unable to conclude whether swimmers experience sport specific pressures that put them at higher risk for or lead to eating disorders. Both participant gender and NCAA division coached were found to present statistically significant differences in survey responses. Despite results being statistically significant, results are consistent with previous research examining eating disorders in sport. Results were not able to conclude if swimmers experience sport specific pressures leading to the development of eating disorders. It is hoped that future research will continue to examine the link between specific sports and the development of ED, as well as focus on providing coaches with more knowledge and education on this topic.
Temple University--Theses
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Thompson, Alexandra J. "Longitudinal Prevalence of Disordered Eating and Weight Control Behaviors in Female Collegiate Athletes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822790/.
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Female collegiate athletes have been established as a high-risk group for the development of eating disorders due to the high prevalence rates of clinical and subclinical eating disorders, which have ranged from 1.9% to 16.6% and 4.0% to 26.1%, respectively. Collegiate athletes appear to meet criteria for ED-NOS more often than anorexia or bulimia nervosa, and frequently engage in pathogenic weight control behaviors (e.g., dieting, excessive exercise). To date, only a few studies have examined the long-term stability of eating disorders in collegiate female athletes. The current study investigated the prevalence of eating disorders (i.e., eating disordered, symptomatic, and asymptomatic) and pathogenic weight control behaviors (e.g, binging, vomiting, laxative use) in 325 NCAA-DI female collegiate gymnasts and swimmers/divers across two time points – the beginning of their competitive seasons (Time 1) and during the final two weeks of their competitive seasons (Time 2). By Time 2, 90% of the athletes classified as eating disordered at Time 1 (n = 20) maintained clinical or subclinical eating disturbances. Of the 83 athletes originally symptomatic, 37.3% remained so and 10.8% became eating disordered. Significantly more athletes became satisfied with their bodies over the course of the season than became dissatisfied. The athletes reported using exercise and dieting/fasting as the most frequent forms of weight control behaviors, each of which were used less frequently at Time 2 than at Time 1. The results support overall stability of eating disorder behaviors and classification over the course of a competitive season. Limitations and implications are discussed.
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King, Laura. "Weight perception and the use of unhealthy weight loss tactics among adults in the United States: A Cross-Sectional study of NHANES data, 2000-2006." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1808.
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Introduction: Weight dissatisfaction and misperception are widespread problems in the United States as are unhealthy weight loss practices. These negative body image issues can lead to eating disorders which have serious health and quality of life consequences. Objective: To evaluate the extent to which the prevalence of distorted body image and unhealthy dieting tactics exist in adults in the US and how these are related. Methods: Data from NHANES 2000-20006 on adults aged 20-59 was used. Weight perception was assessed with the physical exam measurements of weight status and the weight history questionnaire item asking if the person considered him or herself to be underweight, normal weight or overweight. Weight loss techniques were assessed with the weight history questionnaire items asking what methods they used if they tried to lose weight. Respondents were classified as having a weight perception discord if their perception was greater than actual weight status, and as having a concord in all other cases. Results: The total sample was 6,022. 10% had a perception discord and 15% used unhealthy weight loss practices. After adjustment, a significant relationship between a perception discord and behaviors was not found--this held true for both men and women. Discussion and Conclusion: Our results were similar overall to past studies; our inability to find a relationship could have been hampered by stigma associated with the subject matter. There are clearly other factors related to the adoption of unhealthy weight loss behaviors, which need to be determined.
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Dinicola, Jennifer Ann, and Tamara Ann Pine. "Eating disorders and early attachment difficulties." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1937.
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Almenara, Carlos A., Hana Machackova, and David Smahel. "Sociodemographic, Attitudinal, and Behavioral Correlates of Using Nutrition, Weight Loss, and Fitness Websites: An Online Survey." JMIR Publications, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626067.
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BACKGROUND:
Nutrition, diet, and fitness are among the most searched health topics by internet users. Besides that, health-related internet users are diverse in their motivations and individual characteristics. However, little is known about the individual characteristics associated with the usage of nutrition, weight loss, and fitness websites.
OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to examine the individual factors associated with the usage of nutrition, weight loss, and fitness websites.
METHODS:
An invitation to an online survey was published on 65 websites and discussion forums. In total, we employed data from 623 participants (aged 13 to 39 years, mean 24.11 [SD 5.26]). The measures included frequency of usage of nutrition, weight loss and fitness websites, excessive exercise, eating disorder symptomatology, internalization of the beauty ideal, weight status, and perceived online social support. Participants' data were used as predictors in a base linear regression model.
RESULTS:
The final model had an acceptable fit (χ210 =14.1; P=.17; root mean square error of approximation=0.03; comparative fit index=0.99; Tucker-Lewis index=0.99). Positive associations were found between usage of (1) nutrition websites and being female, higher levels of excessive exercise, and perceived online social support; (2) weight loss websites and excessive exercise, internalization, being female, eating disorder symptomatology, and being overweight or obese; and (3) fitness websites and levels of excessive exercise, internalization, and frequency of internet use.
CONCLUSIONS:
The results highlighted the importance of individual differences in the usage of health-related websites.Revisón por pares
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Baghestani, Shireen Palmer. "“It’s Good to be Thin”: The Impact of Metaphor on Our Beliefs about Diet and Exercise." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1231049883.
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Courtmanche, Mia Jill. "Assement of Change in Fruit and Vegetable Intakes and Exercise Behavior of College Students Following an Online Intervention." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/CourtmancheMJ2009.pdf.
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Jeffers, Amy J. "NON-MEDICAL USE OF PRESCRIPTION STIMULANTS FOR WEIGHT LOSS: PREDICTORS, CONSEQUENCES, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERVENTION IN A NATIONAL YOUNG ADULT SAMPLE." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4577.
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The non-medical use of prescription drugs is an important public health concern. Non-medical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS), specifically medications used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is particularly concerning. One timely concern regarding NMUPS, especially among young adults, is their role in appetite suppression/weight loss. Indeed, some individuals are motivated to misuse such drugs for the purpose of losing weight. Engaging in NMUPS for weight loss has been examined only minimally in the research literature. However, extant data demonstrate that this behavior is associated with other unhealthy behaviors and poor psychosocial health. Limitations of prior research include the exclusive use of college student samples and little attention to relevant health behavior theory. The current study investigated NMUPS for weight loss in a national, young adult sample (n = 1526), ages 18-25 years, utilizing Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Motivations and attitudes about NMUPS were evaluated, within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A structural equation model (SEM) was analyzed, which included attitudes; social norms; and perceived behavioral control (PBC) to lose weight without stimulants, as predictors of engaging in past year NMUPS for weight loss. Approximately 12.0% of participants reported lifetime NMUPS for weight loss, and of these, 48.4% reported past year use. Findings demonstrate that use is related to disordered eating and unhealthy weight loss behaviors, including vomiting; high rates of other substance use; and psychological concerns, including body dissatisfaction and depressive symptomatology. These results suggest that NMUPS for weight loss is associated with a variety of negative consequences and users are not well-informed regarding medication knowledge. The SEM provided adequate overall fit to the data; two of the four social norms and both PBC factors were significantly associated with NMUPS for weight loss. This study extends the literature on the utility of the TPB in examining NMUPS, and provides the first research on utilizing the TPB to examine NMUPS for weight loss. Methods aimed at increasing PBC regarding stimulant use and weight loss, and emphasizing healthful and sustaining weight loss strategies, improving mental health, and educating about polysubstance use are potential intervention targets.
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Hilbert, Anja, Thomas Hildebrandt, W. Stewart Agras, Denise E. Wilfley, and G. Terence Wilson. "Rapid response in psychological treatments for binge-eating disorder." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-223542.
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Objective: Analysis of short- and long-term effects of rapid response across three different treatments for binge-eating disorder (BED). Method: In a randomized clinical study comparing interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), cognitive-behavioral guided self-help (CBTgsh), and behavioral weight loss (BWL) treatment in 205 adults meeting DSM-IV criteria for BED, the predictive value of rapid response, defined as ≥ 70% reduction in binge-eating by week four, was determined for remission from binge-eating and global eating disorder psychopathology at posttreatment, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month follow-up. Results: Rapid responders in CBTgsh, but not in IPT or BWL, showed significantly greater rates of remission from binge-eating than non-rapid responders, which was sustained over the long term. Rapid and non-rapid responders in IPT and rapid responders in CBTgsh showed a greater remission from binge-eating than non-rapid responders in CBTgsh and BWL. Rapid responders in CBTgsh showed greater remission from binge-eating than rapid responders in BWL. Although rapid responders in all treatments had lower global eating disorder psychopathology than non-rapid responders in the short term, rapid responders in CBTgsh and IPT were more improved than those in BWL and non-rapid responders in each treatment. Rapid responders in BWL did not differ from non-rapid responders in CBTgsh and IPT. Conclusions: Rapid response is a treatment-specific positive prognostic indicator of sustained remission from binge-eating in CBTgsh. Regarding an evidence-based stepped care model, IPT, equally efficacious for rapid and non-rapid responders, could be investigated as a second-line treatment in case of non-rapid response to first-line CBTgsh.
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Gumble, Amanda. "The Relationship between Self-Determined Motivation, Dietary Restraint, and Disinhibition and their Impact on Eating Behaviors, Weight Loss, and Weight Loss Maintenance in a Behavioral Weight Loss Program." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1250791664.
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Hübner, Claudia, Sabrina Baldofski, Ross D. Crosby, Astrid Müller, Martina de Zwaan, and Anja Hilbert. "Weight-related teasing and non-normative eating behaviors as predictors of weight loss maintenance." Appetite (2016), 102, S. 25-31, 2016. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13680.
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Weight loss maintenance is essential for the reduction of obesity-related health impairments. However, only a minority of individuals successfully maintain reduced weight in the long term. Research has provided initial evidence for associations between weight-related teasing (WRT) and greater non-normative eating behaviors. Further, first evidence was found for associations between non-normative eating behaviors and weight loss maintenance. Hence, the present study aimed to examine the predictive value of WRT for weight loss maintenance and the role of non-normative eating behaviors as possible mediators of this relationship. The study was part of the German Weight Control Registry that prospectively followed individuals who had intentionally lost at least 10% of their maximum weight and had maintained this reduced weight for at least one year. In N = 381 participants, retrospective WRT during childhood and adolescence, current non-normative eating behaviors (i.e., restrained, external, emotional eating), and change in body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) over two years were examined using self-report assessments. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the assumed mediational relationship. As a result, a greater effect of retrospective WRT during childhood and adolescence predicted less successful adult weight loss maintenance over two years. Current emotional eating fully mediated this relationship while current restrained and external eating yielded no mediational effects. Hence, a greater effect of WRT predicted greater current emotional eating, which in turn predicted a smaller decrease or a greater increase in BMI. Our findings suggest that suffering from WRT during childhood and adolescence might lead to emotional eating which in turn impairs long-term weight loss maintenance. Thus, our results highlight the need for interventions aiming at reducing weight stigmatization and targeting emotional eating for successful long-term weight loss maintenance.
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Hübner, Claudia, Sabrina Baldofski, Ross D. Crosby, Astrid Müller, Martina de Zwaan, and Anja Hilbert. "Weight-related teasing and non-normative eating behaviors as predictors of weight loss maintenance." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-203526.
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Weight loss maintenance is essential for the reduction of obesity-related health impairments. However, only a minority of individuals successfully maintain reduced weight in the long term. Research has provided initial evidence for associations between weight-related teasing (WRT) and greater non-normative eating behaviors. Further, first evidence was found for associations between non-normative eating behaviors and weight loss maintenance. Hence, the present study aimed to examine the predictive value of WRT for weight loss maintenance and the role of non-normative eating behaviors as possible mediators of this relationship. The study was part of the German Weight Control Registry that prospectively followed individuals who had intentionally lost at least 10% of their maximum weight and had maintained this reduced weight for at least one year. In N = 381 participants, retrospective WRT during childhood and adolescence, current non-normative eating behaviors (i.e., restrained, external, emotional eating), and change in body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) over two years were examined using self-report assessments. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the assumed mediational relationship. As a result, a greater effect of retrospective WRT during childhood and adolescence predicted less successful adult weight loss maintenance over two years. Current emotional eating fully mediated this relationship while current restrained and external eating yielded no mediational effects. Hence, a greater effect of WRT predicted greater current emotional eating, which in turn predicted a smaller decrease or a greater increase in BMI. Our findings suggest that suffering from WRT during childhood and adolescence might lead to emotional eating which in turn impairs long-term weight loss maintenance. Thus, our results highlight the need for interventions aiming at reducing weight stigmatization and targeting emotional eating for successful long-term weight loss maintenance.
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Patel, Kishor Kantilal. "Physiological aspects of weight loss in obesity." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12052/.
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Obesity continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality and worldwide prevalence rates continue to rise. The cornerstone for treating obesity remains diet and lifestyle, with the ultimate goal being normalising those parameters that are associated with ill health, for example hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance. Because obesity predominantly develops due to a mismatch between energy intake and utilisation, this thesis looked at the effects of dietary interventions upon Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) and substrate oxidation. In addition, the impact of popular dietary interventions upon body composition and insulin resistance was examined. When phenotypic characteristics were investigated before and after weight loss by using hypocaloric diets, which differed in fat and carbohydrate content, Fat-Free Mass (FFM) and Fat Mass (FM), were strong predictors of REE before and after the intervention and weight loss rather than the specific dietary intervention, significantly predicted post intervention REE. Fasting fat oxidation was found to be lower in obese subjects and they had a lower postprandial response to a high fat challenge. This implied that a diet high in fat is more likely to promote a positive energy balance an ultimate weight gain. The final study compared 4 popular dietary interventions. Each was equally effective at achieving clinically significant weight loss and improvements in insulin sensitivity. Although none was significantly more superior, there was a trend supporting three of the diets (Atkins’, Weight Watchers and Rosemary Conley) above the other (Slim-Fast) and it was the pattern of weight loss, i.e. mainly loss of FM, which proved beneficial with regards to improving insulin sensitivity. In summary, this thesis confirms that REE is mainly predicted by FFM and FM and that there is diminished fat oxidation on obese subjects. What this thesis also adds to previous research that it if a specific diet can improve the pattern of weight loss, this can be clinically beneficial.
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Lorefält, Birgitta. "Weight loss in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease /." Linköping : Univ, 2005. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2005/med896s.pdf.
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Wood, Kerry V. "The role of social-cognitions and eating behaviours for weight loss." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.583326.
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The two most common forms of obesity management are currently behavioural and surgical interventions. This research aimed to explore the impact of behavioural and surgical interventions on weight loss outcome and to assess the mechanisms of change involved in this process with a focus on social cognitions, adaptive and maladaptive eating. The thesis consists of three studies which were designed using the Health Action Process Approach model as a theoretical framework. For study one a longitudinal design was adopted and data were collected from individuals undergoing behavioural and surgical weight loss interventions pre-treatment, at three months and six months post-treatment. Part one investigated the differences in social-cognitions between individuals undergoing behavioural and surgical interventions and parts two to four investigated predictors of adaptive and maladaptive eating and their role in weight loss. Building on this, study two used a qualitative design to investigate the long-term experience of patients undergoing surgery for weight loss with a particular focus on eating behaviour. Finally, study three was a Randomised Controlled Trial of a planning prompt to enhance weight reduction in individuals undergoing surgical weight loss interventions. Overall results showed that obese participants having either surgery or behavioural interventions vary along a number of different dimensions and that the roles of eating behaviours for the prediction of weight loss differ in these two populations. Not only does the mode of management influence the success of patient outcomes, but also the changes in the mechanisms necessary to bring about these outcomes. Based on the results of the studies it would seem that when trying to understand weight loss, a single model such as the HAP A although useful for study design, cannot be applied to all populations and that not only do the weightings given to different components vary between populations but also the associations between components and outcomes.
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Wott, Carissa B. "Do Psychological Distress and Maladaptive Eating Patterns Mediate the Relationship Between Overt Weight Stigma and Weight Loss Treatment Outcomes?" Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1251927355.
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Vaught, Joy Ann. "EXPLORING NEW APPROACHES FOR WEIGHT LOSS MAINTENANCE: INTUITIVE EATING AND EMOTIONAL BRAIN TRAINING." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/26.
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While traditional behavioral weight loss programs have been successful at producing weight loss, weight maintenance is difficult to achieve. Addressing stress, one major contributing factor in weight gain, may be a potential solution. The purpose of this study was to test a stress-management program (EBT) for changes in weight and blood pressure, and maintenance of those changes. Obese adults (N=33) were randomized to two weight loss groups for a seven-week intervention and a seven-week follow-up period: an intuitive eating group or a stress management group. The intuitive eating group did not have any statistically significant changes in weight or blood pressure at seven or 14 weeks. The stress management group had significant changes at seven weeks in weight (p=0.05) and systolic (p=0.005) and diastolic (p=0.05) blood pressure. Weight decreased by 2.9 pounds at seven weeks and decreased a total of 4.4 pounds over the 14 weeks (p=0.05) in the EBT group. The EBT approach appears promising for weight loss and weight maintenance. More research with larger samples sizes and longer trial periods need to be done in order to draw a conclusion on the usefulness of this intervention.
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Volpe, Joanne Jackson. "Relationships Between Serum Leptin and Bone Mineral with Eating Restraint or Weight Loss." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34457.
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High body weight seems protective of bone mass, specifically bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), thereby reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Cognitive eating restraint (CER), diet composition, and the satiety hormone, leptin, produced by adipocytes, are associated with body mass and may also influence bone mass. Few studies have examined these relationships. To investigate the relationship between leptin and CER score, 36 premenopausal, healthy weight women, as defined by body mass index (BMI) of 18-25 kg/m2, aged 18-25 years were studied. Women were categorized by baseline Eating Inventory questionnaire scores into either the high CER group (score > 9, n = 20) or low CER group (score < 9, n = 16). Serum leptin concentration was significantly lower in the low CER group versus high CER group at baseline. A positive relationship between serum leptin concentration and body fat mass and body fat % in normal weight women despite differences in CER scores was observed. In a separate study, overweight and obese women, (BMI > 25 to < 43 kg/m2), aged 32-45 years, were randomly assigned to either a low-carbohydrate, high-protein (LCHP) or low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LFHC) diet for 12 weeks. Serum leptin concentration was significantly greater in the LCHP versus the LFHC diet group at 12 weeks (p < 0.05). Over time, significant decreases in serum leptin concentration, BMI, body weight, total lean mass, total fat mass, and body fat % were observed in both diet groups. Serum leptin concentration was positively associated with body weight, fat mass, and body fat % regardless of diet consumed. Both studies are novel in their respective populations and show no direct link between leptin and bone mass when considered in the context of CER or diet composition.Master of Science
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Pascual, Rebecca W. "Diet Quality and Micronutrient Intake in Long-Term Weight Loss Maintainers." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2058.
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Objective: This study’s purpose was to examine dietary quality, macronutrient intake, and micronutrient adequacy among long term weight loss maintainers (WLM) in a commercial weight management program.
Methods: Participants were 1,207 WLM in WW (formerly Weight Watchers) who had maintained a 9.1 kg or greater weight loss (29.7 kg on average) for 3.4 years, and had an average BMI of 28.3 kg/m2. A control group of weight stable adults with obesity (Controls; N=102) had a BMI of 41.1 kg/m2 and 2.3 kg or less weight change over the previous five years.
Results: WLM vs. Controls had a 10.1 point higher HEI-2015 score (70.2 [69.7 - 70.7] vs 60.1 [58.4 - 61.8], respectively; p=0.0001) in analyses that adjusted for group difference in demographic factors. WLM versus Controls had a significantly higher average percentage of calories from carbohydrates (50.3% [49.7 - 50.8] vs 46.7% [44.8 - 48.7], respectively; p=0.0001) and protein (18.2% [18.0-18.5] vs 15.9% [15.1-16.6], respectively; p=0.0001) and lower percentage of calories from fat (32.3% [31.9-32.8] vs 37.4% [35.8-38.9], respectively; p=0.0001). Examining micronutrients, WLM had significantly higher odds for meeting the EAR for copper (OR=5.8 [2.6-13.1]; p=0.0001), magnesium (OR=2.9 [1.8-4.7]; p=0.0001), potassium (OR=4.7 [1.4-16.5]; p=0.015), vitamin A (OR=2.8 [1.7-4.8]; p=0.0001), thiamin (OR=2.3 [1.3-4.1]; p=0.003), riboflavin (OR=6.5 [2.2-19.3]; p=0.001), vitamin B6 (OR=2.91 [1.6-5.2]; p=0.0001), vitamin C (OR=5.0 [2.8-8.8]; p=0.0001), folate (OR=2.2 [1.3-3.7]; p=0.003), and vitamin E (OR=1.8 [1.1-2.8]; p=0.014) and didn’t differ in calcium (OR=1.15 [0.7-1.7]; p=0.823), iron (OR=1.9 [0.8-4.6]; p=0.151), phosphorus (OR=2.0 [0.9-4.5]; p=0.101), selenium (OR=1.6 [0.6-3.8]; p=0.332), zinc (OR=1.7 [0.9-3.0]; p=0.095), niacin (B3) (OR=1.9 [0.8-4.1]; p=0.136), vitamin B12 (OR=1.2 [0.5-2.8]; p=0.625), and vitamin D (OR=1.5 [0.9-2.4]; p=0.09).
Conclusions In a widely available commercial program, WLM consumed a healthier and more micronutrient rich diet than adults who were weight stable with obesity. Future research is needed to examine whether improved micronutrient status among WLM reduces risk of chronic disease.
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Peterson, Rachel. "FOOD FOR THOUGHT: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THOUGHT SUPPRESSION AND WEIGHT CONTROL." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3123.
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The current study assessed the relationship between individuals' tendency to suppress thoughts, particularly related to food and body weight/shape, and outcomes such as weight loss maintenance and diet sabotaging experiences (e.g., binge eating). Community and university individuals (N = 347) who are or previously were overweight completed self-report measures of thought suppression, weight history, and eating behaviors. Suppression of specific thoughts about food/weight/shape was related to weight cycling, binge eating, and food cravings. Participants who believed thoughts of food lead to eating were more likely to attempt suppression of food-related thoughts. Results have implications for improving weight loss maintenance and support further exploration of third wave interventions, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Mindfulness, in the treatment of obesity.Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
Sciences
Psychology PhD
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Olson, KayLoni. "Eating, exercise, and quality of life: The role of body image among adult women attempting weight loss." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1499253043259153.
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Hoffmann, Debra A. "The Association between Personality and Self-Monitoring, Weight Loss Behaviors and Treatment Outcome." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1366891032.
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Schembre, Susan M. "Development and validation of a weight-related behaviors questionnaire /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2009. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3368004.
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Soracco, Kelly L. "Seasonal differences in nutrient intake, supplement use, and eating behaviors of high school wrestlers." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1154780.
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The purpose of this study was to examine weight loss methods and to determine if seasonal differences existed in energy and nutrient intakes, supplement use and eating behaviors of high school wrestlers. Weight loss history, food and activity records, supplement use and knowledge and bulimic behavior data were collected from twenty wrestlers during the 1998-99 wrestling season and from eleven wrestlers 3 months post wrestling season.This study found that wrestlers practiced extreme weight control behaviors including fasting, food and fluid restriction resulting in inadequate nutrient intakes. No significant seasonal differences were found in energy balance, nutrient intake or supplement use for this study group. There was a significant difference in bulimic behavior post season as compared to peak season, though no wrestler approached the cutoff score for clinical diagnosis of bulimia nervosa.Given the negative effects of extreme weight loss practices and inadequate nutrient intake on performance, nutrition education remains crucial for high school wrestlers. Further research using instruments to measure restrictive behaviors (as was practiced by subjects in this study) would be beneficial. Additionally future studies are needed to continually assess this population of athletes to gauge if changes in extreme behaviors are occurring.Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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Nancarrow, Abigail M. "Attachment, eating behaviour and weight loss : a cohort study of patients before and after bariatric surgery." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/808520/.
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Primary objective : This study assessed the degree of insecure attachment style in a sample of patients undergoing bariatric surgery compared to a normal weight control group. It also investigated the association between attachment style and eating behaviour within the bariatric group pre-surgery and the impact of attachment on weight loss 6 months post-surgery. Design and method: A cross sectional and cohort quantitative design was used. The bariatric group consisted of 195 patients recruited from a bariatric clinic who were compared with 195 normal weight controls recruited through social media. All participants completed the ECR-R and provided demographic information. The bariatric group also completed measures of control over eating, diet and exercise behaviour, behavioural intentions, and the Power of Food Scale. T-tests and correlations were used for analysis. Outcome and results: The bariatric group demonstrated significantly higher levels of attachment avoidance and lower levels of attachment anxiety than controls. Significant correlations were found between insecure attachment and hedonic wanting of food, and attachment anxiety was significantly correlated with control over eating. No significant correlations were found between attachment and weight loss at 6 months follow up. Conclusion: A potentially causal relationship between attachment and obesity is discussed, as well as the implications for clinical psychology in bariatric services.
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Lee, Eunkyung. "IMPACT OF A 16-WEEK BEHAVIORAL WEIGHT-LOSS PROGRAM ON DIETARY AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CHANGES." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/54.
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Behavioral weight loss programs have been shown to be effective for short-term weight loss, however the impact of these programs on dietary changes is unclear. This study examined the changes in participant’s diet and physical activity over the course of a 16-week Internet behavioral weight-loss program. A single-center randomized controlled trial was conducted from August 2008 to December 2008 in Lexington, KY, and sixty-six women whose mean (SD) age was 48.6 (10.8) years and body mass index was 31.8 (3.7) kg/m2 completed all dietary and physical measures. Participants received two face-to-face group sessions with a dietitian, at baseline and 4-weeks, in addition to 16 weekly behavioral weight loss lessons delivered via an Internet website. Participants showed a significant reduction in energy intake (1879.2±771.7 vs. 1372.9±423.7; p<0.001), dietary energy density (2.1±0.5 vs. 1.9±0.5; p=0.002) and a significant increase in diet quality score as measured by the HEI-2005 (53.9±9.9 vs. 57.4±10.6; p =0.002). Participants did not show significant differences in physical activity intensity, duration or energy expenditure. However, post hoc analysis revealed that those who adopted a healthy life style, such as eating more fruits and vegetables and being physically active, achieved greater weight loss than those who did not adopt a healthy lifestyle. Participation in this Internet behavioral weight loss program significantly improved dietary intake in adult women and did not significantly improve daily physical activity levels.
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Keränen, A. M. (Anna-Maria). "Lifestyle interventions in treatment of obese adults:eating behaviour and other factors affecting weight loss and maintenance." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514294457.
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Abstract The prevalence of working-aged weight losers is high because of high prevalence of obesity. Unfortunately, the loss of weight is often temporary. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of intensive counselling on maintained weight loss and eating behaviour (cognitive restraint, emotional eating, uncontrolled eating and binge eating). Additionally, the associations of eating behaviour with maintained weight loss, discontinuation, dietary intake and anhedonia were studied. Eighty-two overweight or obese subjects (body mass index >27) participated in either intensive (n=35) or short-term (n=47) weight loss counselling (based on the Finnish Current Care guidelines) in a randomized weight loss follow-up study lasting 18 months. The subjects in the intensive counselling group lost more weight than those in the short-term counselling group at the 6 months follow-up (5.0±5.7kg, 2.4±2.5kg, respectively). The weight loss results were not maintained in either of the groups. The cognitive restraint increased and the emotional eating, uncontrolled eating and binge eating symptoms decreased in both groups. There were subjects in both counselling groups who succeeded in weight loss (weight loss result 9.3±6.3%) and those who failed (gained 3.3±1.7% of body weight). Those who succeeded had the highest score for cognitive restraint and lowest for uncontrolled eating, binge eating and emotional eating. In failure group, the scores for uncontrolled eating and binge eating were the highest already at the beginning of study. Those with the highest cognitive restraint at 18 months reported low intake of energy and fat while their intake of carbohydrates and fibre was high. Anhedonia existed in 24.4% of the participants at least once during the study period. They had higher binge eating scores continously, more uncontrolled eating and emotional eating at 6 months and they lost less weight than those without anhedonia. Thirty-two participants (39%) discontinued the study. Discontinuation was independently associated with a lack of free-time and a high weight loss goal. The association of eating behaviour with weight loss and dietary intake suggest that enhancing eating behaviour could be a target for improving the success of weight loss. The assessment and then the treatment of psychological factors (such as anhedonia), focus on setting realistic weight loss targets as well as emphasizing the fact that counselling visits and lifestyle changes are time consuming processes should be included in weight loss counsellingTiivistelmä Lihavuuden lisääntyessä myös työikäisten laihduttajien määrä kasvaa. Laihdutustulos jää valitettavan usein väliaikaiseksi. Tämän työn tavoitteena oli tutkia tehostetun ohjauksen vaikutusta laihtumistulokseen ja syömiskäyttäytymiseen (tietoinen syömisen hillintä, tunnesyöminen, impulsiivinen syöminen ja ahmimistaipumus). Lisäksi tutkittiin syömiskäyttäymisen yhteyksiä laihtumistulokseen, tutkimuksen keskeyttämiseen, energiaravintoaineiden saantiin sekä anhedoniaan. Tutkimukseen osallistui 82 ylipainoista tai lihavaa henkilöä (painoindeksi >27kg/m2). Heidät satunnaistettiin kahteen tutkimusryhmään: tehostetun ohjauksen (n=35) ja lyhytohjauksen ryhmään (n=47). Ohjaus perustui aikuisten lihavuuden Käypä hoito -suositukseen. Tutkimuksen kesto ohjaus- ja seurantajakson kanssa oli 18 kuukautta. Tehostetun ohjauksen ryhmässä henkilöt laihtuivat ensimmäisen kuuden kuukauden aikana enemmän kuin lyhytohjausryhmässä (5.0±5.7kg ja 2.4±2.5kg). Laihtumistulos ei kuitenkaan ollut pysyvä. Syömiskäyttäytymisessä tapahtui pysyvä muutos kummassakin tutkimusryhmässä; tietoinen hillintä lisääntyi, ja samanaikaisesti tunnesyöminen, impulsiivinen syöminen ja ahmiminen vähenivät. Kummassakin ryhmässä oli laihtumisessa onnistuneita (laihtumistulos 9.3±6.3 %) sekä epäonnistuneita (paino nousi 3.3±1.7 %). Onnistujilla esiintyi enemmän tietoista syömisen hillintää ja samanaikaisesti vähiten tunnesyömistä, impulsiivistä syömistä ja ahmimistaipumusta. Epäonnistujat söivät jo alkutilanteessa impulsiivivisemmin, ja heillä oli enemmän ahmimistaipumusta kuin onnistujilla. Henkilöt, joilla oli korkein tietoinen syömisen hillintä, saivat vähiten energiaa ja rasvaa mutta eniten hiilihydraatteja ja kuitua. Anhedoniaa esiintyi 24.4 %:lla tutkituista ainakin kerran tutkimuksen kuluessa. Anhedoniaan yhdistyi myös muita korkeammat ahmimistaipumuspisteet koko tutkimuksen ajan, eniten impulsiivista syömistä ja tunnesyömistä kuuden kuukauden seurannassa ja vähäisempi laihtuminen kuin henkilöillä, joilla ei esiintynyt anhedoniaa. Tutkimuksen keskeytti 39 % mukaan lähteneistä. Keskeyttämisen itsenäisiä riskitekjöitä olivat vapaa-ajan puute ja suuri laihtumistavoite. Syömiskäyttäytymisen yhteys sekä laihtumiseen että energiaravintoaineiden saantiin osoittaa, että syömiskäyttäytymisen ohjaus tulisi olla keskeinen osa laihdutusohjausta. Myös ahedonian arviointi ja hoito sekä keskustelu realistisesta painotavoiteesta ja elämäntilanteen kuorimittavuudesta voisivat tehostaa laihdutuksen onnistumista
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Sowulewski, Stephen P. "THE EXPERIENCES AND PERCEPTIONS OF BEHAVIORAL FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO SUCCESSFUL WEIGHT LOSS IN MALE BARIATRIC PATIENTS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4674.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences and perceptions of behavioral factors that contribute to successful weight loss in male bariatric patients. By analyzing participant experiences and perceptions, this study contributes to a better understanding of which factors are most important in the postoperative phase of gastric bypass in males owing to successful weight loss. Although there is a tremendous amount of quantitative research within the bariatric population, there is a significant gap within the qualitative literature as it relates to male outcomes. As such, by conducting interviews with 10 postoperative male gastric bypass patients, this study was able to further understand how and why these participants obtained successful weight loss. Furthermore, by identifying relevant categories and thematic responses from the participants, this study may serve future researchers in designing other qualitative studies that target best practices in males for successful weight loss outcomes. The findings of this study indicate that participants found greater weight loss success by following proper eating behaviors and engaging in physical activity whereas support group attendance was not found to be an important factor in successful weight loss. This study also revealed that follow up with the bariatric nurse coordinator was greatly viewed as a positive step in adjusting to lifestyle postsurgery. As such, this supportive role by the nurse coordinator may provide further impetus for the ways in which bariatric personnel interact with patients who might not always be able to see their surgeon for follow-up.
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Wood, Melanee L. "The Effectiveness of Summer Weight Loss Camp in Decreasing Body Mass Index and Increasing Self-Efficacy for Eating and Exercise." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1275679943.
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Zunker, Christie L. "Maintaining healthy eating behaviors with women after a weight management program a grounded theory approach /." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009p/zunker.pdf.
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Parkes, Claire. "After the honeymoon period : an interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experiences of bariatric surgery patients 12 months to three years post operatively." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/561196.
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The role of a psychologist within bariatric services is predominately focussed on the completion of preoperative psychological assessments (NICE, 2006; Ratcliffe et al, 2014). This role requires the psychologist to determine the suitability of the patient for surgery (Bauchowitz et al., 2005; Fabricatore et al., 2006; Sogg & Mori, 2004; UK Faculty of clinical health psychology; Psychologists in weight management network meeting, 2013), however no research to date has been able to reliably determine which variables could be associated with sub optimal weight loss (Sarwer, Wadden, & Fabricatore, 2005; Van Hout, Verschure, and van Heck, 2005; Wadden, Sarwer, Fabricatore, 2007). The first part of this study examines the empirical evidence for a range of variables considered by professionals to be clear contraindications to surgery. The variables were collated from surveys conducted in America (Bauchowitz et al., 2005; Fabricatore et al., 2006). Due to conflicting evidence and various problems with the studies it is difficult for a clinician to draw any firm conclusions from the review. Therefore, an ideographic approach is suggested, which leads onto the second part of the researcher dossier. The empirical chapter presents an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) of interviews with 14 bariatric participants who were 12 months to three years post-operative to explore their experience of - 21 surgery. This time frame was chosen to capture the participants after the ‘honeymoon phase’ when the participants have hit their weight plateau (Yale & Weiler, 1991; Brolin, 1992). The themes from the study were ‘pre op’ ‘phases’ weight maintenance’ ‘impact of the operation’ and an overall psychological theme of ‘locus of control’. Support was a key area for the participants, they described the lack of support they felt from professionals and means of seeking support elsewhere. The themes also highlighted the psychological struggle the participants go through post operatively with eating, however, this is balanced with the positive changes in identity and their ability to engage with life, no longer impeded by their weight. Recommendations from the study suggest the importance of psychologists being available to bariatric patients, in accordance with NICE guidance, and that all bariatric patients start their journey to surgery in a level three service (which is a weight management service with consists of a multi-disciplinary team) before being referred to the tier four surgical team. Finally weight loss prior to surgery is recommended, with an alternative method of achieving this than that presented in the recent British Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society (2014) publication.
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Berman, Mark Alan. "Thinking beyond health to motivate dietary change : piloting a vegan healthy eating program for obesity management /." [New Haven, Conn. : s.n.], 2004. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-08182004-165845/.
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O'Brien, Annamarie L. "Mind over Matter: Expressions of Mind/Body Dualism in Thinspiration." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1369057408.
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Baugh, Nancy. "The Relationship of Physical Activity, Eating Behaviors, and Hunger Control to Weight Loss and Quality of Life in Gastric Banding Patients." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/229.
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Gastric banding as a weight loss surgery has increased in popularity in the United States since its approval by the Food and Drug Administration in 2001. Successful weight loss after weight loss surgery is most frequently defined as greater than 50 percent of excess weight loss (EWL). Systematic reviews show that the band is widely effective in achieving successful weight loss in most patients, however individual studies show more inconsistent outcomes. Although previous research supports gastric bypass surgery as having a positive effect on quality of life after gastric bypass, there is very little data to support this relationship in gastric banding patients. Weight loss outcomes after gastric banding surgery at Virginia Commonwealth Health System were less than 50 per cent EWL at one and two years. A retrospective, descriptive study sought to answer the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between physical activity, eating behaviors and hunger control on weight loss and quality of life after gastric banding surgery and 2) Does successful weight loss at one year predict successful weight loss at two years. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Sort Form (IPAQ) was used to assess participation in physical activity. The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36) was used to determine quality of life. Weight loss outcomes were 34.6 per cent at one year and 39.7 per cent at two years, which was less than the established success rate of greater than 50 per cent EWL, However, most patients lost some weight and demonstrated a significant improvement in most domains of health related quality of life. Participation in physical activity increased fro preoperatively to year one but decreased in year two. Although participation in physical activities overall decreased from year one to year two, there was a significant relationship between participation in greater than 150 minutes per week of moderate or vigorous physical activity and adequate weight loss (p =0.025) and participation in health enhancing physical activities and adequate weight loss (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship noted between any of these eating behaviors and the percentage of excess weight loss at one or two years. There was a significant relationship between degree of hunger reported by patients and successful weight loss at one year (p < 0.05). There is sufficient statistical evidence of a positive linear relationship between two- year weight loss and one- year weight loss (p < 0.05). That is, one-year weight loss is a significant predictor for two- year weight loss. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that gastric banding patients participate in at least 150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous physical activity. Additionally, clinicians should consider development of adjustment protocols that achieve early reduction of hunger in the banding patient.
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Wenger, Melanie S. "Toward an ecology of addiction : Overeaters Anonymous and Weight Watchers in a culture of consumption." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4b050728-6e06-4afe-9261-3b973d8ddd60.
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There is increasing evidence that aspects of human eating may be 'addictive'. Much of the existing literature examining this focuses on specific foods or individual pathologies of 'addiction'. Qualitative research methods, in particular content analysis, offers a rich opportunity to better understand 'addictive' aspects of human eating through the stories shared by those who have experienced compulsive eating. This research examines two different organizations that use storytelling as a tool for changing eating behaviours. Overeaters Anonymous (OA) and Weight Watchers (WW) began in the United States in the early 1960s as mutual support groups designed to help members with problems of compulsive overeating. This research examines: 1) the ways that OA and WW addressed 'addictions' with food when they were first formed; 2) how each organization has changed over time; and 3) the ways that identities are constructed through the telling of stories within each programme. For this thesis, I used historical analysis, in-person and online participant observation, and content analysis as research methods. I found that while OA and WW once similarly addressed 'addictions' with food, this is no longer the case. WW no longer understands their members as fundamentally different from others in the ways that they eat, and OA now welcomes members with a variety of different compulsive eating behaviours. However, similar themes regarding identity emerged from the OA and WW stories used in this research. OA and WW members describe that they acquire different belief systems regarding health and how to eat in each programme. In comparing these two organizations, how each has changed over time and the shifts in identity described by OA and WW members, this research identifies aspects of everyday living that members of both groups similarly highlight as important factors influencing compulsive eating. Based on these findings, I then assess to what extent a new framework for understanding 'addiction' may be needed, and conclude by suggesting further areas of research that would be suitable for constructing this.
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Notelovitz, Talia. "Abnormal eating attitudes and weight loss behaviours of girls attending a "traditional" Jewish high school in Johannesburg : an examination of teachers' awareness." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6736.
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Thesis (MNutr)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Eating disorders are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in adolescent and young adult women. There is some evidence that Eating disorders may be more common in Jewish females than in their non-Jewish counterparts. Individuals with abnormal attitudes as defined by the Eating Attitudes Test (26-Item version) (EAT-26) are at increased risk of developing an eating disorder. School teachers are required to take an active role in the currently favoured ecological approach to the prevention of eating disorders. Objectives: The current study sought to determine the prevalence of abnormal eating attitudes and weight loss behaviours in a Jewish female adolescent sample and to investigate school teachers’ awareness of these factors and their attitudes towards a school programme to address these. Methods: A cross-sectional study of girls in grades 8 to 11 and teachers of both genders was undertaken at a “traditional” Jewish high school in Johannesburg, South Africa. A questionnaire consisting of the EAT-26 and a modified section of the United States Youth Risk Behaviour Survey (YRBS) was completed by pupils. A questionnaire developed by the researcher for the study was completed by teachers. Results: Two hundred and twenty pupils (response rate 84.3%) and 38 teachers (52.1%) participated. Twenty percent of pupils (n=43) had EAT-26 scores greater than or equal to 20 and 30.2% were found to require clinical evaluation for a potential eating disorder Thirty two point seven percent (n=72) of girls considered themselves to be overweight. Sixty four percent (n=139) were trying to lose weight at the time of the study and 19.1% (n=42) had engaged in one or more extreme methods of weight loss (fasting, purging or non-prescribed medication) in the past 12 months. Most teachers (81.6%, n=29) underestimated the proportion of girls requiring clinical evaluation and 71.1% (n=27) underestimated the extent of current weight loss attempts. Almost all (97.3%, n=37) the teachers recognised the need to address disordered eating attitudes and patterns in the school but only 34.2% (n=13) viewed the school as the appropriate place, would be prepared to participate and would give up class time. Conclusions: This is the first study to document the presence of abnormal eating attitudes among Jewish adolescent females in South Africa. The prevalence fell within the upper end of the range of rates reported in studies of adolescent girls in South Africa and abroad. Dieting and attempts at weight loss are common in this population and are also in keeping with the findings from international studies. This is the first study to measure teachers’ awareness of the eating attitudes and weight loss behaviours of girls attending the school at which they teach. The teachers participating in this study were not fully aware of the extent to which eating-related issues affect female pupils. Over and above this, there appears to be a resistance to facilitating and participating in a school programme addressing these issues. A qualitative exploration of this could yield valuable insights.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Eetstoornisse is 'n belangrike oorsaak van morbiditeit en mortaliteit in adolessente en jong volwasse vroue. Daar is bewyse dat Eetstoornisse meer algemeen mag voorkom in Joodse vroue vergeleke met hul nie-Joodse eweknieë. Individue met 'n abnormale houding soos gedefinieer deur die Eet-Houding-Toets (“Eating Attitudes Test”) (26-punt weergawe) (EAT-26) het 'n verhoogde risiko om 'n eetstoornis te ontwikkel. Daar word van onderwysers verwag om 'n aktiewe rol te speel in die ekologiese benadering om eetstoornisse te voorkom, wat tans voorkeur geniet. Doelstellings: Die huidige studie het gepoog om die voorkoms van abnormale houding en gedrag ten opsigte van eet en gewigsverlies in 'n steekproef van Joodse vroulike adolessente te bepaal, asook om ondersoek in te stel of onderwysers bewus is van hierdie faktore en hul houding teenoor 'n skoolprogram wat dit aanspreek. Metodes: 'n Dwarssnit studie van meisies in graad 8 tot 11 en onderwysers van beide geslagte was uitgevoer by 'n "tradisionele" Joodse hoërskool in Johannesburg, Suid-Afrika. 'n Vraelys bestaande uit die EAT-26 en 'n aangepasde afdeling van die “United States Youth Risk Behaviour Survey (YRBS)” is voltooi deur studente. Onderwysers het 'n vraelys voltooi wat vir die studie ontwikkel is deur die navorser. Resultate: Tweehonderd-en-twintig leerlinge (responskoers 84.3%) en 38 onderwysers (52.1%) het deelgeneem. Twintig persent van leerlinge (n=43) het EAT-26 tellings groter as of gelyk aan 20 gehad en daar was bevind dat 30.2% kliniese evaluering vir 'n potensiële eetstoornis benodig. Twee-en-dertig punt sewe persent (n=72) van meisies het hulself as oorgewig beskou. Vier-ensestig persent (n=139) het probeer om gewig te verloor ten tye van die studie en 19.1% (n=42) het betrokke geraak by een of meer ekstreme metodes van gewigsverlies (vas, purgasie of nievoorskrif medikasie) in die afgelope 12 maande. Meeste onderwysers (81.6%, n=29) onderskat die proporsie van meisies wat kliniese evaluasie benodig en 71.1% (n=27) onderskat die omvang van huidige gewigsverlies-pogings. Byna alle (97.3%, n=37) onderwysers het die behoefte erken dat versteurde houdings en eetpatrone aangespreek moet word, maar slegs 34,2% (n=13) beskou die skool as die geskikte plek daarvoor en sal bereid wees om deel te neem en klastyd af te staan. Gevolgtrekkings: Die teenwoordigheid van abnormale houding teenoor eet onder Joodse vroulike adolessente in Suid-Afrika word vir die eerste keer in hierdie studie gedokumenteer. Die prevalensie val binne die boonste deel van die reikwydte van koerse wat gerapporteer is in studies oor adolessente meisies in Suid-Afrika en die buiteland. Dieet en pogings tot gewigsverlies is algemeen in hierdie populasie en stem ook ooreen met die bevindinge van internasionale studies. Dit is die eerste studie wat onderwysers se bewustheid meet ten opsigte van die eethoudings en gewigsverlies-gedrag van meisies wat skool bywoon waar hul onderrig gee. Die onderwysers wat deelgeneem het aan hierdie studie was nie ten volle bewus van die mate waartoe eet-verwante kwessies vroulike leerlinge affekteer nie. Boonop blyk daar weerstand te wees teenoor die fasilitering van, en deelname aan 'n skoolprogram wat hierdie kwessies aanspreek. Verdere kwalitatiewe ondersoeke hiervan kan moontlik waardevolle insig bied.
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Davies, Kirsty Mary. "Individual differences in eating behaviours and their relationship with motivation, cognition and weight control." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275021.
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A considerable percentage of the UK population are overweight (BMI≥25kg/m2) or obese (BMI≥30kg/m2). However, despite living in the same culture and exposed to a similar “obesogenic” environment, some individuals gain weight while others do not (French et al., 1995). This variability in weight control has been suggested to be associated with individual differences in eating behaviours (French et al., 2012). Certain factors, such as motivation (hedonic hunger and hunger status) as well as cognition (impulsivity and memory) may have an impact on eating behaviours and their relationship with weight control. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to explore individual differences in eating behaviours and investigate their relationship with motivation, cognition and weight control. The first experiment (Chapter 2) investigated the relationship between eating behaviours, motivation (hedonic hunger) and food consumption during an ad-libitum buffet. This study suggests that restrained eating behaviour was associated with higher overall energy intake, greater energy intake from unhealthy foods and greater energy intake from both high and low energy dense foods. However, no interactions between restraint and disinhibition or hedonic hunger was seen. Following this, the second experiment (Chapter 3) examined whether eating behaviours, such as disinhibition, restraint and hunger, change during a weight loss and weight maintenance period and whether they could predict changes in weight during these periods. Indeed, the results suggest that lower baseline restraint could predict greater weight loss during a low-energy liquid diet and interventions which increase restraint and decrease disinhibition may be beneficial for longer term weight maintenance. The third experiment (Chapter 4) was designed to investigate whether motivation and cognition influences eating behaviours. The results suggest that hedonic hunger, restraint and impulsivity may lead to higher levels of disinhibited eating behaviour. This study was also able to replicate the findings of previous literature suggesting that episodic memory is negatively associated with BMI (Cheke et al., 2016). Finally, following on from the previous study results, the fourth experiment (Chapter 5) included a more diverse sample of participants including dieters. The results provide evidence that individuals on a diet have poorer episodic memory ability than those currently not on a diet. This study also extended previous results suggesting that hedonic hunger (but also episodic memory and hunger) are important factors in disinhibited eating. Hedonic hunger was also shown to be important in levels of hunger.
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Ottosson, Sandra. "Impact of disease and treatment on body weight and eating in patients with head and neck cancer : experiences from a multicenter study." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Öron- näs- och halssjukdomar, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-82562.
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Background Nutritional deterioration in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) has a multifactorial etiology mainly associated with tumor and treatment related factors. The objective of the present thesis was to investigate the impact of the disease and treatment on body weight and eating in patients with HNC treated with radiation therapy (RT) as the single modality treatment or as preoperative RT by analyzing body weight and body mass index (BMI) over time, predictive factors for weight loss and BMI, weight loss and BMI as prognostic factors for survival, and by studying the patients’ own experience of food and eating. Methods ARTSCAN is a randomized prospective multicenter trial conducted between the years of 1998 - 2006. Data were collected during and after RT with a total follow-up time of five years. Nutritional data from the whole study cohort (n = 712), from patients with oropharyngeal cancer (n = 232) and from two of the participating treatment centers (n = 101) were retrospectively analyzed in the present thesis. In addition, interviews (n = 13) were conducted nine months after the termination of RT as part of a care development project. Results On a group level, the patients lost weight during and after RT with a nadir at five months after the termination of RT. Factors related to a higher weight loss were oropharyngeal cancer, a high BMI at the start of RT, post-treatment aspiration, no tube feeding at the start of RT, and larger treated volumes. Furthermore, a high BMI at the start of RT was shown to be significantly related to a better five-year overall survival in patients with oropharyngeal cancer, whereas weight loss was not. The patients’ own narratives showed that all aspects of food, eating and meals were affected by the remaining sequelae, and that the patients found ways to accept and cope with the changes that had to be done to facilitate eating. Conclusions and clinical implications The disease and treatment gave persistent effects on the HNC patients’ weight and BMI which calls for a prolonged nutritional follow-up. The predictive factors found for weight loss can be used during patient history to find patients at risk for nutritional deterioration. In oropharyngeal cancer, patients with a high BMI at the start of RT had the best survival. This finding indicates that patients with a low BMI should be encouraged to gain weight before RT start. All aspects of food, eating and meals were affected during and after RT, and therefore the nutritional treatment should be given with a holistic approach to meet the multifaceted need patients with HNC experience.
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Figura, Andrea. "Psychological and psychosomatic aspects of bariatric surgery for the treatment of obesity in adults." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19115.
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Das Krankheitsbild der Adipositas hat sich weltweit zu einem relevanten Gesundheitsproblem entwickelt. Die bariatrische Chirurgie wird zunehmend als wirkungsvolle Behandlung bei schwer ausgeprägter Adipositas eingesetzt. Jedoch ist über die Rolle psychologischer Variablen im bariatrischen Behandlungsverlauf noch wenig bekannt. Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht Einfluss und Veränderung patientenberichteter Gesundheitsmerkmale in der chirurgischen Adipositastherapie. Dazu werden in einer naturalistischen Beobachtungsstudie Patienten mit schwerer Adipositas vor und im Durchschnitt zwei Jahre nach einer bariatrischen Operation (OP) befragt. Ziele der Arbeit sind 1) die Charakterisierung adipöser Patienten vor OP hinsichtlich bio-psycho-sozialer Variablen; 2) die Identifikation möglicher Einflussvariablen auf den gewichtsbezogenen Behandlungserfolg nach OP; 3) die Untersuchung von Auswirkungen der OP auf das Essverhalten; und 4) die Analyse von Veränderungen in der essstörungsbezogenen Psychopathologie und in der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität nach OP. Die Ergebnisse der bariatrischen Patienten werden im Vergleich zu denen konservativ behandelter Patienten betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Patienten mit bariatrischem Behandlungswunsch eine somatisch und psychisch belastete Patientengruppe darstellen. Die bariatrische OP führt im zweiten postoperativen Jahr zu einer nachhaltigen und klinisch bedeutsamen Gewichtsreduktion. Der präoperative Body-Maß-Index, das Bildungsniveau und aktives Problembewältigungsverhalten sind mit dem Gewichtsverlust nach OP assoziiert. Im Vergleich zur konservativen Behandlung berichten die Patienten, die sich der OP unterziehen, über stärker ausgeprägte Verbesserungen in ihrem Essverhalten und eine Steigerung ihrer Lebensqualität. Auf Basis der Befunde wird ein routinemäßiges Monitoring der somatischen und psychischen Situation der Patienten nach bariatrischer OP empfohlen, um die gezeigten Behandlungserfolge optimal zu sichern.Obesity has become a relevant global health problem. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity. However, while the number of operations performed continues to increase, the role of psychological variables throughout the bariatric surgery pathway remains uncertain. The present dissertation investigates the patient-reported health status as it impacts and results from bariatric surgery. In a naturalistic observational study, patients with severe obesity are assessed before and, on average, two years after the surgical treatment. Main aims are 1) to characterize obese patients prior to bariatric surgery in terms of biological, psychological and socio-demographic variables; 2) to identify possible predictors for the postoperative weight-related treatment success after bariatric surgery; 3) to examine changes in eating behaviors; and 4) to analyze changes in eating-related psychopathology and in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The outcomes of surgical patients are compared with those of conservatively treated patients for the same follow-up period. The findings show that bariatric surgery candidates represent a vulnerable patient group with high physical and psychological burden. In the second postoperative year after bariatric surgery, a sustainable and clinically meaningful weight reduction is achieved. The preoperative body mass index, education level and active coping behavior are associated with weight loss after surgery. Compared with conservative treatment, patients who undergo bariatric surgery report not only greater improvements in their eating behavior and eating-related psychopathology but also an increase in their HRQoL. Based on the results, the provision of a routine monitoring of the somatic and psychological situation of patients following bariatric surgery is recommended to secure longer-term treatment success.
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Gallin, Steffie. "Effets de la participation à une communauté en ligne de soutien à la perte de poids sur les comportements alimentaires : le rôle médiateur de la sensibilité à l'influence sociale." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD009.
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La recherche s’est très peu intéressée aux groupes de soutien (Moisio et Beruchashvili, 2010), et notamment aux communautés en ligne dédiées à la santé et à leur impact sur le comportement des consommateurs (Ma, Chen et Xiao, 2010). Ce travail doctoral a pour but d’étudier les effets positifs et négatifs de la participation à une communauté en ligne de soutien à la perte de poids (degré de participation et soutien social) sur les comportements alimentaires (restriction, diversification et auto-efficacité alimentaires). Ce lien est testé au travers d’une double médiation : l’identification aux membres de la communauté et la sensibilité à l’influence de la communauté (ou sensibilité à l’influence sociale). En effet, l’influence sociale a été étudiée dans le contexte de l’alimentation mais principalement dans le cadre de la prise d’un repas en compagnie d’autres personnes (De Castro et De Castro, 1989 ; McFerran et al., 2010 ; Vartanian, Herman et Wansink, 2008). Cette recherche vient également compléter les travaux sur l’influence sociale négative qui sont peu nombreux et concernent les réseaux sociaux tels que Facebook (Wilcox et Stephen, 2013). Ainsi, deux phases qualitatives exploratoires ont été menées auprès de 23 experts en nutrition, puis auprès de 25 utilisateurs de ce type de communautés. Ces entretiens ont permis de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de la sensibilité à l’influence de la communauté ainsi que son lien avec la comparaison sociale, l’homophilie (combinaison de la similitude et de la proximité perçues), les normes de la communauté et l’estime de soi. Par ailleurs, la restriction alimentaire est apparue comme une conséquence négative de l’influence de la communauté. Une phase quantitative a ensuite été conduite auprès de 335 utilisateurs de communautés en ligne de soutien à la perte de poids. Les résultats montrent que la participation active et le soutien social ont un effet positif sur la restriction et la diversification alimentaires, par l’intermédiaire de l’identification à la communauté et de certaines variables liées à la sensibilité à l’influence de la communauté. Ces relations n’avaient pas été mises en lumière dans la littérature. Cette recherche doctorale est également la première à montrer que la sensibilité à l’influence informationnelle a un effet positif sur la diversification alimentaire, alors que la sensibilité à l’influence normative a une influence positive sur la restriction. De plus, la comparaison sociale a un effet sur certaines variables liées à l’influence sociale dans la lignée des travaux de Polivy et Pliner (2015) qui n’avaient pas établi ce lien empiriquement. De nouveaux standards et critères de comparaison ont aussi été mis en évidence. L’homophilie liée à la perte de poids, les normes de la communauté et l’estime de soi ont également un lien avec la sensibilité à l’influence de la communauté. La thèse permet de conclure qu’il est nécessaire de sensibiliser les individus souffrant de surpoids ou d’obésité sur les dangers de la restriction et sur l’importance de la diversification de différentes manières : par les professionnels de santé, par les pouvoirs publics et par les modérateurs de communautésResearch has shown little interest in support groups (Moisio & Beruchashvili, 2010), and especially in online health support communities and their impact on consumers’ behavior (Ma, Chen & Xiao, 2010). This doctoral research aims at studying the positive and negative effects of participating in an online dieting support community (participation level and social support) on eating behaviors (restrained eating, food variety and eating self-efficacy). A double mediation is assumed to occur: identification to community’s members and susceptibility to community influence (or susceptibility to social influence). Indeed, the effect of social influence on eating behavior was only studied when sharing a meal with other people (De Castro & De Castro, 1989; McFerran et al., 2010; Vartanian, Herman & Wansink, 2008), but not in an online context. In addition, this study extends the very few works on negative social influence which are related to online social networks like Facebook (Wilcox & Stephen, 2013). To address this issue, two exploratory qualitative studies were carried out by interviewing 23 nutrition experts, and then 25 communities’ users. Interviews enable to better understand the mechanisms of susceptibility to community influence and its link with social comparison, homophily (to feel both similar and close with others), community norms and self-esteem. A quantitative study was then conducted by questioning 335 online dieting support communities’ users. Results show that active participation and social support has a positive effect on restrained eating, food variety and eating self-efficacy, through community identification and some aspects of susceptibility to community influence. These relations were not highlighted in existing literature. So, this doctoral research is the first work to point out that susceptibility to informational influence has a positive effect on food variety whereas susceptibility to normative influence has a positive influence on restrained eating. Social comparison appears to be linked with some aspects of social influence, in line with Polivy and Pliner (2015) that dit not precisely addressed this link. New comparison standards and criteria are extracted. Homophily related to weight loss, community norms and self-esteem are also related to susceptibility to community influence. The conclusion of this work is that awareness of overweight and obese people have to be raised by health professionals, public authorities and communities’ moderators in order to avoid restraint behaviors and to promote food variety
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Fernandes, Simone Pereira. "Variação dos níveis séricos do peptídeo YY e outros marcadores biológicos em adolescentes obesos submetidos a tratamento para obesidade ao longo de um ano no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/157619.
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A ingestão de alimentos e o gasto de energia, bem como os sinais de saciedade de curto prazo, podem ser regulados pelo peptídeo tirosina tirosina (PYY) secretado pelo trato gastrointestinal. Não é de conhecimento, até o momento, se há mudanças nos níveis de hormônios reguladores da saciedade, como o PYY, durante um ano de acompanhamento de adolescentes obesos brasileiros. Também não se sabe se ocorre de fato mudança de comportamento alimentar ou de composição corporal com alteração nos níveis de hormônios PYY. Objetivo:Avaliar o perfil dos níveis séricos de PYY de adolescentes obesos atendidos ao longo de 12 meses em um programa ambulatorial de tratamento de obesidade (AmO) de um hospital público no Sul do Brasil e associá-lo com parâmetros bioquímicos, antropométricos e de comportamento alimentar. Método:Foram acompanhados 51 adolescentes obesos, durante 48 semanas, que receberam, em 12 consultas ambulatoriais mensais, recomendações de perda de peso baseadas em metas alimentares quantitativas e qualitativas e na redução de comportamento sedentário. Na primeira consulta (T0), em 24 semanas (T1) e em 48 semanas (T2) foram determinados os níveis séricos em jejum de PYY, colesterol total (CT), colesterol de alta densidade (c-HDL), triglicerídeos (TG), colesterol de baixa densidade (c-LDL), insulina e glicemia, e foi aferida a circunferência abdominal (CA). Através de bioimpedância elétrica, foram medidas a Massa Gorda (%MG) e a Taxa Metabólica Basal (TMB). Foi ainda aplicado Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-21) para avaliar as dimensões do comportamento alimentar: restrição cognitiva (RC), descontrole alimentar (DA) e alimentação emocional (AE). Resultados: Ao longo de um ano (T0 a T2), houve aumento significativo dos níveis de PYY (r=-0,421; p=0,026), redução do peso inicial e da proporção de obesidade grave, redução significativa do escore-z do índice de massa corporal (IMC) (p<0,001) IMC (p=0,002), CT (p=0,003), TG (p=0,022), CA (p=0,003) e redução de indivíduos com c-LDL indesejados (p=0,016). Neste período, houve redução no escore do DA, evidenciando que os adolescentes se mostraram mais controlados (p=0,008) ao final do estudo. No entanto, este resultado foi independente do IMC e do escore-z do IMC (p=0,407). A redução do DA associou-se com uma melhora significativa dos níveis de insulina (rs=0,326 p=0,020). Conclusão: A intervenção clínica com orientações nutricionais e comportamentais proposta no AmO mostrou que os adolescentes com obesidade, que mudam seu comportamento sedentário e aderem a uma alimentação equilibrada, apresentam redução do peso, aumento dos níveis de PYY e uma atitude alimentar mais controlada.Food intake and energy expenditure, as well as short-term satiety signals, can be regulated by the peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) secreted by the gastrointestinal tract. There is no evidence telling whether there are changes in levels of regulatory satiety hormones, such as PYY, at one year follow-up among obese Brazilian adolescents. It is also unknown if changes in PYY hormone levels lead to changes in feeding behavior or in body composition. Objective: To evaluate serum PYY levels in obese adolescents participating for 12 months in an outpatient obesity treatment program (AmO) in a public hospital in southern Brazil and determine if it is associated with biochemical, anthropometric and feeding behavior parameters. Methods: Fifty-one obese adolescents attended 12 monthly outpatient visits (a 48 week follow-up study), and received weight loss recommendations based on quantitative and qualitative eating targets and on reducing sedentary behavior. At each one of these visits [first appointment (T0), at week 24 (T1) and at week 48 (T2)], fasting serum levels of PYY, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides (TG), low-density cholesterol (LDL-c), insulin, glucose, and waist circumference (WC) were assessed. By bioelectrical impedance, body fat (% BF) and Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) were measured. The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-21) was also completed in order to assess eating behavior dimensions: cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (ED) and emotional eating (EE). Results: Over a year (T0 to T2), there was a significant increase in PYY (r = -0.421; p = 0.026), a reduction in weight and in prevalence of severe obesity, a significant reduction in body mass index (BMI) z-score (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.002), TC (p = 0.003), TG (p = 0.022), and WC (p = 0.003) and a decrease in the number of individuals with undesirable LDL-c levels (p = 0.016). Over this period, there was a reduction in ED scores, showing that adolescents had more controlled eating behaviors (p = 0.008) at the end of the study. However, this result was independent of BMI and BMI z-score (p = 0.407). The reduction in ED was associated with a significant improvement in insulin levels (rs=0,326 p=0,020). Conclusion: The clinical intervention with nutritional and behavioral guidelines proposed in AmO showed that adolescents with obesity, who change their sedentary behavior and adhere to a balanced diet, present weight reduction, increased PYY levels and a more controlled eating attitude.
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DiSilvestro, David Joel. "Encapsulation of Genetically Modified Preadipocytes for Potential Treatment of Metabolic Disorders." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449090087.
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