Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Eau activée par plasma'
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Kamgang, Youbi Georges. "Propriétés réactives en post-décharge temporelle des décharges électriques glissantes dans l’air humide : application à la dégradation de colorant azoïque et à la décontamination microbienne." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES038.
Full textThe gliding electrical discharge "Glidarc" in the humid air is a source of non-thermal plasma at atmospheric pressure efficient for pollution abatement. We present in this thesis the benefit use of reactive properties in temporal post-discharge (i. E. After switch off the discharge) of glidarc. In the first step, we considered the degradation of acidic methyl orange, an azoic dye. After target exposure for short periods to the discharge plasma, a strong temporal post-discharge degradation of the dye giving N,N-dimethyl-4-Nitroaniline, as the major yellow intermediate product with a relevant overall first-order kinetics, was observed. On the other hand, post-discharge has also been used to inactivate micro-organisms. Four micro-organisms in planktonic and adherent forms were considered: Staphylococcus epidermidis and Leuconostoc mesenteroïdes as Gram-positive bacteria, Hafnia alvei as a gram-negative bacterium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a yeast model. The post-discharge was used in two ways: the microbial cells were previously exposed to discharge for short periods or they were inactivated by a solution of "plasma activated water”. In all cases, significant reductions of the microbial populations were achieved with 1st order kinetic. Such results combined with the identification of the destruction by HNO2 and H2O2 suggest that nitrous and peroxonitrous acids are the main oxidizing species involved in the temporal post-discharge phenomenon. As the operation takes place under acidic medium, the role of nitrosonium NO+ was also highlighted
Bacharouche, Jalal. "De nouvelles surfaces à reconnaissance moléculaire activée par élongation." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MULH4471.
Full textThe process by which forces are converted into chemical signals play a fundamental role in many biological processes. This thesis has to develop new functional synthetic surfaces to mimic this behavior. It is more precisely to control the adsorption of biological objects such as proteins or cells on an elastic support modified by plasma and presenting specific receptors. These receptors are masked by long chains of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) which are also grafted onto the surface. Stretching allows them to exhibit adsorption sites or adhesion sites and thus make the surface adhesive. Our method is based on the plasma polymerization of maleic anhydride. This functionalization can be grafted to the surface of silicone films carboxylic functions which serve as anchors points for the PEG chains. On the same principle, biotin or adhesion peptides (RGD) have been grafted in a second time on this substrate. We show that the non-stretched state, these ligands are not accessible to their receptors. On the other side, in the stretched state, the surface becomes specifically adsorbent to streptavidin, anti-biotin and also adherent for cells. These phenomena are perfectly reversible
Zhou, Ming. "Novel photocatalytic TiO2-based porous membranes prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) for organic pollutant degradation in water." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS090/document.
Full textPlasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition is applied to prepare amorphous TiO2 thin films at low temperature. Post-annealing at 300 °C for minimal staying time 4.5 h is required to form crystalline anatase phase. Characteristics of the TiO2 thin films including crystalline structure, microstructure, band gap and surface hydrophilicity, are determined. Functional performance of these anatase thin films as photocatalysts is first examined with patented Pilkington assessment by removing, under UV irradiation, stearic acid initially adsorbed on TiO2 layers here deposited on silicon wafers. Membranes M100 (TiO2 continuous layer) and M800 (TiO2-skin on support grain) are prepared on the macroporous top layer of porous alumina supports with an average pore size of 100 nm and 800 nm, respectively. These membranes are tested in “static” condition under the effect of diffusion of an organic solute in water. For Methylene Blue it is shown that the quantity of destroyed compound per unit of membrane surface area and per unit of time is equal to 2×10−8 mol m-2 s-1 for M100 and 1×10−8 mol m-2 s-1 for M800. These membranes are also tested in “dynamic” conditions, i.e. pressure-driven membrane processes, with two different configurations (photocatalytic layer on the feed side or on the permeate side) and three different organics (Methylene Blue, Acid Orange 7 and phenol). Process modelling (adsorption and photocatalysis reaction) is finally carried out from the available experimental outputs
Revoil, Gilles. "Méthode de préconcentration des éléments traces dans les eaux : application à l'analyse multiélémentaire par plasma à couplage inductif /." Orléans : Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34965991j.
Full textGrégoire, Yanick. "Électrolyse de l'eau en milieu alcalin à l'aide d'électrodes produites par plasma H.F." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
Find full textLelong, Anthony. "Élaboration et caractérisation de couches minces nanocomposites cuivre/carbone : application à la dégradation de colorant en solution aqueuse." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0007/document.
Full textThe treatment of industrial wastewater is an issue for the society. For instance, used dyes in manufactured products are pollutants for our waters sources. The thesis work focuses on dye degradation by thin films of copper/carbon nanocomposite. Our nanocomposites have been elaborated through a plasma method by a cathodic sputtering in reactive atmosphere of cyclohexane (hybrid process of PVD/PECVD). Studies by optical emission spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy have been carried out in order to analyze the plasma during the deposition. After elaboration, our thin films have been characterized from a structural (morphology and microstructure), electrical and optical point of view as a function of deposit parameters. In this work, we used indigo carmine as a pollutant. The dye belongs to the indigoid family and is commonly used for the blue color of jeans. The degradation of this dye in aqueous solutions has been monitored by UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Our nanocomposites have been able to discolour solutions by halogen lamp illumination or during moderate heating. The investigation focused on the thermal aspects of this phenomenon as a function of several parameters (temperature, initial concentration,…) with the help of thermodynamic models such as Arrhenius and Eyring. To justify the degradation of the dye, an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer has been used. It revealed that the molecule of indigo carmine underwent a loss of mass and that our materials perform as catalysts
Dreux, Frédéric. "Modification des propriétés barrière à l'eau et au toluène d'un polyamide 12 par traitement plasma froid." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES022.
Full textAllahdin, Oscar. "Élimination (par adsorption sur la brique activée) de polluants métalliques dans les eaux de la République Centrafricaine et les pays en voie de développement : Aspects texturaux, physicochimiques, (électro)cinétiques et thermodynamiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10120/document.
Full textDespite the great ressources of water in Centrafrican Republic, drinking water is not accessible for about 70% of the population in this country. To resolve this problem, waters need to be treated. We have chosen the adsorption technique,by using a local brick as adsorbant in the purification of water in rural region. After acid treatment and deposition of ferrihydrite at a fixed pH, brick was found to be a good adsorbant in the elimination : Fe2+, Pb2+, Zn2+,Cu2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, UO2+. This adsorption process was also applied to phosphates elimination. The effects of the parameters: contact time, temperature, mass of material, and pH were taken into account. Column regeneration was performed either by using NaCl solution or NaClO as eluent. The analytical studies of adsorption/desorption cycles on the column showed the implication of H+ and Na+ ions at the "brick-water" interface. Depending upon the treatment used, cations or anions could be adsorbed owing to the existence of opposite charges between solid surface and ions in water. To ascertain our assumptions, several techniques were used : X-Ray diffraction, SEM /EDS, FTIR, BET, 23Na, 29Si, 27Al, and 1H NMR. Adsorption measurements were also followed by potentiometry and conductimetry. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamie of heterogeneous processes involved were addressed. Electrokinetic measurements conformed the involvement of electrostatic forces in the adsorption mechanism
Lesage, Olivier, and Olivier Lesage. "Développement d'un procédé d'oxydation avancée pour le traitement d'effluents aqueux contaminés par des polluants réfractaires : étude d'un procédé de décharge plasma à pression atmosphérique couplé à un catalyseur supporté." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25272.
Full textDans ces travaux de recherche nous avons cherché à développer et optimiser un procédé d’oxydation avancée dédié au traitement de l’eau. Pour cela, Nous avons développé un procédé combinant la génération de radicaux hydroxyles par décharge plasma à pression atmosphérique et un catalyseur fixe. L’originalité de ce travail a été d’utiliser un système d’écoulement permettant l’obtention d’un film liquide (épaisseur < 1mm) afin de permettre une interaction entre le plasma, le liquide et la surface catalytique. Les résultats ont montré que la décharge de type DBD était préférable au Glidarc, plus thermique, plus énergétique et produisant trop de NOx. Les valeurs d’efficacités respectives ont été de 0,67 g.kWh-1 (DBD) et 0,23 g.kWh-1 (Glidarc). Les résultats ont également montré que le matériau de la surface d’écoulement pouvait influencer l’efficacité du procédé. Ainsi dans le cas du laiton, la présence de réactions de corrosion produisant des NO2- réduit l’efficacité de moitié comparée à une plaque d’acier. Le développement d’un modèle CFD 1D du procédé a également été effectué. Celui-ci a permis d’estimer que l’efficacité énergétique de production des HO⋅ est de 4,4.10-9 molHO.J-1 pour la décharge DBD. Il a également permis de montrer que les facteurs majoritairement limitants étaient la présence de réactions parasites telles que la recombinaison des HO⋅. Le modèle a également montré que les réactions chimiques ne durent pas plus de 1µs après l’impact du streamer et n’ont lieu que dans les premiers 5% d’épaisseur de liquide. Enfin, un dépôt catalytique de DLC dopé à l’argent et réalisé par rf-PECVD a permis d’améliorer de près de 10% l’efficacité maximale du procédé. Mots clés : Procédé d’Oxydation Avancée, décharge à barrière diélectrique, Glidarc, dépollution, rf-PECVD, Diamond-Like Carbon, catalyseur, argent, modélisation CFD.
The aim of this research lies in the development and optimization of an advanced oxidation process dedicated to wastewater treatment. This process combines an atmospheric plasma discharge with an immobilized catalyst (Ag-DLC) in order to generate hydroxyl radicals. The novelty of this work relies in the use of a falling thin film system (thickness < 1mm) to promote the interaction between plasma discharge, the solution and the catalytic surface. The results demonstrate the interest of employing a Dielectric Barrier Discharge configuration instead of a Glidarc system. Indeed, the Glidarc system leads to a too high production level of NOx. The efficiencies of these two processes were respectively 0,67 g.kWh-1 and 0,23 g.kWh-1 for the DBD and the Glidarc system. Moreover, the influence of the counter-electrode / flowing plate material on the process efficiency was pointed out. Compared to stainless steel, the presence of corrosion reactions on the brass surface produced NO2- and thus, reduced the process efficiency. The production of HO⋅ radicals at the plasma / water interface was estimated to be 4,4.10-9 molHO.J-1 by the use of 1D CFD modeling. Side reactions such as HO⋅ recombinaison appear as the major limiting factors. Futhermore the model demonstrates that the time needed to complete all the chemical reactions was less than 1 µs and these reactions occurred only in the first 5% of the top liquid film. Finally with an Ag-DLC based catalytic coating elaborated by RF-PECVD, the efficiency was increased to 10% compared to the best efficiency observed with the non-catalytic system. Keywords : Advanced Oxidation Process, Dielectric barrier discharge, Glidarc, depollution, rf-PECVD, Diamond-Like Carbon, catalyst, silver, CFD modelling.
The aim of this research lies in the development and optimization of an advanced oxidation process dedicated to wastewater treatment. This process combines an atmospheric plasma discharge with an immobilized catalyst (Ag-DLC) in order to generate hydroxyl radicals. The novelty of this work relies in the use of a falling thin film system (thickness < 1mm) to promote the interaction between plasma discharge, the solution and the catalytic surface. The results demonstrate the interest of employing a Dielectric Barrier Discharge configuration instead of a Glidarc system. Indeed, the Glidarc system leads to a too high production level of NOx. The efficiencies of these two processes were respectively 0,67 g.kWh-1 and 0,23 g.kWh-1 for the DBD and the Glidarc system. Moreover, the influence of the counter-electrode / flowing plate material on the process efficiency was pointed out. Compared to stainless steel, the presence of corrosion reactions on the brass surface produced NO2- and thus, reduced the process efficiency. The production of HO⋅ radicals at the plasma / water interface was estimated to be 4,4.10-9 molHO.J-1 by the use of 1D CFD modeling. Side reactions such as HO⋅ recombinaison appear as the major limiting factors. Futhermore the model demonstrates that the time needed to complete all the chemical reactions was less than 1 µs and these reactions occurred only in the first 5% of the top liquid film. Finally with an Ag-DLC based catalytic coating elaborated by RF-PECVD, the efficiency was increased to 10% compared to the best efficiency observed with the non-catalytic system. Keywords : Advanced Oxidation Process, Dielectric barrier discharge, Glidarc, depollution, rf-PECVD, Diamond-Like Carbon, catalyst, silver, CFD modelling.
Veuillet, Mathieu. "Contrôle des propriétés mécaniques par polymérisation plasma pour des surfaces innovantes antibactériennes." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MULH9533/document.
Full textControl of biofilm formation is a major economic challenge for a large number of economic sectors such as the distribution of drinking water. Many strategies have been explored to fight against their development. This work proposes to explore the possibility of preventing bacterial adhesion by playing with mechanical surface properties. To do this, low pressure plasma polymerization of two precursors: 2- (dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) has been explored. The results of surface characterizations (AFM, IR, XPS, wettability and AFM nanoindentation) of these thin films showed the possibility to obtain different mechanical properties in wide range (kPa to MPa) with similar chemical surface properties. Bacterial anti-adhesion properties of these films were evaluated using an Escherichia coli SCC1 strain during static and dynamic cultures. These results showed that mechanical surface properties around 600 kPa induced very good bacterial anti-adhesion properties and also revealed mobility of bacteria on the surface. Under flow, these properties were highlighted with almost no bacterial detected after two hours. In order to prolongate the life time of these properties, multilayer system has been proposed and synthesis of these plasma polymer multilayer has been studied at atmospheric pressure for industrial scale up
Courapied, Damien. "Etude de l’interaction laser matière en régime de confinement par eau avec deux impulsions laser. Application au test d’adhérence par choc laser." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0073/document.
Full textThe laser shock wave generation is a novel process becoming more and more common. The shock waves are used to generate mechanicals effects in the sample. The laser absorption results in the creation of a plasma at the surface. This plasma during its expansion creates a shock wave propagating through the sample. This work aims to study the various phenomena involved in the laser-matter interaction. In the field of laser generated shock waves, two different processes exist: the Laser Shock Peening (LSP) and the LASer Adhesion Technique (LASAT). The new challenge deals with the limitations of those processes and the solutions to be setting up to improve them. Some ideas concerning the confinement improvement as water substitution or thermal coatings optimization are suggested in this work. Moreover, the use of double delayed laser pulses allows, for LASAT, the location of main tensile stresses near interfaces. However, for LSP, some aspects dealing with the profitability linked to the peening rate are investigated here. Last but not least, whether the very short (0 to 1000 ns) or very long delays (from 200µs to 200ms), the study of the laser-matter interaction phenomena allows to overcome some limitations for both laser shock processes
Petit-Etienne, Camille. "Dépôt d'oxyde de silicium par procédé plasma hors équilibre à basse pression et à pression atmosphérique sur de l'acier : application aux propriétés anticorrosion." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00367151.
Full textBarron, Emmanuelle. "Mesure de l'exposition au sélénium : évaluations chimique et épidémiologique auprès de sujets alimentés par une eau potable à teneur élevée, dans la Vienne." Poitiers, 2007. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2007/Barron-Emmanuelle/2007-Barron-Emmanuelle-These.pdf.
Full textSelenium is a trace element which is naturally present in the environment. In France, several municipalities in the Vienne department have selenium contents in drinking water over the standard (set at 10 µg. L-1). The objective of this work was to evaluate selenium exposure of the adult population living in these municipalities. Several methods were used to estimate intakes of selenium (by the use of questionnaires and by duplicate diet method), to compare selenium status (toenail selenium concentration) and health aspects with an unexposed group, and, to determine selenium concentration of locally produced foods. Total selenium was quantified by ICP-MS. Results showed that subjects were not exposed to toxic quantities of selenium: intakes of selenium and selenium toenail concentrations were below observed values in toxic seleniferous area. Finally, no significant difference was observed concerning health of exposed and unexposed group and concerning selenium concentration of locally produced foods and national ones
Hannachi, Riadh. "Etude expérimentale et propriétés radiatives d'un plasma thermique induit par impact laser à la surface de milieux aqueux eau-chlorure de calcium/chlorure de magnésium/chlorure de sodium." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/89/.
Full textThis thesis is part of a project concerning the development of a process which enables the detection of pollutants in water using a laser ablation device. The impact of a laser beam on a material allows to vaporize it and to generate a plasma. The elementary composition of the sample is obtained by the spectroscopic analysis of the ionized gas. This method, applicable to any kind of materials (solid, liquid, gaseous, insulating or conductive) is known as LIBS (Laser induced Breakdown Spectroscopy). A Nd: Yag laser (lambda = 532 nm, pulse duration 4ns, deposited energy 30 mJ, frequency 5 Hz) is used to generate a plasma on the surface of liquid targets containing weak proportions of alkaline salts (5. 10-4 to 2 mol/liter of CaCl2, MgCl2 and NaCl). This work allowed to test the sensibility of the process and to define the detection limits of the species Ca, Mg and Na acting as impurities. Various optical emission spectroscopy diagnosis techniques based upon the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) are used to characterize the plasma plume in its extinction phase (temperature and species densities). The second part of this thesis is dedicated to the development of calculation codes enabling the determination of the chemical equilibrium composition and radiative properties: the mean absorption coefficients k\lambda (m-1) by frequency bands and the net emission coefficient epsilon\N (W. M-3. Sr-1). .
Neveux-Guilluy, Sabrina. "Influence des variations de flux polluants sur le fonctionnement d'une station d'épuration des eaux usées urbaines par boues activées : cas de la dégradation de la pollution soluble expérimentation et modélisation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL138N.
Full textGumuchian, Diane. "Développement et étude d'un procédé d'oxydation avancée de traitement de l'eau pour composés organiques résistants par couplage plasma/catalyse." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066577/document.
Full textThis work enabled the development of a method of water treatment by plasma/catalysis coupling.The plasma treatments were carried out in two different reactors: a point/plane reactor and a dynamic reactor.Both reactors allow to control the gas atmosphere of the treatment. The feasibility of the degradation of aceticacid has been proven. Some processing parameters in the point/plane reactor (treatment gas, gas flow rate andfrequency of discharge) and the dynamic reactor (liquid phase flow, concentration of the pollutant and injectedpower) were studied.A modeling of the process using Comsol Multiphysics and Scilab softwares was conducted. It was possible toobserve the importance of the way active species (mainly hydroxyl radicals) are brought to the solution.A Co3O4 powder catalyst was studied in order to couple the plasma treatment with a catalytic treatment. Thus,manipulations of catalytic ozonation were conducted. They highlighted the efficiency of the catalyst for thedecomposition of pollutants.Finally, the plasma/catalysis coupling produced promising results, since it improved the decomposition ofpollutants.Possible improvements of the process could be to maximize the amount of high voltage electrodes and toredesign their shape (electrodes in parallel, plane geometry, etc.). Depositing a thin layer of catalyst on thegrounded electrode by PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) technique has to be performed
Boudesocque, Nicolas. "Contribution à l’étude de plasmas d'arc immergé : applications à la décontamination et à la gazéification d'effluents organiques aqueux." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/5122869a-8d09-4e6d-8df6-8876ecc89e2c/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4041.pdf.
Full textThis work is concemed with decontamination and gasification of aqueous organic liquid waste by immersed thermal plasma technology. Ln this concept, the organic compounds are decomposed into gas by high temperature plasma. A quench of about 107-108 K/s, is obtained by immersion into a given effluent. Two kinds of arc plasma are studied. The first one is an immersed electrical arc stricken between two graphite electrodes. The second one is a plasma jet generated by a non- transferred plasma torch. For dilute liquid waste (1g/L) containing molecules incompatible with conventional biological processes, the hydroxyl radicals (OH˚) are continuously produced by the plasma jet directly into the solution allowing complete molecule mineralization into carbon dioxide and water. The heteroatoms, if present, are converted into solvated ions. The decomposition of the molecules, such as chlorophenols and aniline, are studied. Considering the identified intermediate products, a reaction mechanism is proposed. For each tested molecules, their concentration decreased at least of 90 percent. Based on the "gasosiphon" phenomenon, the experimental reactor insures the simultaneous recirculation of both gas and liquid phases. The hydrodynamic was studied using in situ high frequency imaging technology. A CFD code was applied for numerical simulation of the observed recirculation phenomena. The results were compared with obtained experimental data. Ln the case of concentrated liquid waste (> 100 g/L), syngas was produced by thermal cracking of organic molecules. The best measured composition of the gas is about 45% v/v of H2 and 45 % v/v of CO when an electrical arc is used. The usability of both studied plasma types were investigated in this field. The experimental study was carried on using fructose and glucose solution (severnl hundreds g/L) as surrogated effluent. With a specific injection method, gasification rate is about 30 % with one way. Optical Emission Spectroscopy and high frequency imaging were applied to investigate the immersed electrical arc. The thermal plasma gasification is investigated through a" process engineering" approach. To this aim, factorial test plan was built and done. Trials with liquid waste from olive oil and paper industries complete this work
Medard, Nicolas. "Elaboration par la technique des plasmas froids de nouveaux catalyseurs métallocène supportés par un film polymère." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009643.
Full textLes espèces réactives du plasma de dioxyde de carbone (ions, métastables,...) induisent une modification des propriétés physico-chimiques superficielles du polymère se traduisant principalement par une fonctionnalisation sous forme de groupements oxygénés. Une dégradation superficielle ainsi qu'une cristallisation et une réticulation sont également observées. La fonctionnalisation superficielle sous forme d'acides carboxyliques se produit suivant un mécanisme faisant intervenir les espèces actives CO2 du plasma. L'oxygène atomique (O3P et/ou O1D) créé lors de la décharge plasma apparaît largement responsable du processus de dégradation se caractérisant par l'apparition d'une faible rugosité en surface du matériau ainsi que par la formation de produits de faible masse.
La fixation du catalyseur métallocène (Ind2MCl2) a été réalisée par étapes successives sur le support de polyéthylène traité. L'existence d'une seule espèce catalytique liée à la surface de façon covalente permet la synthèse de polymères de distribution en masse étroite. La réutilisation du catalyseur supporté, sans perte notable d'activité, ni modification des caractéristiques du polymère synthétisé, est également montrée. Une modélisation moléculaire permet de définir la conformation méso comme étant d'un point de vue énergétique la plus stable et ce, de façon d'autant plus marquée que les interactions entre ligands aromatiques augmentent. La nature de la tacticité du polystyrène synthétisé est expliquée par la conformation du catalyseur supporté.
Point, David. "Spéciation et biogéochimie des éléments traces métalliques dans l'estuaire de l'Adour." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3029.
Full textThe first part of this work involves the development of an analytical method for the speciation analysis of metals at ultratrace levels in complex matrices such as seawater and estuarine water. This analytical speciation system is composed of a first UV on-line photolysis module and a second preconcentration/matrix elimination platform employing chelating resin that allow to discriminate labile from complexed metal forms. This analytical speciation system can be directly employed for field speciation studies, or directly coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for flow injection analysis. The simultaneous application of isotope dilution technique for Cd determination is also presented. The second part of this work has allowed for the first time to study the biogeochemical cycle of trace elements in the Adour Estuary. This urban macrotidal estuary is characterized by a very low turbidity and a low time of residence for both water and particles. The study of trace metals sources demonstrate first that the anthropogenic pressure is limited under dry weather conditions compared to the upstream inputs that represent the majority metals fluxes entering the estuary. Exception can be distinguished for anthropogenic Ag and MMHg representing 28% and 9% respectively of the total inputs under low discharge conditions. Second, the detailed attention of biogeochemical processes occurring within estuarine mixing indicates important dynamic exchanges and transformations between metals forms and phases. Most of the processes are assumed to be linked to organic matter complexation properties and transformations occurring during estuarine transfer
Adusei-Gyamfi, Junias. "Caractérisation de la matière organique naturelle (MON) et de ses complexes formés avec des éléments traces métalliques dans des filières de potabilisation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R010.
Full textNatural organic matter (NOM), present in waters poses severe challenges to all stages of drinking water treatment. A disturbing phenomenon is the rapid changes in the quantity and quality of NOM observed recently, which necessitates the adaptation of drinking water treatment processes. This worrying trend gave birth to the Interreg DOC2C's Project which sought to investigate the possibility of improved NOM removal from surface waters through innovative, knowledge and research based methods. The goal of this study was to provide an innovative technique for the characterization of NOM and its complexes with trace metals. This study was performed with the help of a size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with spectral detectors (UV and Fluorescence) and an elementary detector (ICP-MS). The developed methodology was applied to both pilot and full-scale drinking water treatment plants to monitor the evolution of NOM during treatment and the potential formation of disinfection by products (DBPs). The humic substance fraction of NOM which is known to be more hydrophobic contributed most to DBP formation while the LMW and hydrophilic fractions contributed least. After humic substance removal, the decrease in DBP formation was related to the removal of building blocks. In quantifying NOM removal efficiency of pilot water treatment plant, coagulation process removes almost all biopolymers, 38% of humic substances and 17% of low molecular weight (LMW) substances, with little impact on building blocks. Suspended ion exchange resin eliminates 75% of humic substances, 70% of building blocks, 78% of LMW acids and 81% of LMW neutrals, while ultrafiltration on ceramic membranes seems to have had only a small impact on biopolymers. The results obtained from the spectral detectors were compared with that of a carbon detector (LC-OCD). The composition of the biopolymer fraction was shown to be made up for protein-like components responsible for its tryptophan-like fluorescence. The complexing properties of the different fractions of NOM was also studied after separation by size. The elemental detector helped in demonstrating the preferred fraction(s) for metal complexation. For instance, whereas Cu complexed with all NOM fractions, Zn and Pb preferred to be complexed with the building blocks. Complexation and competition of the trace metals at different NOM fractions were also observed. An innovative quantitative method was also developed by calibrating the LC-ICP-MS with EDTA and the method confirmed using organic matter standards (SRHA, SRFA) for the ligands and Cu, Mn and Zn standard solutions
Sutapa, Ignasius Dwi Atmana. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et décantabilité des boues activées en relation avec le transfert d'oxygène et la biofloculation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL068N.
Full textTrommetter, Guillaume. "Développements analytiques et d’échantillonneurs passifs appliqués aux terres rares et platinoïdes : application aux systèmes aquatiques anthropisés." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R051.
Full textAquatic ecosystems are fragile systems, vital for the biosphere and yet subject to numerous, sometimes significant, anthropogenic pressures. Currently, reliable methods allow the quantification and study of the fate of metallic trace elements (Pb, Zn, Cd, etc.) and many organic micropollutants in water and sediments. For other elements such as rare earths or platinum group elements, which are increasingly used by industry, their quantification remains more complex and even uncertain due to their very low concentrations. Their quantification is practically impossible without the use of preconcentration techniques or the development of specific analytical methods to reduce the spectral interferences linked to interferents present in high concentrations in the environment. This research work has allowed (i) to quantify precisely these elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry combined with the use of a collision/reaction cell by judiciously choosing the gas and its flow applied in the cell ; (ii) to preconcentrate in situ and then determine concentrations ranging from pg L-1 to ng L-1 for platinum group elements, in areas impacted by human activities (road leaching, Pt-based drug releases), by developing passive sampling techniques called "Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGTs)" based on the use of two different resins, and (iii) to better understand how some of these elements can be used as tracers of urban discharges, particularly in connection with wastewater treatment plants containing domestic and hospital discharges, in addition to the tracers usually used. To this end, the Marque River served as a pilot site for this prospective study during a period of low water levels. These studies made it possible to determine the current concentrations of rare earths and platinum in environments heavily impacted by human activities, making it possible to monitor their evolution and evaluate their potential impact in the future