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Academic literature on the topic 'Eau – Épuration – Élimination des acides haloacétiques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Eau – Épuration – Élimination des acides haloacétiques"
Berthiaume, Christine. "Caractérisation du biofilm en lien avec la dégradation des acides haloacétiques dans un réseau de distribution d'eau potable." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27815/27815.pdf.
Full textSanterre, Gabrielle. "Variabilité spatio-temporelle des THM et AHA iodés dans l'eau potable." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32884.
Full textThe use of oxidants, such as sodium hypochlorite, is a very effective strategy in treating water to inactivate microorganisms responsible for several diseases. However, their use also favors the formation of disinfection by-products (SPD), such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. The presence of iodide and bromide also allows the formation of other families of SPD, iodinated trihalomethanes (THMi) and iodinated haloacetic acids (AHAi). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the variability of THMi and AHAi in two small distribution networks in the Quebec City region (R1 and R2) and to measure the removal of THMi when using household filters. Water sampling took place between June and December 2017 at various points in the water treatment plant and in the distribution network. For the R1 network, mean concentrations of 2.99 μg / L in iodinated THM and 0.74 μg / L in iodinated AHA were observed, while the maximum concentration achieved was 4.02 μg / L for THMs. iodized and 2.46 μg / L for iodinated AHAs. Mean concentrations of 2.98 μg / L in iodinated THM and 0.51 μg / L in iodinated AHA were observed in Network R2, while the maximum concentration obtained was 4.05 μg / L for iodinated THMs. and 2.33 μg / L for iodinated AHAs. Iodine THM and iodinated AHA concentrations increase in the plant, particularly because of post-chlorination and passage of water through the contact basin. The iodinated THM concentrations then remain stable in the distribution network while those of the iodinated AHAs decrease. On the other hand, the removal of THMi is very effective after filtration of water on a BritaMD type household filter, with an average removal percentage of 100%.
Gao, Jianan. "Occurrence de sous-produits émergents dans l'eau potable ozonée : cas des acétaldéhydes halogénés." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66318.
Full textDisinfection of drinking water with chlorine results in the inactivation of targeted pathogens and the control of microbial growth during the transportation through the distribution system, while in the presence of naturally occurring organic and inorganic matter, disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed. For instance, trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) are regulated in many countries. In order to meet the regulations, ultraviolet irradiation and other oxidants such as ozone, chlorine dioxide or chloramines are used as alternative disinfectants for primary disinfection. Ozonation is commonly applied during water treatment not only due to the intended reduction in the levels of regulated THMs and HAAs but also its numerous advantages as oxidant and disinfectant. However, the use of chlorine or chloramines following ozonation is generally required to ensure the safety of drinking water in distribution systems due to the short half-life of ozone. Unfortunately, this disinfection scenario (ozone-chlorine/chloramines) promotes the formation of halogenated acetaldehydes (HALs), which attract more and more attention in the last years due to their abundance in drinking water (third largest group of identified DBPs by weight) and their relatively high cytotoxicity. This thesis is therefore devoted to improving the knowledge about the occurrence and spatio-temporal variability of HALs as well as the levels of human exposure to these contaminants in ozonated drinking water. First, various parameters (pH, quenching agent and sample holding limit) were optimized for sample preservation in order to analyze trihalogenated acetaldehydes (THALs) and dihalogenated acetaldehydes (DHALs) using a consolidated analytical method. Subsequently, four sampling campaigns were conducted over two years (between 2017 and 2019) in two drinking water systems. The first one-year sampling campaign generated a robust database of HALs regarding their behavior in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) and the spatio-temporal variability in distribution networks. Then the relationship between ozonation and HAL variation in treated water was assessed during a one-month intensive sampling campaign, in a DWTP where changes regarding ozonation procedures occurred. Finally, two more sampling campaigns were carried out to evaluate the effects of household tap water handling on the exposure of HALs. The results allow to identify the contributing factors to HAL formation in drinking water and to determine strategies of household handling for the control of HAL exposure via drinking water. The prediction of the occurrence of THALs based on THMs was made possible because of the strong correlations between THM levels and THAL levels in both drinking water systems.
Rochette, Simon. "Variabilité du temps de séjour, du chlore et des sous-produits chlorés de la désinfection à l'échelle d'un quartier résidentiel." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26677.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of chlorinated disinfection by-products (DBPs), more specifically trihalomethanes (THM) and haloacetic acids (HAA), and the residence time of water (RT) in a water distribution network (DN) on the scale of a residential neighborhood. A specific residential area in the DN of Quebec City was chosen in order to conduct this study. This area covers approximately 2 km2 and is inhabited by nearly 6000 citizens. The first chapter of this thesis is a literature review addressing free residual chlorine as well as THMs and HAAs concentrations in DNs, monitoring of water quality, modeling of RT and the impact of aging and rehabilitation of pipes on RT and water quality. The second chapter focuses specifically on the analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of free residual chlorine, THMs, HAAs and RT. This variability is studied and a dominant dimension between the spatial and temporal aspect is identified for residual chlorine, THMs and HAAs using generalized linear mixed models. Then, the potential of RT as a water quality indicator for residual chlorine, THMs and HAAs is analyzed by a Wilcoxon signed ranks test. In the third chapter, a sensitivity analysis of RT is performed with different hydraulic scenarios. The scenarios considered are additional aging and rehabilitation of pipes to assess the effect on RT relative to a reference scenario representing the best state of knowledge of the studied area. The effects on RT are also studied in the context of their potential impact on free residual chlorine concentrations. Finally, the impact of the uncertainty of hydraulic parameters (diameter, roughness factor, water demand) on RT is investigated with Monte-Carlo simulations.
Mackeown, Henry. "Evaluation de la réduction du potentiel de formation des trihalométhanes et des acides haloacétiques par des procédés de traitement de l’eau potable : application sur des eaux impactées par les ions iodure et bromure." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R059.
Full textDisinfectants react with natural organic matter (NOM) to produce undesired disinfection by-products (DBPs). Drinking water resources in coastal areas can be impacted by higher concentrations of iodide leading to the formation of iodinated DBPs which are more toxic than their brominated and chlorinated analogues. Two analytical methods to analyse DBPs by headspace-trap gas chromatography were developed at Lille University: one for the trihalomethanes – with a focus on iodinated species (I-THMs) – and one for the haloacetic acids (HAAs). Those methods were implemented in a collaboration with De Watergroep to look at the removal of these DBP precursors in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant as well as in the assessment of ion exchange resins, as part of an ambitious project to modernize the plant. As well as formation potential tests on real waters, different scenarios of increasing iodide and bromide concentrations were tested. The results were also related to the characterization of the natural organic matter, with the removal of humic substances and building blocks leading to the greatest abatement of THM formation potential during coagulation-decantation and ion exchange treatment. Preformed I-THMs and HAAs were greatly removed by the granular activated carbon filters in the full scale plant, reducing the overall relative cytotoxicity. Amberlite IRA410 had the best performance amongst 4 resins on NOM removal and DBP formation potential reduction
Kazpard, Véronique. "Mécanismes d'agrégation d'un acide humique synthétique : influence de la nature du coagulant et conséquences sur la siccité des gâteaux de filtration." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL057N.
Full textFreyfer, Diab Adams. "Sous-produits de chloration dans les eaux de piscine - Effet de l'ozonation." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2310/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study of the formation of disinfection by-products during the chlorination of public swimming pools water. In parallel to its disinfecting action, chlorine reacts with organic and inorganic compounds introduced into the swimming pool water by bathers (urine, sweat, ...) to form undesirable by-products (chloramines and organohalogenated matters).A statistical study of the presence of urea, the major component of urine and sweat, and the main precursor compound of inorganic chloramines, in public swimming poolwater has been made. Measured concentrations were between 0.14 and 3.67 mg/L (mean value: 1.08 mg/L, s.d: 0.70 mg/L). The study of the reactivity of chlorine with urea (kinetic and chlorine consumption) made under different experimental conditions, showed a very high stability of urea in the presence of free chlorine in the pools water.Analysis of chlorination by-products showed that chloral hydrate, with the dichloro and the trichloroacetic acids, is one of the major chlorination by-products found. This study also determined the kinetic rate constant of hydrolysis of chloral hydrate in water, the influence of the pH and the temperature on the rate of hydrolysis and the potential of chloral hydrate formation from some constituents of the urine.The last part of this work was focused on the study of the reactivity of ozone on chlorine and some disinfection by-products, as well as the study of the impact of preozonation of swimming pools water (in absence and presence of free chlorine) on the formation of organohalogenated by-products during a post-chlorination