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Academic literature on the topic 'Eau – Épuration – Modèles mathématiques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Eau – Épuration – Modèles mathématiques"
Marquot, Aurélien. "Modélisation du traitement de l'azote par boues activées en sites réels : calage et évaluation du modèle ASM1." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3016.
Full textWastewater treatment by activated sludge was progressively improved in order to remove not only carbonaceous pollutants but also nitrogen and phosphorus. In parallel, mathematical models were developed to represent the complex processes resulting from the biomass activity. This led to the complete description of carbon and nitrogen removal by the Activated Sludge Model n°1 (ASM1, 1987). This model, and all the following ones, are nowadays implemented in simulation software and used as design and operation support tools. Nevertheless the use of simulation in the wastewater treatment field requires high expertise. Furthermore, research must be continued on both models development and protocol for their calibration. In this context the PhD was carried out with the goals of updating Cemagref's recommendations for design and operation of French wastewater treatment plants, and participating to the international research presently carried out by the IWA task group “Guidelines for Use of Activated Sludge Models”. This document first introduces nitrogen removal by activated sludge and the corresponding models. ASM1 was selected for a full-scale survey. This 22-month study aimed at obtaining a calibration of the model parameters. Site characteristics have strongly influenced the development of monitoring methods and calibration/validation procedures adapted for intermittent aeration system. In parallel, laboratory experiments were performed to determine additional model parameters. The results allowed the evaluation of both the model robustness through several calibration campaigns and its capacity to represent real operation of the plant, especially under strong constraints such as nitrification inhibition. This modelling experience with full-scale data was used to simulate “advanced scenarios”. These scenarios aimed at understanding the advantages of simulation compared to conventional design methods. They also allowed deeper assessment of the model mechanisms and limitations. Finally, prospective scenarios compare several design and operation strategies when facing crisis event, such as erratic sludge wastage, rain events, or inhibition of nitrification
Petitjean, Alain Bernard Nicolas. "Modélisation des transferts réactifs diphasiques dans les filtres verticaux pour le traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6175.
Full textOxygen renewal, as a prominent phenomenon for aerobic bacterial activity, deeply impacts Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (VFCW) treatment efficiency. We introduce a multiphase model able to simulate multi-component transfer in VFCWs. It is based on a two-phase flow module, and a transport module. The flow module can quantify both water and air velocities throughout the filter during operation. The reactive transport module follows dissolved and gaseous oxygen concentrations, and the transport of solutes such as ammonium and readily biodegradable COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). The consumption of components is governed by Monod-type kinetics. Heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria, which are responsible for COD and ammonium degradation respectively, are part of the model components. The kinetics are based on the Constructed Wetlands Model 1. The results from the simulation tool were compared with existing experimental data, and two kinds of operation with VFCWs were investigated. The authors show strong interplay between oxygen renewal and bacterial consumption in case of sequential batch feeding with transient flooding of surface. Oxygen renewal is essentially convection mediated in such operation, while convection is not significant in non-flooding operation. Simulated bacterial patterns are impacted by the operation, both quantitatively and spatially. From a modelling point of view, the authors highlight some limitations of the biological model : the description of bacterial lysis processes needs to be enhanced, as well as ammonium adsorption to organic matter
Bancole, Apolline. "L'oxydation en infiltration percolation." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20072.
Full textBernier, Jean. "Modélisation simultanée de l'enlèvement des nutriments et de l'évolution de la perte de charge en biofiltration des eaux usées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30528/30528.pdf.
Full textBiofiltration of wastewater is a fixed-film treatment process which is frequently used in some European countries (France, Germany) and can also be found in a few Canadian cities. It consists in pumping the wastewater through a bed of media on which the purifying bacteria grow and consume the nutrients contained in the water, and which captures and retains suspended solids. Both phenomena lead to a gradual accumulation of biomass and particles, requiring an increase of the water injection pressure in order to keep the water flowing. Once a certain maximum pressure is reached however, treatment must be paused while the biofilter is being backwashed to remove a fraction of the biofilm located on the media. The presence of several phenomena involved during treatment by biofiltration makes this process complex to model as a whole. Hence, most studies on the subject have focused on modeling only a fraction of these phenomena at the same time. In this context, a modeling study aiming to simulate both the pollutant removal and the evolution of headloss occurring during the biofiltration of wastewater is performed. A complete biofiltration model is first built in Matlab®. Several datasets describing the behaviour of a biofilter on both short and long time scales are then used to calibrate the model. Calibration is made individually for three different treatment types (secondary treatment, tertiary nitrification and post-denitrification), in each case performed on full-sized plants. Calibration results show that it is possible in most cases to obtain correct predictions on both pollutant concentrations at the biofilter effluent and on the headloss created during treatment. Some improvements to the filtration sub-model are worth considering, but predictions otherwise globally follow the observed trends. The obtained results allow envisioning the possibility of taking into account both the pollutant removal efficiency and the headloss evolution when using a model to support process optimization, to run different scenario analyses, or even to create control strategies on a biofiltration system.
Benbelkacem, Hassen. "Modélisation du transfert de matière couplé avec une réaction chimique en réacteur fermé." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0024.
Full textThis work is related to ozone treatment of organic wastes, a gas-liquid reaction. In the first part, a model is proposed for the description of a semi-batch gas-liquid reactor. This model accounts for mass transfer and for irreversible chemical reactions. Using Matlab, the film model is solved and the results are included in the mass balances within the reactor. The 'intermediate regime' is specially studied by introducing a new parameter, the depletion factor D. Associated with the enhancement factor E, it allows the determination of the part of reaction occurring within the film. The second part of this work is specifically related to ozone treatment of organic wastes. Experiments on maleic acid and fumaric acid ozonation are conducted in a bubble column reactor. The rate constants are determined by a trial and error method which compares experimental and numerical results. The ozone fraction reacting within the film is also determined by following the variation of E and D with time
Casellas-Français, Magali. "Mise en oeuvre, modélisation, optimisation et contrôle d'un procédé discontinu séquentiel (SBR) : application au traitement du carbone, de l'azote, du phosphore et des matières en suspension d'eaux résiduaires urbaines." Limoges, 2002. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c7b8b1be-7f59-4700-ba14-86cff384c513/blobholder:0/2002LIMO0035.pdf.
Full textWastewater treatment optimization requires the installation of reliable processes and a control of operating conditions. In this context, discontinuous processes like SBR, working on the principle of alternating reaction, settling and purge phases is investigated. A development process methodology based on the use of mathematical simulations, lab scale experiments, full scale extrapolation and simple but robust control strategies is reported. The Benchmark of wastewater treatment associates a wastewater treatment model (ASM n°1 ofHENZE et al. , 1986) and a settling conditions model (TACKACS et al. , 1991). Combining both models allows for the simulation of an activated sludge process operation. An exhaustive bibliographic study could highlight different scenarios of SBR operations able to achieve carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and total suspended solids removal. Different time delays were investigated in order to identify two particular operating conditions : short cycles and long cycles. The use of the Benchmark associated with a critical identification of incoming variables of the model, was extended to the development of strategies for nitrogen removal improvement. This study, combined with an experimental study of phosphorus removal allowed to define a 24 hours cycle, improving denitrification rates but also highlighting problems related to temporal variations of incoming load. In order to solve this problem, a special procedure , based on the use of three sensors : pH, ORP, dissolved oxygen, was investigated and full scale commissioned, in order to control with accuracy operating conditions
Hamdaoui, Oualid. "Contribution à l'étude et à la modélisation des phénomènes d'adsorption-désorption de composés organiques sur charbon actif en grain en l'absence et en présence d'ultrasons." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS047.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study and model the adsorption of phenol and chlorophenols onto granular activated carbon and to specify the feasibility of using ultrasound to enhance the desorption of these organic compounds from the adsorbent. The study and modeling of the adsorption kinetics of phenolic compounds on activated carbon show that the two limiting stages of adsorption are the transport through the boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion. Isotherm modeling reveals that adsorption is in monolayer and it is carried out in definite and localised sites, the already occupied sites do not authorize the fixation of other molecules of adsorbate, the adsorbed phenolic molecules are pushed back and thus there is no association between them and the adsorption is carried out on energitecly different sites. The effects of ultrasound of various frequencies and intensities on adsorption-desorption processes of 4-chlorophenol on granular activated carbon were studied and discussed. Adsorption capacities obtained in the presence of ultrasound are lower than that observed in the absence of the ultrasonic field and they are inversely proportional to ultrasound intensity. Comparison of kinetic curves shows that the adsorption rate of 4-chlorophenol is higher in the presence of ultrasound. The desorption of 4-chlorophenol from the granular activated carbon surface was studied in the absence and presence of ultrasound of various frequencies and powers. The desorption rates obtained in the presence of ultrasonic field are largely higher than those observed in the absence of ultrasound. The amount of 4-chlorophenol desorbed increases with the intensity of ultrasound. Addition of naoh and/or ethanol to the system involves an increase of the amount of 4-chlorophenol desorbed, especially in the presence of ultrasound. The influence of ultrasound on desorption consists of their thermal and non-thermal effects. Sonochemical and sonophotochemical methods of regeneration of the activated carbon saturated with phenolic compound are very promising techniques which simultaneously lead to mineralize the organic compound and to regenerate the activated carbon. These techniques do not modify the specific surface and the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon after several cycles of adsorption-regeneration
Laurent, Robert. "Modélisation et identification des systèmes complexes : application à l'épuration biologique des eaux." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10042.
Full textWang, Rong-Yan. "Etude de l'hydrodynamique et du transfert de l'ozone dans une colonne à bulles en ascension libre." Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0023.
Full textSamie, Guillaume. "Modélisation d'une station par biofiltration." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26447/26447.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Eau – Épuration – Modèles mathématiques"
Shukla, Bhagwan S. Watershed, river, and lake modeling through environmental radioactivity. Hamilton, Ont: Environmental Research & Publications, 1993.
Find full textWilliam, James. Cognitive modeling of urban water systems. Guelph, Ont: CHI Press, 2011.
Find full text1937-, James William, and Computational Hydraulics International, eds. Reliable modeling of urban water systems. Guelph, Ont: CHI, 2008.
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