Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Eau – Épuration – Modèles mathématiques'
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Marquot, Aurélien. "Modélisation du traitement de l'azote par boues activées en sites réels : calage et évaluation du modèle ASM1." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3016.
Full textWastewater treatment by activated sludge was progressively improved in order to remove not only carbonaceous pollutants but also nitrogen and phosphorus. In parallel, mathematical models were developed to represent the complex processes resulting from the biomass activity. This led to the complete description of carbon and nitrogen removal by the Activated Sludge Model n°1 (ASM1, 1987). This model, and all the following ones, are nowadays implemented in simulation software and used as design and operation support tools. Nevertheless the use of simulation in the wastewater treatment field requires high expertise. Furthermore, research must be continued on both models development and protocol for their calibration. In this context the PhD was carried out with the goals of updating Cemagref's recommendations for design and operation of French wastewater treatment plants, and participating to the international research presently carried out by the IWA task group “Guidelines for Use of Activated Sludge Models”. This document first introduces nitrogen removal by activated sludge and the corresponding models. ASM1 was selected for a full-scale survey. This 22-month study aimed at obtaining a calibration of the model parameters. Site characteristics have strongly influenced the development of monitoring methods and calibration/validation procedures adapted for intermittent aeration system. In parallel, laboratory experiments were performed to determine additional model parameters. The results allowed the evaluation of both the model robustness through several calibration campaigns and its capacity to represent real operation of the plant, especially under strong constraints such as nitrification inhibition. This modelling experience with full-scale data was used to simulate “advanced scenarios”. These scenarios aimed at understanding the advantages of simulation compared to conventional design methods. They also allowed deeper assessment of the model mechanisms and limitations. Finally, prospective scenarios compare several design and operation strategies when facing crisis event, such as erratic sludge wastage, rain events, or inhibition of nitrification
Petitjean, Alain Bernard Nicolas. "Modélisation des transferts réactifs diphasiques dans les filtres verticaux pour le traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6175.
Full textOxygen renewal, as a prominent phenomenon for aerobic bacterial activity, deeply impacts Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (VFCW) treatment efficiency. We introduce a multiphase model able to simulate multi-component transfer in VFCWs. It is based on a two-phase flow module, and a transport module. The flow module can quantify both water and air velocities throughout the filter during operation. The reactive transport module follows dissolved and gaseous oxygen concentrations, and the transport of solutes such as ammonium and readily biodegradable COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). The consumption of components is governed by Monod-type kinetics. Heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria, which are responsible for COD and ammonium degradation respectively, are part of the model components. The kinetics are based on the Constructed Wetlands Model 1. The results from the simulation tool were compared with existing experimental data, and two kinds of operation with VFCWs were investigated. The authors show strong interplay between oxygen renewal and bacterial consumption in case of sequential batch feeding with transient flooding of surface. Oxygen renewal is essentially convection mediated in such operation, while convection is not significant in non-flooding operation. Simulated bacterial patterns are impacted by the operation, both quantitatively and spatially. From a modelling point of view, the authors highlight some limitations of the biological model : the description of bacterial lysis processes needs to be enhanced, as well as ammonium adsorption to organic matter
Bancole, Apolline. "L'oxydation en infiltration percolation." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20072.
Full textBernier, Jean. "Modélisation simultanée de l'enlèvement des nutriments et de l'évolution de la perte de charge en biofiltration des eaux usées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30528/30528.pdf.
Full textBiofiltration of wastewater is a fixed-film treatment process which is frequently used in some European countries (France, Germany) and can also be found in a few Canadian cities. It consists in pumping the wastewater through a bed of media on which the purifying bacteria grow and consume the nutrients contained in the water, and which captures and retains suspended solids. Both phenomena lead to a gradual accumulation of biomass and particles, requiring an increase of the water injection pressure in order to keep the water flowing. Once a certain maximum pressure is reached however, treatment must be paused while the biofilter is being backwashed to remove a fraction of the biofilm located on the media. The presence of several phenomena involved during treatment by biofiltration makes this process complex to model as a whole. Hence, most studies on the subject have focused on modeling only a fraction of these phenomena at the same time. In this context, a modeling study aiming to simulate both the pollutant removal and the evolution of headloss occurring during the biofiltration of wastewater is performed. A complete biofiltration model is first built in Matlab®. Several datasets describing the behaviour of a biofilter on both short and long time scales are then used to calibrate the model. Calibration is made individually for three different treatment types (secondary treatment, tertiary nitrification and post-denitrification), in each case performed on full-sized plants. Calibration results show that it is possible in most cases to obtain correct predictions on both pollutant concentrations at the biofilter effluent and on the headloss created during treatment. Some improvements to the filtration sub-model are worth considering, but predictions otherwise globally follow the observed trends. The obtained results allow envisioning the possibility of taking into account both the pollutant removal efficiency and the headloss evolution when using a model to support process optimization, to run different scenario analyses, or even to create control strategies on a biofiltration system.
Benbelkacem, Hassen. "Modélisation du transfert de matière couplé avec une réaction chimique en réacteur fermé." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0024.
Full textThis work is related to ozone treatment of organic wastes, a gas-liquid reaction. In the first part, a model is proposed for the description of a semi-batch gas-liquid reactor. This model accounts for mass transfer and for irreversible chemical reactions. Using Matlab, the film model is solved and the results are included in the mass balances within the reactor. The 'intermediate regime' is specially studied by introducing a new parameter, the depletion factor D. Associated with the enhancement factor E, it allows the determination of the part of reaction occurring within the film. The second part of this work is specifically related to ozone treatment of organic wastes. Experiments on maleic acid and fumaric acid ozonation are conducted in a bubble column reactor. The rate constants are determined by a trial and error method which compares experimental and numerical results. The ozone fraction reacting within the film is also determined by following the variation of E and D with time
Casellas-Français, Magali. "Mise en oeuvre, modélisation, optimisation et contrôle d'un procédé discontinu séquentiel (SBR) : application au traitement du carbone, de l'azote, du phosphore et des matières en suspension d'eaux résiduaires urbaines." Limoges, 2002. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c7b8b1be-7f59-4700-ba14-86cff384c513/blobholder:0/2002LIMO0035.pdf.
Full textWastewater treatment optimization requires the installation of reliable processes and a control of operating conditions. In this context, discontinuous processes like SBR, working on the principle of alternating reaction, settling and purge phases is investigated. A development process methodology based on the use of mathematical simulations, lab scale experiments, full scale extrapolation and simple but robust control strategies is reported. The Benchmark of wastewater treatment associates a wastewater treatment model (ASM n°1 ofHENZE et al. , 1986) and a settling conditions model (TACKACS et al. , 1991). Combining both models allows for the simulation of an activated sludge process operation. An exhaustive bibliographic study could highlight different scenarios of SBR operations able to achieve carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and total suspended solids removal. Different time delays were investigated in order to identify two particular operating conditions : short cycles and long cycles. The use of the Benchmark associated with a critical identification of incoming variables of the model, was extended to the development of strategies for nitrogen removal improvement. This study, combined with an experimental study of phosphorus removal allowed to define a 24 hours cycle, improving denitrification rates but also highlighting problems related to temporal variations of incoming load. In order to solve this problem, a special procedure , based on the use of three sensors : pH, ORP, dissolved oxygen, was investigated and full scale commissioned, in order to control with accuracy operating conditions
Hamdaoui, Oualid. "Contribution à l'étude et à la modélisation des phénomènes d'adsorption-désorption de composés organiques sur charbon actif en grain en l'absence et en présence d'ultrasons." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS047.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study and model the adsorption of phenol and chlorophenols onto granular activated carbon and to specify the feasibility of using ultrasound to enhance the desorption of these organic compounds from the adsorbent. The study and modeling of the adsorption kinetics of phenolic compounds on activated carbon show that the two limiting stages of adsorption are the transport through the boundary layer and intraparticle diffusion. Isotherm modeling reveals that adsorption is in monolayer and it is carried out in definite and localised sites, the already occupied sites do not authorize the fixation of other molecules of adsorbate, the adsorbed phenolic molecules are pushed back and thus there is no association between them and the adsorption is carried out on energitecly different sites. The effects of ultrasound of various frequencies and intensities on adsorption-desorption processes of 4-chlorophenol on granular activated carbon were studied and discussed. Adsorption capacities obtained in the presence of ultrasound are lower than that observed in the absence of the ultrasonic field and they are inversely proportional to ultrasound intensity. Comparison of kinetic curves shows that the adsorption rate of 4-chlorophenol is higher in the presence of ultrasound. The desorption of 4-chlorophenol from the granular activated carbon surface was studied in the absence and presence of ultrasound of various frequencies and powers. The desorption rates obtained in the presence of ultrasonic field are largely higher than those observed in the absence of ultrasound. The amount of 4-chlorophenol desorbed increases with the intensity of ultrasound. Addition of naoh and/or ethanol to the system involves an increase of the amount of 4-chlorophenol desorbed, especially in the presence of ultrasound. The influence of ultrasound on desorption consists of their thermal and non-thermal effects. Sonochemical and sonophotochemical methods of regeneration of the activated carbon saturated with phenolic compound are very promising techniques which simultaneously lead to mineralize the organic compound and to regenerate the activated carbon. These techniques do not modify the specific surface and the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon after several cycles of adsorption-regeneration
Laurent, Robert. "Modélisation et identification des systèmes complexes : application à l'épuration biologique des eaux." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10042.
Full textWang, Rong-Yan. "Etude de l'hydrodynamique et du transfert de l'ozone dans une colonne à bulles en ascension libre." Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0023.
Full textSamie, Guillaume. "Modélisation d'une station par biofiltration." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26447/26447.pdf.
Full textTik, Sovanna. "Contrôle d'un système intégré d'assainissement urbain basé sur la qualité de l'eau vers des stratégies tolérantes aux fautes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40351.
Full textRegulation concerning urban wastewater management is evolving towards a holistic approach which leads stakeholders to increasingly consider the integrated urban wastewater system(IUWS), including the sewer system and the water resource recovery facility (WRRF), as a whole. This change of paradigm opens doors to new collaborations between the traditionally separated fields of urban drainage and wastewater treatment operation and research. In this context of innovation and integration, modelling is going to be a key tool, granting a better understanding of the complexity of interactions between the different parts of the IUWS. At the same time, the IUWS has to become more resilient to face the impacts of climate change, the long-term effects of which are difficult to quantify. Still, climate change experts agree on the increasing probability of occurrence of high intensity rain events, reaching the limits of current wastewater infrastructure operational capacities. In order for these infrastructures to continue to provide adequate performance with respect to current norms and regulations, while limiting costs and budgetary needs, flexible solutions, such as implementing real-time control (RTC) systems, should be considered. Especially since recent technological developments bring new and more reliable tools to measure water quality, and also to analyse and manage large quantities of data.This study focuses on the behaviour of the particulate pollution in the IUWS, an important water quality indicator, commonly measured as the total suspended solids (TSS) concentrationand highly correlated with turbidity measurement. As turbidity sensors are readilyavailable with increasing reliability, their operational use can be envisioned. The objective of this thesis is to develop and assess water quality-based control strategies for the IUWS. An integrated - sewer and WRRF - model, using the particle settling velocity distribution (PSVD) approach, has been proposed. This approach improves the description of particle settling and resuspension in the whole system, allowing a better forecast of TSS concentration dynamics, especially during rain events. Based on this integrated model, innovative water quality-based control strategies, aiming at reducing overall discharge of particulate pollutants (and the heavy metals, pathogens, etc. that come with it) to the receiving water during wet weather, have been proposed and successfully tested. Experimental studies demonstrated that turbidity sensors installed in the IUWS are subject to harsh conditions, leading to faulty sensor signals. The performance loss due to the use of water quality-based control strategies affected by a faulty turbidity signal has been evaluatedin detail and this has demonstrated the need for fault detection tools. When a faulty signal is detected, alarms will allow operators to decide which operating mode should be used instead of the one using the now faulty sensor. Alternatively, automatic responses and changes could be implemented to counteract the effects of a faulty signal. This last option, called downgraded operating mode, which implies reverting to a control strategy that does not use the faulty signal, has been simulated and tested. If the fault is detected within reasonable time (which depends on the system dynamics), these simulations have shown that part of the increase of performance gained with the water quality-based strategy using the good signal, can be maintained. The results of this study thus present a strong case for optimizing wastewater infrastructure operations, especially when they are considered as an integrated system, instead of autonomous and mutually exclusive systems. Furthermore, the developed integrated model may be use as a decision support tool to help determine the best possible (integrated) controlstrategy. Keywords : chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT); integrated modelling; integratedurban wastewater system (IUWS); real-time control (RTC); stormwater management.
Mesplé, Fabrice. "Modélisation des processus biologiques et physico-chimiques dans un écosystème aquatique eutrophe : le lagunage à haut rendement." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON13514.
Full textMandel, Pierre. "Modelling ozonation processes for disinfection by-product cotnrol in potable water treatment : from laboratory to industrial units." Rennes 1, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564767.
Full textFacing major challenges, management of ozonation process will increasingly need prediction tools based on modelling. Dealing with different types of waters (chemistry) and different types of tanks (hydraulics), modelling of ozonation units has to adapt to site-specific conditions. The main objective of this work was to develop an integrated modelling procedure for industrial ozonation processes for predicting concentration profiles of: ozone, bromate and specific micropollutants. Two types of chemical models were considered: semi-empirical models with adjustable kinetics (for the role of Natural Organic Matter, NOM) and mechanistic models with predetermined kinetics (for other phenomena related to ozonation). Hydraulic flow conditions were modelled by systematic networks (patterns of ideal reactors). Ozone decomposition, hydroxyl radical generation and bromate formation were studied at lab-scale with a specially developed apparatus. Various experimental conditions were tested: pH, temperature, ozone doses, initial bromide concentrations, concentration of NOM and nature of NOM. The model was able to adequately reproduce experimental measurements for nine of the eleven water samples studied, covering a wide domain: 6. 1 ≤pH ≤8. 15; 1. 02 meq. L-1≤ AT ≤6. 02 meq. L-1; 0-. 0. 5 mg. L-1≤TOC≤3. 1 mg. L-1. For bromate, considering the crucial zone between the quantification limit and 20 µg. L-1, a large majority of the simulated concentrations corresponded to experimental concentrations or were located in the experimental uncertainty interval. A full-scale study showed that models calibrated at lab-scale may be used directly on-site to predict the formation of bromate and ozone profiles. Readjustments of the model for bromate formation should however account for seasonal changes
Nguyen, Khuong-Minh. "Description et modélisation des films biologiques aérobies." Toulouse, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAT0018.
Full textGarneau, Cyril. "Simplification automatique de modèle et étude du régime permanent." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21802.
Full textLes modèles mathématiques servant à simuler le comportement de stations d'épurations représentent un outil puissant pour concevoir une nouvelle installation ou prédire le comportement d'une station d'épuration déjà existante. Cependant, ces modèles ne fournissent aucune information sur un système particulier sans un algorithme pour les résoudre. Il existe actuellement un grand nombre d'algorithmes d'intégration capables de calculer la solution d'un modèle avec précision. Cependant, les temps de calcul en jeux représentent toujours l'un des obstacles à une utilisation extensive des modèles. Deux approches permettent de réduire les temps de calcul, à savoir l'utilisation de matériel informatique plus puissant ou le développement de logiciels et algorithmes plus performants. L'objectif principal de ce mémoire est de proposer une troisième voie, soit la simplification automatique d'un modèle sur la base de ses valeurs propres. Le jacobien, une approximation locale du modèle, est utilisé comme base de l'étude des valeurs propres. Une méthode d'homotopie est ensuite utilisée pour maintenir le lien entre les valeurs propres et les variables d'état d'un jacobien simplifié à sa seule diagonale aux valeurs propres du jacobien entier. Puisque les valeurs propres représentent une approximation valable de la dynamique des variables d'état d'un modèle, il est possible de trier ces variables d'état sur la base de leurs valeurs propres associées. Les variables d'état présentant une dynamique très rapide par rapport à l'échelle de temps d'intérêt seront alors considérées comme étant toujours à l'équilibre, ce qui permet de négliger leur dynamique transitoire et donc d'accélérer la résolution du modèle. Cette simplification est réalisée à l'intérieur d'un algorithme d'intégration de type Diagonal Implicite de Runge-Kutta capable de résoudre des systèmes d'équations différentielles et algébriques. Ce mémoire s'attaque également à un cas particulier de la simulation, soit le calcul du régime permanent. Ce calcul peut être réalisé par des algorithmes performants ne recherchant que les valeurs des variables d'état mettant à zéro les équations différentielles. Ces algorithmes sont cependant peu fiables puisque toute solution mathématique est jugée valide, peu importe la réalité physique. La solution proposée est l'injection de connaissance sous forme de bornes aux valeurs que peuvent prendre les variables d'état. Des équations algébriques implicites sont construites automatiquement sur ces bornes pour forcer la convergence dans l'intervalle voulu.
Golinelli, Éric. "Élaboration d’un outil d'assistance à l'assainissement en milieu rural." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPLA002.
Full textNeeds for natural environment protection are increasing at a world scale. Sewage treatment installations of local collectivities have to comply with the European legislation. The deadlines are December 31, 2005. The aim of our research is the proposition of a methodology for developing an aid to representation tool in order to conduct such environmental projects. This tool is intended to small French local collectivities of less than 1000 inhabitants. The originality of this work consists, according to a simple formalism, in integrating into the same tool relationships of actors in the project, technical and organizational legislative obligations and sewage treatment processes adapted to small collectivities. In a first part, the implementation of a sewage treatment in rural environment is tackled as a social fact at both the world and local levels. Through the second part, the project is then defined according to a three poles representation: impulse, strategy and management. Impulse consists in understanding the project according to a general model developed from a complex reality. The implementation of the strategy of the project provides a long-term vision, bringing to actors the means for acting in a common sense. Managing the project finally consists in leading actions or correcting them using indicators in order to reach the target defined in the strategy pole. In a last part, an application of the aid to representation tool to a real case is suggested. This case is based on a global approach. Law and processes adapted in rural environment are also integrated. As a result, the presented work links organization and technology, while understanding the state of what the system was, what it is all along the project and what it will become
SIMON, SANDRA. "Etude d'un chenal d'oxydation par des approches globales et locales : hydrodynamique et transfert de matiere." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0023.
Full textHauduc, Hélène. "Modèles biocinétiques de boues activées de type ASM : analyse théorique et fonctionnelle, vers un jeu de paramètres par défaut." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22384.
Full textMathematical modelling of activated sludge systems has become a widely accepted tool and is used in particular for optimization and upgrading of existing plants and for new facilities design, either by engineering and consulting companies, or university and research centers. Ensuring the adequate quality of modelling results is therefore essential. However, an international survey conducted among 96 potential users of activated sludge models (ASM) pointing to two main obstacles to the use of modelling: the selection of the model to use among the available models and the model calibration. The objective of this work was to provide elements to overcome these obstacles and to promote the wider use of biokinetic models for activated sludge systems. It focused on seven published models: (1) ASM1, (2) ASM2d, (3) ASM3, (4) ASM3+BioP, (5) ASM2d+TUD, (6) Barker & Dold and (7) UCTPHO+. First, an analysis of practical knowledge on the models was performed to improve the transfer of modelling knowledge. A database of practical modelling applications from published case studies and from the answers of a questionnaire sent to model users was created. This database enables to establish ranges of parameter values commonly used for the ASM1 and ASM2d. Then the theoretical knowledge on ASMs was analysed to help users to better understand the seven studied models and to select the model most appropriate to their project. The studied models were first verified and typing errors and inconsistencies have been corrected. The modelling concepts were compared to each other through a new graphical representation, and confronted with knowledge about the biology of activated sludge, in order to highlight the theoretical limits of each model. Finally, a methodology has been developed to obtain default parameter values that could be used as initial values for model calibration. To this end, an automated calibration procedure that allows calibration on multiple data sets was proposed. Then, the quality criteria used in environmental sciences have been synthesised. These criteria are required to determine the best set of parameters based on the goodness-of-fit of the model and to compare results from different models.
Nguyên, Viêt-Hai. "Formation interactive, expérimentation à distance, partage des ressources : application : automatique et ingénierie de l'environnement." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EMSE0035.
Full textThe surface treatments industry uses a lot of complex processes and toxic substances. It subjects to different regulations which are strict and limiting quantities of rejected pollutants in the nature. It is always difficult for industrials to comply to these regulations because of a more and more cutthroat competition. Thereof, this economic sector is naturally considered as a rich suggestion box for researchers. The diversity of used processes asks competences, knowledge and approaches from different fields. In the frame of this thesis, our works have focused on the rinsing system and the wastewater detoxication plants: decyanidation and dechrommation. Thanks to different approaches, these processes have been modeled and a simulation tool has been developed. Such a tool could answer to a lot of needs. It will be possible for industrials to optimize processes in taking into account different factors as cost, productivity as well as environmental impacts. In the engineering formation, i twill be easier for students to understand how industrial processes work and to familiarize with industrial constraints
Ayari, Houcine. "Modélisation mathématique de la décantation lamellaire des boues activées." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT007G.
Full textWang, Shizhong. "Application et modélisation mathématique du réacteur anaérobie à biofilm à lit mobile au traitement du perméate du lait." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS025.
Full textAnaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (AMBBR) possess satisfying performance in wastewater treatment. However, no implementation of AMBBR in treating dairy wastewater has ever been reported. In this research, a series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the operational parameters of AMBBR. Subsequently, the performance of AMBBR in treating milk permeate wastewaters (COD up to 70 g. 1-1) were studied and simulated by a mathematical model. Main conclusions are drawn as below : 1) Operational parameters had obvious impacts on AMBBR performance. AMBBR was efficient in treating milk permeate wastewaters. Results indicated that AMBBR worked better under mesophilic condition in treating high strength milk permeate wastewaters. It possessed satisfying performance which was comparative to other digester technologies; 2) Kinetic analysis is efficient in assessing the capability of AMBBR. It could be à simple and efficient measure for the assessment and prediction of AMBBR performance when mathematical modeling is not available. 3) a mathematical model of AMBBR was first developed and well validated. The AMBBR model was developed based on the ADMI (Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1) and other biofllm reactor models. The idea of model development could be referred to when carrying out modeling research on other biofilm reactors
Cazal, Elodie. "Etude des potentialités des hydrocyclones dans le domaine du traitement des eaux de ruissellement." Toulouse, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAT0013.
Full textVallet, Bertrand Sébastien. "Modélisation d'un bassin d'orage en vue de l'amélioration de la qualité des rivières par la gestion en temps réel." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22929.
Full textThe development of real-time control rules of sluice gates located at a stormwater basin outlet requires testing various options, taking in account weather forecasts, water quality of the upstream river, river flow and water quality in the stormwater basin, by using long-term simulations to allow improved ecohydraulics of rivers. To do so, these rules have to be tested by using an integrated “watershed - storm basin – river” system. In order to perform long-term simulations, a stormwater basin model with small computation time is needed, which simulates the water quality in the basin accurately in function of imposed operating conditions. The purpose of this thesis was to develop such stormwater basin model. The developed model is based on superimposed homogeneous layers creating a concentration gradient to represent local phenomena such as light penetration affecting the mortality of pathogens. It is also based on the definition of several particle classes characterized by their settling velocities; the latter being determined experimentally using ViCAs tests. It also includes pollutants associated with particles. The basic unit, called cell, is defined by a surface and a maximum height above which water overflows. Each cell has a time-variable water volume, divided into several layers and a constant volume sediment layer. To reproduce spatial heterogeneity of an experimental stormwater basin, it is necessary to connect several cells. Connections are then done layer by layer with the condition that the water levels of all cells are at the same water height. A theoretical model describing the concentrations of pathogens, including complex processes such as growth, adsorption on particles and light disinfection has also been developed The calibration of the model required experimental data which were collected by sampling in the summers of 2008, 2009 and 2010 on the basin Chauveau in the “des Rivières” district of Quebec City. First, the efficiency of the basin in its current operation was determined. An average removal efficiency of 39% for total suspended solids (TSS), 10% for ammonia and 20% for zinc was revealed. In a second step, the stormwater basin outlet was closed with a wooden structure equipped with a guillotine door to retain the water for varying periods of time. The second configuration of the basin significantly improved the efficiency of the basin for TSS (90%), ammonia (84%) and zinc (42%). Samples were also collected within the basin, revealing heterogeneity in TSS measurements between the area near the inlet and the area near the outlet for the first 20 hours of storage. The model showed its ability to adequately reproduce the behavior of the TSS concentrations using three particle classes defined by settling velocities of 80, 2 and 0.1 m/d. For the hydraulics, five cells were required to recreate the spatial heterogeneity revealed by the sampling campaigns. Finally, the addition of a resuspension flowrate was needed to model the increased outlet TSS concentrations at the end of emptying. The validation confirmed the good performance of the model for the hydraulics and the prediction of outlet TSS concentration. It has also revealed several points that require further research: the definition of the sediment resuspension flowrate, determination of the initial mass of sediments in the stormwater basin, the possibility of using more cells to better represent the hydraulics and the interest of running ViCAs tests associated with each phase of the runoff (the beginning, the flow peak and the end). With this model, real-time control strategies for the outlet valve can now be tested.
Ferchichi, Mounir. "Epuration d'eau usée urbaine par lit bactérien et biodisques." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20056.
Full textKhdhiri, Hatem. "Épuration en eaux courantes : évaluation et modélisation de la capacité d'oxygénation dans les cascades et les chutes d'eau." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0216/document.
Full textThis work represents a part of polluted watercourses restoration by intensification of self-purification mechanisms essentially the degradation of organic matter and nitrogen. The main objective is to evaluate and model the air-water oxygen transfer by major hydraulic structures, namely stepped cascades and waterfalls. Aeration experiments conducted in a geometrically adjustable laboratory pilot, serving as stepped cascade and waterfall were used to assess the aeration potential of these structures as well as to study the geometrical an operating parameters effects. In a first approach, a global semi-empirical correlation for aeration efficiency calculation in stepped cascades, valid for a wide range of parameters, was developed, depending on water discharge, number of steps and chute slope, basing on our experimental measurements and data collected in publications. The same procedure was followed for developing a semi-empirical correlation to estimate the aeration efficiency of waterfalls in terms of the chute height, downstream water level and flowrate. In order to take into account the oxygen transfer phenomenon characteristics in stepped cascade (water volume and air-water exchange interfacial area), tracer experiments were associated with aeration experiments to allow measuring water volume and correlating the volume oxygen transfer coefficient kLa with the various parameters involved in the aeration mechanism. The interfacial specific area was numerically simulated using VOF approach depending on operating and geometrical parameters. A predictive equation for liquid film transfer coefficient kL calculation based on the parameters of influence was issued from both the simulations and experimental aeration measures
Hauduc, Hélène. "Modèles biocinétiques de boues activées de type ASM : Analyse théorique et fonctionnelle, vers un jeu de paramètres par défaut." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00564735.
Full textAdouani, Nouceiba. "Études des émissions de protoxyde d'azote lors du traitement biologique d'effluents azotés par dénitrification." Lorient, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LORIS123.
Full textN itrogen removal du ring biological denitrification with activated sludge generates gas emissions especially a powerful greenhouse gas, the nitrous oxide (N,O). This research aimed at determining the fundamental factors governing the production and emission of N,O. The experimental work was carried out with a ten liters batch reactor. Thanks to this work, we were able to draw and suggest many conclusions. The carbon source choice is very important as for N,O emitted quantity (74% ofN-N,O, 7. 4% and 1. 7% for acetate, OCDE and ethanol respectively). Moreover, it appears that N,O emissions are systematically observed when nitrites are present and their concentrations increased with the increase of nitrites concentrations. We also noticed that temperature is the most important parameter as for N,O emissions, low temperatures generates more emissions principally because of slowed enzymatic activities. N,O emissions moved from 13% to 82% wh en temperature was modified from 20 to soc. The impact of pH on denitrification (at 20°C) was demonstrated at pH=6. 5 with 23% of N,O emissions and the appearance of the intermediary NO at 2. 7% (N-NO), while pH of 7, 7. 5 and 8 generates the lowest and nearly identical N,O emissions. Variations of substrates concentrations and their ratio DCO/N between 3. 5 and 5 were identified as the less impacting factors on N,O emissions. Some of our experiences were modelled with ASM l, and sorne other results with the software PLAS. To put in coherence the whole experimental observations, we present an alternative scheme for denitrification reactions
Lavallée, Bernard. "Modélisation de comportements transitoires de la biomasse dans les procédés de boues activées à l'aide d'un modèle métabolique : Modelling of transient behavior of active biomass in activated sludge processes using a metabolic model." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21024.
Full textFor wastewater treatment, the activated sludge models (ASMs) 1, 2, and 3 of the International Water Association (IWA) are accepted as industrial standard. However, many authors have observed that the kinetic parameters of these models depend on the type of substrate, process configuration, and sludge age. Some publications showed that the kinetic parameters of ASMs could be influenced by regulation of enzyme production. In the models currently used to describe the activated sludge process, the distribution of the substrate flux between growth and storage is an empirical function. Therefore, an engineer aiming to make some modifications to a specific treatment system is not able to predict the response of the real system after the modifications and choose the right configuration or modifications with the same set of parameters. Sixty years ago, Monod (1949) proposed the application of the Michaelis Menten relation describing enzyme kinetics to a culture of micro-organisms. For the purpose of simplification, the mathematical relation proposed by Monod (1949) reduced the entire cell to a single enzyme genetically expressed at a single level. However, cell metabolism is based on a large number of biochemical reactions. Chapter 2 of this thesis reviews the literature to identify the controlling factors of cell metabolism and the regulation of the specific activity of the cell. The literature review was designed to highlight which regulation mechanisms induce a growth rate variation so that they can be expressed mathematically (dµ/dt). The study of these processes will focus on modeling the specific activity variation. The review is limited to heterotrophic prokaryote organisms growing under aerobic conditions. Cybernetic models are proposed for modeling cell growth and focus, among other things, on regulation of enzyme production, that is to say on induction. The objective of this work is to present an activated sludge model that mimics the enzymatic induction of active biomass within the framework of ASMs. In the proposed model presented in chapter 3, process rates are modulated according to the environmental conditions and cell history. In a first step, the model was fitted on the basis of data found in the literature. All data collected from short and long transient experiments were fitted with the same set of parameters, which was not possible with various models. The proposed model gave a more realistic picture of active biomass and of its specific activity under highly varying process conditions. In a second step, an experimental protocol is presented to perform the evaluation of the structured biomass model. The protocol was designed to induce transient behaviour and characterize the evolution of several internal biomass components. In chapter 5, the theoretical model proposed in chapter 3 is adapted to an experimental protocol and fitted to the collected data. In these experiments it was observed that filling the storage capacity of cells leads to special transient behaviour and a temporarily reduced metabolic activity. The model-based interpretation of the results showed that the observed transient behaviour can be explained by cross-regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Hence, according to an extensive literature review, the cross-regulation of carbon and nitrogen can be used to model some observed transient behavior and regulation of the storage process in activated sludge. In chapter 6, rRNA-structured biomass models are proposed to describe the metabolic status of cells using new molecular techniques in view of predicting the growth response (dµ/dt) of cells in the activated sludge process. The autocatalytic reaction rate of the synthesis of the PSS component (rRNA) can provide a mechanistic explanation for the growth response and the growth lag phase. The proposed models were able to properly describe and predict the growth response of the biomass in various types of reactor. Such models could be more widely applicable by using intrinsic model parameters, and this could be a key improvement as it could lead to improved models for design.
Foto, Bienvenu Armand Éric. "Elaboration d'un pilote de filtration horizontale pour la potabilisation de l'eau dans les pays en voie de développement : aspects (bio) physico-chimiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10006/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis concerned the elaboration of a horizontal flow filtration pilot in Central African Republic because of a lack of potable waters in this country. In the conception of this pilot, treatment processes which should be chosen for riverine water purification, have to be low energy cost and easy to be implemented. Taking into account these considerations, we decided to employ the low-filtration method with the sand as the adsorbent. Indeed, this latter is known to behave as a natural adsorbent through hydrogeological processes in sols. After itemizing pluviometric data. it was shown that ground-waters possessed good water quality, whereas aquifers in low depths were found to be instead contaminated. A pilot was built by respecting the recommendations established by Eaux de Paris located at Bangui Performances and quality of treated waters were followed up, and the data obtained during the running were found to be in good accordance first with potable-water criteria with a water production of 400L/h and second with water-quality norms which were usually recommended for a raw water before its chlorination. Modelisation tests on the transit of water in the pilot were carried out using MODFLOW. For model calibration, it was used the dye Fluorescein as a tracer. The adsorption properties of sand in this pilot were studied owing to the combined use of the techniques:SEM/EDS;BET;ICP-AES;CHNS;UV/visible. In comparison with the starting sand used in the construction of the pilot, all the data showed clearly that the adsorption capacity of this sand increases with time owing to surface modifications and clays and iron oxides / hydroxides depositions in cracks
Tardieu, Eric. "Caractérisation du colmatage dans un bioréacteur à membrane recirculé, appliqué au traitement d'eau résiduaire urbaine." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20146.
Full textPetit, Laurent. "Etude de la qualité des données pour la représentation des réseaux techniques urbains : applications au réseau d'assainissement." Artois, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ARTO0203.
Full textSchmitt, Alby. "Modélisation de l'épuration par infiltration." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20174.
Full textLavallée, Bernard. "Modélisation de comportements transitoires de la biomasse dans les procédés de boues activées à l'aide d'un modèle métabolique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26245/26245.pdf.
Full textFor wastewater treatment, the activated sludge models (ASMs) 1, 2, and 3 of the International Water Association (IWA) are accepted as industrial standard. However, many authors have observed that the kinetic parameters of these models depend on the type of substrate, process configuration, and sludge age. Some publications showed that the kinetic parameters of ASMs could be influenced by regulation of enzyme production. In the models currently used to describe the activated sludge process, the distribution of the substrate flux between growth and storage is an empirical function. Therefore, an engineer aiming to make some modifications to a specific treatment system is not able to predict the response of the real system after the modifications and choose the right configuration or modifications with the same set of parameters. Sixty years ago, Monod (1949) proposed the application of the Michaelis Menten relation describing enzyme kinetics to a culture of micro-organisms. For the purpose of simplification, the mathematical relation proposed by Monod (1949) reduced the entire cell to a single enzyme genetically expressed at a single level. However, cell metabolism is based on a large number of biochemical reactions. Chapter 2 of this thesis reviews the literature to identify the controlling factors of cell metabolism and the regulation of the specific activity of the cell. The literature review was designed to highlight which regulation mechanisms induce a growth rate variation so that they can be expressed mathematically (dµ/dt). The study of these processes will focus on modeling the specific activity variation. The review is limited to heterotrophic prokaryote organisms growing under aerobic conditions. Cybernetic models are proposed for modeling cell growth and focus, among other things, on regulation of enzyme production, that is to say on induction. The objective of this work is to present an activated sludge model that mimics the enzymatic induction of active biomass within the framework of ASMs. In the proposed model presented in chapter 3, process rates are modulated according to the environmental conditions and cell history. In a first step, the model was fitted on the basis of data found in the literature. All data collected from short and long transient experiments were fitted with the same set of parameters, which was not possible with various models. The proposed model gave a more realistic picture of active biomass and of its specific activity under highly varying process conditions. In a second step, an experimental protocol is presented to perform the evaluation of the structured biomass model. The protocol was designed to induce transient behaviour and characterize the evolution of several internal biomass components. In chapter 5, the theoretical model proposed in chapter 3 is adapted to an experimental protocol and fitted to the collected data. In these experiments it was observed that filling the storage capacity of cells leads to special transient behaviour and a temporarily reduced metabolic activity. The model-based interpretation of the results showed that the observed transient behaviour can be explained by cross-regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Hence, according to an extensive literature review, the cross-regulation of carbon and nitrogen can be used to model some observed transient behavior and regulation of the storage process in activated sludge. In chapter 6, rRNA-structured biomass models are proposed to describe the metabolic status of cells using new molecular techniques in view of predicting the growth response (dµ/dt) of cells in the activated sludge process. The autocatalytic reaction rate of the synthesis of the PSS component (rRNA) can provide a mechanistic explanation for the growth response and the growth lag phase. The proposed models were able to properly describe and predict the growth response of the biomass in various types of reactor. Such models could be more widely applicable by using intrinsic model parameters, and this could be a key improvement as it could lead to improved models for design.
Boughzala, Oualid. "Contribution à la modélisation et à l'optimisation des bioréacteurs à membranes immergées (BRM) pour le traitement des eaux usées urbaines." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2074.
Full textMembrane bioreactor (MBR) is a powerful technology for wastewater treatment; it improves their purification and allows delivery a free suspended solids effluent. However, due to the partial retention of certain soluble microbial products (SMP), it is necessary to manage the fouling and optimize the use of membranes. This requires a good knowledge and reliable modeling of microbial processes involved. The use of conventional activated sludge models (ASM) shows significant deviations compared to the actual operation of MBR. The calibration of existing models parameters proves to be complex and delicate. This work presents a synthesis and a critical analysis of the principal developments on SMP. An original model based on the ASM1 is then proposed. It describes the biological processes associated to SMP and considers their partial retention by membranes. This new model has required the reformulation of certain variables of the ASM1 and the introduction of new ones. It was tested and validated on real data of BRM, data resulting from the literature, covering various configurations (aerobic with or without anoxic) and scales (laboratory, pilot, and MBR plant). The model also integrated the total suspended solids (TSS) effects on the oxygen uptake constants and more generally, the temperature effects. Finally, the model was used to optimize the BRM performance, highlighting the importance of choosing dissolved oxygen set-point, in relation with temperature, on targeted quality treatment
Leon-Cruz, Angel. "Le bioréacteur à membranes : étude de cinétiques réactionnelles en anoxie et identification des paramètres de contrôle du procédé. Application au traitement des eaux." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20152.
Full textBen, Amira Wael. "Comportement hydrodynamique des nanoparticules au cours de la séparation magnétique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4797/document.
Full textWe present in this thesis a study of the hydrodynamic behavior of nanoparticles suspended in a ferrofluid and subjected to a magnetic field gradient. The goal is to characterize the magnetic separation of a colloidal suspension in a project to design a water treatment system HGMS (High Gradient Magnetic Separation) that can also have other applications. We develop a mathematical model that describes the Lagrangian tracking of nanoparticles in a carrier fluid. It is based on the Fokker- Planck and Langevin descriptions while taking account of magnetic and hydrodynamic interactions between particles. The model also takes into account the geometry of the formed aggregates. From the numerical simulation, we find that the separation time depends strongly on the size and length of the aggregates formed during the separation process. The study of the kinetics of aggregation shows the existence of a regime with dynamic scaling. In the irreversible aggregation linear chains of particles are formed and their average size changes over time with a scaling law with a low power. The variation exponent of the average size of chains is consistent with the Smoluchowski coagulation equation with a homogeneous kernel. Using the asymptotic, long-time behavior, of a solution of Smoluchowski equations we highlight a characteristic time of aggregation and we show that this time is a similarity variable on which depend the separation time. We also show that the scaling law is still valid for nanoparticles in a Poiseuille flow and the average size follows a power law as a function of Reynolds number
Chatellier, Patrice. "Simulation de l'hydrodynamique des chenaux d'oxydation par l'utilisation des équations de Navier-Stokes associées au modèle k-epsilon : évaluation de la vitesse de circulation." Toulouse, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAT0027.
Full textAbdelmoumni, Lei͏̈la. "Epuration et transfert de matière en réacteur anaérobie membranaire." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20095.
Full textKara, Khaled Mohamed. "Etude d’un dispositif de dépollution des eaux pluviales en amont des réseaux d’assainissement : expérimentations et modélisation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10083/document.
Full textStudies based on experimentation have shown that Best Management Practices (BMP) (alternative techniques) in urban storm drainage represent an efficient way to retain pollution according to their functions and characteristics. But the pollution retention capacity of these techniques (BMP) could cause harmful consequences for the structure. To ensure the durability of these techniques and keep their storage capacity and pollution retention capacity, a device for filtration of storm water was developed called “injection inlet”. This device is simple for implementation and maintenance; it is a commercial developed model of a catch pit equipped with a removable filterThe aims of this work are to study the pollution retention capacity of this device with its hydraulic capacity. The work is based on experimental study in laboratory and in site, in addition with numerical modelling.For the first experimental study, we work on a model in laboratory where the device is placed in the upstream of the reservoir structure. We simulate the storms and the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) injection. The results shown that the filter has a capacity to remove pollution between 15 and 20% for the particles whose size is smaller than 200 µm, and then we tested retention capacity of several types of filters towards TSS and hydrocarbons, and their hydraulic capacity.In three different sites presenting different traffic conditions, we studied the performance of the device (injection inlet or catch pit) with the filter ADOPTA in real conditions, by measurement of « COD, TSS, THC, Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu» in upstream and downstream of the device, The results have shown a good hydraulic capacity and a decrease of the pollution load of suspended solids with small rains. For numerical modeling, we used commercial software to simulate the flows and the sediment transport in device without filter
Bendounan, Rachid. "Hydrodynamique et performances d'un décanteur primaire de station d'épuration des eaux usées urbaines." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL048N.
Full textLe, Lay Hugo. "Caractérisation des échanges nappe-rivière par mesure distribuée de température par fibre optique : limites et applications aux faibles exfiltrations de nappe." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4025.
Full textLesage, Geoffroy. "Etude de l’élimination de substances aromatiques dangereuses dans un procédé couplant adsorption et biodégradation." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000340/.
Full textOne of the main challenges currently facing environmental conservation is to reduce the discharge of organic micropollutants from industrial liquid outflows. Biological aerobic treatment is the most commonly used treatment, but conventional systems were not conceived with the idea of eliminating micropollutants, these molecules not necessarily being biodegraded. Among the selected substances, the least volatile molecules are also the most hydrophobic (PAHs) and tend to be absorbed mostly on suspended solids or sludge. Conversely, the less hydrophobic but highly volatile molecules, such as BTEX, have a strong tendency to be transferred into the atmosphere during the aeration phase. In the project ANR HYBIOX « hybrid biological practices for improving the breakdown of xenobiotics », hybrid bioreactors based on the addition of mobile and absorbent surfaces in the activated sludge processes are evaluated, so as to better pinpoint these pollutants and to allow flocs and biofilms to co-exist within the same reactor. The coupling of physicochemical and biological phenomena was studied in an SBR. Modelling these phenomena allows us to test hypotheses, predict the optimal operating conditions for stopping a process, and helps with the interpretation of the results. We drew on a model of adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces, developed under Matlab®, and on a model integrating the coupling of phenomena, developed under Aquasim®. The simulations carried out correspond with the experimental results and allow us to conclude that the abiotic elimination mechanisms play a very important role in the “purification results” of the biological aerobic treatment process. Over the course of the treatment, the transfer of BTEX from the liquid phase to the gas compartment was significant (>99% in two hours) and the quantities of PAHs detected in the solid fraction were considerable. The hybrid reactor presents a number of advantages over a classic biological process. On the one hand, the addition of activated carbon grains in the activated sludge process allows us to pinpoint the targeted pollutants and increase their residence time within the process. On the other hand, to reduce their concentration to a non-inhibitory level (if this is the case), and finally to allow the absorption of variations in charge which are common in industrial outflow. For more volatile and less hydrophobic molecules (ex : BTEX), the addition of absorbent particles and the analysis of operational modes which minimize the transfer in the gas phase are the predominant points. We will therefore have to evaluate with which dynamic the adsorbent can bioregenerate in the system
Cockx, Arnaud. "Modélisation de contacteurs gaz-liquide : application de la mécanique des fluides numériques aux airlifts." Toulouse, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAT0043.
Full textBaldijão, Pereira Lucia Beatriz. "Modélisation et simulation d'une station d'épuration des eaux usées urbaines par boues activées." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL087N.
Full textBecis-Aubry, Yasmina. "Contribution à l'estimation ensembliste des systèmes linéaires et non-linéaires." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10190.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the design of ellipsoidal approximation techniques for the set-membership identification and state estimation of linear and nonlinear multivariable systems. Firstly, a recursive solution for the identification of linear models has been proposed. The use of a judicious parametrization allows to characterize the ellipsoid that bounds the set of all the possible values of the unknown parameters and to ensure consistency of the estimated parameters with the data and respecting the boundedness constraints. A generalization to the nonlinear case has been done by linearizing the nonlinear model around the vector of the estimated parameters and by taking into account the linearization errors. Next, a state estimation method for linear and nonlinear systems with bounded noises is presented. A prediction step takes into account the dynamical behavior of the model corrupted by the noises while the correction step includes the information contained in the noisy outputs
Khiari, Souad. "Problèmes inverses de points sources dans les modèles de transport dispersif de contaminants : identifiabilité et observabilité." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2301.
Full textThe research and the questions approached on this thesis are inverse type : the reconstruction of point-wise source or the data completion problem in parabolic models of transport of contaminants. The mathematical modelling of the problems of water pollution includes two tracers, the dissolved oxygen (DO) and the biochemical demand in oxygen (BDO) which is the quantity of oxygen necessary for the biodegradation of organic matter. Indeed, during the biodegradation process, aerobic bacteria play a leading part. These micro-organisms decompose polluting organic matters by using the dissolved oxygen in the middle. To compensate these missing data, fields, solutions of the problem, are observed directly or indirectly. The resulting inverse problems are ill-posed. Their mathematical study rises big complications and their numerical treatment isn't easy. We demonstrated a uniqueness result for fixed sources in the case of moved observations. The reality for the observation is qualified and the ideal is not acquired; direct measures on the BOD are difficult to obtain. On the Other hand to collect data on the DO is possible in real time With a moderate cost. The BOD is thus observed in indirect way, thanks to the coupling in the system of Streeter and Phelps, the information passes from the DO to the BOD. For this problem, we produced a uniqueness result for the reconstruction of source. Then, we examined the degree of instability of the equation to be solved. The behaviour of numerical methods depend on this type of information
Badissa, Sylvain. "Influence de la stratification thermique verticale sur l'écoulement du fluide dans une lagune naturelle non aérée." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPD043.
Full textNon aerated lagoon systems are currently popular as a means of treating used domestic water, mainly due to their low running costs. However, their design and dimensioning remain largely empirical ; in order to optimize their performance and thus reduce the area necessary, a more scientific approach is required. As lagoon systems are simply biological reactors, their behaviour depends on the kinetics of the degradation of the B. O. D but also on the nature of the flow of fluid in the lagoon system. The measurement of the R. T. D and the influence of certain geometric and operating parameters on these R. T. D have been clarified in the research of P. HOUANG. In this study, we have sought to examine the influence of the vertical thermal stratification on the non aerated lagoons. After experimentally evaluating this influence for parallelepiped models, through a phenomenological flow model, we have deduced the R. T. D of a model lagoon in the presence of a vertical thermal stratification. In addition we have estimated the rate of degradation of the B. O. D for the layered lagoon and compared for the same degradation rate, the surface area required for a layered lagoon and for a lagoon assumed isothermal at the mean temperature pf the lagoon. The thermal stratification must be taken into account if a non isothermal lagoon is to be correctly dimensioned
Bassompierre, Cindy. "Procédé à boues activées pour le traitement d'effluents papetiers : de la conception d'un pilote à la validation de modèles." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130907.
Full textHouang, Paul. "Étude hydrodynamique des systèmes lagunaires." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI190.
Full textDezani, Chloé. "Photocatalyse hétérogène en réacteurs ouverts pour la gestion de la ressource solaire : expérimentations sur différents médias et modélisation." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0018.
Full textThe occurrence of micropollutants in water is recognized as a public health concern that needs to be addressed. The challenge is both to implement water reuse and to prevent micropollutants from being disseminated in the environment, and therefore to stop their detrimental effects. These so-called emerging contaminants are anthropogenic and most of them are non-biodegradable. Therefore, conventional biological treatments of wastewater treatment plants are not appropriate. Heterogeneous photocatalysis belongs to the advanced oxidation processes developed specifically for micropollutants’ removal. This process can be operated under solar light which makes it a relevant environmental-friendly option. Solar characteristics, such as light fluctuation and intermittency, have a direct impact on the process’s treatment capacity and need to be considered for its management. In the literature, photocatalytic reactors are mainly operated in a batch mode, which implies stopping treatment during the night. The development of continuous-mode reactors requires finding solutions to deal with light intermittency. This thesis aims, in a first part, to develop a model to predict the process’s treatment capacity of a continuous-mode reactor based on heterogeneous photocatalysis. This step is essential for the scaling and control of solar processes for micropollutants’ removal. The study also focuses, in a second part, on the reliability of a technology for intermittency management. This technology is based on a composite material made of an adsorbent and a photocatalyst. The adsorbent allows to store micropollutants when light is not enough, during the night or cloudy events. The photocatalyst enables the contaminants to be degraded, both in the liquid and solid phases, in order to operate the liquid treatment as well as regenerating the adsorbent. These two studies aim to bring knowledge to the development of continuous-mode solar processes, that can operate despite solar intermittency and light fluctuations. The first step to reach the previous purposes, is to develop a model to represent the radiation field inside the photoreactor for the two studied photocatalysts with the aim of calculating the local volumetric rate of photon absorption (LVRPA). In case of photocatalysts in suspension, literature about modelling radiative transfer is rich in comparison with supported photocatalysts. Therefore, the two tested media, titanium dioxide in suspension and titanium dioxide supported on an inert macroporous foam, require specific methodologies. The second step is to determine the kinetics model, which is a function of the pollutant concentration and the LVRPA, thanks to batch-mode experiments. Local kinetics of the different pairs “pollutant/photocatalysts” (caffeine/suspension or foam) are determined. Two reactors are studied: a plug-flow one and a perfectly well-mixed one. Knowing the models of their hydrodynamics and their kinetics, the combination of all of them is validated and then applied on photo-degradation experiments of caffeine under dynamic light operating conditions, representative of real solar light. The last purpose is to test the composite material in a continuous-mode photoreactor submitted to cycles alternating light and dark periods. The ability of the composite to degrade and regenerate is evidenced