Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Eau|sub'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 25 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Eau|sub.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Mercier, Philippe. "Effets de l'arsenic, a concentrations sub-toxiques, sur l'immunite. Application a une eau thermale arsenicale." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077063.
Full textBalde, Alpha Bocar. "Analyse intégrée du partage des ressources (eau, azote et rayonnement) et des performances dans les systèmes de culture en relais sous semis direct en zone tropicale sub-humide." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSAM0008/document.
Full textThis thesis dealt with characterizing and modeling the dynamics of the three principal resources which are water, nitrogen and radiation in a no-tillage relay intercropping maize-cover crop systems, under sub-humid tropical area climate. Moreover, productivity of the main crop and of the whole system and nitrogen and water flows in the soil are assessed.The study was based on an on-field approach/experimental design carried out during two crop growing seasons in Cerrados region, in Unaí (Minas Géras, Brazil) since 2007. Firstly, an experimental station was used allowing an intense effort of measurement and secondly, a whole of several farmer's fields offering a wide range of soil and climate conditions and modalities of implementation of the studied cropping systems. In the latter, main crop was maize, and intercropped cover crop was a tropical fodder crop, either leguminous, Cajanus cajan or gramineous, Brachiaria ruziziensis. Two dates of sowing, early and late were considered for the sowing of the cover crop in established maize, in the case of the experimental station. This study showed that maize yield was not significantly affected by the presence of the relay cover crops in comparison with maize as the sole crop, even when the cover crop was sown soon after maize emergence in comparison with maize sole crop. In contrast, the production of biomass by the cover crop was significantly lower when grown with maize than when it was grown as a sole crop. In the intercropped systems, when sown early, the cover crop produced higher total biomass than when sown late (20 days after maize flowering). Moreover, total aboveground biomass production of maize intercropped with a cover crop was much higher than that of any of the crops sown alone. Total biomass produced by maize and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) was more than double that maize grown alone. The Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) values of both maize grain yield and biomass production were higher than one, whatever the intercrop system, reaching up to 2.03 providing better available resources use efficiency by the intercropped plants. Thus, such systems permit to produce both maize grains and forage.The thesis shows also the strong variability of the production potential of these systems in farmer's fields and suggests that when water and nitrogen resources are less available than in the experimental station, competitions between maize and cover crops can reduce the agronomic performances of maize and/or the cover crop when compared to the equivalent pure sole crop. Total biomass produced by intercropping remained however higher than that of maize sole crop, except for rare exceptions where lower resources availability, sometimes accentuated by difficulties of technical practice, maize seems to suffer from stronger competition and/or the cover crop produced only very little biomass. The thesis evaluates the capacity of the STICS intercrop model, STICS-CA, to provide a finer analysis of the dynamics of the resource sharing in these systems and to estimate their agronomic performances and certain environmental impacts according to technical practices and soil and climate conditions that were different from those of our experimental station. Minor modifications and model calibration led to obtain satisfying simulations of the sole crops maize and Brachiaria and intercrop maize-Brachiaria in no-tillage under mulch. On the other hand, it was not possible to obtain satisfying simulations of sole crop maize in conventional tillage, nor of sole crop pigeon pea and intercrop maize-pigeon pea in no-tillage under mulch. The thesis provides information on the model imperfections and as well proposes improvements in terms of formalisms to take into account the mineralization of the mulch, as in terms of experimental design
Herzi, Nejia. "Extraction et purification de substances naturelles : comparaison de l’extraction au CO2-supercritique et des techniques conventionnelles." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9437/1/herzi.pdf.
Full textAïgba, Sewanou Raymond. "Subjectivation par voie d'objectivation de l'eau chez les enfants d’Afrique subsaharienne : terrains mauritanien, sénégalais et togolais : développement subjectif des enfants de 4 à 7 ans envisagé sous le rapport à l'eau comme objet social." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20040/document.
Full textThis thesis is inspired by the work on the development of children growing up in disadvantaged living conditions (Zaouche Gaudron, 2005). It treats the subjectification of the African Sub-Saharan children in their relationship with water. In this study, subjectification is the process by which children produce their subjective uniqueness based on the relationship with objective realities in their environment (Malrieu, 2003). Our approach comes back to the classical question in psychology, about the Subject’s activity on the Object. The alternative of the objectification allows us to show that Objects are not only determining factors toward Subjects but, through social mediation, they could become Subjects themselves (Marx, 1867; Vygotsky, 1930; Wallon, 1945; Meyerson, 1948, Sève, 2008). The process of child subjectification does not refer directly to children activity, but to their social objectification, allowing them, through their relationship to objects, to become singulars subjects. Our study sample consists of 68 children, between 4 and 7 years old, who are living in the rural communities of Bogué and Bakel close to the river between Mauritania and Senegal as well as in the rural community of Tomè in Togo close to the river of Egbi. Our research has been based on semi-structured interviews targeting parents or significant adults, and figurative boards targeting children that allow, through water scenes, to be exploited as objectification of three successive phases: “natural” situation, concerted and retentive. Our main results show that when adults are involved in water objectification, through the concerted situation, water becomes a social object intervening in the relationship enabling children more and more to realize their subjectification. The relationship between suitable water and children's development proves that is irreducible to the impact of natural determinations, for example the areas where they live. However, our specific results for each community, highlight the disparities between them regarding to water. These results indicate that the necessary social implication in the relationship between the suitable water and the children development is yet to be built and developed in Sub-Saharan Africa. The obtained results allow to open up research perspectives and intervention areas regarding to the relationship between children and objects, notably those of basic needs for children living in disadvantaged environments
Giazzi, Franck. "Ressources en eau, milieux naturels et aménagement des vallées d'oued en zone endoréique sub-désertique : étude des inter-relations anthropiques et naturelles dans trois vallées du sud-ouest du massif de l'Aïr (Niger)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE19022.
Full textThe first part of our study is devoted to the water resources in the agadez region, starting with an analysis of reinfall. This is based on various annual reinfall records and statistical analysis of rainfall at the agadez station. We then turn to hydrology. The hydrology regime in the south west of the air massif is of a semi-arid type, a feature being its floods. The third part of the study was devoted to water reserves. The alluvial valley, underflow aquifers constitute the main, renewable water reserves. Comparison of three valleys reveals significant variations in the amounts stored, but overall trend is towards a fall in volume. This trend suggests that development work may be r4equired. Subsequently we considered two aspects of the environment, other than water resources, which are critical in a development-orientated approach to the valleyson the one hand the geomorphological context of the valleys by the study and the neighbouring catchment areas; on the other hand the vegetation. We have conducted a diagnostic study of the relations between man and the environment on the basis of a study of the valley populations. It is apparent from this, that there are three types of natural degradation : a reduction in water resources, the concentration of flow and damage to vegetation. In conclusion, the above-mentioned facts have served as the basis for a number of ideas concerning development options, capable of ensuring or restoring the ecological balance of the valleys
Rouberty, Frédéric. "Optimisation de l'analyse de résidus de pesticides organiques dans l'eau et les matrices végétales par une méthode de plans d'expériences." Angers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ANGE0001.
Full textGu, Xiaoyan. "Melt-rock interaction signatures in peridotite from sub-continental mantle (French Massif Central) : A trace element, H, Li and δ7Li approach." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0052/document.
Full textPeridotite xenoliths sampled from two volcanoes erupting in different modes in two localities, Allègre and Mont Coupet, in the southern domain of the French Massif Central (FMC), have been investigated to constrain the evolution of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle beneath the FMC and the behaviors of Li and H during melt-rock reactions. To answer these questions, a set of 6 representative xenoliths was selected for each locality, and described for their mineralogy and petrography. In-situ measurements were then performed for major and trace elements in Ol, Cpx and Amp when existing, via EPMA and LA-ICP-MS respectively, for Li concentrations and isotopic compositions in pyroxenes and Ol (via SIMS), and water concentrations in minerals (via FTIR and SIMS). Negative HFSE anomalies and markedly high LREE/HREE ratios reflect a carbonatite-related metasomatism following an earlier partial melting process in the lithospheric mantle under Allègre. The Ti and Nb negative anomalies in Cpx from all the Mont Coupet samples and Zr-Hf negative anomalies in Cpx from two most strongly metasomatized samples MC38 and MC34 also point to a carbonatite-related mantle metasomatism. Amp in samples MC36 and MC53, whose origin should be associated with fluids from the subducting slab, have equilibrated most of the trace element composition with coexisting Cpx and the modal metasomatism responsible for the Amp genesis haven’t refertilized Cpx in LREE and LILE. Lithium isotope systematics indicates that Allègre xenoliths were overprinted by (at least) a two-stage metasomatism by melts of different origins. Exceptionally high Li concentrations in Cpx (up to 50 ppm by weight) and slightly increased Li contents at Ol rims are ascribed to a diffusive Li uptake from infiltrating melts derived from the host magma. On the other hand, extremely light Li isotopic compositions preserved in Ol cores (with δ7Li as low as -25‰) suggest another metasomatic event prior to xenolith entrainment by the host magma. In contrast, xenoliths from Mont Coupet have Li concentrations in constituent minerals similar to the normal mantle, and display nearly equilibrated inter-mineral Li partitioning and homogeneous intragranular Li distribution in every phase. The negative δ7Li values of Cpx and Opx in some samples were brought by the exchange with a small-volume melt with Li concentration similar to the normal mantle and light Li isotopic compositions. The preservation of inter-mineral large Li isotopic fractionation currently observed in these samples indicates that the percolation of the melt should occur shortly prior to the entrainment of Mont Coupet peridotite xenoliths by the host magmas. The metasomatic agents, accounting for negative δ7Li values in Ol cores in Allègre xenoliths and in Cpx and Opx in some Mont Coupet xenoliths, are related to a subduction environment. In the regional framework of the FMC, the subduction event most likely occurred during the Variscan orogeny. Water content in Allègre xenoliths ranges from 10.6 to 12.4 ppm in weight, much lower than the water content in the MORB source mantle. It implies that water were lost during the degassing of the host magma during slow cooling of the lava lake. No core-rim variations from profile analysis suggest that xenoliths have achieved water diffusive equilibrium with the host magmas. Peridotite xenoliths from Mont Coupet have retained their original water content from the mantle depths. Partial melting has controlled the water content in most samples from Mont Coupet. However, the subsequent carbonatite-related metasomatism has affected the sample MC34, which had the highest water content among the Mont Coupet xenoliths. And the aqueous agent responsible for presence of Amp in samples MC36 and MC53 has not lead to the considerable increase of water content
Branchet, Perrine. "Caractérisation de l’impact des activités humaines sur la qualité de la ressource en eau en milieu urbain sub-saharien : étude de la contamination du bassin versant de la Méfou (Région Centre du Cameroun) par les pesticides et les résidus pharmaceutiques." Thesis, IMT Mines Alès, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EMAL0003/document.
Full textDemographic growth and urbanization create pressure on water resources. Among urban contaminants, pesticides and pharmaceuticals can be discharged into the aquatic environment through agricultural activities and untreated waste waters. Their presence is also reported in global water bodies. Measured contamination levels can have ecotoxicological effects on aquatic organisms as well as on human populations. In Sub-Saharan Africa, these problems are beginning to be highlighted. Local agricultural practices and consumption of pharmaceuticals lead to specific concerns.The aim of this thesis is to identify and characterize the impacts of human activity on the quality of the water resource in urban Sub-Saharan Africa, by analyzing pesticide and pharmaceutical contamination. The study area was the Méfou watershed that drains the political capital of Cameroon, Yaoundé (Center Region).First, the study area was characterized by its environmental (reliefs, land use) and socio-demographic specificities to identify anthropogenic pressures. Urban agricultural practices and in particular the intensive market gardening in the humid lowlands involves the use of massive amounts of pesticides. The absence of a sewage system and the numerous pit-latrines, drains and septic tanks are the sources of diffuse pharmaceutical contamination.Using the example of pesticides, a contaminated runoff mapping method based on susceptibility maps (from the IRIP method) confirmed that some treated plots located in situations that favor runoff were sources of diffuse pesticide contamination. Several areas in the study basin can accumulate this polluted runoff. Next, the multi-criteria SIRIS-Pesticides method from INERIS was applied based on two agricultural scenarios constructed with data sources from the literature. Results pointed to the potential transfer of pesticides from crops to both surface and groundwater.To reinforce these hypotheses, two water quality surveys were conducted in the rainy season between 2015 and 2018, combining grab and passive sampling. Thirty-two pesticides and twenty-four pharmaceuticals were searched for in surface and groundwater in the Méfou watershed. The main results indicate that (i) high concentrations of herbicides and analgesics were detected and quantified in the water samples along with a wide range of targeted compounds; (ii) the contamination pattern showed that the urban area is more polluted than the peri-urban area of Yaoundé; (iii) the measured concentrations pose an environmental risk, in particular the herbicides atrazine and diuron; and (iv) some groundwater sampling points used for drinking water were contaminated by the targeted pharmaceuticals.A social survey conducted in March 2018 around the sampling points identified the risks related to water use. The lack of a sewage system and the discharge of untreated waste water into the immediate surroundings facilitate contamination of the sampling sites. As groundwater is used as an alternative to the tap water network in Yaoundé, the population is also exposed to the risk of pharmaceutically contaminated drinking water.The main results provide baseline information about anthropogenic pressures, contamination levels and related issues in Yaoundé. They raise questions about (i) the transfer of contaminants in the Méfou hydrosystem and (ii) population exposure and potential health risks due to their presence and to the levels of contamination of the water resources
Lavigne, André. "Oxydations cupro-catalysees des amines aliphatiques : etudes mecanistiques et applications synthetiques." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066470.
Full textMesguich, David. "Elaboration de matériaux nanostructurés pour piles à combustible SOFC: application à Nd2NiO4+δ et Ce1-xAxO2-y." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523977.
Full textZakri, Cécile. "Étude de la fusion-cristallisation de monocouches de 1-alcools à la surface de l'eau : mesures d'élasticité latérale par diffraction de rayons X et par une méthode mécanique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10107.
Full textMassuel, Sylvain. "Evolution récente de la ressource en eau consécutive aux changements climatiques et environnementaux du sud-ouest Niger. Modélisation des eaux de surface et souterraines du bassin du kori de Dantiandou sur la période 1992-2003." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011097.
Full textDans cet objectif, une régionalisation du modèle de fine échelle abc-rwf a été réalisée à partir d'un jeu simulé de 50 bassins endoréiques, pour lesquels des relations entres les descripteurs physiographiques et le ruissellement calculé sont apparues significatives. La formulation d'une fonction représentant fidèlement le ruissellement simulé d'un bassin, peut être étendue à un ensemble de bassins par l'adjonction de fonctions prédictives non linéaires paramétrées sur la base de seulement 5 descripteurs physiographiques des bassins. Le modèle de méso-échelle Zarbhy permet ainsi un calcul simplifié du ruissellement des 377 bassins endoréiques identifiés sur les 5000 km² du bassin tout en limitant l'imprécision supplémentaire par rapport au modèle abc rwf.
La réalisation du couplage surface-souterrain soulève une insuffisance de la recharge forcée par le ruissellement calculé sur certaines années pour permettre la simulation de la hausse de la nappe dans des gammes de paramétrisation admissibles. Bien que l'extrême variabilité des processus hydrologiques disparaisse en partie à l'échelle régionale, la variabilité intersaisonnière demeure encore difficile à reproduire.
Le schéma de la recharge ponctuelle spatialement distribuée est compatible avec la modélisation hydrodynamique réalisée, qui dans son état actuel ne permet cependant pas de quantifier avec précision l'influence de la recharge indirecte sur la dynamique de hausse de la nappe.
Face à l'insuffisance de la recharge calculée, une étude combinant géophysique électrique, géochimie et modélisation hydrologique a été entreprise. Elle suggère le lessivage d'une bande minéralisée entre 5 et 10 m de profondeur à l'aplomb des multiples chenaux sableux de la zone d'épandage de Wankama. Cette expérimentation prometteuse ouvre la voie à de nouvelles investigations vers la caractérisation des processus de recharge. L'existence d'une infiltration profonde (>25 m) au moins épisodique, sous les zones d'épandage sableuses peut être envisagée.
Benabdallah, Mohammed. "Spéciation de l'étain en traces dans l'environnement aquatique par spectrophotométrie d'absorption atomique électrothermique." Pau, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PAUU3026.
Full textSebhat, Woldemichael. "Valorisation de la lignine par catalyse hétérogène en condition sous-critique en milieux aqueux et eau/alcool." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10273/document.
Full textLignin is a macromolecule comprising lignocellulosic biomass, and is composed of propylphenyl units. Lignin is produced in large amounts by the paper industry when cellulose is isolated from biomass. Currently, its value is largely limited to source of energy and heat in recovery boilers. Nonetheless lignin can be an alternative source of aromatics if depolymerized effectively. The present work focuses on the transformation of lignin into aromatic building blocks using sub-critical water and mixtures of water/alcohols (225°C and 40-80 bar). Preliminary studies were carried out in a batch reactor; water was used as a solvent for the conversion of a Kraft lignin in the presence of catalysts (Pt, Pd, Ru on Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2). The Pd/ZrO2 catalyst gave the highest yield of identified phenols with 2% in 3 hours. To improve the conversion of the lignin by minimizing condensation reactions between phenolic units, the water was replaced with a mixture water/alcohol (ethanol, methanol, isopropanol). The combination water/isopropanol without catalyst allowed us to increase the yield of identified phenols to 5%. The results obtained in batch reactor were extrapolated to a trickle-bed reactor. Even though the water/isopropanol mixture gave the best results in batch reactor, the implementation on a continuous reactor proved to be complex (formation of solids clogging the reactor). The use of a water/ethanol mixture prevented this problem and a yield in guaiacol of up to 1 % was obtained. Ethanol helps stabilize unstable building blocks by alkylation and esterification. This is evidenced by the NMR and chromatographic analysis
Detay, Michel. "Identification analytique et probabiliste des paramètres numériques et non-numériques et modélisation de la connaissance en hydrogéologie sub-sahélienne : application au Nord-Cameroun." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4135.
Full textDu, Dianchun. "Design of tunnels using the hyperstatic reaction method." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI063/document.
Full textThis research work aims to present the design of tunnel by means of the Hyperstatic Reaction Method (HRM). The models developed by the HRM method are firstly proposed for investigating the behaviour of U-shaped tunnels under different conditions, considering two load cases, two different geometries of U-shaped tunnel lining, two different cases of springs, change of the spring stiffness, multi-layered soil conditions, surcharge loading, and saturated soil masses. The presented models permit to obtain good predictions with a high computational efficiency in comparison to finite difference numerical modelling. Then a parametric analysis has permitted to estimate the U-shaped tunnel lining behaviour in a large number of cases which cover the conditions that are generally encountered in practice. Thereafter, taking a twin-lane metro tunnel as an example, a series of mathematical functions used in the optimization progress of sub-rectangular tunnel shape is deduced, which gives to tunnel designers a theoretical support to choose the optimal sub-rectangular tunnel shape. The effect of different parameters, like the lateral earth pressure factor, soil Young’s modulus, tunnel depth, surface loads, on the internal forces and shape of sub-rectangular tunnel is then given. In the last part of the manuscript, the influence of a temperature change on the lining forces of circular tunnel by means of the HRM method is investigated, considering different factors, such as the tunnel lining thickness, lining elastic modulus and ground coefficient of thermal expansion
Guix, Noëlle. "Prise en compte des nappes superficielles pour spatialiser le bilan hydrique à l'échelle sub-régionale : Cas de la vigne en basse vallée de la Peyne - Hérault, France." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20015.
Full textGédéon, Antoine. "Contribution a l'etude par rmn (**(1)h et **(129)xe) des zeolithes my (m = na**(+), ni**(2+), cu**(2+) et co**(2+)) : adsorption d'eau et d'ammoniac." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066390.
Full textYaacoubi, Abdelrani. "Etude de l'influence d'ions metalliques et de composes organiques sur l'adsorption du dodecyl sulfate de sodium sur charbon actif." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2286.
Full textWang, Tong Kuan. "Adsorption de quelques polymeres a l'interface silice-eau : approche experimentale de leur conformation, correlation avec les mecanismes de floculation des suspensions colloidales." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066221.
Full textAllali-Hassani, Mohamed. "Etude de l'adsorption de tensioactifs non ioniques sur charbon actif : influence de coadsorbats, essai de modelisation." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2284.
Full textZhao, Tianming. "Caractérisations chimiques et biologiques d’extraits de plantes aromatiques et médicinales oubliées ou sous-utilisées de Midi-Pyrénées (France) et de Chongqing (Chine)." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0039/document.
Full textIn both Midi-Pyrénées region (France) and Chongqing region (China), there are rich and underutilized medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP). Aiming at fully exploiting different molecules in these plants, the concept of MAP-refinery was developed and applied to several underutilized medicinal and aromatic plants in these two regions. Several water-based green extraction technologies of natural products (e.g. hydrodistillation, steam distillation and subcritical water extraction) were also investigated to look at their effects on essential oil composition and antioxidants recovery from selected plants. Firstly, lists of forgotten or underutilized medicinal and aromatic plants in both regions were established according to the rules of selection. From the lists, six plants in the Midi-Pyrénées region (Tussilago farfara L., Calendula arvensis L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Geranium robertianum L., Cytisus scoparius L. and Spartium junceum L.) and three plants in the Chongqing region (Tussilago farfara L., Citrum aurantium L. and Saussurea costus) were finally selected for investigations. Then the MAP-refinery was applied to the selected plants in two regions in order to realise their global valorisation. Volatile extracts composition in the roots of Tussilago farfara L. and Calendula arvensis L., as well as flower buds of Spartium junceum L. were firstly investigated. The main chemical compounds in volatile extract from Tussilago farfara L. roots were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and aliphatic compounds while main chemical compounds in volatile extract from Calendula arvensis L. roots were oxygenated sesquiterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated diterpenes. The volatile extract from flower buds of Spartium junceum L. was mainly composed of aliphatic compounds. Antioxidant capacity evaluation results (by DPPH, ABTS, FRAC, ORAC and Folin-Ciocalteu tests) showed that several plant samples like Cytisus scoparius L., Tussilago farfara L., Citrum aurantium L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. could be potential sources of natural antioxidants. Comparisons of hydrodistillation (HD), steam distillation (SD) and subcritical water extraction (SWE) showed that HD and SD had limited effects on essential oil composition but HD, SD and SWE had significant impacts on the recovery of antioxidants. Hydrodistillation seemed to be a better method for recovery of antioxidant compounds from residues of distillation than steam distillation. However, SWE appeared to be a more efficient method for direct extraction of antioxidant molecules (or phenolic compounds) from plants. In the hydrodistillation process, mineral contents in water were found to have very limited effects on yields of extracts but calcium and bicarbonate ions, had significant decreasing effects on antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of both aqueous and methanolic extracts. Finally, an improved MAP-refinery was developed. Subcritical water was used for further extraction of antioxidant compounds from residues in original MAP-refinery. In this way, five parts could be obtained from plant materials: volatile extract, aqueous extract, methanolic extract, subcritical water extract and the final residue. The results showed that the improved MAP-refinery significantly increased the recovery of antioxidants compared with original MAP-refinery. This promising process will also allow a better valorisation of the final solid residue due to the lower content of residual water
Pan, Yi. "Modélisation couplée des écoulements de surface et de sub-surface dans un bassin versant par approches numériques à dimensions euclidiennes réduites." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH012/document.
Full textInteractions between surface and subsurface flow processes are key components of the hydrological water cycle. Accounting for these interactions in hydrological modelsis mandatory to provide relevant and accurate predictions for water quality and water resources management. Fully-integrated hydrological models that describe with aphysical meaning the hydrological processes and their interactions are recent. Most of these models rely upon the resolution of a 3D Richards equation to describe subsurface flow processes. This approach may become intractable because of the heavy constrains on both meshing and numerical resolution. This PhD proposes a new integrated hydrological model on the idea of dealing with dimensionally reduced flow in both the surface and sub-surface compartments of a watershed. The different compartments of the model are first tested independently and then coupled. The results show that the proposed approach allows for a proper and precise depiction ofthe hydrological processes enclosed in the model while providing significant gain incomputational efficiency
Lamotte, Jean. "Etude par spectroscopie infrarouge des proprietes superficielles de la thorine et des especes adsorbees resultant de l'interaction co + h : :(2)." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2047.
Full textSouabi, Salah. "Etude de l'adsorption de tensioactifs cationiques sur charbon actif influence de coadsorbats /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376186543.
Full text