Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Eau – Usage'
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Cirelli, Claudia. "Environnement et usage de l' eau." Paris 8, 2006. http://octaviana.fr/document/11844736X#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis research analyses the controversial approaches of the use of the wastewater in irrigated agriculture and of the social and spacial system related to it. This use of wastewater, a mode of treatment closely related to the modernization of cities of the end of the XIXth and the beginning of the XXth century, is now regarded as hazardous. Nevertheless this pratice keeps spreading around fast growing cities and is often promoted as an efficient tool of development policies. This thesis approaches on a global level the emergence of these agricultural practices and the debate they give rise to. As far as the Mexican case is concerned (in particular the town of San Luis Potosi), it analyses the links between those practices and urban and environmental policies. It also studies the influence of those policies on the ways in which the actors of territories shaped by wastewater use try to maintain their activities in suburban areas
Benjelloun, Kawtar. "Méthodologie de la validation d'un système de production et de distribution d'eaux à usage pharmaceutique." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P078.
Full textCirelli, Claudia Prévôt Schapira Marie-France. "Environnement et usage de l' eau pratiques agricoles à risque aux marges des villes mexicaines /." Saint-Denis : Université de Paris 8, 2007. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/THESE_Cirelli.pdf.
Full textLaraque, Alain. "Comportements hydrochimiques des "açudes" du "nordeste" brésilien semi-aride : évolutions et prévisions pour un usage en irrigation." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20003.
Full textBonbonne, Cathy. "Usages sociaux et didactiques de l’eau en contexte(s) scolaire(s) guadeloupéen(s). Analyse selon une approche socio-didactique." Thesis, Antilles, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANTI0425.
Full textOur interpretative and comprehensive research focuses on the interactions between social and didactic uses of water of teachers and students (cycle 3 - French Education System) in teaching-learning situation of swimming, in the frame of APSA (physical, sports and artistic activities), in school context(s) of Guadeloupe. Our research crosses between dispositionalist - contextualist sociology (Lahire, 2012) and didactics, especially scholarly knowledge based on the Theory of Joint Action in Didactics (TACD), professional (Gal, 1993) and institutional knowledge.We observe two levels of didactic contextualization (pedagogical and socio-cognitive contextualization) (Delcroix et al., 2013). Our research problem statement is the following : what socio-didactical conditions favor the construction, the actualization or the inhibition of the social uses of the water in primary school students ? Our hypotheses are the following: 1) the social uses of water are generated by incorporated dispositions that are constructed, internalized and actualized in practices (teaching situations) in different ways depending on the actors involved and they can be classified by typology; 2) the didactic context is a socializing or updating or inhibiting context of the social uses of students' water. The social uses of water are more or less stable, recurring forms of water relations that are characterized by : symbolic representations of water, sensitivities to water and ways of acting in the water. The didactic uses of water are teaching practices that target on learning through the body inside the water element. The knowledge built on the actions of the actors in real context where their actions take place, having as a background, contextual elements of historical, social and cultural order, specifically applied to Guadeloupe, require the coupled use of qualitative and quantitative analytical methods. A first qualitative meso and micro-didactic study concerns four teachers in cycle 3 and it is based on recorded swimming sessions and on the content of semi-structured ante and post video interviews.We highlight the importance of the experiential relationship to the APSA swimming of teachers, different logics in student actions induced by didactic uses of water from teachers (construction of new provisions to act in the water or actualization or inhibition incorporated provisions) and four types of contexts effects attributed to pedagogical contextualization (partial barriers for accessing knowledge, disembedding of knowledge, stable or unstable didactic bifurcations and secondary focus). A second quantitative, macro-sociological study concerns 90 students (cycle 3 – French Education System) and provides information on their social uses of water. The latter shares various symbolic representations of water and attributes to swimming in the frame of APSA different values from those of the school. A third qualitative, ethno-sociological study is based on the life trajectories of twenty Guadeloupians and shows the importance of the family socialization in the construction and in the updating of the social uses of their water
Calvo-Mendieta, Iratxe. "L'économie des ressources en eau : de l'internalisation des externalités à la gestion intégrée : l'exemple du bassin versant de l'Audomarois." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011495.
Full textCe constat constitue le point de départ de ce travail de thèse, dont l'objectif est de mener une réflexion approfondie sur la gestion des ressources en eau dans une double perspective, analytique et normative. Tout d'abord, la visée analytique de cette recherche a trait aux conflits d'usage dans le domaine de l'eau. Face aux limites des approches théoriques standard pour l'appréhension des spécificités de l'eau et de l'ensemble des dimensions liées aux conflits dans ce domaine (dynamiques collectives, représentations sociales des usages, dimension territoriale...) il s'agit de mettre en évidence une grille théorique permettant d'étudier ces relations conflictuelles dans toutes leurs dimensions – et en premier lieu leurs facteurs déterminants. Par ailleurs, il convient de s'interroger, selon une perspective davantage normative, sur le contenu de la notion de gestion intégrée des ressources en eau.
Ainsi, nous défendons la thèse que la définition d'une gestion intégrée des ressources en eau implique : un régime institutionnel de ressources en eau intégré (forte cohérence entre politiques publiques et droits de propriété/usage et forte étendue), la reconnaissance et compréhension des conflits d'usage et de leur dépassement et la transversalité des politiques publiques ayant une influence sur l'eau, notamment les politiques de gestion de l'espace.
Nous faisons appel à quatre outils théoriques complémentaires : le modèle des « cités » de Boltanski et Thévenot (1991), l'approche patrimoniale, l'économie de la proximité et le régime institutionnel de ressources. La combinaison de ces constructions théoriques nous conduit à une grille analytique pertinente pour rendre compte de l'émergence, du déroulement et de la gestion des conflits d'usage autour des ressources en eau et aider à la définition normative d'une gestion intégrée. Afin de tester empiriquement cette grille analytique, nous étudions le bassin versant de l'Audomarois (Nord – Pas-de-Calais). Il s'agit d'étudier la mise en œuvre de la gestion de l'eau à une échelle spatiale locale, le bassin versant étant considéré comme l'unité territoriale pertinente de cette gestion.
Gourdault-Montagne, Pascal. "Le droit de riveraineté : propriété, usages, protection des cours d'eau non domaniaux." Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020057.
Full textRiparian rights are defined as the sum of the rights belonging to the owner of property bordering on or crossed thereby a river, with regards to this river. Among these rights, one distinguishes the rights of the owner regarding the river's bed and the preferential usage that the riparian owner excercises over the water. There are many restrictions regarding the exercise of riparian rights. There exists, on one hand, restrictions aiming to satisfy private interests, and on the other hand those aiming at the satisfaction of general interests. Conflicts may arise when riparian rights are exercised. They may be settled either by means of judicial water regulations, or by means of administrative water regulations, and may be considered by way of common management of the riparian rights among these holders
Lahlou, Abdelilah. "L'Eau dans l'agglomération de Fès (Maroc) : ressources, usages, pollutions." Toulouse 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU20035.
Full textThe richness of water resource in sais, materialised by the important aquifers and representing the flow drained by the hydrographic network of fez river, has made of fez a city of urban tradition. For a long time, water has always been a determining factor for the economic and social life of the inhabitants who have always known how to conserve the means permiting for a better domestication of this water. However, this ancient exploitation of water has been subject for a very important rise in function of the evolution of needs. This influences considerably the sensibility of the resource vis-a-vis human interventions. The succession of these dynamics, rythmed by the climatic changes, is an essential and decisive element that permits to appreciate in quantitative and qualitative terms, the present situation of water. In fact, the needs of drinking water are not satisfied mainly because of the bad use of water in diverse activities. This is accentuated by the degradation of the surface resources whose role is presently limited to the drain off of polluted waste-waters (produced by 260 factories and 550000 inhabitants) without any preliminary treatment as well as the carrying of about 180 tons day of garbage. The problems of water in the urban district of fez are examined in the light of specific constraints with respect to eac
Becuwe, Arnaud. "Le sens et les usages des images de l'eau au bas Moyen âge : fin XIIe-début XVIe siècle." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0007.
Full textThe gothic iconography presents a profusion of images showing water as a symbolic element. An analogous network allows, for the Church principally, to express a theology by cultured water which brings a part of holly meaning but also some ambivalence for the imago. Water isn’t neutral in the Bible’s, Apocalypse’s, Lives of saints and Pilgrim’s illuminated images in the late Middle Ages. Those saints’ images in Picardy present also some special uses of water deeply linked with this pleaders near to the popular and local believes. To replace strictly in their environment a communal seal or painted and sculpted works of art in rural churches show also other Picardy’s images uses around old believes. But, it’s the north stalles images who presents the last echoes of this very orderly symbolical system, following the times of water defined by the medieval tradition
Zouiten, Mounir. "Essai sur la maitrise des eaux à usage agricole au Maroc." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376019990.
Full textZouiten, Mounir. "Essai sur la maitrise des eaux a usage agricole au maroc." Grenoble 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE21047.
Full textThe study attempts to in ompass the elements which made possible the technical orientation for controling the water destined for agriculture use in morocco. After being part of an ecosystem during the pre colonial period, water a resource naturel, was placed under state control, in view of increasing agricultural production for export. In fact, the extension, under the aegis of the successive governments of the protectorate and the period of post-independance in morocco, and by the means of a judicial code which granted the great water-works and the great perimeters of irrigation, has had negative consequences economically, socially and ecologically. A strategy for development needs to be worked out. It must be based on the relevant sectors of the small and medium water-works installations and oriented towards the participation of the farmer
Nghiem, Anna. ""Eat cooked, drink boiled" - A study on Vietnamese household usage behaviour." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24031.
Full textCirelli, Claudia. "Environnement et usages de l' eau. Pratiques agricoles à risque aux marges des villes mexicaines." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00180886.
Full textOrphelin, Matthieu. "Méthodes pour la reconstitution de courbes de charge agrégées des usages thermiques de électricité." ENSMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0847.
Full textEuzen, Agathe. "Utiliser l'eau du robinet, une question de confiance : Approche anthropologique des pratiques quotidiennes concernant les usages de l'eau du robinet dans l'espace domestique à Paris." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENPC0223.
Full textRichard-Schott, Florence. "L’irrigation dans le bassin du Rhône : gestion de l’information géographique sur les ressources en eau et leurs usages." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20080.
Full textOver the last thirty years of the twentieth century, irrigation in the French basin of the Rhône river has undergone substantial change. The implementation of a Geographic Information System on the Rhône basin (SIR) demonstrates the existence of four main irrigation systems individualized within several “irrigation regions.” These reveal in turn a series of contrasted dynamics, putting into question the idea that irrigation expansion had been both continuous and homogeneous, even though the total surface area irrigated actually increased. These spatial dynamics can be accounted for by the deep transformations due to a modernised practice that relies on techniques ever more sparing with water. This is in fact the second lesson one can draw from this study : the general increase in irrigated surface areas did not lead to an increase in water demand. On the contrary, water demand has tended to diminish, in the order of 30% over thirty years. Driven by management, the cultivators’ use of water resources is more and more reasoned, so that in the long run irrigation is surely no global threat to environmental balance. The thesis includes a system for managing geographic information as well as an electronic atlas
Gouédo-Thomas, Catherine. "Usages de l'eau : dans la vie privée, au Moyen Âge, à travers l'iconographie des manuscrits à peintures de l'Europe septentrionale, XIIIe-XVIe siècles." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0310.
Full textThe well, the tontam, the bath, the water games are recurrent thermes in western medieval illumination. From the 13th century up until the renaissance, illuminators depicted the world they lived in minute detail, each image being a true reflection of everyday life. All aspects of live relative to water are present : set-ups of water sources, sinking of wells and portage, boliling of food, bodity and domestic hygiene, medicine, swimming and nautical games. A detailed analysis of these pictures is necessary to determine the role of the real and the imaginary in these illuminations. By studying this rich iconography it is possible to list characters, objects and gestures associated with the use of water in nearly all domains of everyday private life. The gestural and know-how which we can hardly reconstitute without the help of pictures are being underscored here. By comparing the illuminations with information from other avaible sources of documentation such as historical, archeological, anthropological or symbolic litterature, we can rebuild a large part of material culture and medieval mentalities
Roux, Frédéric. "Des «pêcheurs sans panier» : contribution à une sociologie des nouveaux usages culturels de la nature." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3035.
Full textThis study first aims at placing socially recreational fishing in fresh water in France. A historic investigation reveals that angling has never enjoyed the valued image enjoyed by hunting with which we often associate it. A analysis of surveys shows the popular and working-class character of this activity but also a certain distance on the part of anglers with regard to the rural world. An examination of the forms of practice, the reading of a corpus of works and an ethnographic field trip on a group of fly fishermen in the Bordeaux area, make it possible to highlight the existence of a social space of techniques of fishing, and a sportization and rationalization process of angling. This new approach to practice is translated by an ethical view (no kill) which can take the shape of environmental activism. Contradictions however arise in user's ideology of nature which remains haunted by an enchanted and elitist vision
Pflieger, Géraldine. "Consommateur, client, citoyen : l'usager dans les nouvelles régulations des services de réseaux : les cas de l'eau, de l'électricité et des télécommunication en France." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENPC0019.
Full textBased on a method of political sociology, this dissertation aims to analyze how the new strategies and practices of the different stakeholders tends to modify the user's status. This is achieved through the construction of three theoretical figures of the user : the consumer, the customer and the citizen. The results underline that the deregulation reforms induce the domination of the consumer figure. This transformation can be illustrated by the rise of consumption issues such as cost and price transparency, performance assessment, quality standards and individual consumers' protection. However, the domination of the consumer doesn't imply the exclusion of citizenship issues. Actually, new issues are emerging quickly, focused on two main subjects : the environmental protection and the management transparency of municipal utilities
Pflieger, Géraldine. "Consommateur, client, citoyen : l'usager dans les nouvelles régulations des services de réseaux. Les cas de l'eau, de l'électricité et des télécommunications en France." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005758.
Full textLacombe, Guillaume. "Evolution et usages de la ressource en eau dans un bassin versant aménagé semi-aride : le cas du Merguellil en Tunisie centrale." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20137.
Full textBesse, Jean-Philippe. "Impact environnemental des médicaments à usage humain sur le milieu récepteur : évaluation de l'exposition et des effets pour les écosystèmes d'eau douce." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ023S/document.
Full textA high number of pharmaceuticals are used in France and can reach the aquatic environment. This observation have contributed to a growing concern for authorities in targeting and quantifying these substances in freshwaters. Considering the high number of molecules used in France, it is necessary, prior to implement any comprehensive monitoring survey in freshwaters, to build a list of priority pharmaceuticals in terms of their risk for the aquatic environment. The work conducted here aims at proposing reliable lists of priority pharmaceuticals, based on expected environmental concentrations and biological effects on aquatic non-target organisms. Several methodologies were implemented, depending on the type of pharmaceuticals assessed and the availability of data. Finally, 300 parent molecules and 50 human metabolites were screened and scientifically sound priority lists were built. Moreover, this work allowed to draw the following conclusions : The issue of pharmaceutical mixtures and their interactions with other environmental polutants needs to be addressed. Preventing the rejection of human pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment should be a priority. For a good management of the environmental risk of pharmaceuticals, an agreement between public health authorities, environment authorities on one hand, and pharmaceutical industries and professionals on the other hand, is necessary
Chevalier, Laure. "Les puits dans le monde grec : recherches sur les usages profanes et religieux de l'eau souterraine." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100205.
Full textWhen groundwater doesn't appear naturally at the surface, the only way to exploit it is to sink a well. In the Greek world, distribution of wells is not regular : it depends on the natural resources of each site. Variations in physical conditions (climate and geology) lead to a diversity of techniques and uses. The architectural study, wich occurs in the first part, reveals that most diggers were able to exploit the numerous possibilities that were given to them with ingenious solutions. Apart from the diversity of solutions to line the well shaft, to make the walls (or bottom) watertight and to increase the yield, there were also exceptionnal wells (shaft with degrees leading to the water, well with vaulting roof,. . . ). The second part is devoted to exploitation of wells, according to the topographical context and the political organization in the cities. "No one may be prevented from access to drinking water" seems to have been a fundamental principle of Greek poleis : they made the necessary arrangements to succeed. In any case, even if it was established on a private land, it seems that the well was under the control of the city, since the water sheet was a common property. Therefore, rules concerning the use of a well had to be severe (regulations laid down that wells were to be kept clean ; other ones limited the drawing of water - otherwise, it would not have been possible to safeguard such resources from being polluted and drained -, and rights of drawing "servitudes"). As the well is an access to the groundwater - the prime water which was thought to come from the Earth -, it can be also a sacred installation. The third part deals with the problem of the designation of sacred wells in ancient greek, and the different cults in which groundwater played a significant role
Dessales, Hélène. "La distribution de l'eau dans l'architecture domestique de l'Occident romain (Pompéi, Herculanum, Ostie) : formes, usages et mises en scène, du Ier au IVe siècle ap. J.-C." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10089.
Full textSajaloli, Bertrand. "Les zones humides du Laonnois (Aisne, France) : fonctionnement, usages, gestion." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010531.
Full textThe Souche and Cessieres-Montbavin marsh areas (3,000 hectares and 300 hectares respectively) characteristic of the laonnois wetlands in the Aisne departement of France consist of acidic peat bog and alkaline fens, particularly rich in flora and fauna. Forming part of a region which has long been exploited by human society, they are now threatened by abandonment or destruction. They may be studied by an overall geographic approach focussing on the subject of water. This approach examines the physical factors underlying hydrological and ecological systems in permanent relation with the forms and intensity of the human impact to which they have been subject over many centuries. In areas where the physical constraints have been substantial, such a dual approach demonstrates that the present functioning and dynamism of wetlands depends mainly on the uses to which they have been put historically. Human society is thus found to have played a decisive role in the bringing about the diversity of marshy areas in the french plains and low tablelands. These areas have often wrongly been considered to be remnants of true nature. Such an overall approach also points the way to a better management of these wetlands. This has become more urgent considering their current deterioration. The solution lies in adapting the needs of society's various components to the preservation of a rich and diversified ecological system
Bouchelkha, Mohamed. "L'eau et les hommes dans les Dukkāla : représentations, usages et gestion de l'eau dans un espace des bas-plateaux atlantliques marocains." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX23005.
Full textThis study tries to present a specific system of water in the area of dukkala, dealing not only with agricultural water but also with the aspects of a modern irrigation and with the religious, social and cultural dimensions of water. Moreover, the role, the use and the consumption of water in medium sized towns in the area seem indissociable of the water of the country. The aquatic world is an element of the divine universe and whose only master and giver is god, and when there is a lack of rain different religious and practices are appealed to. The countryside of dukkala has essentially insufficient wells and personal watertanks. The users try to adapt the use to the quality and quantity of available water. However, the consumption of water remains very modest : 14 liters per inhabitant a day. At the same time urban water in al gadida and azemmur is inequally consumed by social groups. As for irrigation water in the area of dukkala, it required a transformation of the rural space, the calling up of enormous financial and technical means and the settling of state organisms wich administer and control this new developped space. Anew policy of a regional development is needed to foresee and to lighten the conflict between the different users
Vignal, Bénédicte. "La sensibilité écologique et les usages sociaux de la nature dans les pratiques de plein air : le cas de la baignade en eau douce." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10228.
Full textNdonkou, Peguy. "Les usages de l'eau au Cameroun : contribution à une étude anthropologique des maladies endémiques d'origine hydrique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10024.
Full textBrochier-Puig, Joëlle. "Urbanité et usages de l'eau, un "patrimoine socio-environnemental" oasien au Nefzaoua, Sahara tunisien." Montpellier 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON30038.
Full textRivaud, Audrey. "Coordination autour d'une ressource commune et logiques d'acteurs : une analyse au travers des usages agricoles et ostréicoles de l'eau dans le bassin de la Charente." Phd thesis, Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT4003.
Full textThe analysis of the coordination upon common resources has been focused essentially on the question of the choice of management instruments in order to guide the behavior of the economic agents. Therefore, the potential role of actors’ behaviors, upstream from the process of coordination, is insufficiently studied. This explains partially the failure of some of these instruments. Thus, the aim of our research consists in constructing a theoretical framework able to explain upstream determinants of the coordination. We integrate, in this perspective, the potential effect of institutional and technological variables, and effects linked to the local dynamics towards the strategies adopted by the actors. In the empirical part of our study we concentrate on the specific problem of the sharing of water resource between the farmers and the oyster farmers on the Charente river basin. Based on quantitative and qualitative analyses, we show in particular the existence of macro-institutional and cognitive constraints that reduce significantly the whole of strategies and lead to the preservation of the level of water consumptions. However, our investigations also allow us to shed light on the complex game of the local interactions between the farmers and the oyster-farmers and how these latter antagonise these trends and limit to a certain extent the problem of sharing of the resource
Ogilvie, Andrew. "Caractérisation des ressources et usages de multiples hydro-sociosystèmes : les retenues collinaires du bassin du Merguellil (Tunisie centrale)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS092/document.
Full textSmall reservoirs and other water and soil conservation techniques have become increasingly widespread across semi-arid regions, due to their ability to reduce transportation of eroded soil and harvest scarce and unreliable rainfall for local users. Revealing diverse but often limited levels of agricultural water use, the reasons behind these were explored based on assessments of water availability, practices and associated drivers upscaled across 50 small reservoirs in the Upper Merguellil catchment (Central Tunisia). MNDWI on 546 treated Landsat images over 1999-2014 were used in combination with extensive field data to develop and validate water availability assessments for all reservoirs. An Ensemble Kalman Filter approach was used to combine remotely sensed surface area with a GR4J-water balance model and notably reduce runoff uncertainties arising from highly variable and localised rainfall intensities. These notably reduced mean annual availability RMSE to the order of 10 000 m3 on lakes where initial capacities vary between 20 000 m3 and over 1 000 000 m3, and identified the potential of each lake to support agriculture during the dry season.In parallel, rapid surveys, quantitative questionnaires and semi directed interviews were used to identify water uses and socio economic and institutional drivers influencing the smallholder livelihoods around these reservoirs. Using multi-stage samples of farmers allowed to progressively narrow and refine the analysis which were then upscaled based on typologies of lakes. Results confirmed withdrawals remained limited and focussed essentially on the occasional watering of fruit trees. On a handful of lakes, water resources were a limiting factor but rarely a sufficient factor to explain the heterogeneous water uses observed around reservoirs. Most farmers were not equipped with the suitable capabilities to increase their withdrawals as a result of problems over pumps, water access and conflicts, compounded through limited and short term government assistance. Individual successes were observed as a result of farmers possessing adequate economic resilience and/or means to secure alternate water supplies during dry spells. Faced with limited available storage capacities and prolonged droughts, small reservoirs must in this climatic context retain their supplementary irrigation focus and not strive to support widespread intensification of practices
Paticat, François. "Flux et usages de l'eau de mer dans les marais salés endigués Charentais : Cas du marais salé endigué de l'île de Ré." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00305277.
Full textLe travail de recherche s'est engagé principalement sur deux axes. Tout d'abord, un inventaire et une description des pratiques en vigueur sur cet espace à travers leurs modes de gestion et d'utilisation de l'eau de mer, sachant que les activités humaines y sont variées mais leurs caractéristiques (techniques, économiques, hydrauliques) mal connues. Ensuite, une réflexion sur les relations liant l'environnement et les hommes. Afin de mettre en évidence la diversité spatiale des activités, la complexité des relations hydrauliques et les dysfonctionnements potentiels, la méthode repose principalement sur l'élaboration d'un SIG, la réalisation d'enquêtes et une analyse de risque.
Les résultats obtenus montrent qu'une multitude d'activités coexistent sur le marais salé endigué de l'île de Ré, avec diverses logiques spatiales et de gestion. L'étude conclue également qu'il n'existe pas de réels conflits entre les acteurs du marais, mais seulement quelques divergences à propos de la gestion hydraulique pratiquée actuellement. Seule une gestion concertée peut permettre de sauvegarder le patrimoine naturel et culturel local, tout en préservant les intérêts de chacun des acteurs.
Paticat, François. "Flux et usages de l'eau de mer dans les marais salés endigués charentais : cas du marais salé endigué de l'île de Ré." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3005.
Full textThe aim of the study is to determine how seawater is used in Ré island marine ponds (Charente-Maritime, France). Thus, we assessed the ecosystem functioning, estimated its historical evolution and determined the most suitable ways to improve current management processes. The knowledge of seawater management is essential to ensure wetland future and meet the numerous interests of wetland stakeholders, especially in term of seawater sharing. Consequently, it is necessary to consider the Ré island marine embanked wetland through its natural as well as human characteristics. Our work followed two research axes. First, a survey and a description of wetland activities were realized through their management types and their water use features, knowing that human practices are various and their characteristics (technics, economics, hydraulics) are not sufficiently known. Then, we considered relationships between this ecosystem and humans. In order to highlight the spatial activities diversity, hydraulic particularities and potential problems, our method is mainly based on GIS, investigations and risks analysis. Results demonstrate that Ré island marine embanked wetland is dominated by a mosaic of activities, established according to various spatial and management logics. We concluded that there are no real conflicts among wetland stakeholders, only few divergences about the current seawater management. Only a wise management could allow to preserve the natural and cultural inheritance while protecting the interests of each actor
Gramond, Delphine. "Dynamique de l'occupation du sol et variation des usages de l'eau en Anatolie centrale (Turquie) au cours du XXe siècle : recherches méthodologiques basées sur l'analyse diachronique de données satellitaires et statistiques." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040225.
Full textThis work proposes to highlight and to characterize - through spatial and statistical data - the recent changes in the Turkish rural landscapes of the Beyêehir and Konya basins, located at the center of the high plateaus of Southerner Central Anatolia. Using remote sensing tools and techniques, the methodology of diachronical analysis applied to a series of satellite images and field information, allowed understanding the landscape at various scales and quantifying and qualifying the spatial changes. Sensitivity of agricultural plains to different natural (dryness, endoréism, etc. ) and human (irrigation, etc. ) factors dominating the current patterns were further highlighted through an analysis of hydrological dynamics and variation of resource management praticies. Due to large climatic variations, the hydrological natural balance of the central Anatolian closed basins had always been uncertain. From the beginning of the XXth century, human pressures on resources gradually increased, and further accelerated since 1960's, causing major mutations of land uses and important changes in social structures. The objective of this thesis is to interpret the landscape changes of the central Anatolian agricultural plains and the pace of their transformations during the last decades
Cambon, Sophie. "Services d'eau potable : de la logique d'offre à la maîtrise de la demande. Comparaison France - Etats-Unis. La place des usagers dans la gestion durable des services en eau placés sous contrainte environnementale." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344595.
Full textCoulibaly, Baba. "Quelle gestion intégrée du fleuve Niger au Mali ? : Normes, usages, régulations, territorialités locales dans les Communes riveraines des Cercles de Ségou et de Mopti." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3085.
Full textThe Niger River is now facing natural and anthropogenic threats; the solution is both in local arbitrage and in international considerations. Its rich history shows a series of regulation and local management logics depending on time and space. The Niger River has been at the center of strategies for local and colonial dominations. These modes of local controls lead more and more place for some more integrated management systems. This research focuses on the governance of the Niger River waters in Segou and Mopti. It aims to understand the dynamics of actors, especially strategies, relationships and interactions of actors around the water in the context of decentralization, but also their perceptions of the River water. The results show the complexity of water governance especially with regard to regulation and the narrow articulations between global and local dynamics. Ignorance and lack of implementation of laws governing the field of water characterize the governance of Niger River. The multiplicity of actors leads to the overlap of roles and potential conflicts of competence. The implementation of the governance involves complex relationships between multiple actors. This complexity returns to issues of territories and territorialities in particular in the interior Delta. Finally, decentralization has encouraged the direct involvement of local stakeholders in the management of local resources. But it has also exacerbated the risk of conflicts between multiple actors, in search of leadership and legitimacy around the river
Magnier, Elodie. "Neige artificielle et ressource en eau en moyenne montagne : impacts sur l'hydrosystème. Les exemples d'Avoriaz (France) et de Champéry (Suisse)." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922929.
Full textDuvail, Stéphanie. "Scénarios hydrologiques et modèles de développement en aval d'un grand barrage : Les usages de l'eau et le partage des ressources dans le delta mauritanien du fleuve Sénégal." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR1GEO6.
Full textDucoroy, Laurent. "Modification de fibres de polyester pour l'obtention de textiles échangeurs d'ions : application à la dépollution métallique des eaux." Lille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL10003.
Full textDiop, Penda. "Vers une stratégie de gestion participative multi-usages de la ressource en eau dans le delta du fleuve Sénégal : processus de décision et outils de régulation autour du lac de Guiers." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV045/document.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to evaluate the relevance of the participatory approach as a leverage tool to achieve a better shared and sustainable local management of water resources around lake Guiers in Senegal. It is the only freshwater lake of importance in the country. Located in a semi-desert zone of the Sahelian ecological region, lake Guiers is coveted by several types of uses. It is considered both nationally and locally as a vital resource for drinking water supply in nearby regions and large cities as a strategic resource for maintaining food self-sufficiency, as well as being a vector of economic development of the agro-pastoral village communities.The methodological approach adopted is the "bottom-up" approach, starting from field diagnosis of the case of lake Guiers. It is based on interviews and questionnaire surveys with managers and users of the lake’s water, an analysis of the sets of actors in an evolving institutional framework and the analysis of the spatial dynamics of distribution of the uses of the lake’s water. This diagnosis demonstrates the extent to which the participatory approach advocated in the water management strategies and plans of lake Guiers is effectively implemented and strengthens the participation of water resource users in order to achieve a better shared and sustainable management of this water resource.The participatory approach is functional only if the management framework is part of a comprehensive, collaborative and integrated management approach in which all users and managers are involved in the decision-making process (co-management). Furthermore, the participatory approach is often difficult to organize. This difficulty increases when the geographical scope is large and the aim is to involve all the users and managers concerned at all levels with sometimes contradictory interests. Moreover, the thesis reveals that the increase in the implantation of economic activities that are supposed to benefit the region leads to perverse effects that run counter to the objectives of the management plans: a drop in water quality and of the available quantities (pollution caused by discharges from agro-industries and increased collection volumes). All the series of actions (services) involved imply expenditures for the management actors (maintenance of infrastructures, control of sampling, pollution control etc.). In this area, the thesis recommends that the management of water resources in the lake should take into account this decisive dimension, by developing new management tools corresponding to the economic valuation of water and by creating an observatory, an integrating tool of its sustainable future. This is a sine qua non condition for improving the living conditions of local residents. The thesis confirms, through the case of Lake Guiers, the relevance of the theories of the participatory approach to accompany and help its management actors in their apprehension and organization of the management system
Miller, Novadene. "Développement durable et gestion de l'eau dans la région des cockpits (Jamaïque) : efficience du discours, perception et usages, quelle durabilité ?" Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0377.
Full textThis dissertation examines the extent to which the local residents’ perspectives and practices linked to the use of natural resources, such as water, are sustainable. This includes an examination of the role of environmental and non-environmental drivers on water quality within the context of the livelihood systems in the Cockpit Country, Jamaica. The Cockpit Country region is defined by a rounded topography and karst geography, which plays a critical role in the hydrological system. Case study areas consisted of two principal categories: areas with water access points and areas without access points, as water use sources. The research uses an explanatory approach to establish causal linkages between local perspectives and usage of natural resources. New questions include a focus on water usage practices, water security, water access and sustainability within the socio geographic context of livelihood systems
Desrousseaux, Maylis. "La protection juridique de la qualité des sols." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30080.
Full textThe soil is the upper layer of the earth’s crust, the plan surface that stretches from one horizon to the other. It is the crop lands, the scattering sand, the ground we trample on, the link between men and their territory: garden, region, state. The soils, those fragile and multifunctional ecosystems, provide many ecological services and guarantee the environmental quality. The law contains several conceptions of the notion of soils quality. But, far from constituting a protection status, this integration ignores, a priori, their environmental qualities. However, the soils are a finite resource and their non-sustainable use leads to their degradation, often irreversible, and to their growing scarcity. Progressively, the law added elements of soils multifonctionality, integrating sustainable practices. This utilitarian approach of soil quality proves to be selective and remains focused on the preservation of a small part of all the ecological services: the ones that men directly need, like food production and ignores the indirect ones like carbon storage. Nevertheless, this approach is complemented by the raising of an objectivist conception of quality, which reveals the propensity of the law to take into account the intrinsic value of soils
Aubriot, Julie. "Usages militants du droit à l'eau en Afrique du Sud : du projet Gcin'Amanzi à l'affaire Mazibuko." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1038/document.
Full textPhilippe, Eric. "L'eau en Armorique romaine : prise en compte, maîtrise, gestion et usages d’une ressource naturelle dans une contrée du Nord-Ouest de l’Empire romain." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20077.
Full textFor various topographical reasons (very different from those pertaining to the Mediterranean basin), the rôle of water in Roman society in the Breton peninsula has often been overlooked. Beginning with topic definition in its geographical and historical contexts, I survey in this thesis “received” versions of Roman water management from the perspective of recent advances in archaeological discovery and research. The variety of topics this approach unfolds includes what might be described as “emblematic” field sites – those important sites which show general as well as regional particularities according to the data distribution. Aware of issues which gesture towards future areas of study, this thesis offers a contribution to an understanding of socio-cultural work practice in Roman Breton and its integration within the wider Roman world
Riviere-Honegger, Anne. "Regards sur les paysages de l'eau. Evolution des usages de l'eau, dynamiques du territoire et mutations paysagères en Méditerranée occidentale." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833563.
Full textLéal, Françoise. "Etude de la production et de l'émanation de composés volatils malodorants sur textile à usage sportif." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL070N/document.
Full textFresh human sweat is odorless. Odoriferous volatile compounds are produced by the metabolism of bacteria living on the skin, generating strong malodor. Sweaty body odors do also appear on clothes during use, and especially on synthetic fabrics. The aim of this document is to improve understanding of odor emission by investigating subject effect, microbiota effect and fabric effect on the emission of odoriferous volatile compounds.Odors of perspiration are hereby globally approached with a wide use of methods and experimental devices, for microbial flora study as well as for odoriferous volatile compounds emission study.First, microflora enumeration has been simultaneously processed on the skin and on the fabric after exercise for 15 subjects. This experiment allowed an evaluation of the average bacterial transfer yield during physical activity and the beginning of the investigation of its effect on odor emission.A molecular biology methodology has then been developed in order to refine these results. Monitoring of qualitative composition of the microbiota has been performed to study the stability of the armpit’s ecosystem on a subject during 3 months. Specific microbial transfer from subject’s skin to clothe has been performed for 4 textile fabrics (including cotton and PET). This leaded to characterize the effect of specific bacterial transfer on odor emission from fabric.The last chapter is dedicated to the study of the emission of odoriferous volatile compounds over time using olfactory measurements and electronic nose for 8 selected fabrics. Principal component analysis targeted 9 chemical compounds that have been selected as malodorous behavior indicators for a given fabric. Those 9 compounds could be used for setting up a fitted physicochemical method of malodor.To conclude, this study helped to understand the effect of 3 factors in odor perception from a fabric after sport : subject, microbial flora and fabric. Perspectives have been charted on contact microbial contamination, but also on odor, and especially on desorption of odoriferous volatile molecules from a textile or knitted matrix. The solutions that could be used to limit malodorous emission from fabrics have also been discussed
Naivinit, Warong. "Modélisation d'accompagnement pour l'analyse des interactions entre usages des terres et de l'eau et migrations dans le bassin versant de la Lam Dome Yai au Nord Est de la Thaïlande." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100043.
Full textRainfed lowland rice is the dominant type of land use in lower northeast Thailand. Rice production is constrained by erratic rainfall and coarse textured soils leading to low yields of the single wet season crop cycle, and very low per capita farm incomes. Labour migration is a common adaptive strategy of resource-poor rice farmers. A better understanding of the interaction between labour migration and land and water use is needed as the authorities plan massive investments in new irrigation infrastructure. This research used the Companion Modelling (ComMod) approach to facilitate co-learning about this key interaction between researchers and a heterogeneous group of local rice farmers. ComMod is an iterative and evolving approach that facilitates dialogue and shared learning through interdisciplinary action-oriented research to strengthen the adaptive management capacity of stakeholders. It was used to enhance co-learning among stakeholders through knowledge exchange to integrate indigenous and academic knowledge on rice and farm management. A long ComMod process, associating modelling tools such as Role-Playing Games (RPG) and successive versions of an Agent-Based Model (ABM), was implemented with rice farmers from Ban Mak Mai village in Ubon Ratchathani province. A shared representation of the interaction under study was achieved to be used for joint exploration of possible future scenarios. Farmers consider that the co-designed ABM, sufficiently represents their farm management and labour migration practices. They also found that such a process, stimulated by evolutionary gaming and simulation exercises, is effective to facilitate knowledge exchange and integration
Bailly, Gaëtan. "Les usages traditionnels de l'eau à l'épreuve du droit de l'environnement." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3085/document.
Full textWater is a fundamental natural element in the formation of human communities that have gathered around it. These water societies are organized according to the resource that bases the legal links between their members. We notice the existence of an ecological solidarity that binds people together and leads to the emergence of rules of law based on the practices implemented within these communities. Generally referred to as customs, these rules are spontaneous because their promoters are also the receivers, and are transmitted on the scale of an identified group that ensures their sustainability. The uses of water then designate both the uses that are made of the resource, and the rules of law they induce. The generalization of a common law with a unifying purpose of the French legal system leads to the marginalization of the existence of traditional systems of law. However, some rural areas still apply spontaneous and customary rules for the exploitation of water resources for irrigation or fish farming purposes. Customary law and the common law that applies to water seem to be opposed. These uses are then confronted with the rules dedicated to the protection of property rights and the environmental preservation. Although their purposes differ radically, the spontaneous right contributes to the achievement of the objectives of environmental law insofar as it contributes to a balanced and sustainable management of the water resource. The renewal of the legal forms of the traditional rules makes it possible to envisage the coexistence of these two normative orders on certain rural territories in the perspective of devoting a legal pluralism
Kedziora, Beata. "Wikis in teaching and learning a foreign language: A case study of wiki usage in the course Academic reading and writing for teacher candidates." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77585.
Full textFrançois, Baptiste. "Gestion optimale d'un réservoir hydraulique multiusages et changement climatique. Modèles, projections et incertitudes : Application à la réserve de Serre-Ponçon." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997012.
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