Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Eaux continentales – Pollution par les métaux – Teneur en cuivre'
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Roussel, Hélène. "Les effets du cuivre sur la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes aquatiques : une étude en mésocosmes lotiques." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30235.
Full textCopper is known to be a nonspecific toxicant and is frequently used as an algicide, fungicide, bactericide, plant herbicide and molluscicide in the aquatic environment. The aim of this project was to evaluate the effects of copper on the structure and function of freshwater ecosystems. To achieve this goal, the use of experimental streams called mesocosms allowed to realize ecologically realistic study while controlling many parameters. During 18 months, environmentally realistic concentrations of copper (0, 5, 25 and 75 µg/L) where applied on 12 outdoor mesocosms of 20 m long. Results showed an effect on both structure and function of the ecosystem and considering all those results, a NOECecosystem was set up at 5 µg/L for fresh water ecosystems
Bonneris, Emmanuelle. "Étude de l'implication de différents ligands cellulaires dans la séquestration du cadmium, du cuivre, et du zinc chez les mollusques bivalves d'eau douce exposés à une contamination environnementale." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE18001.
Full textThe main goal of this research was to evaluate the involvement of different cellular ligands in cadmium, copper and zinc sequestration in bivalves. Indigenous specimens of the bivalve Pyganodon grandis were collected from nine lakes along a metal contamination gradient in the Rouyn-Noranda area (Quebec). In these chronically exposed animals, the accumulated Cd concentrations depend on the environmental dissolved Cd concentrations, and on the nature and the abundance of the biological ligands, which differed among organs (gills versus digestive gland). In the digestive gland, Cd is largely sequestered by the metallothioneins (MT), whereas granules represent the main sink for Cd, Cu and Zn in the gills. A transplantation experiment, involving a change in the exposure regime, demonstrated the precocity of Cd sequestration at the granules level, which appears concomitantly with MT biosynthesis. A molecular approach biology carried out in the laboratory on Dreissena polymorpha aimed at studying the precocity of the response of an isoform of MT
Vinot, Ingrid. "Impact des rejets de cuivre et zinc en milieu aquatique : circulation, spéciation, biodisponibilité, bioaccumulation, transfert et toxicité." Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Vinot.Ingrid.SMZ0432.pdf.
Full textEstèbe, Alexandrine. "Impact de l'agglomération parisienne et de ses rejets de temps de pluie sur les concentrations en métaux des matières en suspension et des sédiments en Seine en période estivale." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120072.
Full textTisserand, Pierre. "Mesure en continu et in situ des pollutions dans les milieux aqueux : conception et réalisation d'une instrumentation adaptée à la détection de métaux lourds par potentiométrie sélective." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10308.
Full textMastering the quality of water demands that industrialised countries develop and improve facilities for the sanitising of water rejected back into the environment. Sewage sometimes contains micropollutants such as heavy metals which, in excess, can be noxious and alter ecosystems. Measuring them accurately is possible - with polarography or spectrometry - yet these techniques can hardly be used for non-stop monitoring. Within this framework, we have developed a detecting device for heavy metals Cu(II) and Pb(Ii). The principle cop. Sists in measuring potentials with two ion selective electrodes (ISE), which - by fusing varied data such as temperature, conductivity, pH, Redox - allows the gauging of free or hydroxylic metal. In order to lest the device, we have conceived a testbench reproducing the physical and chemical condition of sewage. The principle consists in injecting specific solutions into a reactor fitted with a measuring set containing sepsors which will carry out the aforementioned measures. Thanks to a system sampling and processing the data, aIl parameters can be measured non-stop. To characterise our tool, we have 'used two modelling methods. On the one hand, we have considered the output from the ISEs as a polynomial combination of all parameters (external models). On the other hand, we have assumed that hydroxylic forms can be parameterised in Nernst's equation (internaI models). Where the copper ISE is, concerned, internal models provide very interesting levels of detection, while extemal models fit the lead ISE best. Still using our test-bench, we have determined our models' limits, especially regarding the measure of Cu (II), in typical cases of reconstituted pollutions. To this end, we have elaborated different tests demonstrating that the internal model - which does not take the Redox potential into account - provides more accuracy than external models. In conclusion, we have shown that, in laboratory conditions, the potentiometric method with ISE is adapted to non-stop detection of heavy metal ions, by correcting the measures of relevant variables. The methodology we have developed can be extended to other heavy metals
Fekete, Ilona. "Évaluation complexe de la pollution environnementale du système de lacs Gödöllö - Isaszeg." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT003A.
Full textDebieche, Taha Hocine. "Evolution de la qualité des eaux (salinité, azote et métaux lourds) sous l'effet de la pollution saline, agricole et industrielle : application à la basse plaine de la Seybouse Nord-Est algérien." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2011.
Full textSuperville, Pierre-Jean. "Suivi en ligne par voltampérométrie de la spéciation des éléments traces métalliques et des espèces soufrées réduites en cours d’eau : de la conception de la station de mesure aux applications environnementales." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10014/document.
Full textIn order to better understand the dynamic fate and speciation of trace metals in the aquatic systems, an Automatic Trace metal Monitoring Station (ATMS) based on voltammetric techniques has been developed during this PhD. This ATMS includes a potentiostat-galvanostat, a stand with a measurement cell, pumps and burettes and is handled with optimized procedures to measure hourly the concentrations of électrolabile and acid-leachable trace metals. Another set of procedures was also developed for the measurement of reduced sulphur species which can greatly influence the metal speciation. These methods have been applied to the Deûle River, daily navigated, downstream of a metallurgical complex, where sediments are heavily contaminated, especially with Zn and Pb. The results demonstrate for the first time in this kind of aquatic system that the chronic resuspension of sediment leads to the desorption of trace metals from sedimentary particles and their dilution in the overlying water. Furthermore, the set of data recorded during the year 2011 reveals an evolution of these sorption mechanisms. A strong bacterial activity in the sediment in summer seems indeed to result in the formation of less-efficient-metal-bounding particulate phases. Thus, trace metals exhibit a more dynamic behaviour in summer and lower and less variable concentrations in winter. These advances open clearly the way for new researches on trace metal behaviour in riverine water where transitory or exceptional events occur (floods, eutrophication, dredging…)
Gabelle, Cédric. "Étude de la contamination des sédiments par les métaux dans les canaux et rivières du Nord de la France." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_90.pdf.
Full textPelfrêne, Aurélie. "Spéciation des métaux traces (Cd., Cu, Pb, Zn) dans les eaux d'un Planosol non pollué (Massif Central, France)." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4008.
Full textNo summary avalaible
Charriau, Adeline. "Étude de la contamination organique et métallique associée aux sédiments du district hydrographique international de l'Escaut." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10042/document.
Full textOrganic and metallic contaminants released by past and present human activities are widespread in the environment and in particular in river sediments, where these compounds tend to accumulate. Contaminated sediments, that represent a potential threat toward aquatic organisms, can also go against the efforts made with the implementation of the water framework directive of the European Union in order to preserve water quality. This research has been mainly carried out in the framework of the INTERREG III - STARDUST research program and focused on the area of the International Hydrographic District of the Scheldt, that encloses parts of Belgium, Netherlands and north of France. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and n-alkanes contamination levels and sources have been determined in sediments from the following rivers and canals: Espierre, Scheldt, Lys, Canche and Yser. The pyrolytic origin of the PAH contamination is predominant while n-alkanes originate from various biogenic and petrogenic sources. Sediment quality guidelines have demonstrated that sediments from the Espierre canal are associated to a higher threat for aquatic organisms. Trace metal speciation, that greatly influences the biodisponibility of these contaminants, has been estimated using thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. Results notably indicate a strong association of copper and zinc with organic matter
Kadlecova, Milada. "Contamination mercurique des sédiments et cours d'eau du nord de la France et de la République Tchèque." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10148/document.
Full textMercury (Hg) is naturally occurring toxic element; however global mercury emissions are dominated by anthropogenic sources. The global cycle of mercury has seen an increase in mercury deposition, especially in aquatic ecosystems, since the beginning of the industrial revolution. First part of the thesis summarizes the source of mercury, its properties and toxicity from the general point of view, but also the current state of knowledge on the biogeochemical cycle of mercury and in particular behaviour of mercury inside the sediments of the aquatic environment and factors influencing its transformation into methylated form. The sediment in aquatic systems may acts as the ultimate sink, where mercury in its various complexes is deposited. The mercury in sediments can then be converted to its more toxic organic form, methylmercury (MeHg), by the transformation processes controlled by various physical, chemical and biological factors. More over remobilization of mercury species from sediments is possible due to diffusion and resuspension and so sediments may act as potential source of mercury for aquatic biota. Bioaccumulation and biomagnifications can then continue up the food chain where humans, among other animals, consume the organic mercury. It is clear that determination of total mercury is not sufficient to understand its fate in the environment; determination of MeHg provides very useful additional information. The sensitive and precise analytical method for MeHg determination is necessary. The methodological part of the thesis deal with the methods for determination of mercury species in sediments. The method for methylmercury determination in sediments using automated Headspace sampler equipped with Trap and coupled with Gas Chromatography and Atomic Fluorescence Detector was developed and is define. The special attention is also given to the necessity of clean sampling procedures and the proper storage and pre-treatment of the samples and the field study of Hg distribution in sediments. The mercury contamination of sediments from the South Moravia and Northern France are compared. The mercury species and other elements (Fe, Mn, S) were analysed in sediments and/or pore water and/or surface water collected from the sampling sites in the Deûle and Lys River (France) and Jihlava and Morava River (Czech Republic). In order to better assess the mercury contamination of aquatic ecosystem, the pore water concentration could be evaluated to understand the availability of mercury from sediment. The use of diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) technique is applied to measure pore water mercury concentration in river sediments. Different resins gels for mercury determination are used: Spheron-Thiol, Duolite GT-73 and TiO2. River Deûle act as a sink for enormous anthropogenic Hg from the industrial activities and is considered as a potential significant source of methylmercury to the surrounding environment. The last part of thesis deals with the application of well-established isotope experiments to study methylation/demethylation processes in sediments of Deûle River. For this purpose, species-specific isotopically enriched tracers in the form of inorganic mercury IHg (199Hg) and MeHg (201MeHg) have been added to the sediment slurries. Mercury labelled species were used as the tracers to follow their chemical fate and calculate the extent of the transformation reaction yield occurring during the 24 hours experiment. This experiment methodology is refined by applying advanced matrix algebra to resolve the contributions of several different enriched stable isotope species specific tracers to the isotope pattern found, making the calculation of methylation/demethylation rates possible
Lesven, Ludovic. "Devenir des éléments traces métalliques au sein du sédiment : un compartiment clé de l'environnement aquatique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10112/document.
Full textThe pollution of aquatic ecosystems by trace metals (TM) is one of the major problems to which is faced our present society. These metals pass in transit through the water column and are finally trapped in sediments. From then on, they are involved in several biogeochemical reactions that likely modify more or less significantly their speciation and therefore their (bio)availability for the whole trophic chain. My researches are involved in this environmental topic and take part in the European Program INTERREG-III, Stardust. Three cross-border sites between France and Belgium have mainly been considered for this thesis: Scheldt, Lys and Spierre rivers. Trace metal analysis in the three sites sediments have pointed out high contamination by cadmium. However the metals (mainly Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) are mostly trapped in the reduced sulphur pool in these sediments. Conversely, Co and Ni are less trapped in these sediments due to their higher availability. Several sediment and porewater quality indexes have been used and shown that Spierre sediments seem to have a low toxicity according to the high AVS concentrations whereas interstitial waters are more polluted because of the low water hardness. Furthermore, the DGT -AgI technique used for the determination of dissolved sulphides has been deployed successfully in the North Sea sediment core to emphasize the sëasonal effect on the sulphides production. ln the same way, our work on gold microelectrodes results finally in the monitoring on line of Zn and Pb concentration in Deùle river, and sorne preliminary measurements directly in the Deûle sediments
Sukkampatti, Palanisamy Saravanan. "Empreinte géochimique urbaine dans la mégapôle de Chennai sur les sédiments de rivière : gradient amont-aval, sources et résilience." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4016.
Full textIn this study, an attempt is made to ascertain the present pollution status of Adyar and Cooum River, which are the two important rivers among the six main waterways in the Chennai Megacity, Tamil Nadu, India and greatly influenced by urbanisation in the past three decades. This study is designed 3 main objectives (i) Geochemical footprint of megacity onto river sediments (ii) Endocrine disruptor occurrence: Preliminary study for PAHs, PBDEs, PCBs and Phthalates (iii) Influence of 2015 monsoon hazard onto trace element pollution level of 2 main rivers
Dhivert, Elie. "Mécanismes et modalités de la distribution spatiale et temporelle des métaux dans les sédiments du bassin versant de la Loire." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4023/document.
Full textThis multi-scale focuses on the spatial and temporal variability of the metallic contamination in sediments of the Loire basin. This manuscript presents methods and results in three sections. The first section deals with scientific issues concerning the recording of sedimentary contaminations in fluvial environments. The second section shows the influence of depositional environments on sediments and associated contaminants archiving. The aim of this study is to analyse the representation of geochemical signals recorded in sedimentary infills. The third section highlights spatial variabilities of recorded sedimentary contaminations at the entire Loire basin-scale. Historical sources are here characterized
Louriño, Cabana Beatriz. "Comportement des éléments traces métalliques (ETM) dans deux systèmes aquatiques soumis à des activités minières et métallurgiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10033/document.
Full textTrace-metals behaviour had been studied in two different aquatic systems contaminated by mining and metallurgical activities. The first study site is situated in two Norwegian rivers (Raubekken and Vorma). Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations in both rivers were measured by voltammetry by means of an automatic monitoring system developed by the NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology). The most significant result of this study was the daily variability of these three metals in Vorma, with noticeable shifts of metal-content maxima detected. The second study site is situated in Deûle river, close to the ancient smelter Metaleurop. Although suspended particles and sediments were strongly contaminated by Pb, Zn and Cd, the global quality of the filtered water was found to be good. As for the water-sediment interface, the oxidation of biodegradable organic matter and the reduction of iron and manganese oxides result in an important release of trace metals in interstitial waters from surface sediments. Nevertheless, measured and calculated diffusive and benthic fluxes of trace metals from the sediment to the water column were weak with respect to daily metal-concentrations variations in the water column. During monitoring campaigns in winter, it was shown that an increase of dissolved zinc occurred in the water column a few hours after sediment resuspension events, whereas in spring this phenomenon is more dependent upon temperature variations between day and night and phytoplankton activity as key parameters of daily cycles
Gounou, Catherine. "Mobilité des éléments traces métalliques dans les sédiments : couplage et comparaison des approches chimique et microbiologique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0074/document.
Full textAntropic activities lead to the metallic contamination of river sediments. Most of trace metals are sorbed on sediments but a part of them can be released into aquatic environment when environmental conditions are modified. This is often due by the autochthonous microbial activity. Microbial activites and their consequences on the mobility of metals have been widely studied in soils. Metals are released through direct or indirect microbial mechanisms. Such studies in the case of sediments are very seldom. However, it can be usefull to understand the microbial mechanisms of metal release in sediments, and particularly for a good management of dredged sediments. In this environmental framework, the aim of this research work was to understand and to evaluate the role of the microbial and chemical mechanisms in the release of metals from river sediments in anaerobic conditions. Firstly, sediments from the Marne and Seine rivers were incubated in anaerobic conditions. A high solubilisation of iron and manganese occurred associated to the solubilisation of trace metals (Co, Cu, Ni, Pb). Meanwhile, organic acids were produced and the medium was acidified. Thus fermentation was supposed to be the main process of microbial metabolism. Furthermore these observations led us to suppose the presence of iron-reducing bacteria. In a second step, the extent of the iron-reducing activity was studied. The main iron-reducing bacteria identified in the Marne sediments belonged to the species Clostridium butyricum and Paenibacillus polymyxa. The use of a geochemical model revealed that fermentation and reduction of iron(III) were the main metabolic pathways. Finally direct (enzymatic reduction) and indirect (complexation with organic acids, acidification) impacts of iron-reducing bacteria on the release of metals were compared. Acidification and organic acids had a weak impact on metal solubility in the range of studied pH (between 6,5 and 5). Enzymatic reduction is the main mechanisms of metal release in anaerobic conditions. Indeed the metallic concentrations can be 40 times higher in the presence of iron-reducing bacteria
Pena, Geneviève. "Sels nutritifs et micropolluants métalliques dans un écosystème lagunaire, l'étang de Thau." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20244.
Full textMarusczak, Nicolas. "Etude du transfert du mercure et du méthylmercure dans les écosystèmes lacustres alpins." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553704.
Full textDiab, Walaa. "Étude des propriétés physico-chimiques et colloïdales du bassin de la rivière Litani, Liban." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0063/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of one of the focus of research at “MCEMA Laboratory” that concerns the physicochemical study of river water and the evaluation of the possible influence of human activities on the water quality of the Litani River. This work is divided into three principal parts. In the first one, we studied the physicochemical parameters (T, pH, EC, TSS, TDS, ions, etc.) of the water. The second part focuses on the sediment analysis. We studied the sediments of Litani River, their nature, size, composition, physicochemical properties (charge and specific surface area) with the metallic contamination. The third par is devoted the adsorption study of certain pollutants present in water on activated coal in order to anticipate on a future study on the treatment of the water river. The obtained results fall within a broader project on the study of developed methods on the treatment of wastewater
Larrose, Aurélie. "Quantification et spatialisation de la contamination en éléments traces métalliques du système fluvio-estuarien girondin." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14285/document.
Full textThe Gironde estuarine system is impacted by historic polymetallic pollution due to mining and smelting activities in the upper watershed. Based on a high spatial resolution sampling strategy, wepropose the first maps of trace element (TE) contamination in the surface sediment at the estuarine scale. The highest TE concentrations occurred in the North Channel in the downstream estuary and inthe island zone in the upper estuary. Estimation of potentially releasable TE fraction, of enrichment factors and a comparison between measured TE concentrations and sediment quality guidelines allow us to class a major part of the estuary as a low to medium priority zone in terms of potential toxicityfor aquatic organisms.The TE contamination in the intra-estuarine watersheds included in a project of water quality management of the Gironde estuary (SAGE), was assessed for 57 watersheds by coupling into GIS,typological characteristics of the watersheds and geochemical analyses of stream sediments. Highest anomalies were found for urban watersheds for which urban tracers were identified as Ag, Cd, Cu, Hg,Sb and Zn, and for vineyard watersheds with Cu. A study of temporal and spatial variations of TEconcentrations in two small agricultural watersheds lead us to identify inputs from point and diffusive sources, especially for Ag, As, Cu and U related to anthropogenic activities. Marsh areas also play an important role in TE reactivity mainly due to organic matter transformations. In laboratory experiments simulating the transportation of TE from agricultural soils to aquatic systems and the maturing process of soil particles in the stream help us to identify processes responsible for TE release in the environment. Long term release of copper was mainly attributed to organic colloid transformation which implies an increase in the mobility, and consequently, the potential bioavailability/toxicity of Cu for aquatic organisms