Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Eaux de surface – Maroc'
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Riad, Souad. "Typologie et analyse hydrologique des eaux superficielles à partir de quelques bassins versants représentatifs du Maroc." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-Riad.pdf.
Full textRiad, Souad Mania Jacky Bouchaou Lhoussaine. "Typologie et analyse hydrologique des eaux superficielles à partir de quelques bassins versants représentatifs du Maroc." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2003-Riad.pdf.
Full textThèse en cotutelle. N° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3434. Résumé en français et en anglais. Bibliogr. p. 128-139.
Guedes, Claudia Dumans. "Coagulation-floculation des eaux issues des mines de fer : comparaison entre les coagulants minéraux et un coagulant organique issu de la moringa oléifera." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30064.
Full textThe Quadrilátero Ferrífero area, Minas Gerais, Brazil, contains some of the largest global iron mineral deposits. There it is located Rio Doce Hydrographic Basin and the sub-Basin of Rio Piracicaba (Piracicaba River), a tributary of Rio Doce. The area around the high and medium course of Piracicaba River concentrates an important number of mining companies. Iron ore mining activities are considered one of the main agents responsible for raising chemical and mechanical soil leaching rates. In this work, the iron oxide content of the bottom sediment of the river was investigated in order to try to correlate the sediment accumulation and the mining activities of the region. The samples collected closest to the springs of Piracicaba river showed the higher contents of iron minerals, probably carried by the tributaries which drain the mining areas. At these stations, hematite concentration values are about four times higher than the average value for the river. Considering this, studying coagulation of iron oxide rich superficial waters from mining areas is imperative to those concerned with the environmental and hydrological equilibria of the river. We tried to do this by using two different coagulants, the traditional aluminum sulphate (alumen) and a natural biopolymer named Moringa oleífera. The superficial waters consist essentially of a suspension of goethite, hematite, kaolinite and quartz, which shows a positive net superficial charge under environmental pH conditions. Alumen showed a good performance in the destabilization of those iron oxide rich particle suspensions. Its coagulation/flocculation mechanism was investigated. Specific adsorption of hydrolysis products of aluminum salts on iron oxide particles followed by an heterocoagulation process involving differently charged substrates have been proposed to explain the turbidity reduction of the suspensions. However, since the seventies, aluminum is under suspicion of being responsible for neurovegetative diseases as Alzheimer, Parkinson’s disturb and cancer. Moringa oleífera is a natural coagulant from a tree, well adapted to North and Northeastern Brazilian climate, whose seeds are largely employed in poor countries of Africa as an efficient coagulant for turbid waters. No test with Moringa in oxide rich waters has been reported so far. Its coagulation efficiency with iron oxide suspensions was similar to that of alumen. The mechanism of coagulation/flocculation of the aqueous extract of the seeds has been investigated through adsorption isotherms, infrared spectroscopy, X-Rays diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, Zeta potential measurements and laser granulometric analysis. The active coagulant fraction of Moringa oleífera seeds are cationic proteins that adsorb on the oxide surface probably by a two step mechanism: establishment of a polypeptide monolayer followed by formation of multilayers that redisperse the destabilized particles
Rherrousse, Fouzi. "Le droit des eaux au Maroc." Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_rherrousse.pdf.
Full textThe regulation of water policy choices related to the ownership of waters of legal policy to follow regarding the sources of traditional rights. Morocco has chosen the state-owned water. He expressed his commitment to the protection of the resources and to French law. Indeed, the vision of the Empire hydraulic Sherifian does not differ from that preached the Kingdom of Morocco. The French law remains a source of inspiration for the Moroccan legislature. Traditional sources of law that is Islamic law and customary law resists including through their roots in society in general and in particular peasant society and offers an alternative to positive law
Ammar, Hakim. "Les monuments des eaux à Sala dans l'Antiquité." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010563.
Full textSavignat, Thierry. "Oxygénation des eaux de surface." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P181.
Full textDrissi, Lalla Amina. "Le problème de la pollution des eaux marines au Maroc." Montpellier 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON30007.
Full textThe study of marine coastal environment in morrocco reveals a chronic and accidental contaminations resulting essentially from anthropic concentration and industrial implantation which has grew up through the last three decades after the independance. The consequences of this concentration could be dangerous if some serious mesures will not be taken. Although great efforts have been made to combat marine pollution, a limitation of wastes by an epuration of urban and industrial wastes remains necessary
Zouiten, Mounir. "Essai sur la maitrise des eaux à usage agricole au Maroc." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376019990.
Full textZouiten, Mounir. "Essai sur la maitrise des eaux a usage agricole au maroc." Grenoble 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE21047.
Full textThe study attempts to in ompass the elements which made possible the technical orientation for controling the water destined for agriculture use in morocco. After being part of an ecosystem during the pre colonial period, water a resource naturel, was placed under state control, in view of increasing agricultural production for export. In fact, the extension, under the aegis of the successive governments of the protectorate and the period of post-independance in morocco, and by the means of a judicial code which granted the great water-works and the great perimeters of irrigation, has had negative consequences economically, socially and ecologically. A strategy for development needs to be worked out. It must be based on the relevant sectors of the small and medium water-works installations and oriented towards the participation of the farmer
Winckel, Anne. "Etablissement d'une typologie des eaux thermales par une approche hydrochimique, isotopique et tectonique : exemple du Maroc." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112058.
Full textStructural and geochemical investigations of Moroccan thermal springs allow to establish conceptual models of spring circulation, taking into account problems on the water origin, the acquisition of their mineralization, and also on circulation patterns. Half of the studied springs emergences is located in a context of "thrust and fold belt" while the others are linked to faults intersections. In both cases, the waters emerge preferentially along NE-SW trending faults. Although, most of waters circulates in a carbonate aquifer (Liassic limestone), the chemical type of these waters is mainly Na-Cl, linked to the leaching of Triassic evaporitic layers. Some of the springs are HC03-Na type, due to the presence of gaseous C02 of deep origin. In such a case, it was impossible to estimate the residence time of waters due to this 14C-free input. For non-carbogaseous waters, the dissolved carbon comes from both soil biogenic C02 and the carbonated matrix. Their residence time varies from several thousand years to more than 20000 years B. P. The isotopic compositions of springs (18_0 and 2_H) clearly indicate a meteoric origin of waters, coming from the Atlantic Ocean. The estimation of the recharge altitudes, associated with geographical and geological data, has been used to define the recharge areas of spring waters, which are generally located in the same structural area that of their emergences. On some sites, secondary calcite from open faults were analyzed for 18_0 and 13_C compositions highlighting their hydrothermal origin. The radiocarbon ages are at the detection limit of the 14_C method, i. E. About 50 000 years B. P. However, according to the uranium and thorium isotopic contents, these calcites are not older than 900 000 years B. P. This means that the paleocirculations, related to the last tectonic event, which allow for the precipitation of those calcites, were different from present ones
El, Ouali Abdelhadi. "Contribution du Haut-Atlas central au sud de Midlet à l'alimentation des aquifères profonds du bassin crétacé d'Errachidia (Maroc)." Besançon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BESA2034.
Full textBoutin, Claude. "Biogéographie historique des crustacés malacostracés stygobies du Maroc." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10183.
Full textMarjoua, Ahmed. "Approche géochimique et modélisation hydrodynamqiue de l'aquifère de la Chaouia côtière (Maroc) : origines de la salinisation des eaux." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066387.
Full textFofack, Tsabou Rhoda Lucie. "La société des eaux cachées du Saïss : l’analyse d‘un basculement autour de l’extraction des eaux souterraines profondes au Maroc." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100017.
Full textGroundwater-based irrigation enabled the development of a dynamic agricultural economy in the Saïss plain, located in the north of Morocco. Hidden in the aquifer system, the groundwater resources are made visible by technical objects used for their extraction. These techniques are multiple, including dug wells, tube-wells, and their equipment: motors and pumps. The shift from one technique to the other brought about major agrarian transitions in the region accompanied by a change of groundwater uses by switching from the shallow phreatic aquifer to the deep Liassic aquifer. Beyond changes over the hydrological context and practices of pumping, the change in the uses of the aquifer also shows the shift between two specific social worlds around groundwater exploitation. A “world of scarcity” based on the use of dug wells and the shallow aquifer; and a “world of abundance” where tube-wells can easily pump in the deep Liassic aquifer with its large and more regular flow rate. From one social world to another, the shift is neither a one-way process nor a rupture. On the contrary, their frontiers and limits remain flexible and porous due to the movements of farmers and artisans. By becoming objects within networks that create links and interdependences between actors, techniques are constitutive of a socio-technical network regardless of any direct territorial link with the aquifer. The thesis explores what is socially constructed through the dynamics of groundwater exploitation, by characterizing types of social assemblages generated by the uses of an individualized resource. The analysis of mechanisms around the recycling and transformation of extractive motors reveals an emerging society where relationships between actors of the market are based on a “bazaar economy”. Used to describe and analyse the social, economic and cultural structure in traditional Moroccan societies and oriental societies in general, the properties of the bazaar economy have been reorganised nowadays to organize interrelations between new technical objects. In this system, public actors contribute to the differentiation between the two social worlds around groundwater exploitation, trying to marginalize the social world of wells and supporting the “more rational and tamed” social world of tube wells. Understanding the society of hidden waters by the mediation of techniques and through the relationships of actors to groundwater makes visible the socio-political dynamics in contemporary North Africa. The relation between natural resources-techniques-actors also reveal sociological frontiers between the world of rurality considered by public actors as being “behind” in the economic development of the Nation; and the world of modernity or new technologies which is ahead in this development
Krimissa, Samira. "Nappes superficielles en zone semi-aride : origine des eaux et de la salinité, renouvellement : exemple des nappes Massa et Souss (Maroc)." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2040.
Full textChtaini, Abdessadek. "Etude hydrogéologique du Sahel des Doukkala (Maroc)." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785556.
Full textZouhri, Lahcen. "Structure et modélisation hydrodynamique de l'aquifère de la Mamora (Maroc)." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-7.pdf.
Full textCasellas, Claude. "Dynamique des écosystèmes de lagunes d'épuration d'eaux usées : application au lagunage expérimental de Marrakech (Maroc), comparaison avec le lagunage de Mèze (Hérault)." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON13520.
Full textSenouci, Samira. "Concentration des Enterovirus à partir des eaux et évaluation de la contamination microbienne du milieu hydrique au Maroc." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN12016.
Full textHamdi, Adel. "Identification de sources de pollution dans les eaux de surface." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1565.
Full textLn this work we consider the problem of identification of pollution sources in surface water by recording the concentration of the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) concentration or the Oxygen Deficit (OD). The governing equations that we have considered are : one and two dimensional advection-diffusionreaction equations. Both identifiability and local lipschitz stability results are established. For numerical purpose, we have proposed a direct identification method in one dimensional case and a cost function that transforms the inverse problem into an optimization one in the two dimensional case
Malouki, Allal. "L'agriculture irriguée dans le Sous-Amont (Maroc)." Montpellier 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON30021.
Full textSimilarly to all the other traditional regions of marocco, the gouvernement's interference in agricultural field is justified by a deliberate will of modernisation. This is often accopamnied with somme local technics alienation. However, modern systems of agriculture can hardly take effective place in the traditional surroundings : they don't res@ect the very particularities of the way of life nor the aspirations of the local farmers. This situation, however, leads to serious conflict between the two oppoment systems, as it's well illustrated in the case of souss-amont. Therefore, the juxtaposition of this systems results in important mutations : cultural pratical exchanges, the introduction of the machine in traditional agriculture, use of the mixed in-puts, polyculture, the improment of the out-puts and the reorganisation of the commercial flow. However, the coexistance of the two systems (traditional, modern) has also created various problems, especially water provisions. As a result of its drying up, the emergence of the oueds comes to an end. Moreover, the underground water over-exploitation starts to be, step by step, very succint. To conclude with, the interference of the governement in this region has not saved the natural provisions subject to over-exploitation. Hence, the solution which are now in process are not born under lucky stars
Maiffi-Rassat, Malika. "La flore algale de l'oued tensift : impact des eaux usees de la ville de marrakech (maroc) ; les diatomees, indicateurs biologiques de la qualite des eaux." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066697.
Full textDanneville, Laurent. "Contribution des eaux souterraines aux débits et à la qualité des eaux de surface : exemple de la Garonne, de ses sources à la confluence du Tarn /." Orléans : Éd. BRGM, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36968038m.
Full textEl, Khiati Najat. "Les Characées (macroalgues) du Maroc biotypologie dans les eaux continentales et production dans les dayas (mares temporaires)." Grenoble : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375937790.
Full textEl, Khiati Najat. "Les Characées (macroalgues) du Maroc : biotypologie dans les eaux continentales et production dans les Dayas (mares temporaires)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX11119.
Full textAtlan, Hervé. "Nature et origine des virus mammifères présents dans les eaux de surface." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P043.
Full textGuigui, Christelle. "Procédé hybride de coagulation/ultrafiltration pour la potabilisation des eaux de surface." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30201.
Full textGarneau, Cyril. "Modélisation du transfert des éléments traces métalliques dans les eaux de surface." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2711/.
Full textTrace Metals (TM) are a class of pollutant found in surface waters that can reach important levels. However, modelling tools available to simulate TM in rivers are rare and very specialized. These works propose a modelling approach to simulate transport of TM in rivers subject to dynamic and complex hydrology and physico-chemistry. Therefore, four processes have been modeled: the hydraulics, the transport of dissolved and particulate suspended elements with transient storage, the erosion - sedimentation of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and the sorption - desorption of TM onto the SPM. The developed model was applied to an 87 km reach of the Garonne River in its middle course. Available data were taken in various sampling campaigns under contrasted hydrological conditions. Three TM were used to assess the model ability to simulate their fate. The arsenic and copper were selected for their highly dissolved nature and the lead for its highly particulate nature. The Modelo Hidrodinâmico (MOHID) model provided the hydrodynamic model, using the full St-Venant equations in one dimension for the hydraulics of the river, the advection - dispersion equations for the transport of dissolved and particulate suspended elements and the Partheniades equations for the erosion - sedimentation of the SPM. The One-dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage (OTIS) model was added to account for the transient storage of dissolved and particulate elements. Two chemical model of sorption - desorption were coupled to MOHID. The first one uses a constant separation coefficient of the dissolved and particulate phase of TM, the so-called Kd, while the second is the Windermere Humic Acid Model (WHAM), which computes a variable Kd based on the physico-chemistry and the SPM composition. With the help of modelling hypothesis, the resulting hydro-geo-chemical model was calibrated on the study case and each parameter was either validated or explained by direct or indirect observations. These modelling approaches highlighted the importance of a very good description of the SPM dynamics under a variable hydrological context to simulate TM transport. Furthermore, the transport of a particulate TM such as lead is well represented with a simple sorption model (fixed Kd) while a dissolved TM such as copper is better represented with a variable sorption model. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the model showed that the Kd was very sensitive to the pH. Moreover, the average Kd proved to be sensitive to physico-chemical factors while its variation was mostly influenced by hydrodynamic factors (Manning coefficient and erosion - sedimentation parameters). These works open new insights on the formalism of TM transfer at larger scale
Derraz, Mustapha. "Influence des facteurs environnementaux sur l'évolution de la qualité des eaux de la retenue Oued El Makhazine (Maroc)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604478c.
Full textDerraz, Mustapha. "Influence des facteurs environnementaux sur l'evolution de la qualite des eaux de la retenue oued el makhazine (maroc)." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30013.
Full textBoucharat, Cécile. "Méthodologie d'analyse d'acides organiques à l'état de traces dans les eaux de surface et les eaux destinées à la consommation humaine." Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3008.
Full textNedeltcheva, Théodora Dambrine Etienne. "Analyse spatiale de la composition chimique des ruisseaux vosgiens." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2005_0189_NEDELTCHEVA.pdf.
Full textAmeur, Fatah. "Construction de la surexploitation et reproduction des inégalités d’accès et d’usage des eaux souterraines : Cas des exploitations agricoles dans le Saïss (Maroc)." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AGPT0009.
Full textIn many semi-arid regions, groundwater use enabled agricultural intensification through so-called green revolutions. This intensification enabled farmers to mitigate the lack of water and generate more wealth. However, this also induced riskier pathways due to high production costs and volatile agricultural markets. This also caused overexploitation of groundwater resources in many areas, putting at risk the sustainability of the “groundwater economy” (GWE). New inequalities thus appear, as certain social categories cannot follow the declining water tables. The aim of this thesis is to analyze how the construction of overexploitation and the reproduction of inequalities in the access and the use of groundwater are mutually reinforcing. We adopted a “user perspective” in our research approach, as this perspective received little attention in the international debate on groundwater governance. The study was carried out in a small area of 4200 ha in the Saïss plain in Morocco. First a method was developed to specify the contributions of different social categories of farmer to overexploitation. Then the link between overexploitation and inequality was analyzed. The impact of both issues on the socio-economic differentiation of farms was then studied. Finally, a participatory approach was developed to involve farmers and institutional actors in a reflection on the agricultural future of the zone facing the twin problem of overexploitation and inequality. The results show the importance of direct measurement of groundwater withdrawals, in addition to indirect methods, to explain differences in irrigation practices. These measures specify the contributions of the different social categories of farmers to overexploitation, of which currently the entire agricultural sector is accused. The study shows that overexploitation cannot be dissociated from inequalities in access to and use of groundwater, both problems are part of a vicious cycle. Groundwater overexploitation exacerbates -and is exacerbated by- existing inequalities. This reciprocal relation explains the contrasting fortunes of farmers involved in the GWE in the Saïss. New investors are accumulating wealth by cultivating state-subsidized fruit trees and engaging in a land concentration process. Lessees show productivistic logic and generate considerable revenues at the expense of water and soil resources. Conversely, the assignees of the agrarian reform are ejected from this GWE, sometimes even poorer than they were before accessing it. They are caught in a centrifugal dynamic where the most vulnerable undergo socio-economic exclusion due to declining water tables and overproduction undermining the prices on the market, for which they are not responsible. Since financial capital has become the key factor in production systems under the GWE, the agrarian boom benefits farmers/entrepreneurs who are financially capable of bringing together all production factors. They are likely to continue intensive and high value-added agriculture, perhaps until the resource is depleted. Finally, our study questions the implications of such agricultural dynamics at the territorial scale through an intergenerational debate on the challenges to be overcome. The study revealed the entrepreneurial spirit of the sons of assignees coupled with a territorial anchorage, which could well constitute major assets for a more sustainable development of their territory. The thesis recommends making visible the inequalities related to the overexploitation problem. Knowing the amounts of extracted groundwater, where, and by whom, and clarifying the links between overexploitation and inequalities in access to and use of groundwater could provide useful information for more informed groundwater management in compliance with the principles of sustainability
El, Harchaoui Noureddyne. "Territoires urbains et gouvernance de l'eau dans la ville de Fès (Maroc) : analyse des inégalités socio-spatiales." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10084.
Full textAlinsafi, Asma. "Traitabilité des rejets liquides de l'industrie textile." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPL006N.
Full textThe cost of environmental degradation in Morocco represents 20 milliards of dirhams, i. E. 8. 2% of GNP. 14. 5 milliards of dirhams are related to water and solid waste. This situation is worsening, due to the direct discharge in the environment of industrial wastewater which represents an important organic and toxic pollution. Ln this framework of environmental protection, we have studied the treatability of textile industry wastewater. Ln a first stage, a physico-chemical. Characterization has been performed, focused on colour, toxicity (evaluated by respirometric tests) and on the effect of wastewater variability on the operation and stability of a biological treatment system by activated sludge. Ln a second stage, treatability tests by coagulation, electrocoagulation and photocatalysis have been performed in order to decrease the colour and to increase the biodegradability. Finally the pre-treatment has been coupled to a biotreatment in a sequencing batch reactor to evaluate the performance with respect to discharge norms. Keeping in mind the sustainability of the global project, the discussion takes into account the consumption in energy and reagents and the robustness of the process with respect to the wastewater variability. This work is aiming at the selection of techniques that will be later included in a decision-making tool for the choice of the best available technology for textile wastewater treatment with a possible re-use of the treated water on the industrial site
Inguimberty, Nathalie. "Les pollutions accidentelles des eaux superficielles en France, 1980-1988." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P221.
Full textMartin, Bénédicte. "La matière organique naturelle dissoute des eaux de surface : fractionnement, caractérisation et réactivité." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2268.
Full textOleinikova, Olga. "Dégradation photochimique et biodégradation des colloïdes organiques dans les eaux de surface boréales." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30014/document.
Full textDissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component of natural waters, determining the form of elements and the emission of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4), as well as affecting water biodiversity. A feature of boreal waters, and in particular the study area waters (North. Karelia, Russia), is high concentration of Fe (III), associated with DOM in low-molecular complexes and in high-molecular organo-ferric colloids, which act as the main carriers of metallic trace elements in the most typical hydrological continuum soil - bog - river - lake. The transformation of organo-ferric colloids occurs under the influence of two main factors: bacterial and photochemical degradation. The present study is devoted to the analysis of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and trace elements (TE) behavior in surface waters of the boreal zone under the influence of the heterotrophic bacteria metabolic activity and photolytic oxidation of DOM under sunlight exposure. For the purpose of experiments there were used substrates with predominate allochthonous DOM of humic nature, including peat leachate, pine crown throughfall, fen, humic lake, stream, river and oligotrophic lake. An experiment carried out in laboratory conditions using monocultures of heterotrophic aerobic bacteria Pseudomonas aureofaciens and Pseudomonas saponiphila (isolated on the territory of Karelia) allowed to establish that allochthonous DOM of the boreal zone reservoirs possesses high resistance to the activity of the explored bacteria. The rate of bacterial mineralization of DOC was observed in range from 0 to 4.3 mgC L-1day-1, depending on the substrate, and the low molecular weight fraction (<1 kDa) of DOM was found to be more prone to destruction than high molecular weight (from 1 kDa to 0.22 µm). The interaction of bacteria with various aqueous substrates showed a significant predominance of short-term (< 1 h) adsorption on the cell surface for a wide range of elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Cd, REE, U) over a long term (1 h - 96 h) intracellular uptake of metals and extracellular coprecipitation of elements with Fe and Al hydroxides. Among different substrates, there was an increase in the adsorption with the increase of DOC/Fe ratio in solution, which can be linked to a competition between Fe and metal cations for anionic adsorption sites on cell surface. The long-term removal of dissolved metals did not show any link to pH, DOC, and Fe concentration
Darboux, Frédéric. "Modélisations numérique et expérimentale du ruissellement : effet de la rugosité sur les distances de transfert /." Rennes : Géosciences, Université de Rennes I, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37098908c.
Full textDuclos, Yves. "Les composés organiques volatils (composés aliphatiques halogènes et btex) dans l'environnement de l'agglomération parisienne : atmosphère, retombées humides, eaux usées et eaux de surface." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066104.
Full textMompelat, Sophie. "Résidus pharmaceutiques dans les eaux destinées à la consommation humaine : occurrence et devenir pour une évaluation de l’exposition et du risque sanitaire." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S169.
Full textThe presence of pharmaceutical compounds in drinking-water sources (ground- and surface water) is a recent and a worldwide Public Health issue. Within this framework, this thesis work deals with the occurrence of these substances in water resources, in water utilities, and in drinking-water. This thesis work led to the development of a multi-residue analytical methodology showing satisfactory performances for all pharmaceutical compounds targeted in this study. The implementation of this analytical methodology during sampling and analyses campaigns provided numerous concentrations data about pharmaceutical compounds in dinking-water sources (ground- and surface water) and treated drinking-water in north-west France (The Vilaine and the Mayenne catchment basins). The anthropogenic emission impact on surface water, the temporal variation of surface water quality, and the efficiency of drinking-water treatment process in water utilities to remove pharmaceuticals compounds was also studied and discussed in this work. This thesis work contributes to bring needed knowledge for a further chronic human exposure and health risk assessment related to these compounds occurring in mixture at low-level in drinking-water
Jantaporn, Waritha. "Technologies membranaires innovantes pour la réutilisation des eaux." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30304/document.
Full textWe are interested in polishing steps of waters from sewage treatment plants dealing with domestic wastewater, with a view to their re-use, in particular for irrigation. Membrane separation operations are today most often considered for this type of treatment, with, for example, reverse osmosis coupled with ultrafiltration as a pretreatment. These options present the disadvantages peculiar to these technologies, disadvantages which still need to be sorted out scientifically but also at the technological level. Our initial objective was to completely reconstruct the water reuse flow sheet, based on its overall analysis. We were able to achieve only three of the stages of this work: Analysis of the efficiency of surface modification techniques of ultrafiltration membranes in order to make them fouling resistant. The analysis of the feasibility of using membrane distillation to treat wastewater discharged from traditional sewage treatment plants or by bio-membrane reactors, of which we have made an experimental evaluation based on waters of increasing complexity, up to the treatment of water taken directly from the treatment plant. The promising results of these tests lead us to define operating points for membrane distillation, by a classical analysis of material and energy balances, in which the stage cut-off was considered as an operational parameter
Siblet, Pascale. "Pollution par les eaux de ruissellement urbain et autoroutier." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P182.
Full textDmitrieva, Tatiana. "Perceptions, réglementations et mesures de la qualité des eaux de surface en France, 1854-1964. Le cas des eaux de la ville de Versailles." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066341/document.
Full textThe Seine River pollution both in Paris and its suburbs has been already the subject of several studies. Few studies compare perceptions that physicians, engineers, hygienists or managers might have of the quality of water resources, and the evolution of their state. This confrontation makes it possible to analyze over the long term the effectiveness of the responses made to improve quality. We have achieved this here for the city of Versailles and its waters. The first part of this work describes perceptions of river water quality by experts between 1854 and 1964 based on an analysis of hygiene and urban sanitation reviews, showing the evolution of quality indicators and of regulations. In the 19th century, Versailles has the peculiarity of being essentially fed by water from the Seine thanks to the Marly machine, through a service directly dependent on the State, consequences of its royal past. But as the water quality of the Seine River deteriorates because of the discharges from the Paris sewers, the various administrations, local and national, have to solve the question of water supply and asked for the help of experts to ensure its quality. The chemical and bacteriological analyzes carried out on waters lead to stopping the use of the Seine waters in 1894 in favor of the Marly-Croissy water table. At the same time, Versailles rejected its wastewater into two low-flowing streams: Marivel and Gally. Epidemics and complaints accompany the deterioration of their state. The numerous experiments carried out show the interest in the quality of surface water and at the same time the absence of the political will and the technical limits to improve it, leading to their sacrifice for more than 100 years
Felizzola, Juliana Feitosa. "Analysis and fate of selected human-used antibiotics in surface waters." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX11088.pdf.
Full textThis work contributes to the knowledge of the life cycle of selected human-used antibiotics. It was largely motivated by the increase of the antiobiorésistence. The first part of this memory is dedicated to the development of an analytical methodology for the simultaneous quantification and identification in routine of twelve antibiotics belonging to the main families of antibiotics (fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, sulfonamide and macrolide) in urban wastewater and in surface waters. This methodology is based on on-line solid phase extraction (SPE), coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (Ion Trap). Its advantages are on the one hand, the automation of the analyses and on the other hand, the higher selectivity of the ion trap analyser in comparison to the triple quadrupole in complex matrices, avoiding false positives and false negatives for concentrations above the 50 ng/L. The limits of detection are in the 1-50 ng /L range according to the analyzed compound. The second part is devoted to the survey of the occurrence levels of selected human used antibiotics in a small Mediterranean river (Arc River, Aix-en-Provence, France) as well as their spatio-temporal distribuition. Sampling of water and sediment has been done during several months in winter and in spring, along the river and downstream the outlet of the sewage treatment plant of the city of Aix-en-Provence. The results show that the most frequently detected compounds belong to the macrolide antibiotic family (azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin). The pollution occurs essentially in the winter. The concentrations in clarithromycin and in roxithromycin in the dissolved phase can exceed the µg/L level because of a strong consumption of these medicines during this period and in the absence of significant dilution by background freshwater. These levels of concentration are on average, ten times superior to those met in the European large rivers. Azithromycin accumulates in the sediments. The survey of the spatial distribution reveals the persistence of the investigated macrolides in water at least for a water residence time not exceeding one day and a slow degradation of these compounds in the sediment. The third part is dedicated to the study, in laboratory, of the abiotic degradation processes of three macrolides (clarithromycin, roxithromycin and erythromycin A) in water / sediment systems. The dissipation of macrolides from the aqueous phase might be the result of the direct photolysis of the macrolide/ iron (III) complexes and their adsorption on sediment. Concerning the phototransformation of clarithromycin, half lives determined with the help of a kinetic model should exceed 40 days in November and 25 days in May. Consequently, this transformation pathway is not relevant in small rivers, where the residence time of water is small. It could be more significant in ponds and lagoons systems where the time of residence of waters will be more important. The photolysis of the complex macrolide/iron (III) probably leads to the opening of the lactonic ring of the macrolides and might constitute a pathway for detoxification of these compounds. The sorption of the macrolides on iron (III) and manganese (IV) oxides resulted mainly in their ehanced hydrolysis yielding to losses of the cladinose sugar. This degradation pathway would not be as effective in water sediment as with pure oxides, probably because dissolved organic matter (DOM) might compete with the oxide surfaces for macrolides. It yields a range of intermediates that might maintain some biological activities
Louche, Barbara. "Limites littorales de la nappe de la craie dans la région Nord Pas-de Calais : relations eaux souterraines - eaux superficielles - mer." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10194.
Full textYamine, Nasser El. "Contribution à l'étude qualitative des eaux d'alimentation des principales agglomérations marocaines : problème du maintien, de l'amélioration et de la protection de cette qualité." Montpellier 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON20027.
Full textConan, Céline. "Modélisation des transferts d'eau et de polluants (nitrates et métaux lourds) dans les eaux de surface et les eaux souterraines de trois bassins versants européens." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066067.
Full textDurin, Bertrand. "Transfert et transport colloïdal de polluants métalliques." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2039.
Full textImpact of transport infrastructures, and more generally of urban spaces, on the environment is one of the ministry in load of the environment concerns. The runoff waters of urban impervious surfaces are composed of complex various pollutants. The topic of this work was to specify the colloidal fraction rôle on the mobility of trace elements in road runoff management. The study was performed at the scale of an infiltration bassin equipped to collect and qualify the waters from the road to interstitial volume in the sediment. This global assessment was completed by laboratory column experiments to mimic the variation of ionic strength and hydraulic head. The colloidal fraction collection was collected by ultrafiltration and the characterization was carried out by coupling the physico-chemical analyses (ICP-AES, SAA, SEM, ESEM, STEM, XPS) and a geochemical computer code. The results obtained in situ highlight the existence and the great variability of the colloidal fraction. Only copper was always present in the colloidal fraction from 4 to 59 % of total concentration. A methodology to reduce uncertainty was developed. A strong ionic strength decrease induced a colloidal organic matter release and lead, copper, aluminium mobilization, whereas stop and flow experiment mobilized copper iron, zinc, nickel and organic compounds. The characterization of the colloidal fraction showed that trace elements were associated with aluminium and iron oxides and with organic substances resulting from biological degradation but which are to be identified
N'guessan, Yao Mathieu. "Dynamique des éléments traces dans les eaux de surface des bassins versants agricoles de Gascogne." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPT023A.
Full textThe Gascogne region, located in the South West of France, is cultivated for more than 75% of the area. To evaluate the impact of agricultural practices on the river quality in this region, 83 samples of river bed sediments and 75 samples of river waters were collected. Major and trace elements (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Pb and Cd) concentrations, rare earth elements (REE), POC and DOC, pH were analyzed in these samples. The results show that PHE (Potential Harmful Elements) concentrations vary from 0,01 µg. L -1 (Cd) to 4,46 µg. L -1 (Zn) and from 0. 11µg. G -1 (Cd) to 84. 98 µg. G -1 (Zn) respectively, in the dissolved fraction of the river water and in the particulate fraction of the bed sediments. In the dissolved fraction, PHE are controlled by chloride and organic matter, particulary in the areas where the anthropogenic inputs of these compounds are significant. In the river bed sediments, particulate PHE are mainly associated to iron oxides and aluminosilicates, except Cd which is associated to carbonates. In the Gascogne rivers, PHE mainly originated from natural weathering processes; nevertheless, an anthropogenic contribution can be observed, particularly for Cd, Co and Pb, but the enrichment factor (EF) does not exceed 5. Cd enrichment is particularly important in carbonated cultivated catchment (probably in relation to phosphate fertilizer inputs), which contribute to 35% of the total concentration. The other PHE are more affected by atmospheric depositions in forested areas, which supply between 2% (Cr) and 24% (Co) of the total PHE concentration. Pb anthropogenic contribution (24%) estimated using Pb isotopes is close to the value obtained by geochemical approach (22%). Cd, Co and Pb are the most enriched elements and are the most mobile and available for organisms within the physico-chemical conditions of Gascogne rivers. Finally, REE concentration patterns allow to show that the geochemical signature of Gascogne river bed sediments reflects that of soil surface horizons, in which most of the pollutants are passing through before to be eroded/leached towards the rivers