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Journal articles on the topic 'Eberl'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Gregorovic, Goran, Elizabeth A. Boulden, Rachel Bosshard, Claudio Elgueta Karstegl, Rebecca Skalsky, Bryan R. Cullen, Cornelia Gujer, Patrick Rämer, Christian Münz, and Paul J. Farrell. "Epstein-Barr Viruses (EBVs) Deficient in EBV-Encoded RNAs Have Higher Levels of Latent Membrane Protein 2 RNA Expression in Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines and Efficiently Establish Persistent Infections in Humanized Mice." Journal of Virology 89, no. 22 (September 2, 2015): 11711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01873-15.

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Functions of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded RNAs (EBERs) were tested in lymphoblastoid cell lines containing EBER mutants of EBV. Binding of EBER1 to ribosomal protein L22 (RPL22) was confirmed. Deletion of EBER1 or EBER2 correlated with increased levels of cytoplasmic EBV LMP2 RNA and with small effects on specific cellular microRNA (miRNA) levels, but protein levels of LMP1 and LMP2A were not affected. Wild-type EBV and EBER deletion EBV had approximately equal abilities to infect immunodeficient mice reconstituted with a human hematopoietic system.
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2

Fok, Victor, Kyle Friend, and Joan A. Steitz. "Epstein-Barr virus noncoding RNAs are confined to the nucleus, whereas their partner, the human La protein, undergoes nucleocytoplasmic shuttling." Journal of Cell Biology 173, no. 3 (May 8, 2006): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200601026.

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The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) noncoding RNAs, EBV-encoded RNA 1 (EBER1) and EBER2, are the most abundant viral transcripts in all types of latently infected human B cells, but their function remains unknown. We carried out heterokaryon assays using cells that endogenously produce EBERs to address their trafficking, as well as that of the La protein, because EBERs are quantitatively bound by La in vivo. Both in this assay and in oocyte microinjection assays, EBERs are confined to the nucleus, suggesting that their contribution to viral latency is purely nuclear. EBER1 does not bind exportin 5; therefore, it is unlikely to act by interfering with microRNA biogenesis. In contrast, La, which is a nuclear phosphoprotein, undergoes nucleocytoplasmic shuttling independent of the nuclear export protein Crm1. To ensure that small RNA shuttling can be detected in cells that are negative for EBER shuttling, we demonstrate the shuttling of U1 small nuclear RNA.
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3

Wu, Yi, Seiji Maruo, Misako Yajima, Teru Kanda, and Kenzo Takada. "Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Encoded RNA 2 (EBER2) but Not EBER1 Plays a Critical Role in EBV-Induced B-Cell Growth Transformation." Journal of Virology 81, no. 20 (August 8, 2007): 11236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00579-07.

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ABSTRACT Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded RNA 1 (EBER1) and EBER2 are untranslated RNAs and the most abundant viral transcripts in latently EBV-infected cells. We previously reported that EBERs play a critical role in efficient EBV-induced growth transformation of primary B cells. To investigate whether EBER1 and EBER2 have distinct roles in B-cell growth transformation, recombinant EBVs carrying either EBER1 or EBER2 were generated. The transforming ability of recombinant EBVs expressing EBER2 was as high as that of EBVs expressing both EBER1 and EBER2. In contrast, the transforming ability of recombinant EBVs carrying EBER1 was impaired and was similar to that of EBV lacking both EBER1 and EBER2. Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) established with EBVs carrying EBER2 proliferated at low cell densities, while LCLs established with EBVs carrying EBER1 did not. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) production in LCLs expressing EBER2 was more abundant than in those lacking EBER2. The growth of LCLs lacking EBER2 was enhanced by the addition of recombinant IL-6 to the cell culture, while the growth of EBER2-expressing LCLs was inhibited by a neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibody. These results demonstrate that EBER2, but not EBER1, contributes to efficient B-cell growth transformation. We conclude that EBER1 and EBER2, despite their structural similarity, have different functions in latently infected lymphoblastoid cells.
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4

Mamełka, Tomasz. "Jason T. EBERL, Thomistic Principles and Bioethics." Roczniki Filozoficzne 63, no. 1 (2015): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rf.2015.63.1-12.

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5

Bishop, Jeffrey P., and Jason T. Eberl. "Rebuttal From Drs Bishop and Eberl." Chest 159, no. 6 (June 2021): 2169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.01.030.

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6

Somers, Ciaran. "Irmfried Eberl: psychiatry and the Third Reich." British Journal of Psychiatry 206, no. 4 (April 2015): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.148783.

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7

Hershenov, David B. "Thomistic Principles and Bioethics, by Jason T. Eberl." National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 8, no. 1 (2008): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ncbq20088196.

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8

Accad, Michel. "A Rejoinder to Jason Eberl on Brain Death." Linacre Quarterly 83, no. 1 (February 2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2046905515y.0000000053.

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9

Matsuda, T. "Synthesis of a regularly interstratified 2:1 margarite and beidellite (34 Å phase)." Clay Minerals 33, no. 2 (June 1998): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/000985598545534.

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Regularly interstratified mica-smectites and chlorite-smectites have been synthesized by Ueda & Sudo (1966), Frank-Kamenetskij et al. (1972), Matsuda & Henmi (1973, 1974) and by Eberl (1978). Only a few studies have been carded out, however, on regularly interstratified minerals whose spacings exceed 30 Å (Lazarenko & Korolev, 1970; Sato & Kizaki, 1972).
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10

DECKERS, JAN. "WHY EBERL IS WRONG. REFLECTIONS ON THE BEGINNING OF PERSONHOOD." Bioethics 21, no. 5 (June 2007): 270–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8519.2007.00553.x.

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11

Herbst, H., E. Steinbrecher, G. Niedobitek, LS Young, L. Brooks, N. Muller-Lantzsch, and H. Stein. "Distribution and phenotype of Epstein-Barr virus-harboring cells in Hodgkin's disease." Blood 80, no. 2 (July 15, 1992): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v80.2.484.484.

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Abstract Distribution and phenotype of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-harboring cells were determined in Hodgkin's disease (HD) biopsies by in situ hybridization with [35S]-labeled RNA probes specific for the small EBV- encoded nuclear RNAs, EBER1 and EBER2, in some instances preceded by immunohistology for CD20, CD30, CD45RO, and CD68 antigens, the T-cell receptor beta-chain, and latent membrane antigen (LMP) of EBV. Twenty- three of 46 HD cases displayed EBER transcripts in all Hodgkin and Reed- Sternberg (H-RS) cells, and 18 of these cases showed LMP expression exclusively in neoplastic cells. EBER+ small reactive cells were present in 39 cases in low numbers, and in three cases in abundance. Thus, presence of H-RS cells with or without LMP expression was not accompanied by an unrestricted proliferation of reactive EBER+/LMP- lymphoid cells in the majority of HD patients. Simultaneous in situ hybridization with [35S]-labeled immunoglobulin light chain (IgLC) gene probes and nonisotopically labeled EBER probe showed a phenotype of mature B lymphocytes and a polyclonal composition for a large proportion of the EBER+ small cells. However, in contrast to noninfected cells, CD20 expression was not detectable in many of these cells, which may indicate downregulation of certain differentiation antigens in latently EBV-infected small lymphoid cells in vivo.
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12

Herbst, H., E. Steinbrecher, G. Niedobitek, LS Young, L. Brooks, N. Muller-Lantzsch, and H. Stein. "Distribution and phenotype of Epstein-Barr virus-harboring cells in Hodgkin's disease." Blood 80, no. 2 (July 15, 1992): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v80.2.484.bloodjournal802484.

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Distribution and phenotype of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-harboring cells were determined in Hodgkin's disease (HD) biopsies by in situ hybridization with [35S]-labeled RNA probes specific for the small EBV- encoded nuclear RNAs, EBER1 and EBER2, in some instances preceded by immunohistology for CD20, CD30, CD45RO, and CD68 antigens, the T-cell receptor beta-chain, and latent membrane antigen (LMP) of EBV. Twenty- three of 46 HD cases displayed EBER transcripts in all Hodgkin and Reed- Sternberg (H-RS) cells, and 18 of these cases showed LMP expression exclusively in neoplastic cells. EBER+ small reactive cells were present in 39 cases in low numbers, and in three cases in abundance. Thus, presence of H-RS cells with or without LMP expression was not accompanied by an unrestricted proliferation of reactive EBER+/LMP- lymphoid cells in the majority of HD patients. Simultaneous in situ hybridization with [35S]-labeled immunoglobulin light chain (IgLC) gene probes and nonisotopically labeled EBER probe showed a phenotype of mature B lymphocytes and a polyclonal composition for a large proportion of the EBER+ small cells. However, in contrast to noninfected cells, CD20 expression was not detectable in many of these cells, which may indicate downregulation of certain differentiation antigens in latently EBV-infected small lymphoid cells in vivo.
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13

Baglio, S. Rubina, Monique A. J. van Eijndhoven, Danijela Koppers-Lalic, Jordi Berenguer, Sinéad M. Lougheed, Susan Gibbs, Nicolas Léveillé, et al. "Sensing of latent EBV infection through exosomal transfer of 5′pppRNA." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 5 (January 14, 2016): E587—E596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518130113.

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Complex interactions between DNA herpesviruses and host factors determine the establishment of a life-long asymptomatic latent infection. The lymphotropic Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) seems to avoid recognition by innate sensors despite massive transcription of immunostimulatory small RNAs (EBV-EBERs). Here we demonstrate that in latently infected B cells, EBER1 transcripts interact with the lupus antigen (La) ribonucleoprotein, avoiding cytoplasmic RNA sensors. However, in coculture experiments we observed that latent-infected cells trigger antiviral immunity in dendritic cells (DCs) through selective release and transfer of RNA via exosomes. In ex vivo tonsillar cultures, we observed that EBER1-loaded exosomes are preferentially captured and internalized by human plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) that express the TIM1 phosphatidylserine receptor, a known viral- and exosomal target. Using an EBER-deficient EBV strain, enzymatic removal of 5′ppp, in vitro transcripts, and coculture experiments, we established that 5′pppEBER1 transfer via exosomes drives antiviral immunity in nonpermissive DCs. Lupus erythematosus patients suffer from elevated EBV load and activated antiviral immunity, in particular in skin lesions that are infiltrated with pDCs. We detected high levels of EBER1 RNA in such skin lesions, as well as EBV-microRNAs, but no intact EBV-DNA, linking non–cell-autonomous EBER1 presence with skin inflammation in predisposed individuals. Collectively, our studies indicate that virus-modified exosomes have a physiological role in the host–pathogen stand-off and may promote inflammatory disease.
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14

Tolker-Nielsen, Tim, Allan Beck Christensen, Kim Holmstrøm, Leo Eberl, Thomas Bovbjerg Rasmussen, Claus Sternberg, Arne Heydorn, Søren Molin, and Michael Givskov. "Assessment of flhDC mRNA Levels inSerratia liquefaciens Swarm Cells." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 10 (May 15, 2000): 2680–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.10.2680-2686.2000.

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ABSTRACT We reported previously that artificial overexpression of theflhDC operon in liquid-grown Serratia liquefaciens resulted in the formation of filamentous, multinucleated, and hyperflagellated cells that were indistinguishable from surface-induced swarm cells (L. Eberl, G. Christiansen, S. Molin, and M. Givskov, J. Bacteriol. 178:554–559, 1996). In the present report we show by means of reporter gene measurements, Northern analysis, and in situ reverse transcription-PCR that the amount offlhDC mRNA in surface-grown swarm cells does not exceed the maximum level found in nondifferentiated, vegetative cells. This suggests that surface-induced S. liquefaciens swarm cell differentiation, although dependent on flhDC gene expression, does not occur through elevated flhDC mRNA levels.
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15

Jayme, Erik. "Eberl, Wolfgang u.a.: Kulturgüter. Gesetzlicher Rahmen zum Umgang mit Denkmälern und Kunstwerken einschließlich Steuerrecht, 2016." UFITA 81, no. 1 (2016): 318–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2568-9185-2016-1-318.

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16

Wensing, Barbara, Albert Stühler, Peter Jenkins, Martine Hollyoake, Claudio Elgueta Karstegl, and Paul J. Farrell. "Variant Chromatin Structure of theoriP Region of Epstein-Barr Virus and Regulation of EBER1 Expression by Upstream Sequences andoriP." Journal of Virology 75, no. 13 (July 1, 2001): 6235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.13.6235-6241.2001.

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ABSTRACT Most of the Epstein-Barr virus genome in latently infected cells is in a standard nucleosomal structure, but the region encompassingoriP and the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA (EBER) genes shows a distinctive pattern when digested with micrococcal nuclease. This pattern corresponds to a previously mapped nuclear matrix attachment region. Although the EBER genes are adjacent to oriP, there is only a two- to fourfold effect oforiP on EBER expression. However, sequences containing a consensus ATF site upstream of EBER1 are important for EBER1 expression.
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17

Yajima, Misako, Teru Kanda, and Kenzo Takada. "Critical Role of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Encoded RNA in Efficient EBV-Induced B-Lymphocyte Growth Transformation." Journal of Virology 79, no. 7 (April 1, 2005): 4298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.7.4298-4307.2005.

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ABSTRACT It was demonstrated that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) were nonessential for B-lymphocyte growth transformation. We revisited this issue by producing a large quantity of EBER-deleted EBV by using an Akata cell system. Although the EBER-deleted virus efficiently infected B lymphocytes, its 50% transforming dose was approximately 100-fold less than that of the EBER-positive EBV. We then engineered the genome of EBER-deleted virus and generated a recombinant virus with the EBER genes reconstituted at their native locus. The resultant EBER-reconstituted EBV exhibited restored transforming ability. In addition, lymphoblastoid cell lines established with the EBER-deleted EBV grew significantly more slowly than those established with wild-type or EBER-reconstituted EBV, and the difference between the growth rates was especially highlighted when the cells were plated at low cell densities. These results clearly demonstrate that EBERs significantly contribute to the efficient growth transformation of B lymphocytes by enhancing the growth potential of transformed lymphocytes.
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18

Houmani, Jennifer L., Christopher I. Davis, and Ingrid K. Ruf. "Growth-Promoting Properties of Epstein-Barr Virus EBER-1 RNA Correlate with Ribosomal Protein L22 Binding." Journal of Virology 83, no. 19 (July 29, 2009): 9844–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01014-09.

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ABSTRACT The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded RNAs, EBER-1 and EBER-2, are highly abundant noncoding nuclear RNAs expressed during all forms of EBV latency. The EBERs have been shown to impart significant tumorigenic potential upon EBV-negative Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells and to contribute to the growth potential of other B-cell lymphoma-, gastric carcinoma-, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma-derived cell lines. However, the mechanisms underlying this EBER-dependent enhancement of cell growth potential remain to be elucidated. Here we focused on the known interaction between EBER-1 and the cellular ribosomal protein L22 and the consequences of this interaction with respect to the growth-promoting properties of the EBERs. L22, a component of 60S ribosomal subunits, binds three sites on EBER-1, and a substantial fraction of available L22 is relocalized from nucleoli to the nucleoplasm in EBV-infected cells. To investigate the hypothesis that EBER-1-mediated relocalization of L22 in EBV-infected cells is critical for EBER-dependent functions, we investigated whether EBER-1 expression is necessary and sufficient for nucleoplasmic retention of L22. Following demonstration of this, we utilized RNA-protein binding assays and fluorescence localization studies to demonstrate that mutation of the L22 binding sites on EBER-1 prevents L22 binding and inhibits EBER-1-dependent L22 relocalization. Finally, the in vivo consequence of preventing L22 relocalization in EBER-expressing cells was examined in soft agar colony formation assays. We demonstrate that BL cells expressing mutated EBER-1 RNAs rendered incapable of binding L22 have significantly reduced capacity to enhance cell growth potential relative to BL cells expressing wild-type EBERs.
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19

Pißler, Knut Benjamin. "Eberl-Borges, Christina: Einführung in das chinesische Recht. – Baden-Baden: Nomos 2018. 216 S. (Nomos Studium.)." Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht 83, no. 2 (2019): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/rabelsz-2019-0044.

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20

Eberl, Hermann J., Hassan Khassehkhan, and Laurent Demaret. "A Mixed-Culture Model of a Probiotic Biofilm Control System." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 11, no. 2 (2010): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17486700902789355.

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We present a mathematical model and computer simulations for the control of a pathogenic biofilm by a probiotic biofilm. This is a substantial extension of a previous model of control of a pathogenic biofilm by microbial control agents that are suspended in the aqueous bulk phase (H. Khassehkhan and H.J. Eberl, Comp. Math. Meth. Med, 9(1) (2008), pp. 47–67). The mathematical model is a system of double-degenerate diffusion–reaction equations for the microbial biomass fractions probiotics, pathogens and inert bacteria, coupled with convection–diffusion–reaction equations for two growth controlling substrates, protonated lactic acids and hydrogen ions (pH). The latter are produced by the bacteria and become detrimental at high concentrations. In simulation studies, we find that the site of attachment of probiotics in the flow channel is crucial for success and efficacy of the probiotic control mechanism.
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21

McGUIRE, BRIAN PATRICK. "Die Zisterzienser. Geschichte eines europäischen Ordens. By Immo Eberl. Pp. 616. Stuttgart: Thorbecke, 2002. €29.90. 3 7995 003 7." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 54, no. 4 (October 2003): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046903438086.

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22

Kochenov, Dimitry. "Reconsidering EU citizenship: Contradictions and constraints. Edited bySandra Seubert, Oliver Eberl and Frans van Waarden. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2018." Constellations 27, no. 3 (June 25, 2020): 563–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12509.

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23

Griessler, A., E. Pirker, H. Söllner, J. Segalés, T. Kekarainen, M. Ritzmann, and Ch Lang. "Nachweis des porzinen Circovirus Typ 2 und des Torque-Teno-Sus-Virus 1 und 2 in Samenproben von Ebern einer österreichischen Besamungsstation." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere 39, no. 04 (2011): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1623060.

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Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: Das porzine Circovirus Typ 2 (PCV-2) und das Torque-teno-Sus-Virus (TTSuV) sind in schweineproduzierenden Ländern häufig nachzuweisen. Beide Erreger können sowohl horizontal als auch vertikal übertragen werden und Ebersamen könnte ein wichtiges Übertragungsmedium darstellen. Ziel der Studie war die Abklärung der Prävalenz dieser beiden Viren in Samenproben von Ebern. Material und Methoden: Von 100 Ebern einer Besamungsstation wurde jeweils eine Samenprobe mittels quantitativer Real-Time-PCR auf PCV-2 und mittels konventioneller PCR auf TTSuV-1 und TTSuV-2 untersucht. Ergebnisse: Nur bei einem Eber der Rasse Piétrain war ein positives PCV-2-Resultat festzustellen. TTSuV-1 ließ sich in vier Samenproben, TTSuV-2 in fünf Proben nachweisen. Ein Eber wies eine Koinfektion mit beiden TTSuV-Genotypen auf. Alle TTSuV-positiven Proben stammten von Piétrain-Ebern. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: In der vorliegenden Studie wurde erstmals in Österreich TTSuV im Samen nachgewiesen. Die Prävalenz sowohl von TTSuV als auch von PCV-2 war gering. Die klinische Relevanz einer gleichzeitigen Kontamination des Samens mit beiden Viren ist nicht klar.
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24

Ruf, Ingrid K., Kristen A. Lackey, Swati Warudkar, and Jeffery T. Sample. "Protection from Interferon-Induced Apoptosis by Epstein-Barr Virus Small RNAs Is Not Mediated by Inhibition of PKR." Journal of Virology 79, no. 23 (December 15, 2005): 14562–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.23.14562-14569.2005.

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ABSTRACT The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EBER transcripts are small, highly structured RNAs able to bind to and inhibit activation of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR in cell-free systems, and within latently infected B-cell lines they inhibit alpha interferon-induced apoptosis that is believed to be mediated through PKR. Here, we address the consequences of EBER expression for PKR activation in vivo in response to alpha interferon. In agreement with published findings, either EBV infection or the EBERs alone protected Burkitt lymphoma cells from alpha-interferon-induced apoptosis. However, utilizing multiple phosphorylation state-specific antibodies to monitor PKR activation within cells in response to interferon, we demonstrate that the EBERs are unable to inhibit phosphorylation of either cytoplasmic or nuclear PKR. Concordantly, a direct substrate of PKR, the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2α), was equally phosphorylated in EBV-positive and EBV-negative cells following interferon treatment. Therefore, EBER inhibition of alpha-interferon-induced apoptosis, and potentially other PKR-mediated events, is unlikely to be mediated through direct inhibition of PKR, as previously thought.
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25

Rao, Pasupuleti, Hua Jiang, and Fred Wang. "Cloning of the Rhesus Lymphocryptovirus Viral Capsid Antigen and Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded Small RNA Homologues and Use in Diagnosis of Acute and Persistent Infections." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 9 (2000): 3219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.9.3219-3225.2000.

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the most common cause of infectious mononucleosis and is associated with the development of several human malignancies. A closely related herpesvirus in the same lymphocryptovirus (LCV) genera as EBV naturally infects rhesus monkeys and provides an important animal model for studying EBV pathogenesis. We cloned the small viral capsid antigen (sVCA) homologue from the rhesus LCV and developed a peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine whether epitopes in the rhesus LCV sVCA are a reliable indicator of rhesus LCV infection. In order to define a “gold standard” for rhesus LCV infection, we also cloned the EBV-encoded small RNA 1 (EBER1) and EBER2 homologues from rhesus LCV and developed a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay to detect persistent LCV infection in rhesus monkey peripheral blood lymphocytes. Animals from a conventional and a hand-reared colony were studied to compare the prevalence of rhesus LCV infection in the two groups. There was a 100% correlation between the peptide ELISA and EBER RT-PCR results for rhesus LCV infection. In addition, specificity for LCV infection and exclusion of potential cross-reactivity to the rhesus rhadinovirus sVCA homologue could be demonstrated using sera from experimentally infected animals. These studies establish two novel assays for reliable diagnosis of acute and persistent rhesus LCV infections. The rhesus LCV sVCA peptide ELISA provides a sensitive and reliable assay for routine screening, and these studies of the hand-reared colony confirm the feasibility of raising rhesus LCV-naive animals.
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26

Tsimberidou, Apostolia-Maria, Michael J. Keating, Carlos Bueso-Ramos, and Razelle Kurzrock. "Epstein-Barr Virus in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 2113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.2113.2113.

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Abstract Purpose: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is implicated in the development of Richter’s transformation in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). The objective of this study was to assess the incidence and the clinical significance of EBV in patients with CLL/SLL. Patients and Methods: Patients with CLL/SLL who presented at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center over a two-year period, and had available marrow paraffin blocks were studied for evidence of EBV infection using a highly specific in-situ hybridization assay for detection of EBV encoded RNA (EBERs). Results were analyzed in relation to other presenting characteristics and outcome. Results: Thirty-two patients were examined. EBERs were detected in 12 of 32 (38%) CLL/SLL marrows versus 0 of 20 normal marrows (p = 0.002). EBERs were observed in sporadic granulocytes alone or in addition to its presence in lymphocytes in nine of the twelve EBV-positive patients. EBERs were detected less frequently in patients with Rai stage 0-1 disease (20%) compared with Rai stage 2–4 (66%; p=0.008); EBER-positive patients tended to have higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (p=0.053). The 10-year survival rate was 22% versus 58% for patients with and without discernible EBERs (log-rank, p=0.08). Figure Figure Conclusions: Evidence of EBV infection was found in 38% of CLL/SLL patients assessed. Despite the small number of patients tested, discernable EBERs were significantly more common in individuals with more advanced Rai stage, and there was a trend toward shorter survival in patients in whom EBV EBERs were discerned. Larger studies are needed to determine the prognostic value and role of EBV infection in patients with CLL/SLL.
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27

Komano, Jun, Seiji Maruo, Koichi Kurozumi, Takanori Oda, and Kenzo Takada. "Oncogenic Role of Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded RNAs in Burkitt’s Lymphoma Cell Line Akata." Journal of Virology 73, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 9827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.12.9827-9831.1999.

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ABSTRACT Our previous reports indicated that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to the malignant phenotype and resistance to apoptosis in Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) cell line Akata (N. Shimizu, A. Tanabe-Tochikura, Y. Kuroiwa, and K. Takada, J. Virol. 68:6069–6073, 1994; J. Komano, M. Sugiura, and K. Takada, J. Virol. 72:9150–9156, 1998). Here we report that the EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) are responsible for these phenotypes. Transfection of the EBER genes into EBV-negative Akata clones restored the capacity for growth in soft agar, tumorigenicity in SCID mice, resistance to apoptotic inducers, and upregulated expression of bcl-2 oncoprotein that were originally retained in parental EBV-positive Akata cells and lost in EBV-negative subclones. This is the first report which provides evidence that virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) have oncogenic functions in BL cells.
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Ruf, Ingrid K., Paul W. Rhyne, Chunying Yang, John L. Cleveland, and Jeffery T. Sample. "Epstein-Barr Virus Small RNAs Potentiate Tumorigenicity of Burkitt Lymphoma Cells Independently of an Effect on Apoptosis." Journal of Virology 74, no. 21 (November 1, 2000): 10223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.21.10223-10228.2000.

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ABSTRACT The tumorigenic potential of the Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell line Akata is dependent on the restricted latency program of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that is characteristically maintained in BL tumors. Within these cells, EBV-mediated inhibition of apoptosis correlates with an up-regulation of BCL-2 levels in concert with a down-regulation in c-MYC expression that occurs under growth-limiting conditions. Here we addressed whether EBV's effects on apoptosis and tumorigenicity are mediated by the EBV small RNAs EBER-1 and EBER-2. Stable expression of the EBERs in EBV-negative Akata BL cells, at levels comparable to those in EBV-positive cells, significantly enhanced the tumorigenic potential of EBV-negative BL cells in SCID mice, but did not fully restore tumorigenicity relative to EBV-positive Akata cells. Furthermore, wild-type or greater levels of EBER expression in EBV-negative Akata cells did not promote BL cell survival. These data therefore suggest that EBV can contribute to BL through at least two avenues: an EBER-dependent mechanism that enhances tumorigenic potential independent of a direct effect on apoptosis, and a second mechanism, mediated by an as-yet-unidentified EBV gene(s), that offsets the proapoptotic consequences of deregulated c-MYC in BL.
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Freidel, David A. "War Owl Falling: Innovation, Creativity, and Culture Change in Ancient Maya Society. Marcus Eberl. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2017, 308 pp. $95.00, cloth. ISBN 9780813056555." Journal of Anthropological Research 75, no. 1 (March 2019): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/701925.

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Begley, Máire, Peter A. Bron, Sinead Heuston, Pat G. Casey, Nadine Englert, Jochen Wiesner, Hassan Jomaa, Cormac G. M. Gahan, and Colin Hill. "Analysis of the Isoprenoid Biosynthesis Pathways in Listeria monocytogenes Reveals a Role for the Alternative 2-C-Methyl-d-Erythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway in Murine Infection." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 11 (September 2, 2008): 5392–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01376-07.

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ABSTRACT Most bacteria synthesize isoprenoids through one of two essential pathways which provide the basic building block, isopentyl diphosphate (IPP): either the classical mevalonate pathway or the alternative non-mevalonate 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. However, postgenomic analyses of the Listeria monocytogenes genome revealed that this pathogen possesses the genetic capacity to produce the complete set of enzymes involved in both pathways. The nonpathogenic species Listeria innocua naturally lacks the last two genes (gcpE and lytB) of the MEP pathway, and bioinformatic analyses strongly suggest that the genes have been lost through evolution. In the present study we show that heterologous expression of gcpE and lytB in L. innocua can functionally restore the MEP pathway in this organism and confer on it the ability to induce Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. We have previously confirmed that both pathways are functional in L. monocytogenes and can provide sufficient IPP for normal growth in laboratory media (M. Begley, C. G. Gahan, A. K. Kollas, M. Hintz, C. Hill, H. Jomaa, and M. Eberl, FEBS Lett. 561:99-104, 2004). Here we describe a targeted mutagenesis strategy to create a double pathway mutant in L. monocytogenes which cannot grow in the absence of exogenously provided mevalonate, confirming the requirement for at least one intact pathway for growth. In addition, murine studies revealed that mutants lacking the MEP pathway were impaired in virulence relative to the parent strain during intraperitoneal infection, while mutants lacking the classical mevalonate pathway were not impaired in virulence potential. In vivo bioluminescence imaging also confirmed in vivo expression of the gcpE gene (MEP pathway) during murine infection.
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Glickman, J. N., J. G. Howe, and J. A. Steitz. "Structural analyses of EBER1 and EBER2 ribonucleoprotein particles present in Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells." Journal of Virology 62, no. 3 (1988): 902–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.62.3.902-911.1988.

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32

Weikel, J., M. Ritzmann, Ortrun Lipp, K. Heinritzi, U. Truyen, and Marion Kixmöller. "Immunhistochemische Untersuchungen von Gehirnen älterer Sauen und Eber auf transmissible spongiforme Enzephalopathie." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere 32, no. 06 (2004): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1623501.

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Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: Es sollte überprüft werden, ob bei älteren Sauen und Ebern in der Obexregion verändertes Prionprotein (PrPsc) und somit die transmissible spongiforme Enzephalopathie nachweisbar ist. Material und Methoden: Zur Untersuchung gelangten 48 Hirngewebsproben, die im Jahr 2002 gesammelt worden waren. Sie stammten von Sauen und Ebern im Alter zwischen zwei und fünf Jahren. Bei den Tieren handelte es sich um Patienten der Klinik für Schweine, Eber aus unterschiedlichen Besamungsstationen, die altersbedingt oder krankheitsbedingt aus dem Deckbetrieb ausgeschieden waren, sowie um ausgemerzte Altsauen, die der Schlachtung zugeführt wurden. Die männlichen Tiere gehörten den Rassen Piétrain, Duroc sowie der Deutschen Landrasse (DL) an, bei den Sauen waren Kreuzungen zwischen DL und Deutschem Edelschwein, reinrassige DL-Sauen sowie eine Schwäbisch Hällische Sau vertreten. Die immunhistochemischen Untersuchungen wurden mit dem allgemein gebräuchlichen Antikörper L42 der Bundesforschungsanstalt für Viruskrankheiten (BFAV) der Tiere, Insel Riems, durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Eine Bindung dieses Antikörpers an pathologisches durch Konformationsänderung entstandenes Prionprotein (PrPsc) ließ sich nicht nachweisen. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: In Übereinstimmung mit der herrschenden Ansicht weist unsere Studie daraufhin, dass eine natürliche Übertragung von TSE beim Schwein nicht vorkommt.
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Hoffman, Brett A., Yiping Wang, Emily R. Feldman, and Scott A. Tibbetts. "Epstein–Barr virus EBER1 and murine gammaherpesvirus TMER4 share conserved in vivo function to promote B cell egress and dissemination." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 51 (December 3, 2019): 25392–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1915752116.

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The oncogenic gammaherpesviruses, including human Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68, γHV68, MuHV-4) establish life-long latency in circulating B cells. The precise determinants that mediate in vivo gammaherpesvirus latency and tumorigenesis remain unclear. The EBV-encoded RNAs (EBERs) are among the first noncoding RNAs ever identified and have been the subject of decades of studies; however, their biological roles during in vivo infection remain unknown. Herein, we use a series of refined virus mutants to define the active isoform of MHV68 noncoding RNA TMER4 and demonstrate that EBV EBER1 functionally conserves this activity in vivo to promote egress of infected B cells from lymph nodes into peripheral circulation.
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Pimienta, Genaro, Victor Fok, Maria Haslip, Maria Nagy, Seyedtaghi Takyar, and Joan A. Steitz. "Proteomics and Transcriptomics of BJAB Cells Expressing the Epstein-Barr Virus Noncoding RNAs EBER1 and EBER2." PLOS ONE 10, no. 6 (June 29, 2015): e0124638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124638.

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35

Anagnostopoulos, I., M. Hummel, C. Kreschel, and H. Stein. "Morphology, immunophenotype, and distribution of latently and/or productively Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells in acute infectious mononucleosis: implications for the interindividual infection route of Epstein-Barr virus." Blood 85, no. 3 (February 1, 1995): 744–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v85.3.744.bloodjournal853744.

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The present study was undertaken to unequivocally demonstrate the morphology, immunophenotype, and localization of Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-infected cells as well as the type of infection (latent versus productive) in tonsils of acute infectious mononucleosis. Paraffin sections from nine cases with clinical, serologic, and morphologic evidence of EBV infection were analyzed for the detection of small transcripts, designated EBER1 & 2, and BHLF1 by in situ hybridization (ISH) using nonisotopically labeled probes. ISH was combined with immunohistology, employing a broad panel of antibodies against B-, T-, epithelial-, macrophage-, and follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-antigens. All EBER-positive cells could be identified as lymphocytes, as they did not exhibit any morphologic or immunologic characteristics of epithelial cells, macrophages, or FDCs. A preferential accumulation of EBER-positive cells was noted around crypts, within surface squamous epithelium, and in the surroundings of necrosis. The majority of these lymphocytes could be shown to be B cells, which morphologically included Reed-Sternberg (RS)-like cells, immunoblasts, medium-sized lymphoid cells, as well as cells with plasmacytoid differentiation. In all cases, a varying number of EBER-positive T cells could be identified. ISH for BHLF1-RNA detection showed that almost all cases contained single positive small lymphoid cells, indicating a transition from latent to productive infection cycle. Such cells could also be detected within the crypt epithelium reaching up to its surface. Additional screening of 123 oropharyngeal mucosa samples from patients without evidence of acute EBV-infection, using the polymerase chain reaction for EBV-DNA detection combined with EBER- and BHLF1-ISH showed single latently infected lymphocytes in only one case. Our data imply that infected lymphocytes and not epithelial cells are, in fact, the reservoir for EBV infection, and that these are the cells that participate in the interindividual virus transfer.
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36

Grana-Behrens, Daniel. "Eberl, Markus: War Owl Falling. Innovation, Creativity, and Culture Change in Ancient Maya Society. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2017. 291 pp. ISBN 978-0-8130-5655-5. Price: $ 95.00." Anthropos 114, no. 1 (2019): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2019-1-249.

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37

Preciado, MV, E. De Matteo, B. Diez, J. Menarguez, and S. Grinstein. "Presence of Epstein-Barr virus and strain type assignment in Argentine childhood Hodgkin's disease." Blood 86, no. 10 (November 15, 1995): 3922–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.10.3922.bloodjournal86103922.

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated in the etiology of a large number of malignancies. Most recently several studies have linked EBV to Hodgkin's disease. In this report, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were collected retrospectively from 41 children with Hodgkin's disease treated at our hospital. Lymph node biopsies were examined for the presence of two virus-encoded latent proteins: latent membrane protein (LMP) and Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-2 (EBNA-2), in Reed- Sternberg (RS) and Hodgkin (H) cells, by peroxidase immunolabeling. Nonisotopic Epstein-Barr encoded RNAs (EBERs) in situ hybridization was also performed and positive labeling in malignant cells was detected. Twenty specimens were EBER+/LMP+, 2 were EBER+/LMP-, and 19 were EBER- /LMP-. However, none of the 41 cases expressed EBNA-2. Twenty-two of 41 (54%) cases were EBV positive including 2 of 6 with lymphocyte predominance, 19 of 25 with mixed cellularity, 0 of 9 with nodular sclerosis, and 1 of 1 with lymphocyte depletion. In the age range of 2 to 6 years, 14 of 17 (82%) samples were EBV-positive, whereas only 8 of 24 (33%) samples from the age range of 7 to 15 years contained EBV. (P = .004), a two-tailed Fisher's test). In 17 samples, polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed using strain specific primers for exon sequences of the EBNA-3C gene of EBV. From 12 positive samples, 8 contained EBV-A and 4 EBV-B. These results support the hypothesis that EBV contributes to the pathogenesis of pediatric Hodgkin's disease, particularly in mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease and in the younger group.
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Cavallar, Georg. "Oliver Eberl and Peter Niesen, Immanuel Kant: Zum ewigen Frieden und Auszüge aus der Rechtslehre: Kommentar (Suhrkamp Studienbibliothek 14) Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2011 Pp. 416, pbk, €15 ISBN: 978-3-518-27014-1." Kantian Review 17, no. 2 (June 8, 2012): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369415412000106.

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39

NOORDUIN, MARTEN. "ANTON EBERL (1765–1807), ED. MARTIN HARLOW SONATA FOR VIOLIN AND FORTEPIANO IN D MAJOR, OP. 20 Launton, UK: Edition HH, 2017 pp. xiv + 36 (+ parts), isbn 978 1 910 35938 9." Eighteenth Century Music 15, no. 1 (March 2018): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478570617000501.

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40

Ames, Eric. "Herzog by Ebert by Roger Ebert." Film Quarterly 71, no. 2 (2017): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2017.71.2.110.

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41

Vasef, Mohammad A., Alfio Ferlito, and Lawrence M. Weiss. "Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, with Emphasis on its Relationship to Epstein-Barr Virus." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 106, no. 4 (April 1997): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949710600416.

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial tumor with a distinct geographic distribution and a characteristic histologic appearance. It is rare in Europe and North America, but it is among the most common cancers in southern China. Genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) all have been associated with the pathogenesis of this tumor. There is an increasing body of evidence that among all these factors, EBV appears to be the strongest and most consistently related factor. According to the current sensitive in situ hybridization methods for the detection of EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBER), almost 100% of cases of NPC, irrespective of their histologic subtypes, have demonstrable EBERs in the nuclei of the tumor cells. In this review paper, we discuss the predisposing genetic and environmental factors and the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of this tumor with particular emphasis on the role of EBV.
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42

Kaur, Amanpreet, and Balwinder Singh. "Disentangling the reputation – performance paradox: Indian evidence." Journal of Indian Business Research 12, no. 2 (February 14, 2020): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jibr-02-2018-0081.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the existence of bi-directional relation between corporate reputation and financial performance in developing nation like India. Design/methodology/approach The study conducts panel regression analysis on data collected from annual reports of Indian companies constituting BSE 500 index over a period of 10 years (1 April, 2002 to 31 March, 2012). Findings The results of the study point towards the existence of strong positive bi-directional liaison between reputation and performance in India, thereby confirming the presence of “vicious circle” in context of emerging economy like India. The results are in line with the findings of Roberts and Dowling (2002) and Eberl and Schwaiger (2005), who asserted existence of reputational “vicious circle” in developed nations. Research limitations/implications The current study measures the performance of companies through accounting-based measures only. However, incorporating market-based measures could have provided better insights into the relationship between corporate reputation and financial performance. The period of study pertains to the pre-mandatory regime, wherein changes brought about by the enactment of companies act, 2013 is out of the scope of the present research. Practical implications It is argued that in actual practice managers should realise the ingenuity of intangible resources and incorporate them into their strategical plans. It is high time that corporate managers of developing nations give impetus to reputation building activities and uphold a good reputation to improve their financial outcomes. Thus, where good financial performance seems indispensable to build a good reputation, at the same time having the resource (good reputation) is not sufficient, its nurturing, management and effective use is all the more crucial if it is to improve financial performance. Originality/value There exists hardly any study comprehensively examining the relationship between corporate reputation and financial performance in the Indian context. This is the first known study to empirically test the lag relation between corporate reputation and financial performance in the Indian market. The study is unique as it follows a different approach in measuring corporate reputation. It is the first longitudinal study to analyse the bi-directional reputation-performance liaison in an emerging economy like India.
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Pingel, Sabine, Horst Hannig, Kerstin Mätz-Rensing, Franz-Josef Kaup, Gerhard Hunsmann, and Walter Bodemer. "Detection of Epstein-Barr virus small RNAs EBER1 and EBER2 in lymphomas of SIV-infected rhesus monkeys byin situ hybridization." International Journal of Cancer 72, no. 1 (July 3, 1997): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19970703)72:1<160::aid-ijc23>3.0.co;2-m.

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44

Grasser, FA, PG Murray, E. Kremmer, K. Klein, K. Remberger, W. Feiden, G. Reynolds, G. Niedobitek, LS Young, and N. Mueller-Lantzsch. "Monoclonal antibodies directed against the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1): immunohistologic detection of EBNA1 in the malignant cells of Hodgkin's disease." Blood 84, no. 11 (December 1, 1994): 3792–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v84.11.3792.bloodjournal84113792.

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Monoclonal antibodies directed against the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 1 (EBNA1) were used to examine conventional paraffin sections from a series of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders by immunohistochemistry. The presence of latent EBV infection in tumor cells was determined by in situ hybridization for the Epstein-Barr virus early RNAs (EBERs). Of those EBER-positive cases a total of 28 of 40 cases of Hodgkin's disease, 3 of 3 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma, and 8 of 8 cases of human immunodeficiency virus-associated cerebral B-cell lymphoma expressed detectable amounts of EBNA1. In the positive cases, expression was confined to the tumor cells. No reactivity was detected in EBV-negative cases of the above tumors or in 8 cases of EBV-negative cases of large cell anaplastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This report provides the first unequivocal evidence for the expression of the EBNA1 protein in the tumor cells of Hodgkin's disease and validates an important reagent with which to analyze the role of EBV in various virus-associated malignancies.
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45

Hong, Junshik, Sanghui Park, Jinny Park, Jeong Yeal Ahn, Kyung-Hee Kim, and Jae Hoon Lee. "Prognostic Value of Epstein-Barr Virus Infected Tumor Cell Size in Patients with Extranodal Natural Killer T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 5191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.5191.5191.

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Abstract Abstract 5191 Backgrounds: Extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (nasal ENKTL) is a distinct clinicopathologic entity of lymphoid tumors with variable size and differentiation of tumor cells. Nasal ENKTL is related to infection of the tumor cells with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and virtually all cases contain monoclonal episomal EBV DNA and detectable EBV encoded small nuclear RNAs (EBERs). Several clinical factors were known for their relation to the prognosis, but histopathologic prognostic factors of nasal ENKTL have not yet been well established. We evaluated prognostic value of the size and density of EBER-positive tumor cells along with immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression of CD30 and CD56. Patients and Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed nasal ENKTL treated in a single institution (Gachon University Gil Hospital) were evaluated with respect to clinical characteristics, survival, and histopathologic characteristics. IHC were performed using anti-CD56 (DAKO), CD30 (DAKO). EBV RNA was detected by an ISH (in situ hybridization) technique. Paraffin sections were pretreated with xylene followed by treatment with proteinase K and hybridized with FITC-conjugated EBV oligonucleotides (Novocastra) complementary to the nRNA portion of the EBER-1 and EBER-2 genes. The numbers of EBER-positive tumor cells were counted and the nuclear length of tumor cells were measured using a computerized image analysis system (IMT i-Solution Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada) that included a DP70 Digital camera (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) installed on an Olympus light microscope (Olympus BX51) and attached to a personal computer. Five independent microscopic fields (at x400 magnification), representing the densest tumor infiltration, were selected for each patient sample to ensure representativeness and homogeneity. Each independent microscopic field contained an approximately 80% tumor ratio. The results were expressed as the mean number of cells (± standard error) in 1 computerized x400 microscopic field (9941.38mm2/field). More than 50 tumor cells were selected for the measurement of nuclear length of tumor cells. The results were expressed as the mean diameter of cells (± standard error). The mean density and mean diameter were used for statistical analysis. Results: Twenty-two patients were analyzed. Median age were 48.5 (range 15–81) and 20 of them were male (91%). Seven (32%) patients were Ann Arbor stage I, and 6 (27%), 3 (14%), and 6 (27%) were stage II, III, IV, respectively. Sixteen patients (73%) received combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy whereas 5 patients (23%) received chemotherapy alone and 1 patient received only radiotherapy. Median of the mean EBER-positive tumor cell diameters of the patients were 7.32 mm (range 5.15–11.27). Median of the mean tumor cell counts of the patients were 71.7/field. Patients with larger mean tumor cell diameters (≥ 7.32 mm) had a poorer event-free survival (EFS), which was defined as survival free from failure or death from any cause, than those with smaller (<7.32 mm) mean cell diameters (table 1 and figure 1). Density of tumor cells (≥71.7 vs. < 71.7/field) and IHC to CD56 or CD30 (≥50% vs. < 50% of expression) had no impact on EFS, whereas previously known clinical factors - local tumor invasion, type of therapy, performance status, and splenomegaly - maintained power enough to predict EFS (table 1). Conclusion: Larger EBER-positive tumor cell size had an adverse impact on EFS in patients with nasal ENKTL. Further larger scale study to define the prognostic value of EBV infected tumor cell size is warranted. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Walter, Franz. "Bebel - Ebert - Brandt." Indes 2, no. 2 (June 2013): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/inde.2013.2.2.21.

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47

Fastie, William G. "Ebert Spectrometer Reflections." Physics Today 44, no. 1 (January 1991): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.881290.

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Lee, Nara, Therese A. Yario, Jessica S. Gao, and Joan A. Steitz. "EBV noncoding RNA EBER2 interacts with host RNA-binding proteins to regulate viral gene expression." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 12 (March 7, 2016): 3221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601773113.

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Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) produces a highly abundant noncoding RNA called EBV-encoded RNA 2 (EBER2) that interacts indirectly with the host transcription factor paired box protein 5 (PAX5) to regulate viral latent membrane protein 1/2 (LMP1/2) gene expression as well as EBV lytic replication. To identify intermediary proteins, we isolated EBER2–PAX5-containing complexes and analyzed the protein components by mass spectrometry. The top candidates include three host proteins splicing factor proline and glutamine rich (SFPQ), non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO), and RNA binding motif protein 14 (RBM14), all reported to be components of nuclear bodies called paraspeckles. In vivo RNA–protein crosslinking indicates that SFPQ and RBM14 contact EBER2 directly. Binding studies using recombinant proteins demonstrate that SFPQ and NONO associate with PAX5, potentially bridging its interaction with EBER2. Similar to EBER2 or PAX5 depletion, knockdown of any of the three host RNA-binding proteins results in the up-regulation of viral LMP2A mRNA levels, supporting a physiologically relevant interaction of these newly identified factors with EBER2 and PAX5. Identification of these EBER2-interacting proteins enables the search for cellular noncoding RNAs that regulate host gene expression in a manner similar to EBER2.
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49

Rückert, J. "Friedrich Ebel †." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 124, no. 1 (August 1, 2007): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgga.2007.124.1.935.

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50

Romdhoni, Achmad Chusnu, and Muhammad Noer Shoffi. "Pemeriksaan EBER sebagai identifikasi infeksi virus Epstein-Barr pada karsinoma nasofaring." Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana 47, no. 2 (January 7, 2018): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.32637/orli.v47i2.224.

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Latar belakang: Protein Epstein-Barr Virus Encoded Small RNA (EBER) ditemukan pada sebagian besar jaringan karsinoma nasofaring (KNF). Hal ini merupakan bukti bahwa infeksi virus Epstein-Barr (VEB) menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya KNF. Penurunan ekspresi EBER dipengaruhi oleh maturasi sel dan diferensiasi sel karsinoma. Tujuan: Mengidentifikasi hubungan ekspresi EBER dengan stadium dan jenis histopatologi pada penderita KNF. Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di Unit Rawat Jalan Telinga Hidung Tenggorok - Bedah Kepala Leher Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Doktorr. Soetomo Surabaya mulai bulan November 2015 hingga Oktober 2016 dengan consecutive sampling. Fisher exact test untuk melihat hubungan ekspresi EBER dengan stadium KNF. Hasil: Ekspresi EBER dari seluruh sampel didapati negatif sebanyak 23,33%, positif lemah sebanyak 10%, positif sedang sebanyak 33,33%, dan positif kuat sebanyak sebanyak 33,33%. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik menunjukkan hubungan antara ekspresi EBER dengan stadium KNF didapatkan p=0,623, sedangkan ekspresi EBER dengan jenis histopatologi KNF diketahui p=0,204. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara ekspresi EBER dengan stadium KNF, maupun antara ekspresi EBER dengan jenis histopatologi KNF. Kata kunci: Karsinoma nasofaring, ekspresi EBER, stadium dan jenis histopatologi ABSTRACT Background: Protein of Epstein Barr Virus Encoded Small RNA (EBER) have found in most of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissue which prove that NPC was caused by Epstein Barr Virus Infection (EBV). EBER expression decreased was triggered by maturation and differentiation cell EBER expression in NPC patients. Purpose: To identify association between EBER expression and histopathological type of NPC. Method: This study was an observational analytic with cross-sectional design. This study occured at Inpatients Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery of Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya, November 2015 - October 2016. Samples were collected by consecutive sampling. Statistical analysis was using Fisher’s exact test. Result: The EBER expression from all sample there were 23.33% negative, 10.00% weak positive, 33.33% moderate positive, and 33.33% strong positive. Statistical analysis was obtained p=0.623 and the association between EBER expression with stage of NPC was obtained p=0.204. Conclusion: There was no association between EBER expression and stage NPC, nor histopathological type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Keywords: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, EBER expression, stage and histopathological type
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