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Journal articles on the topic 'Ebers Papyrus'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 24 January 2023

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1

HAAS, L. F. "Papyrus of Ebers and Smith." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 67, no. 5 (November 1, 1999): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.67.5.578.

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2

Loriaux, D. Lynn. "Diabetes and The Ebers Papyrus." Endocrinologist 16, no. 2 (March 2006): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ten.0000202534.83446.69.

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3

Ali, Faisal R., and Alexander E. T. Finlayson. "Pharaonic Trichology: The Ebers Papyrus." JAMA Dermatology 149, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.4240.

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4

Cohen, Sheldon G. "Asthma in Antiquity: The Ebers Papyrus." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 13, no. 3 (May 1, 1992): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/108854192778878746.

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5

Katona, Júlia, Hedvig Győry, and Anna Blázovics. "A weremit kiűzése a hasból. Óegyiptomi recept hatásosságának értelmezése az újabb kutatási eredmények alapján." Orvosi Hetilap 156, no. 50 (December 2015): 2045–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2015.30285.

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Significant percentage of today’s knowledge of ancient Egyptian medicine has been acquired from papyri left behind from various periods of Egyptian history. The longest and the most comprehensive is the Ebers papyrus, kept in the University Museum of Leipzig, which was written more than-one thousand years before Hippocrates (c. 460–377 BC). One of the riddles among the prescriptions of the Ebers papyrus Eb20 has been used in order to remove the so called “wemyt” weremit from the abdomen with the help of a drink, which consists of “jnnk”, Conyza dioscoridis in milk or sweet beer. The authors assume that the disease could be an infection of Schistosoma haematobium and/or Schistosoma mansoni. Nowadays the tea of Conyza dioscoridis is widely used as an important part of the traditional medicine against rheumatism, intestinal distention and cramps as well as an antiperspirant, and for external application to heal the wounds. The authors’ intent is to interpret the efficacy of the above-mentioned ancient prescription with the help of modern medical and pharmaceutical knowledge. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(50), 2045–2051.
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6

Ledermann, François. "Le papyrus Ebers mis en lumière pour l’Unesco." Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie 104, no. 395 (2017): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/pharm.2017.23493.

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7

Grigoriev, Michael Georgievich, and Diana Konstantinovna Avdeeva. "Development of Cardiography: From the Ebers Papyrus to 3D-Mapping." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 10, no. 7 (2017): 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2017.00354.7.

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8

Dobos, Andrea, and Daniel Palkovics. "A parodontális sebészet áttekintő története." Kaleidoscope history 11, no. 22 (2021): 518–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2021.22.518-529.

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The first notes about gingival diseases were made around 1500 B.C. in Papyrus Ebers in Egypt and Mesopotamia. Ever since the importance of the supporting tissue of the teeth is exponentially increasing. Especially in implant dentistry, it is not just a matter of aesthetics but also plays a main role in functionality. The nomenclature and definitions of periodontal surgeries have enormously changed in the past decades. The aim of this article is to review the evolution of periodontal surgical procedures and the capital changes in the nomenclature.
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9

Pommerening, Tanja. "Dokumentation und Information: Therapie — Tabu — Magie: Papyrus Ebers und die Antike Heilkunde." Berichte zur Wissenschafts-Geschichte 25, no. 3 (September 2002): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1522-2365(200209)25:3<228::aid-bewi228>3.0.co;2-y.

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10

Eltaieb, Fatma. "Ancient Egyptian Healers." Evidence-Based Nursing Research 1, no. 1 (April 11, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.47104/ebnrojs3.v1i1.27.

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Medicine in ancient Egypt was trying to restrain all malefic beings from the action and to preserve the well-being of the individual. Thus the initial statement that magic and science were one and only, a sole concept. Papyrus Edwin Smith mentioned diseases and surgery cases, 62 in total, fourteen with known treatments, and 48 without mentioning any treatment, maybe chronical diseases difficult to treat or even unknown diseases. At the same time as Papyrus Edwin Smith was bought in 1872 by Egyptologist George Ebers who gave it his name. It contains 877 medical treatises covering physical, mental and spiritual diseases. Papyrus Hearst Housed at the Bancroft Library, the University of California has eighteen pages, concentrating on the urinary tract treatments, blood, hair and snake and scorpion bites. Written in hieratic, its prescriptions go from a tooth that has fallen out to medicine to treat the lung and even human bites. Pigs and hippopotamus bites also. The nurse in Ancient Egypt could be female or male and was a highly respected medical professional although, as with midwives, there is no evidence of a school or professional training.
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11

Bou Khalil, Rami, and Sami Richa. "When Affective Disorders Were Considered to Emanate From the Heart: The Ebers Papyrus." American Journal of Psychiatry 171, no. 3 (March 2014): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070860.

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12

Jindal, Arpit, and Chandra Shekhar Seth. "Medicinal Plants: The Rising Strategy for Synthesis of Modern Medicine." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 8, no. 01 (March 25, 2022): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v8i01.09.

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The knowledge of the medicinal properties of the plants is rooted back in the cultural transmission of historic traditions, and beliefs of the inhabitants of a given geographical area, and in the ancient texts, literature such as Ebers Papyrus, De Materia Medica. The ethnic communities such as Bhotiya residing in the Byans valley of West Himalaya, India; Chin indigenous group of Myanmar still customize their herbal formulations from different plant parts depending upon the types of disease for disease prevention and treatment. However, with the change in consumer behavior, the pharmaceutical industries are gaining interest in the formulation of modern medicines based upon natural plant extracts, or the isolated bioactive compounds.
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13

Patel, Keval, Samuel Stefan, Syed Naqvi, and Jim S. Khan. "The Surgical Management of Haemorrhoids – A Historical Perspective." Journal of Aziz Fatimah Medical & Dental College 1, no. 2 (November 19, 2019): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.55279/jafmdc.v1i2.57.

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SUMMARYHaemorrhoids have affected people since ancient time. First documented treatment for haemorrhoids reported from the Egyptian papyrus. Indeed, Ebers’ papyrus dated at 1550 BC, described the use of topical astringents to ease haemorrhoidal pain. More recently, the Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy and office procedures such as rubber-band ligation have been developed to improve patients’ symptoms. However, these treatments have accompanying problems, for example the haemorrhoidectomy is known to be a profoundly painful operation and office procedures have high recurrence rates and are only suitable for minor haemorrhoids. The development of stapled haemorrhoidopexy and Transanal Haemorrhoidal Dearterialisation (THD) procedures, present the opportunity to treat all grades of haemorrhoids, with improved post-operative pain, whilst maintaining a low recurrence rate. This article places these more modern techniques in the context of the long history of surgical treatments for haemorrhoids and reviews the latest literature comparing operative haemorrhoidectomy, stapled haemorrhoidopexy and THD. A systematic review was carried out to retrieve articles describing history of surgical management of haemorrhoids and studies comparing three modern treatments for haemorrhoids (Haemorrhoidectomy, Stapled haemorrhoidectomy, and THD) were reported.
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14

Kubicki, Janusz. "The history of greatest anatomical discoveries." Medical Science Pulse 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0003.3191.

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21st century medicine is an empirical and best developing study in each of its fields. Based on the experience and discoveries conducted by researchers throughout its rich history, contemporary medicine relies on pure facts. Hippocrates was the father of human anatomy and medical backgrounds. He described the body fluids, the heart and some other internal organs. One of the most prominent researchers in the field of anatomy was also a Roman physician – Galen. He described the heart anatomy and the cardiovascular system in details. However, the biggest contribution to the heart examination was done by a medical specialist from London – William Harvey. It was him, who discovered the pumping work of the organ, not the sucking one, as it was previously believed. Simultaneously, the examinations on anatomy and physiology of reproductive organs were carried out, which can be found in the Egyptian papyrus from Kahun and the Ebers papyrus. Not only Hippocrates was engaged in the studies, but the greatest ancient obstetrician Soranus of Ephezus, as well. Further anatomical discoveries included the description of the role of oviducts (Fallopian tubes) by Gabrielle Falloppio, the ovarian follicle by Graaf and the bone structure of the pelvis, which was considered to be the most essential during labour (William Smellie, Gustaw Michaelis, Theodor Litzmann).
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15

Dietrich, S. "Earliest historic reference of ’tinnitus’ is controversial." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 118, no. 7 (July 2004): 487–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215041615182.

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Tinnitus, that is defined as ’ringing in the ear’, is and has probably always been a very common phenomenon in the health history of mankind. A variety of pathomechanisms for its onset has been proposed in the past and this trend sees no stopping. Precise pathomechanisms still remain unclear. From the historical point of view, tinnitus is a very interesting topic but there is a lack of scientific enquiries. As its earliest historic reference, the Papyrus Ebers is often cited. By reviewing the original source, however, it is very unlikely that this contains the earliest historic reference of tinnitus. It is rather likely indeed that tinnitus was a known symptom in the ancient Egypt but it has never been exclusively been written down. This article reviews data provided by this fascinating historical period on the questionable reference and highlights the impact of history on the modern status of tinnitus.
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16

Popko, Lutz. "Some Notes on Papyrus Ebers, Ancient Egyptian Treatments of Migraine, and a Crocodile on the Patient's Head." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 92, no. 2 (2018): 352–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2018.0030.

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17

Husain, Sadique, Md Anzar Alam, Nasreen Jahan, Shamim Ahmed, and Heena Kauser S. "Sibr (Aloe vera) and its therapeutic efficacy described in Unani Medicine: A Review." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 3, no. 5 (October 25, 2014): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2014.3514.

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Elva is described in the Unani literature in the name of Sibr which is scattered throughout the world. During 1550 BCE the Ebers Papyrus describe the healing benefits of aloe for both internal and external conditions. Internally used for the cure of digestive system, including Qabz (constipation), Zofe Ishteha (Loss of appetite), Qarhae Medi (peptic ulcers), irritable bowel syndrome, Qaulanj (Colitis) as well as, Zeequn Nafas (asthma), Ziabetus Shakri (diabetes), Sartan (Cancer) and Taqwiyate Manat (enhancement of the immune system), and externally for eczema, dermatitis, sunburn et.. After analysis of literature review of classical text and scientific papers, it is shown some remarkable pharmacological activities such as Mushil (purgative), Mulayyin (Laxative), Dafe Iltehab (anti-inflammatory), Dafe Ziabetus (Hypoglycemic), Dafe Sartan (anticancer), Taqwiyate Qalb (Cardioprotective), Mundamile Qurooh (Anti-ulcer), anti-aging effect, antiviral, antioxidant, antiseptic and moisturizing. This review is an endeavor to emphasize the various traditional uses as well as pharmacological information on Elva.
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18

Győry, Hedvig. "The use of cattle for curing the "torso / belly" (Xt) according to the Ebers papyrus, in ancient Egypt." Kaleidoscope history 4, no. 6 (2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2013.6.1-16.

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19

Dieleman, Jacco. "Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert ed., Papyrus Ebers und die antike Heilkunde. Philippika. Marburger altertumskundliche Abhandlungen 7. Harrassowitz Verlag. Wiesbaden 2005." Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 10, no. 1 (2010): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921210x500558.

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20

Mittapally, Sirisha, Ruheena Taranum, and Sumaiya Parveen. "Metal ions as antibacterial agents." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6-s (December 15, 2018): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6-s.2063.

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Metals like mercury, arsenic, copper and silver have been used in various forms as antimicrobials for thousands of years. The use of metals in treatment was mentioned in Ebers Papyrus (1500BC); i.e, copper to decrease inflammation & iron to overcome anemia. Copper has been registered at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as the earliest solid antimicrobial material. Copper is used for the treatment of different E. coli, MRSA, Pseudomonas infections. Advantage of use of silver is it has low toxicity to human’s cells than bacteria.It is less susceptible to gram +ve bacteria than gram –bacteria due to its thicker cell wall. Zinc is found to be active against Streptococcus pneumonia, Campylobacter jejuni. Silver & zinc act against vibrio cholera & enterotoxic E. coli. The use of metals as antibacterial got reduce with discovery of antibiotics in twentieth century, immediately after that antibiotic resistance was seen due to transfer of antibiotic resistance genes by plasmids also known as Resistance Transfer Factors or R-factors. Metal complexes are used to show synergistic activity against bacteria’s like copper & chlorhexidine on dental plaque bacteria, silver nanoparticles & cephalexin against E. coli & S. aureus. Keywords: Metals, Oligodynamic effect, Copper, Silver
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21

Vaidya, Hitesh B., Abeer A. Ahmed, Ramesh K. Goyal, and Sukhinder K. Cheema. "Glycogen Phosphorylase-a is a Common Target for Anti-Diabetic Effect of Iridoid and Secoiridoid Glycosides." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, no. 4 (September 16, 2013): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3fs4f.

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Purpose. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action or both. The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diabetes mellitus dates back from the Ebers papyrus of about 1550 B.C. One of the major problems with herbal drugs is that the active ingredients are not well defined. It is important to know the active components and their molecular interactions which will help to analyze their therapeutic efficacy and also to standardize the product. There are a number of medicinal plants known for their anti-diabetic effect that possess similarities in their active chemical components, e.g. iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides. Methods. In this study, we have compared the structure of various iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides to design a novel pharmacophore. We further developed a structure-activity relationship for the inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase-a. Conclusion. By using docking studies, we are proposing, for the first time, that inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase-a activity is a common target for iridoids and secoiridoids to elicit anti-diabetic effects. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
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22

Mudry, Albert. "Further arguments against both the first description of cholesteatoma by Hippocrates, and the allusion to the tympanic membrane in the Ebers Papyrus." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 277, no. 11 (June 23, 2020): 3237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06153-x.

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23

Franke, Heike, Reinhold Scholl, and Achim Aigner. "Ricin and Ricinus communis in pharmacology and toxicology-from ancient use and “Papyrus Ebers” to modern perspectives and “poisonous plant of the year 2018”." Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 392, no. 10 (July 29, 2019): 1181–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00210-019-01691-6.

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24

Pommerening, Tanja. "Rezension: Papyrus Ebers und die antike Heilkunde. Akten der Tagung vom 15.–16.3.2002 in der Albertina/UB der Universität Leipzig von Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert." Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 29, no. 1 (March 2006): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bewi.200690009.

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25

Nagy, Imre. "Az érsérülések ellátásának fejlődése napjainkig." Orvosi Hetilap 160, no. 28 (July 2019): 1112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2019.31463.

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Abstract: The healing of vascular injuries goes hand in hand with the healing of scars, which means we can search for various methods from centuries ago. The different ages, with or without wars, showed and show a huge variety of injuries, up until this day. The healers have always tried their best to come up with the best possible methods taking care of the injured body parts, and help the patients survive. This article is aiming to show the main changes in vascular healing, in an enjoyable and colourful way. While focusing on the past few decades of quality development and having a look at Hungarian literature, the reader shall learn that Hungarian vascular surgery and traumatology is on a very high level and is keeping up with the international stage, as using modern techniques. The treatment of vascular injuries has been around for thousands of years. The Ebers Papyrus gave a professional guidance in the treatment of wounds. Hippocrates recommended compressing dressing. Later on, Ambroise Paré performed ligatures. War injuries serve with numerous experiences. In the begining of the 20th century, autolog veins are used more and more often. The amputation rate of DeBakey is 49%, of Hughes is 7–22%, and of Rich is 12.7%. Thanks to surgical technique, antibiotics and the use of transfusion, the rate of amputation has been decreasing. The wars of Iraq and Afganistan – between 2003 and 2011 – left the injured with more serious explosive and gunshot wounds than ever before. The challanges of nowadays are the injuries caused by accidents and violent acts. Also, endovascular interventions are widespread. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(28): 1112–1119.
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26

Janick, Jules. "Herbals: The Connection Between Horticulture and Medicine." HortTechnology 13, no. 2 (January 2003): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.2.0229.

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The prehistoric discovery that certain plants cause harm and others have curative powers is the origin of the healing professions and its practitioners (priest, physician, and apothecary), as well as professions devoted to plants (botany and horticulture). The description of plants and their properties and virtues (termed herbals in the 16th century) became an invaluable resource for the physician and apothecary. The earliest medicobotanical treatises date to antiquity. A Sumerian tablet from about 2100 bce (before current era) contains a dozen prescriptions and proscribes plant sources. In China, the Pen T'Sao Ching, assumed to be authored by the legendary Emperor Shen Nung in 2700 bce, but probably written in the first century, contains about 100 herbal remedies. The Ebers Papyrus, a medical treatise from ancient Egypt dates to 1550 bce but contains material from 5-20 centuries earlier. In Greece, the great botanical treatise Enquiry into Plants of Theophrastus, devotes book IX to the medicinal value of herbs. The herbal De Materia Medica by Pedanios Dioscorides of Anazarba, a Roman army physician, written in the year 65, the most famous ever written, was slavishly referred to, copied, and commented on for 1500 years. The great epoch of printed herbals appeared in the 16th century of which the most notable are Das Buch zu Distillieren (1500) by Hieronymus Brunschwig; Herbarum Vivae Eicones (1530, 1532, 1536) by Otto Brunfel; Kreüter Buch (1542) by Hieronymus Bock; De Historias Stirpium (1542) of Leonhart Fuchs; New Herball (1551, 1562, 1568) by William Turner; Commentarii “on Dioscorides” (1544) by Pier Andrea Mattioli; Crôÿdeboeck (1554) by Rembert Dodoens; and the Herball (1597) by John Gerard. Botany and medicine were essentially in step until the 17th century when both arts turned scientific and, at this juncture, botanical works would essentially ignore medicinal uses while medical works were devoid of plant lore. Yet, the medicinal use of herbs continues as an alternate form of medicine and remains popular in various forms to the present day despite the questionable efficacy of many popular herbs and the reliance of many herbal recommendations on superstition and astrology. The fact that most drugs were originally plant-based has encouraged a new look at the medicinal properties of plants.
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27

Okasha, A. "Focus on psychiatry in Egypt." British Journal of Psychiatry 185, no. 3 (September 2004): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.185.3.266.

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Mental disorders have been recognised in Egypt for millennia; 5000 years ago, they were considered to be physical ailments of the heart or uterus, as described in the Ebers and Kahun papyri (Okasha, 2001). These disorders carried no stigma, as there was no demarcation then between psyche and soma. In the 14th century – 600 years before similar institutions were founded in Europe – the first psychiatric unit was established, in Kalaoon Hospital in Cairo.
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28

Mishra, Mayank, Puspendra Singh, and Alok Tripathi. "Clinical, radiological and pathological evaluation of residual disease in women receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advance carcinoma breast." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20180346.

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Background: Egyptians were first to note this disease, 3,500 years ago and described fairly accurately in George Ebers papyri. This disease occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get it, too. Breast cancer is most common among women worldwide. In India, its second after cancer cervix. Its incidence outranks all other cancers in women >35 years of age. Age adjusted incidence rates vary from 9.7- 28.2/100,000. The treatment of locally advanced breast cancer has considerably changed and now includes a multidisciplinary approach, which is directed both to locoregional control and destruction of distant micro-metastasis. Neoadjuvant therapy causes a reduction in size of primary tumor allowing more conservative surgical approach without any increase in locoregional recurrence rate. Limitations of clinical methods for assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy have now incorporated by imaging and pathological method.Methods: In present study author assess LABC clinically, radiologically and pathologically by mammography USG, FNAC and histopathologic examination, pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy and evaluate response to chemotherapy, reduction of tumor volume and prior assessment of the patient’s prognosis.Results: Present study shown USG is more accurate in assessing residual disease in post neoadjuvant chemotherapy in defining the real extent of residual disease and also superior in term of detecting complete pathological response.Conclusions: A multimodal assessment of response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is needed to direct optimal surgical treatment with acceptable cosmesis.
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29

Mudry, Albert, and John Riddington Young. "A Critical Evaluation of “The Ear that Hears Badly” in the Ebers Papyrus." Otology & Neurotology Publish Ahead of Print (June 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mao.0000000000003199.

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30

Reddy, Kandula Ravindra, and Ramam Sripada. "Treatment and Management of Nocturnal Enuresis: A Review." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, no. 5 (May 25, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpcr.v9i5.8597.

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Nocturnal Enuresis (NE) is the involuntary passing of urine whileasleep after the age at which bladder control would normally be prevised. NE has hassled humans for hundreds of years. It has been recognized since the time of Papyrus Ebers, 1550 B.C. Various potions were prepared by using different plants, animals or organs in some of the early treatment modalities. A number of medications have been used to treat nocturnal enuresis where, Imipramine and Desmopressin acetate were found to be efficacious. Besides, some credit has also been given to Oxybutynin. Because of the high relapse rates recited after short-term therapy with pharmacotherapeutic agents, pharmacological treatment for NE is best considered as management therapy rather than a cure. In this review article, we have mainly focused on the treatment and management of nocturnal enuresis by reviewing various treatment modalities along with behavioural modifications, bladder retention training, hypnotherapy, psychotherapy and combination therapy.
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31

Gregory, A. L., A. Agarwal, and J. Lasenby. "An experimental investigation to model wheezing in lungs." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 2 (February 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201951.

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A quarter of the world's population experience wheezing. These sounds have been used for diagnosis since the time of the Ebers Papyrus ( ca 1500 BC). We know that wheezing is a result of the oscillations of the airways that make up the lung. However, the physical mechanisms for the onset of wheezing remain poorly understood, and we do not have a quantitative model to predict when wheezing occurs. We address these issues in this paper. We model the airways of the lungs by a modified Starling resistor in which airflow is driven through thin, stretched elastic tubes. By completing systematic experiments, we find a generalized ‘tube law’ that describes how the cross-sectional area of the tubes change in response to the transmural pressure difference across them. We find the necessary conditions for the onset of oscillations that represent wheezing and propose a flutter-like instability model for it about a heavily deformed state of the tube. Our findings allow for a predictive tool for wheezing in lungs, which could lead to better diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases.
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Ghosh, Shantonu Kumar, Abdullah Al Mamun, and Alpana Majumder. "Clinical Presentation of Varicose Veins." Indian Journal of Surgery, May 25, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12262-021-02946-4.

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AbstractVaricose vein is one type of venous insufficiency that presents with any dilated, elongated, or tortuous veins caused by permanent loss of its valvular efficiency. Destruction of venous valves in the axial veins results in venous hypertension, reflux, and total dilatation, causing varicosities and transudation of fluid into subcutaneous tissue. The first documented reference of varicose veins was found as illustrations on Ebers Papyrus dated 1550 B.C. in Athens. Evidence of surgical intervention was found in the 1860s. However dramatic advances of varicose vein management occurred in the latter half of twentieth century. Varicose veins affect from 40 to 60% of women and 15 to 30% men. Multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors including age, gender, pregnancy, weight, height, race, diet, bowel habits, occupation, posture, previous DVT, genetics, and climate are considered to be the predisposing factors for formation of varicose vein. Other reported factors are hereditary, standing occupation, chair sitting, tight underclothes, raised toilet seats, lack of exercise, smoking, and oral contraceptives. Common symptoms are unsightly visible veins, pain, aching, swelling, itching, skin changes, ulceration, thrombophlebitis, and bleeding. The signs of varicose vein disease are edema, varicose eczema or thrombophlebitis, ulcers (typically found over the medial malleolus), hemosiderin skin staining, lipodermatosclerosis (tapering of legs above ankles, an “inverted champagne bottle” appearance), and atrophie blanche. Varicose vein is classified according to CEAP classification, the components of which are clinical, etiological, anatomy, and pathophysiology. The revised CEAP classification was published on 2020 based on four principles which were preservation of the reproducibility of CEAP, compatibility with prior versions, evidence-based medicine, and practicality.
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33

Andermann, Anne. "Physicians, Fads, and Pharmaceuticals: A History of Aspirin." McGill Journal of Medicine 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/mjm.v2i2.562.

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Aspirin is a product of the late-nineteenth-century laboratory, pharmaceutical industry, and medical community. The prevailing scientific techniques, industrial approaches, and medical beliefs were instrumental in the development, promotion and reception of the drug. As a result, the present account does not extend further back than a few decades prior to the release of aspirin from the laboratories of Farbenfabriken vormals Friedrich Bayer & Co. in 1899. In contrast, much of the current literature on aspirin (2,3,4) attempts to trace the compound back to antiquity through the Ebers papyrus, the Hippocratic writings, and the works of Galen. Such histories tell a simple, linear tale of the numerous "discoveries" proposed to have led to the use of certain salicylate-containing plants, such as willow bark and wintergreen, or salicylate-related compounds, including salicilin and salicylic acid, as cures for a variety of ailments. Indeed, according to Mann and Plummer: Both [salicilin and salicylic acid] attacked fever and pain, and their partisans advocated the salicylates' use as antiseptics, mouthwashes, and water preservatives for ocean voyages; one important chemist further suggested (erroneously) that sodium salicylate, a chemical relative, would successfully treat scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles, syphilis, cholera, rabies and anthrax (5). However, it is difficult to establish what effect, if any, these examples of the "historical" uses of "proto-aspirin" had on the impetus for and modes of developing and using the actual drug called aspirin. As a matter of course, aspirin is usually described as the natural descendant from these salicylate forefathers. However, the history of aspirin is not as straightforward a tale as conventional histories suggest, but rather is a complex narrative of the people and circumstances involved in transforming a simple chemical compound into a popular pharmaceutical product that has remained one of the most widely consumed drugs for almost a century.
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34

"SHORTTERM FOLLOW UP OF EVLA: COMPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENTS, A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE OF BANGLADESH." American Journal of Surgical Research and Reviews, 2020, 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.28933/ajsrr-2020-11-2305.

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Dodd and Cockett defined varicose veins, saying “a varicose vein is one which has permanently lost its valvular efficiency.” [1] Varicose veins constitute a progressive disease, remission of the disease does not occur, except after pregnancy and delivery. [2] The first documented reference of varicose veins was found as illustrations on Ebers Papyrus dated 1550 B.C. in Athens. [3]Greek philosopher Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.) described the use of compressive bandages and was advisor of small punctures in varicose veins. First patient who underwent operation for his varicose vein appears to be Canus Marius, the Roman tyrant. Giovanni Rima (1777-1843) introduced mid thigh ligation of the saphenous vein. Ligation of the sapheno-femoral junction as it is practiced today was first described by John Homans in his paper in 1916. [2] The Mayo Brothers, postulating that there would be additional benefit in removing the saphenous vein, pursued excision of the GSV through an incision extending from the groin to below the knee. The final technologic leap was introduction of the intraluminal stripper by Babcock. [2] In the era of minimally invasive surgery, the first documented case of Endovenous Laser Ablasion was published in 1999 using 810 nm Diode Laser. Since then several wavelengths were introduced; 810, 940, 980, 1064, 1320, 1470 and newly introduced 1940 nm. [4, 5] It is generally agreed that varicose veins affect from 40 to 60% of women and 15 to 30% men. [6] During the 1930s to 1960s, several large studies reported the prevalence of varicose veins to roughly average 2% in the general population. [7] However, more recently, large population studies such as Edinburgh Vein Study demonstrated an age-adjusted prevalence of truncal varices of 40% in men and 32% in women. [8] Vein ablation is the most modern treatment option for superficial venous disease. Several endovenous modalities are getting popular for the treatment of varicose vein. Endovenous laser ablation therapy is the first endovenous procedure that had made the revolution in the treatment of varicose vein. [9] In Bangladesh, Laser ablation was first started at another center with 980 nm bare fiber and a good number of cases were done. We introduced ELVeSᴿ Radialᴿ fiber for the first time in the country using biolitecᴿ LEONARDOᴿ Mini 1470 nm during last week of March, 2018.
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35

Risniati, Yenni, Annisa Rizky Afrilia, Tri Wahyuni Lestari, Nurhayati Nurhayati, and Hadi Siswoyo. "Pelayanan Kesehatan Tradisional Bekam: Kajian Mekanisme, Keamanan dan Manfaat." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan, August 3, 2020, 212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/jpppk.v3i3.2658.

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Abstrak Terapi bekam merupakan salah satu terapi kesehatan tertua di dunia. Hal ini dibuktikan, bekam sudah ada di dalam catatan kedokteran tertua Papyrus Ebers, yang ditulis 1550 SM pada era Mesir kuno. Terapi bekam sendiri terbagi menjadi dua jenis, yakni bekam basah dan bekam kering. Yang membedakan antara bekam basah dan bekam kering adalah keberadaan darah yang dikeluarkan. Kajian (review) ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mekanisme, keamanan, dan juga manfaat bekam. Dari beberapa artikel penelitian yang telah didapatkan, umumnya dengan pemanfaatan bekam mendapatkan hasil yang baik. Sementara jumlah penelitian pemanfaatan bekam masih sedikit, sehingga masih diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mendapatkan bukti yang lebih baik dan meyakinkan. Di Indonesia, pelayanan kesehatan tradisional bekam diatur dalam PMK 61 tahun 2016 tentang Pelayanan Kesehatan Tradisional Empiris. Secara regulasi pelayanan tradisional bekam tidak direkomendasikan karena termasuk ke dalam tindakan dengan perlukaan. Padahal, kenyataannya pelayanan tradisional bekam ini ada dan diminati oleh masyarakat. Melihat khasiat dan antusias masyarakat, diharapkan pelayanan tradisional bekam tetap dapat dilakukan di Griya Sehat dengan menjadikan faktor keamanan sebagai fokus utama dalam pelayanan. Hal ini tentunya dapat didukung dengan adanya pembinaan secara menyeluruh mengenai keamanan pelayanan kesehatan tradisional bekam terhadap para praktisi bekam. Kata kunci: bekam, kesehatan tradisional, penyehat tradisional, manfaat terapi bekam Abstract Cupping therapy is one of the oldest health therapies in the world. This was proven by an ancient Egypt paper in 1550 SM as cupping was mentioned in their medical journal. Cupping therapy has been classified into two categories, which were wet and dry cupping. The difference between wet and dry cupping is the presence or absence of blood being released. This literature review aims to find out the history, development, and also the use of cupping. From some research articles that have been obtained, we generally get good results from the use of the cupping method. However, because research on cupping utilization is still limited, further research is needed to obtain better and more convincing evidence. Regulation of traditional cupping service is not recommended because it is an invasive action, when in fact this traditional cupping service exists and is in demand by the community. Seeing the efficacy and enthusiasm of the community, it is hoped that traditional cupping services can still be carried out in a griya sehat with regard to efficacy. Of course, can be supported by the existence of comprehensive guidance on the efficacy of traditional cupping health services for cupping practitioners. Keywords: traditional health service, cupping, safety, benefits
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36

Güemes, Luciana Acosta, and Ana María Cusumano. "Ophthalmology in Ancient Egypt." Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, November 21, 2022, 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2022/v35i4763.

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The civilization of Ancient Egypt is the one that has the most references regarding the work of ophthalmologists, compared to the rest of the ancient civilizations. There are complete anatomical and treatment descriptions. Pepi Ankh Or Iri, who lived between 2270 and 2210 BC, is recognized as the first documented ophthalmologist in history. Ophthalmological cures were carried out with prayers, incantations, astrology for prognosis, amulets and pharmacotherapy with eye drops and ointments. Details of ophthalmologic surgery are unknown. The Edwin Smith (1600 BC), Ebers (1550 BC), Hearst (1550 BC) and London (1300 BC) medical papyri include ophthalmological pathologies. Ophthalmological medical assistance was in charge of lay doctors or swnw, priests and magicians, who worked together, since they believed that the origin of diseases was the result of external agents, as well as supernatural causes. The importance of this historical review article lies in pointing out some of the avant-garde aspects of the ancient Egyptian civilization with respect to ophthalmology and its practice, and the coexistence in their society of a rational medical practice together with a magical-religious approach.
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