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Relevant bibliographies by topics / EBI2

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Academic literature on the topic 'EBI2'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "EBI2"

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Velasco-Estevez, Maria, Nina Koch, Ilona Klejbor, Stephane Laurent, Kumlesh K. Dev, Andrzej Szutowicz, Andreas W. Sailer, and Aleksandra Rutkowska. "EBI2 Is Temporarily Upregulated in MO3.13 Oligodendrocytes during Maturation and Regulates Remyelination in the Organotypic Cerebellar Slice Model." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 4342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094342.

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The EBI2 receptor regulates the immune system and is expressed in various immune cells including B and T lymphocytes. It is also expressed in astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) where it regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine release, cell migration and protects from chemically induced demyelination. Its signaling and expression are implicated in various diseases including multiple sclerosis, where its expression is increased in infiltrating immune cells in the white matter lesions. Here, for the first time, the EBI2 protein in the CNS cells in the human brain was examined. The function of the receptor in MO3.13 oligodendrocytes, as well as its role in remyelination in organotypic cerebellar slices, were investigated. Human brain sections were co-stained for EBI2 receptor and various markers of CNS-specific cells and the human oligodendrocyte cell line MO3.13 was used to investigate changes in EBI2 expression and cellular migration. Organotypic cerebellar slices prepared from wild-type and cholesterol 25-hydroxylase knock-out mice were used to study remyelination following lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced demyelination. The data showed that EBI2 receptor is present in OPCs but not in myelinating oligodendrocytes in the human brain and that EBI2 expression is temporarily upregulated in maturing MO3.13 oligodendrocytes. Moreover, we show that migration of MO3.13 cells is directly regulated by EBI2 and that its signaling is necessary for remyelination in cerebellar slices post-LPC-induced demyelination. The work reported here provides new information on the expression and role of EBI2 in oligodendrocytes and myelination and provides new tools for modulation of oligodendrocyte biology and therapeutic approaches for demyelinating diseases.

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Nevius, Erin, Flavia Pinho, Meera Dhodapkar, Huiyan Jin, Kristina Nadrah, Mark C. Horowitz, Junichi Kikuta, Masaru Ishii, and João P. Pereira. "Oxysterols and EBI2 promote osteoclast precursor migration to bone surfaces and regulate bone mass homeostasis." Journal of Experimental Medicine 212, no. 11 (October 5, 2015): 1931–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20150088.

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Bone surfaces attract hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells, such as osteoclasts (OCs) and osteoblasts (OBs), and are targeted by bone metastatic cancers. However, the mechanisms guiding cells toward bone surfaces are essentially unknown. Here, we show that the Gαi protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) EBI2 is expressed in mouse monocyte/OC precursors (OCPs) and its oxysterol ligand 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC) is secreted abundantly by OBs. Using in vitro time-lapse microscopy and intravital two-photon microscopy, we show that EBI2 enhances the development of large OCs by promoting OCP motility, thus facilitating cell–cell interactions and fusion in vitro and in vivo. EBI2 is also necessary and sufficient for guiding OCPs toward bone surfaces. Interestingly, OCPs also secrete 7α,25-OHC, which promotes autocrine EBI2 signaling and reduces OCP migration toward bone surfaces in vivo. Defective EBI2 signaling led to increased bone mass in male mice and protected female mice from age- and estrogen deficiency–induced osteoporosis. This study identifies a novel pathway involved in OCP homing to the bone surface that may have significant therapeutic potential.

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Rosenkilde, Mette M., Tau Benned-Jensen, Helene Andersen, Peter J. Holst, Thomas N. Kledal, Hans R. Lüttichau, Jørgen K. Larsen, Jan P. Christensen, and Thue W. Schwartz. "Molecular Pharmacological Phenotyping of EBI2." Journal of Biological Chemistry 281, no. 19 (March 15, 2006): 13199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m602245200.

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Cain, Chris. "EBI2: the race is on." Science-Business eXchange 4, no. 32 (August 2011): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scibx.2011.895.

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Liu, Changlu, Xia V. Yang, Jiejun Wu, Chester Kuei, Neelakandha S. Mani, Li Zhang, Jingxue Yu, et al. "Oxysterols direct B-cell migration through EBI2." Nature 475, no. 7357 (July 2011): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10226.

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Hannedouche, Sébastien, Juan Zhang, Tangsheng Yi, Weijun Shen, Deborah Nguyen, João P. Pereira, Danilo Guerini, et al. "Oxysterols direct immune cell migration via EBI2." Nature 475, no. 7357 (July 2011): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10280.

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Kurschus, Florian C., and Florian Wanke. "EBI2 – Sensor for dihydroxycholesterol gradients in neuroinflammation." Biochimie 153 (October 2018): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2018.04.014.

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Kerr, Jonathan. "Early Growth Response Gene Upregulation in Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV)-Associated Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)." Biomolecules 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2020): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10111484.

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Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic multisystem disease exhibiting a variety of symptoms and affecting multiple systems. Psychological stress and virus infection are important. Virus infection may trigger the onset, and psychological stress may reactivate latent viruses, for example, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). It has recently been reported that EBV induced gene 2 (EBI2) was upregulated in blood in a subset of ME/CFS patients. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the pattern of expression of early growth response (EGR) genes, important in EBV infection and which have also been found to be upregulated in blood of ME/CFS patients, paralleled that of EBI2. EGR gene upregulation was found to be closely associated with that of EBI2 in ME/CFS, providing further evidence in support of ongoing EBV reactivation in a subset of ME/CFS patients. EGR1, EGR2, and EGR3 are part of the cellular immediate early gene response and are important in EBV transcription, reactivation, and B lymphocyte transformation. EGR1 is a regulator of immune function, and is important in vascular homeostasis, psychological stress, connective tissue disease, mitochondrial function, all of which are relevant to ME/CFS. EGR2 and EGR3 are negative regulators of T lymphocytes and are important in systemic autoimmunity.

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Brink, Robert. "EBI2 unlocks the door to the Tfh cell nursery." Immunology & Cell Biology 94, no. 7 (June 14, 2016): 621–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/icb.2016.52.

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Rutkowska, Aleksandra, Inga Preuss, Francois Gessier, Andreas W. Sailer, and Kumlesh K. Dev. "EBI2 regulates intracellular signaling and migration in human astrocyte." Glia 63, no. 2 (October 9, 2014): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.22757.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "EBI2"

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Copperi, Francesca [Verfasser]. "EBI2 is a negative modulator of adipose tissue activity / Francesca Copperi." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1240761333/34.

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Wanke, Florian [Verfasser]. "The role of EBI2 for encephalitogenic TH17 cells in EAE and in MS / Florian Wanke." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1148689206/34.

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Cornaby, Caleb. "Influence of Epstein-Barr Virus on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Development and the Role of Depression on Disease Progression." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6592.

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease affecting 20 to 250 individuals per 100,000 worldwide. Symptomology includes dermatological manifestations such as discoid lesions, acute cutaneous rashes, and oral and nasal ulcers, along with musculoskeletal, pulmonary, and renal complications. Abnormal T and B lymphocyte function and apoptosis, immune complex clearance, complement function, and nucleosome processing are typical of disease pathophysiology. SLE is the result of both environmental and genetic factors, which together create the conditions leading to disease onset and progression. Of these environmental factors, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is known to cause the genesis of cross-reactive antibodies in SLE prone individuals that can initiate disease activity. Viral infection and modulation of cellular genes is important in understanding the microenvironment that could lead to immune mis-regulation and the inception of lupus in those individuals at risk. During disease development, a variety of variables assist and detract from disease progression and the quality of life experienced by SLE patients. Research into EBV-infected naïve B lymphocytes revealed that EBV modulates the chemotactic receptor EBI2 during viral infection via the BRRF1 viral gene product Na. This likely changes B lymphocyte chemotaxis in secondary tissue in virally infected B cells. Current literature suggests this results in sequestration of cells to peripheral areas of the tissue and mis-regulation of the immune response. It is not uncommon for SLE patients to have neuropsychiatric disorders due to lupus disease activity. With SLE patients being up to 6 times more at risk for depression, recognition and treatment of depression and anxiety have been shown to improve quality of life, pain, and treatment outcomes. Two studies investigate both clinical laboratory and psychosocial assessment variables that we suspect to be correlated with depression in patients with SLE. Univariate and multivariate analysis from our first study identified an array of variables that show strong associations with depression, including: Body Mass Index, Pain, Total Complement, fatigue assessments, and SF-36 scores. The second study found similar associations, but further found that serum IL-10 levels demonstrated a strong correlation with depression in SLE patients. In this final study SLE patients are compared alongside healthy, clinically depressed, and rheumatoid arthritis patients to provide evidence that increased depression in SLE patients is due more to disease pathology than a result of chronic inflammation.

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Guigues, Adeline. "Interactions entre CCR5 et trois récepteurs couplés aux protéines G : EBI2, A2A et S1P1 : effets sur l'infection par le VIH-1, mécanismes d'action et perspectives thérapeutiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT048/document.

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Mon laboratoire d’accueil avait montré que la densité de CCR5 à la surface des cellules cibles du VIH détermine très fortement leur infectabilité par les souches virales R5, et que les signaux d’activation cellulaire induits par la fixation virale et transitant par CCR5 favorisent une infection productive des cellules primaires. L’hypothèse de notre travail était que d’autres récepteurs couplés aux protéines G (RCPG) exprimés dans les lymphocytes T CD4+ CCR5+ pourraient également influer sur le cycle de réplication des virus R5. Pour tester cette hypothèse, les RCPGs co-exprimés avec CCR5 dans les cellules T CD4+ ont été identifiés, puis la capacité des plus exprimés d’entre eux à s’hétérodimériser avec CCR5 et à perturber l’infection par le VIH a été déterminée. Au cours de cette thèse, j’ai initié l’étude de deux de ces récepteurs, EBI2 et A2A, et j'ai participé à l’étude d’un troisième, S1P1.J’ai montré que la présence d’EBI2 ou d’A2A qui chacun s’hétérodimérise avec CCR5, augmente la production virale dans des cellules HOS ou MT4, comme c’est le cas pour S1P1. Étudiant les changements au niveau des étapes du cycle viral provoqués par l’expression ou la stimulation de ces RCPGS, j’ai mis en évidence que le principal effet est une augmentation de la transcription virale. De plus, nous avons montré que la signalisation via S1P1 active le facteur de transcription NFKB et par là le promoteur du VIH. De plus, la stimulation de ce récepteur dans un modèle de cellules infectées de façon latente permet la réactivation du virus. Ce résultat ouvre la possibilité de tester la capacité d’agonistes de S1P1 à éliminer les cellules servant de réservoir chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH
It was shown in the laboratory that CCR5 density at the surface of primary CD4+ T cells strongly determines their R5 HIV-1 productive infectability. This is due to the fact that viral envelope - CCR5 interaction triggers signals that boost the viral life cycle. Our working hypothesis was that other G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) co-expressed with CCR5 might also modulate HIV replicative cycle. To test this hypothesis, the GPCR coexpressed with CCR5 in CD4+ T cells have been identified, and the ability of the most highly expressed of them to dimerize with CCR5 and to interfere with the infection has been determined. During this thesis, I have initiated the study of two of these GPCR, EBI2 and A2A, and participated in the study of another one, S1P1.I have shown that the presence of EBI2 or A2A that each heterodimerize with CCR5, boosts the viral production in HOS and MT4 cells, similarly to S1P1. Analyzing the stages of HIV life cycle modified by the expression and triggering of these GPCR, I unveiled that the major effect was an increase in HIV genome transcription. Furthermore, we have shown that S1P1 signaling activates the transcription factor NFKB and thereby the HIV promoter. Moreover, triggering S1P1 in an in vitro model of HIV reservoir cells results in the reversion of the viral latency. These findings suggest that S1P1 agonists might be used as latency reversing agents to purge the HIV reservoir

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Mertzig, Robert. "Modelling and design of high compression electron guns for EBIS/T charge breeders." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-216252.

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In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Optimierung des REXEBIS-Ladungsbrüters an der ISOLDE präsentiert. Die REXEBIS in der aktuellen Konfiguration erzeugt eine Elektronenstromdichte in der Fallenregion bei 2 T von 200A/cm² und wird bis zu ihren physikalischen Grenzen optimiert. Um diese Begrenzung zu überwinden wurde eine neue Elektronenkanone, die HEC²-Elektronenkanone, in Kooperation mit BNL konstruiert und an der TestEBIS in Betrieb genommen. Diese Elektronenkanone verspricht eine Elektronenstromdichte von mehr als 10 kA/cm² bei 5T, welche die Ladungsbrütungszeit entscheidend verkürzt. In dieser Dissertation werden neuartige Simulationstechniken vorgestellt, welche die Inbetriebnahme durch Untersuchung der Mechaniken von auftretenden Verlustströmen beschreiben. Dazu wird der Elektronenkollektor der TestEBIS nach Kompatibilität bezüglich der HEC²-Elektronenkanone, die nahe derer Designwerte betrieben wird, evaluiert. Die gewonnenen Erfahrungen von der Inbetriebnahme der HEC²-Elektronenkanone und den etablierten, numerischen Techniken führen zur Entwicklung einer kleineren hochkomprimierenden Elektronenkanone für medizinische Anwedungen, die MEDeGUN. Diese Elektronenkanone sollte einen qualitativ hochwertigen Elektronenstrahl generieren, welcher eine Elektronenstromdichte von 7.5 kA/cm² in der Fallenregion bei 5 T axialen Magnetfeld erzeugt. Eine EBIS/T, ausgestattet mit einer MEDeGUN, wird bezüglich Pulsfrequenz und bereitgestellten Ionenstrom zu Hochfrequenz-Therapiezentren der zweiten Generation kompatibel sein
In this thesis the optimization of the REXEBIS charge breeder at the ISOLDE facility is presented. REXEBIS in its current state provides a current density of 200A/cm² inside the trapping region at 2 T and will be optimized to the physical limit of its design. To overcome this limit a new electron gun, the HEC² gun, was designed in collaboration with the BNL and is in commission at TestEBIS. This electron gun promises a current density of >10 kA/cm², which decreases the charge breeding time significantly. This thesis presents novel simulation techniques supporting the commissioning phase by explaining the sources of occurring loss current and, in addition, evaluate the currently installed collector for compatibility with the HEC² gun operating at its design limit. The experience gained from the commission of the HEC2 gun and the established numerical techniques lead to the development of a smaller high-compression electron gun for medical purposes, the MEDeGUN. This electron gun should provide a high-quality beam, which generates a calculated current density of 7.5 kA/cm² inside the trapping region immersed in a 5 T axial magnetic field. An EBIS/T equipped with a MEDeGUN will be compatible regarding the pulse frequency and deliver the mandatory ion current required for second generation therapy centers

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Lenoir, Zink Evelyne. "Faisceaux primaires d'une source EBIS." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066164.

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Davidová, Lenka. "Diagnostika polovodičových materiálů metodou EBIC." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319289.

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Master´s thesis is focused on diagnostics of semiconductor materials by EBIC method (measuring of currents induced beam), determination of the lifetime of minority carriers, or their diffusion length. The theoretical part is aimed at the principle of scanning electron microscopy, the characteristic properties of the microscope and the signals generated by the interaction of the primary electron beam with the sample. The thesis describes a structure of semiconducting silicon, band models, types of lattice defects and doped of semiconductor structures. After that it is described the theory of calculation of the diffusion length of minority carriers in semiconductors of type N and P. The aim of the experiment part of the thesis is to measure the properties of the semiconductor structure by EBIC and determination of diffusion length and lifetime of minority charge carriers based on the measured data The aim of the experiment part of the thesis is to measure the properties of the semiconductor structure by EBIC and determination of diffusion length and lifetime of minority charge carriers on the basis of the measured data.

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Corradi, Anna. "Ebf2, a new regulator of neuronal differentiation : from gene identification to analysis of the Ebf2 -/- mouse." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342889.

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Mohr, Herbert. "EBIC study of semiconductor multilayer structures." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308470.

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Delferrière, Olivier. "Modélisation et limites d'une source EBIS." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112015.

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Afin de pouvoir optimiser les différents paramètres d'une source EBIS, et de disposer d'une image de l'évolution des particules à l'intérieur de la source en particulier le fonctionnement de la source DIONE, actuellement opérationnelle pour la production d'ions lourds sur l'accélérateur SATURNE, à été décrit à l'aide de programmes de simulation calculant les trajectoires des particules dans les champs électromagnétiques régnant dans la source en tenant compte de la charge d'espace. Les calculs effectués concernent d'une part, le faisceau électronique issu d'un canon à électrons et sa compression dans le champ magnétique du solénoïde supraconducteur : d'autre part l'éjection, en présence des électrons dans la décroissance du champ magnétique, des ions multichargés produits dans la source. Des calculs similaires avaient déjà été menés en considérant des distributions de charges uniformes dans la source. Il existait alors des divergences importantes avec les mesures expérimentales, notamment sur la densité du faisceau électronique dans la source. Par ailleurs, la mesure de l'émittance du faisceau ionique éjecté révèle un faisceau dont l'émittance est très supérieure à celle du faisceau d'ions monochargés injecté. Là encore un modèle caractérisé par un faisceau électronique de densité uniforme ne permet pas de rendre compte des résultats expérimentaux. Des simulations numériques reposant sur les réglages effectifs de la source en introduisant des profils de densité des faisceaux plus réalistes (parabolique tronqué, gaussien. . . . ) ont permis de retrouver les résultats expérimentaux et en même temps de confirmer certaines prévisions théoriques réalisées à l'aide d'un modèle de type fluide, par des plasmiciens du Laboratoire National Saturne.

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Books on the topic "EBI2"

1

Chavot, Pierre. Ebip Serafedino. Paris, France: Fragments, 2005.

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Camille, Lecompte, and Musée du Louvre. Département des antiquités orientales, eds. Ebih-Il. Paris: Louvre éditions, 2011.

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Ebi. Tōkyō: Hōsei Daigaku Shuppankyoku, 1985.

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Nathan, Abie. Ebi Natan. Tel Aviv: Sifriyat poʻalim, 1998.

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Sakura ebi. Tōkyō: Shinchōsha, 2002.

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Ebi to Nihonjin. Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, 1988.

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1969-, Okuno Junji, ed. Ebi, kani gaidobukku. Tōkyō: TBS Buritanika, 2001.

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Shōji, Sadao. Ise ebi no marukajiri. Tōkyō: Bungei Shunjū, 1998.

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illustrator, Hanasaki Akira 1956, ed. Oishinbo: Sakura ebi daisakusen. Tokyo: Shōgakkan, 2005.

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Planning your internet marketing strategy: A Doctor Ebiz guide. New York: Wiley, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "EBI2"

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Lyman, Charles E., Joseph I. Goldstein, Alton D. Romig, Patrick Echlin, David C. Joy, Dale E. Newbury, David B. Williams, et al. "Voltage Contrast and EBIC." In Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Microanalysis, and Analytical Electron Microscopy, 81–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0635-1_15.

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Lyman, Charles E., Joseph I. Goldstein, Alton D. Romig, Patrick Echlin, David C. Joy, Dale E. Newbury, David B. Williams, et al. "Voltage Contrast and EBIC." In Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Microanalysis, and Analytical Electron Microscopy, 279–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0635-1_44.

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Dobay, Akos, and Maria Pamela Dobay. "EBI Genome Resources." In Encyclopedia of Systems Biology, 643–44. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_1036.

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Knapp, D. A. "Dielectronic recombination measurements at EBIT." In Atomic Physics of Highly Charged Ions, 143–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76658-9_26.

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Bauch, Jürgen, and Rüdiger Rosenkranz. "EBI - Electron Beam Inspection." In Physikalische Werkstoffdiagnostik, 38–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53952-1_19.

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Blair, Bryan J., and Michael F. Dorsey. "Equivalence-Based Instruction (EBI)." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1–7. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_102286-1.

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Milutinović, Veljko. "Software Tools For EBI." In Infrastructure for Electronic Business on the Internet, 23–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1451-0_3.

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Blair, Bryan J., and Michael F. Dorsey. "Equivalence-Based Instruction (EBI)." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1836–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_102286.

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Schmieder, Robert W. "Physics of the EBIS and Its Ions." In Physics of Highly-Ionized Atoms, 321–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0833-1_10.

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Zerbst, Manfred. "Prüfen von Halbleiterbauelementen mittels elektronenstrahlinduziertem Strom (EBIC)." In Meß- und Prüftechnik, 270–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82601-6_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "EBI2"

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Bartenwerfer, Malte, and Sergej Fatikow. "EBiC-Based Drift Compensation for an Automated EBiD Fabrication Process." In 2019 International Conference on Manipulation, Automation and Robotics at Small Scales (MARSS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/marss.2019.8860950.

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Miller, N. C., and K. P. Rispoli. "Electron Beam Induced Luminescence." In ISTFA 2002. ASM International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2002p0435.

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Abstract A method to detect defects affecting laser diode radiation has been devised by imaging the induced luminescence resulting from a scanning electron beam. Electron Beam Induced Luminescence (EBIL) involves imaging the current from a sensor diode as the SEM electron beam scans across the laser diode surface. Defects preventing laser diode radiation will be shown as contrast variations in the EBIL image. This technique is similar to electron beam induced current (EBIC), reference 1, in which the electron beam provides the capability for measuring subsurface electrical and physical parameters that effect device electrical performance. However in the case of EBIL, laser diode radiation is utilized as the imaging parameter providing direct correlation between the semiconductor active layer and the resultant diode luminescence output. Alternative techniques such as Cathode Luminescence (CL), reference 2 and 5, in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have been used for examination of semiconductor laser diodes for defects preventing radiation. However CL SEM analysis requires costly accessories, including at least an ellipsoidal mirror and a cooled photomultiplier tube sensitive to the particular laser diode output frequency. In addition the laser diode must be at the focal point of an ellipsoidal mirror, making CL SEM examination of a packaged laser diode difficult or impossible. This paper will describe the EBIL technique using several test diodes to demonstrate the ability of EBIL to image diode luminescence and defects affecting luminescent output. Deprocessing of the laser diode top electrode and EBIL operating parameters will be discussed.

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Orzechowski, Patryk, Moshe Sipper, Xiuzhen Huang, and Jason H. Moore. "EBIC." In GECCO '18: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3205651.3208779.

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Orzechowski, Patryk, and Jason H. Moore. "EBIC." In GECCO '19: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3319619.3326762.

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5

Koster, Norbert, Edwin te Sligte, Freek Molkenboer, Alex Deutz, Peter van der Walle, Pim Muilwijk, Wouter Mulckhuyse, et al. "First light at EBL2." In SPIE Advanced Lithography, edited by Eric M. Panning and Kenneth A. Goldberg. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2257997.

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Ohtani, Shunsuke. "The Tokyo-EBIT 2000." In The eighth international symposium on electron beam ion sources and traps and their applications. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1390102.

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Schmieder, R. W., C. L. Bisson, S. Haney, N. Toly, A. R. Van Hook, and J. Weeks. "The Sandia EBIS program." In International symposium on electron beam ion sources and their applications. AIP, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.38387.

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Faure, J. "Review of EBIS devices." In International symposium on electron beam ion sources and their applications. AIP, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.38408.

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Yoshida, Eiji, Tomohiro Tanaka, Taro Oyamada, Tohru Koyama, Junko Komori, and Shigeto Maegawa. "3-D EBIC Technique using FIB and EB Double Beam System." In ISTFA 2005. ASM International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2005p0163.

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Abstract We propose visualizing techniques of a diffusion layer using an electron beam induced current (EBIC) for a site-specific cross-section formed by focused ion beam (FIB) treatment. Moreover, we present a three-dimensional (3-D) EBIC technique using a double beam (FIB & EB) system to understand the diffusion structure. This 3-D application of the EBIC technique is very useful for delineating PN junctions and pointing out implant defects in ULSI devices. Furthermore, we applied the EBIC technique to backside circuit editing with FIB. The end-point of the silicon trench etching can be easily decided by observing the plane EBIC images. Highly reliable backside circuit editing becomes possible together with a DUV laser marking technique using an IR-optical microscope system.

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Magistrali, F., G. Salmini, G. Martines, and M. Vanzi. "Charge Diffusion and Reciprocity Theorems: A Direct Approach to EBIC of Ridge Laser Diodes." In ISTFA 1996. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1996p0233.

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Abstract This article explores the intrinsic significance of EBIC maps, looking at the specific case of ridge laser structures, but starting from a much more general approach: the Reciprocity Theorem for Charge Collection first exploited by Donolato in 1985. It provides information on non destructive testing for structural analysis and defect detection in double heterostructure ridge lasers answering the questions about the significance of EBIC maps. Taking full advantage of both direct EBIC theory and Reciprocity Theorem, most of the observed features of EBIC images are analyzed. It can be concluded that any EBIC detected defect indicates an active scattering and recombination point for minority carriers in operating conditions: no uneffective defects may be claimed; and non isotropic comas may not be read as broadening of a stronger defect kernel: they are related to real defect extension.

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Reports on the topic "EBI2"

1

Marrs, R. E. Recent results from the EBIT and Super EBIT at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/463982.

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Pikin A. Electron Gun for RHIC EBIS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061836.

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Zhang S. Y. EBIS Au beam at RHIC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1054176.

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Zhang S. Y. EBIS Au Beam at RHIC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1062003.

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Hanson, Paul J., Susan Trumbore, Chris Swanston, Margaret Torn, Julie Jastrow, William A. Parton, Wilfred M. Post, et al. The Enriched Background Isotope Study (EBIS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/899557.

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Gardner, C. J. Multiturn injection of EBIS ions in booster. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/990713.

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Hershcovitch, A. HOLLOW HEAVY PRIMARY ION SOURCES FOR EBIS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1151310.

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Beiersdorfer, P., M. Chen, V. Decaux, S. Elliott, D. Knapp, R. Marrs, A. Osterheld, et al. Spectroscopy and atomic physics in EBIT and SuperEBIT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10119018.

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Prelec, K. SELECTION OF THE OPTIMUM CHARGE STATE FROM AN EBIS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1151268.

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Gardner C. J. Notes on the Injection of EBIS Ions into Booster. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061831.

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