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Journal articles on the topic 'EC 93'

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Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 24 June 2025

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1

Heselhaus, Sebastian. "Registration Requirements for Monomer Substances Integrated in Polymers under the REACH-Regulation." European Journal of Risk Regulation 1, no. 2 (2010): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00000349.

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1. The concept of ‘monomer substances’ in Article 6 (3) of Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No. 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC, relates only to reacted monomers which are integrated in polymers (official headnote).2. Article 6 (3) of Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 infringes neither the principle of proportionality nor the principle of equal treatment (author's headnote).

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2

Lewis, Sara. "EC pharmacovigilance." Lancet 341, no. 8848 (1993): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)90586-6.

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3

Hancher, Leigh, and Klaas Sevinga. "EC overview." Utilities Policy 3, no. 2 (1993): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-1787(93)90008-k.

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4

R, JAYAKUMAR, and SANKARAN S. "EVALUATION OF ANILOFOS 50 EC RESIDUES IN TRANSPLANTED RICE." Madras Agricultural Journal 82, April (1995): 296–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01191.

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Field experiments were conducted during rabi 92, summer 93 and kharif 93 to evaluate anilofos 50 EC residues in transplanted rice. The treatments constituted anilofos 50 EC at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 kg/ha and anilofos 30 EC at 0.4 kg/ha. The residues of anilofos in soil and plant samples were analysed using HPLC and the results revealed that the soil residues of anilofos were degraded within 56 days at 0.2 kg/ha, within harvest at 0.4 kg/ha and beyond harvest at 0.8 kg/ha respectively. The anilofos residues were at detectable levels in rice grain and straw at 0.8 kg/ha of anilofos 50 EC which again were below the Maximum Residue Limits.

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5

Traill, Bruce. "EC industrial policies." Food Policy 18, no. 1 (1993): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(93)90093-q.

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6

Lewis, Sara. "EC prescribing policy." Lancet 342, no. 8878 (1993): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92889-2.

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7

Bodar, C. W. M., F. Berthault, J. H. M. de Bruijn, C. J. van Leeuwen, M. E. J. Pronk, and T. G. Vermeire. "Evaluation of EU risk assessments existing chemicals (EC Regulation 793/93)." Chemosphere 53, no. 8 (2003): 1039–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00612-x.

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8

Osma, Ustun, Sebahattin Cureoglu, and Salih Hosoglu. "The complications of chronic otitis media: report of 93 cases." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 114, no. 2 (2000): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215001905012.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, mortality and morbidity of complications due to chronic otitis media (COM). During the nine-year period 1990–1999, 2890 cases of COM were reviewed, 93 (3.22 per cent) having 57 (1.97 per cent) intracranial complications (IC) and 39 (1.35 per cent) extracranial complications (EC). In three patients more than one complication was observed. Meningitis and brain abscess were common in the IC group. Subperiosteal abscess (mastoid and Bezold’s abscess) was a common complication in the EC group. Cholesteatoma and granulation/polyp in the middle ear/mastoid were the major findings in both groups. Fifteen patients died from IC. Overall, the mortality rate was 16.1 per cent in all patients having complications, and in patients with IC it was 26.3 per cent. In all of the patients with complications, the morbidity rate was 11.8 per cent. Our study supports the finding that meningitis and brain abscess are the common complications of COM and the main reason for mortality.

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9

Brahams, Diana. "EC directives and specialists." Lancet 341, no. 8851 (1993): 1017–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)91097-6.

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10

Lewis, Sara. "EC Framework Research Programme." Lancet 342, no. 8878 (1993): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92890-6.

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11

Ferge, Zsigmond. "Debate of the legal interpretation of definitions of medical devices and medicinal products for human use." Orvosi Hetilap 155, no. 11 (2014): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2014.29803.

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On 3 October 2013 the European Court of Justice made a decision regarding the interpretation of definitions of medical devices (Directive 93/42/EC) and medicinal product for human use (Directive 2001/83/EC), based on the Article 267 TFEU preliminary ruling. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(11), 429–433.

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12

Murata, Masakazu, Takashi Ide, and Kenji Hara. "Reciprocal responses to dietary diacylglycerol of hepatic enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in the rat." British Journal of Nutrition 77, no. 1 (1997): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19970013.

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The activities of hepatic enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation were compared in rats fed on diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol. In the first trial, rats were fed on diacylglycerol or triacylglycerol (rapeseed oil) for 14 d. The diacylglycerol preparation contained 65·2 g and 32·6 g fatty acids/100 g total fatty acids as 1,3-species and 1,2-species respectively. Fatty acid compositions of these dietary lipids were similar. Dietary acylglycerols were added to experimental diets to provide the same amounts of fatty acids (93·9 g/kg diet). Dietary diacylglycerol compared with triacylglycerol significantly reduced the concentrations of serum and liver triacylglycerol. The activities of enzymes of fatty acid synthesis (fatty acid synthetase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40)) were significantly lower in rats fed on diacylglycerol than in those fed on triacylglycerol. In contrast, the rates of mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA in liver homogenates were higher in rats fed on diacylglycerol than in those fed on triacylglycerol. In the second trial, varying amounts of dietary triacylglycerol were replaced by diacylglycerol while the dietary fatty acid content was maintained (93·9 g/kg diet). After 21 d of the feeding period the significant reductions in serum and liver triacylglycerol levels were confirmed in groups of rats fed on the diets in which diacylglycerol supplied more than 65·8 g fatty acids/kg diet (65·8 and 93·9 g/kg). Reductions in the activities of enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and increases in palmitoyl-CoA oxidation rates by both mitochondrial and peroxisomal pathways were also apparent when diacylglycerol replaced triacylglycerol in diets to supply more than 65·8 g fatty acid/kg. Increasing dietary levels of diacylglycerol also progressively increased the activities of enzymes involved in the β-oxidation pathway (carnitine palmitoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.21), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.3), acyl-CoA oxidase (EC 1.3.3.6), enoyl-CoA hydratase (EC 4.2.1.17), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.35), 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.3.1.34) and Δ3,Δ2-enoyl-CoA isomerase (EC 5.3.3.8)) in the liver. These results suggest that alteration of fatty acid metabolism in the liver is a factor responsible for the serum triacylglycerol-lowering effect of dietary diacylglycerol.

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13

Qiu, Peng, Xue Dong Jiang, Cheng Kang, and Bo Lun Yang. "Synthesis of Ethylene Carbonate from Urea and Ethylene Glycol over La(NO₃)₃ Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.141.

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Synthesis of ethylene carbonate (EC) from urea and ethylene glycol was investigated in a batch reactor using La(NO3)3 as catalyst. The reaction was performed under reduced pressure to remove the byproduct ammonia. The effect of various operation conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction time and reaction pressure on the EC yield was explored. It was found that the reaction pressure is a key parameter for the formation of EC. At atmospheric pressure, the reaction cannot happen. As the reaction pressure decreases, the EC yield increases significantly. Under the optimum operation conditions, which are reaction pressure 15 KPa, reaction temperature 413 K, reaction time 3 h, and catalyst concentration 10 wt.%, the EC yield can reach to 93%.

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14

Lewis, Sara. "EC framework research programme founders." Lancet 342, no. 8885 (1993): 1479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92947-r.

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15

Had, Miroslav. "Redefining the U.S.-EC relationship." Orbis 37, no. 3 (1993): 476–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4387(93)90179-g.

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16

Müller, W. "EC '94 and insurance markets." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 13, no. 2 (1993): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6687(93)90984-w.

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17

Gray, Paul. "Subsidiarity and EC food law." Food Control 4, no. 2 (1993): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7135(93)90159-l.

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18

Gongol, Brendan, Traci Marin, Jiao Zhang, et al. "Shear stress regulation of miR-93 and miR-484 maturation through nucleolin." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 26 (2019): 12974–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902844116.

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Pulsatile shear (PS) and oscillatory shear (OS) elicit distinct mechanotransduction signals that maintain endothelial homeostasis or induce endothelial dysfunction, respectively. A subset of microRNAs (miRs) in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are differentially regulated by PS and OS, but the regulation of the miR processing and its implications in EC biology by shear stress are poorly understood. From a systematic in silico analysis for RNA binding proteins that regulate miR processing, we found that nucleolin (NCL) is a major regulator of miR processing in response to OS and essential for the maturation of miR-93 and miR-484 that target mRNAs encoding Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Additionally, anti–miR-93 and anti–miR-484 restore KLF2 and eNOS expression and NO bioavailability in ECs under OS. Analysis of posttranslational modifications of NCL identified that serine 328 (S328) phosphorylation by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was a major PS-activated event. AMPK phosphorylation of NCL sequesters it in the nucleus, thereby inhibiting miR-93 and miR-484 processing and their subsequent targeting of KLF2 and eNOS mRNA. Elevated levels of miR-93 and miR-484 were found in sera collected from individuals afflicted with coronary artery disease in two cohorts. These findings provide translational relevance of the AMPK–NCL–miR-93/miR-484 axis in miRNA processing in EC health and coronary artery disease.

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19

Wasser, Henry. "The European mind and EC 1992." History of European Ideas 17, no. 1 (1993): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-6599(93)90004-a.

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20

Rietbroek, John. "EC initiatives on trans-European networks." Information Economics and Policy 5, no. 4 (1993): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6245(93)90002-x.

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21

LEWIS, S. "EC Commission and blood self-sufficiency." Lancet 342, no. 8881 (1993): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92199-4.

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22

Higham, Nicholas. "Open network provision in the EC." Telecommunications Policy 17, no. 4 (1993): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-5961(93)90078-h.

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23

Mackenzie, L. D. M. "Sea fisheries management: the EC position." Marine Policy 17, no. 5 (1993): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-597x(93)90043-3.

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24

Goovaerts, M. J., and R. Kaas. "Editorial: Disability risk in the EC." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 13, no. 2 (1993): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6687(93)90831-9.

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25

Dieckmann, Martin. "The Revised EC Regulation on Shipments of Waste: an Overview." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 4, no. 1 (2007): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187601007x00398.

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AbstractAfter three years of negotiation between the institutions of the Community on 29 May 2006 the new Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 on Shipments of Waste has been passed by the Council. The Regulation becomes valid and directly applicable in the Member States on 12 July 2007, thus substituting the first EC regulation on transfrontier shipment of waste (Regulation (EEC) No 259/93). This article attempts a first analysis of the re-enactment and briefly outlines the major amendments in relation to the current legal situation.

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26

Ferdinandusse, Ernst W. J. "The Cooperative Joint Venture: The Rehabilitation of a Neglected Child." Leiden Journal of International Law 7, no. 1 (1994): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500002843.

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On December 23, 1993 the European Commission adopted the final version of its Explanatory Notice concerning the assessment of cooperative joint ventures under Article 85 of the EC Treaty. This Notice is part of a general readjustment of the Commission's competition policy with regard to cooperative joint ventures. On that same date, the Commission took a further step in this respect by adopting Regulation 151/93/EEC, which widens the scope of four of the Commission's block exemption Regulations. This article gives an explanation of the four block exemption Regulations prior to and after their amendment by Regulation 151/93/EEC, and their importance in relation to stimulating the creation of cooperative joint ventures in the European Union. As a result of the introduction of Regulation 151/93/EEC, industry will be relieved in a number of cases from the administrative burden of having to notify joint venture agreements to the Commission in order to obtain an individual exemption from the prohibition contained in Article 85(1) of the EC Treaty.

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27

Vanhaecke, Lynn, Petra Gowik, Bruno Le Bizec, et al. "European Analytical Criteria: Past, Present, and Future." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 94, no. 2 (2011): 360–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/94.2.360.

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Abstract In this paper, the past, present, and (possible) future of the European analytical criteria for residues are described. The elaboration of the revision of Commission Decision 93/256/EC was a long process starting in 1996 and ending with the formation of a European Commission (EC) working group in 1998. This working group took account of developments in scientific and technical knowledge at that time and produced a draft version of the revision within 6 months. The revision, finally published in 2002 (2002/657/EC), includes new ideas on the identification of analytes and the criteria for performance assessment as well as validation procedures. Currently (2009), the evolution in analytical equipment and progress in scientific research, accompanied by recent European regulatory changes, demands an update or revision of the 2002/657/EC.

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28

Berilli, Sávio da Silva, Selma Bergara Almeida, Almy Junior Cordeiro de Carvalho, Silvio de Jesus Freitas, Ana Paula Candido Gabriel Berilli, and Paulo Cesar dos Santos. "Avaliação sensorial dos frutos de cultivares de abacaxi para consumo in natura¹." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 33, spe1 (2011): 592–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452011000500081.

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Os pomares de abacaxizeiro no Brasil sofrem constantemente com as perdas de plantas e frutos ocasionadas pela fusariose, pois as cultivares plantadas atualmente são suscetíveis a esta doença. Novas cultivares mais resistentes têm surgido, no entanto não há registros de que já tenham sido avaliadas sensorialmente por consumidores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aceitação sensorial de duas novas cultivares resistentes à fusariose, Vitória e EC-93, comparando-as com outras já estabelecidas no mercado consumidor de frutas in natura, Pérola e Gold. A aceitação dos frutos foi avaliada por 52 consumidores com relação a aroma, sabor, impressão global, textura, aparência da fatia, aparência do fruto inteiro, utilizando-se da escala hedônica estruturada de nove pontos, acidez e doçura ideais, com escala do ideal, e intenção de compra, com escala estruturada de 5 pontos. Sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável e ratio foram avaliados. A cultivar Gold obteve maiores médias de aceitação para a maior parte dos parâmetros avaliados, enquanto a cv EC-93, as menores. Exceto no atributo aparência da fatia, a cv Vitória não diferiu das cultivares mais aceitas nos parâmetros avaliados. Os frutos diferiram significativamente quanto a SST, entre 12,0 e 16,0°Brix, AT entre 0,52 e 0,81% de ácido cítrico e ratio entre 19,12 e 28,46. Dentre as cultivares resistentes à fusariose, os resultados sugerem baixo potencial de mercado para a cv EC-93 e bom para a cv Vitória.

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29

Tarantola, M., M. Matton, C. Bellino, G. Barbero, E. Castell, and D. Dutto. "Does the application of directive 2001/93/EC improve pigs welfare and productive performances?" Italian Journal of Animal Science 6, sup1 (2007): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.722.

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30

VON PRONDZYNSKI, FERDINAND. "Council Directive 93/104/EC Concerning Certain Aspects of the Organization of Working Time." Industrial Law Journal 23, no. 1 (1994): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ilj/23.1.92.

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31

International consultant. "EC information security initiative — The strategic direction." Computer Audit Update 1993, no. 8 (1993): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-2593(93)90256-z.

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32

Psimmenos, Iordanis. "The EC single market and employees' participation." Utilities Policy 3, no. 1 (1993): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-1787(93)90029-v.

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33

Wanyera, R., J. K. Macharia, S. M. Kilonzo, and J. W. Kamundia. "Foliar Fungicides to Control Wheat Stem Rust, Race TTKS (Ug99), in Kenya." Plant Disease 93, no. 9 (2009): 929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-9-0929.

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The emergence of a new virulent race of stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) of wheat (Triticum aestivum), TTKS (Ug99), calls for urgent measures to contain the disease, which is a serious threat to wheat production in Kenya. Nine commercial fungicides were evaluated for control of stem rust in the field in three locations in 2005 and 2006. Ten treatments, including untreated control, were applied on field plots in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Assessment of stem rust severity was done at growth stage (GS) 55 (heading), GS 65 (flowering), and GS 75 (late milk) and expressed in terms of mean rust severity and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). In general, fungicide treatment significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced rust severity, AUDPC, and losses in grain yield and 1,000-kernel weight for cv. Duma compared with the untreated control. Stem rust was severe in both years across all sites, resulting in significantly less grain yield in the control treatment. The 1,000-kernel weight was significantly less at two locations in 2006. Fungicides azoxystrobin at 200 g/liter + cyproconazole at 80 g/liter (AmistarXtra 280 SC), tebuconazole (Folicur 250 EC), tebuconazole + tridimenol (Silvacur 375 EC), and tebuconazole (Orius 25 EW) were more effective in reducing stem rust across the sites. Fungicides trifloxystrobin + propiconazole (Stratego 250 EC), hexaconazole (Cotaf 5 EC), epoxiconazole + carbendazim (Swing 250 EC), cyproconazole at 80 g/liter + propiconazole at 250 g/liter (Artea 330EC), and epoxiconazole at 125 g/liter + carbendazim at 125 g/liter (Soprano C 250 EC) were inconsistent in the reduction of the disease. The results suggest that fungicides can be used effectively in reducing stem rust severity and increasing yield of susceptible wheat cultivars in stem-rust-prone areas.

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34

Obeidat, Marya, Laiji Li, and Barbara J. Ballermann. "TIMAP promotes angiogenesis by suppressing PTEN-mediated Akt inhibition in human glomerular endothelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 307, no. 5 (2014): F623—F633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00070.2014.

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The function of TIMAP, an endothelial cell (EC)-predominant protein phosphatase 1-regulatory subunit, is poorly understood. We explored the potential role of TIMAP in the Akt-dependent regulation of glomerular EC proliferation, survival, and in vitro angiogenesis. To deplete TIMAP, the EC were transfected with TIMAP-specific or nonspecific small interfering (si) RNA. The rate of electrical impedance development across subconfluent EC monolayers, a measure of the time-dependent increase in EC number, was 93 ± 2% lower in TIMAP-depleted than in control EC. This effect on cell proliferation was associated with reduced DNA synthesis and increased apoptosis: TIMAP silencing reduced 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation by 38 ± 2% during the exponential phase of EC proliferation, and cleaved caspase 3 as well as caspase 3 activity increased in TIMAP-depleted relative to control cells. Furthermore, TIMAP depletion inhibited the formation of angiogenic sprouts by glomerular EC in three-dimensional culture. TIMAP depletion strongly diminished growth factor-stimulated Akt phosphorylation without altering ERK1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting a specific effect on the PI3K/Akt/PTEN pathway. Endogenous TIMAP and PTEN colocalized in EC and coimmunoprecipitated from EC lysates. The inhibitory PTEN phosphorylation on S370 was significantly reduced in TIMAP-depleted compared with control EC, while phosphorylation of PTEN on the S380/T382/T383 cluster remained unchanged. Finally, the PTEN inhibitor bpV(phen) fully reversed the suppressive effect of TIMAP depletion on Akt phosphorylation. The data indicate that in growing EC, TIMAP is necessary for Akt-dependent EC proliferation, survival, and angiogenic sprout formation and that this effect of TIMAP is mediated by inhibition of the tumor suppressor PTEN.

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35

Kim, Hyunsoo, Young Ah Kim, Young Hee Seo, Hyukmin Lee та Kyungwon Lee. "Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli from Multiple Sectors of Poultry Industry in Korea". Antibiotics 10, № 9 (2021): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10091050.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) from poultry, the poultry farm environment, and workers in Korea. A total of 1376 non-duplicate samples were collected from 21 poultry farms, 20 retail stores, 6 slaughterhouses, and 111 workers in a nationwide study in Korea from January 2019 to August 2019. The overall positive rate of ESBL-EC was 6.8%, with variable positive rates according to sources (0.9% of worker, 5.2% of poultry, 10.0% of chicken meat, and 14.3% of environment). Common ESBL types were CTX-M-55 and CTX-M-14 in a total of 93 ESBL-EC isolates. Whole genome sequencing revealed that 84 ESBL-EC isolates had an outstanding accumulation of numerous antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes associated with resistance to various classes of antimicrobials for human use and well-known antimicrobial gene (ARG)-carrying plasmids. Core gene multi locus sequence typing, using 2390 core genes, indicated no dominant clone or common type in each province. In conclusion, the isolation rates of ESBL-EC were not negligible in the poultry industry-related samples, sharing common ESBL types of human ESBL-EC isolates in Korea.

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36

León-Castillo, Alicia, Stephanie M. de Boer, Melanie E. Powell, et al. "Molecular Classification of the PORTEC-3 Trial for High-Risk Endometrial Cancer: Impact on Prognosis and Benefit From Adjuvant Therapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 29 (2020): 3388–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.00549.

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PURPOSE The randomized Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Versus Radiotherapy Alone in Women With High-Risk Endometrial Cancer (PORTEC-3) trial investigated the benefit of combined adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy (CTRT) versus radiotherapy alone (RT) for women with high-risk endometrial cancer (EC). Because The Cancer Genome Atlas defined an EC molecular classification with strong prognostic value, we investigated prognosis and impact of chemotherapy for each molecular subgroup using tissue samples from PORTEC-3 trial participants. METHODS Paraffin-embedded tissues of 423 consenting patients were collected. Immunohistochemistry for p53 and mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, and DNA sequencing for POLE exonuclease domain were done to classify tumors as p53 abnormal (p53abn), POLE-ultramutated ( POLEmut), MMR-deficient (MMRd), or no specific molecular profile (NSMP). The primary end point was recurrence-free survival (RFS). Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox model were used for analysis. RESULTS Molecular analysis was successful in 410 high-risk EC (97%), identifying the 4 subgroups: p53abn EC (n = 93; 23%), POLEmut (n = 51; 12%), MMRd (n = 137; 33%), and NSMP (n = 129; 32%). Five-year RFS was 48% for patients with p53abn EC, 98% for POLEmut EC, 72% for MMRd EC, and 74% for NSMP EC ( P < .001). The 5-year RFS with CTRT versus RT for p53abn EC was 59% versus 36% ( P = .019); 100% versus 97% for patients with POLEmut EC ( P = .637); 68% versus 76% ( P = .428) for MMRd EC; and 80% versus 68% ( P = .243) for NSMP EC. CONCLUSION Molecular classification has strong prognostic value in high-risk EC, with significantly improved RFS with adjuvant CTRT for p53abn tumors, regardless of histologic type. Patients with POLEmut EC had an excellent RFS in both trial arms. EC molecular classification should be incorporated in the risk stratification of these patients as well as in future trials to target specific subgroups of patients.

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37

Si, Fuchun. "Identification and expression distribution of esophageal carcinoma autoantigens." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (2020): e16520-e16520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e16520.

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e16520 Background: To identify the autoantigen protein molecules with autoserum in the tissues from the esophageal carcinoma (EC) patients, analyze autoantigen expression distribution in EC tissues, so as to provide basis for the molecular pathogenesis and clinical medication of EC. Methods: 69 cases of EC patients tissues and serum and 81 cases of healthy people serum were collected, serological proteome analysis (SERPA) was modified with sequential extraction of subcellular protein fractions to identify esophageal oncopathgensis stages autoantigen with autoserum in the tissues from the EC patients. Another 93 cases of EC patients tissue were collected, immunohistochemical and western blot method were used to detect expression distribution of EC autoantigens in esophageal carcinoma tissue, para-carcinoma tissue and normal tissue. Results: Autoantigens CK13, CK16, CaD, ACTG2, tumor rejection antigen (gp96) 1 variant, heat shock protein gp96 precursor were identified, among wihich, CK16, CaD, ACTG2, tumor rejection antigen (gp96)1 variant, heat shock protein gp96 precursor were firstly reported as EC autoantigens. Expression of autoantigens CK16, CaD, ACTG2 were increased in EC carcinoma tissue than para-carcinoma tissue and normal tissue, while CK13 were decreased. Positive expression level of CK16 in normal tissue, para-carcinoma tissue and cancer tissue of EC patients was 0.0076±0.0033, 0.0158±0.0065, 0.0356±0.0165 respectively, CaD was 0.0085±0.0048, 0.0107±0.0056, 0.0177±0.0103 respectively, ACTG2 was 0.0091±0.0039, 0.0136±0.0043, 0.0214±0.0110 respectively, and CK13 was 0.2053±0.0311, 0.1633±0.0280, 0.0412±0.0239 respectively. Conclusions: 6 EC autoantigens were identified, and 5 were first reported. Autoantigens CK13, CK16, CaD and ACTG2 were expressed in EC patients carcinoma tissue, which can be the potential biomarkers of esophageal carcinoma. This study provides new basis for the EC molecular mechanism and development of molecular drugs.

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RAO, C. SUBBA, and N. V. SUBBA RAO. "Variation of rainwater quality in Visakhapatnam." MAUSAM 46, no. 4 (2022): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v46i4.3324.

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The electrical conductance (EC) of rain waters at Visakhapatnam is studied for a three year period of 1991-93. Lower amounts of rainfall (RF) record higher conductivity values and vice-versa due to dilution process of the amount of rain. EC/RF ratios decrease from summer months to monsoon as the accumulation of salts during dry periods is drained off with the progress of monsoon rains. Visakhapatnam records higher ionic contents than other stations in India due to highly polluted industrial atmosphere. The ionic contents for Ca, Na, K and a are possibly increasing with time at Visakhapatnam. 

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Fan, Xingchen, Minmin Cao, Cheng Liu, et al. "Three plasma-based microRNAs as potent diagnostic biomarkers for endometrial cancer." Cancer Biomarkers 31, no. 2 (2021): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/cbm-200972.

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BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), with noticeable stability and unique expression pattern in plasma of patients with various diseases, are powerful non-invasive biomarkers for cancer detection including endometrial cancer (EC). OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify promising miRNA biomarkers in plasma to assist the clinical screening of EC. METHODS: A total of 93 EC and 79 normal control (NC) plasma samples were analyzed using Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) in this four-stage experiment. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic value. Additionally, the expression features of the identified miRNAs were further explored in tissues and plasma exosomes samples. RESULTS: The expression of miR-142-3p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-151a-5p was significantly overexpressed in the plasma of EC patients compared with NCs. Areas under the ROC curve of the 3-miRNA signature were 0.729, 0.751, and 0.789 for the training, testing, and external validation phases, respectively. The diagnostic performance of the identified signature proved to be stable in the three public datasets and superior to the other miRNA biomarkers in EC diagnosis. Moreover, the expression of miR-151a-5p was significantly elevated in EC plasma exosomes. CONCLUSIONS: A signature consisting of 3 plasma miRNAs was identified and showed potential for the non-invasive diagnosis of EC.

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Lin, Song, Weimei Zhang, Guifeng Wang, Yunxiang Hu, Xuanbo Zhong, and Guixiang Tang. "Physiological Regulation of Photosynthetic-Related Indices, Antioxidant Defense, and Proline Anabolism on Drought Tolerance of Wild Soybean (Glycine soja L.)." Plants 13, no. 6 (2024): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13060880.

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Wild soybean (Glycine soja L.), drought-tolerant cultivar Tiefeng 31 (Glycine max L.), and drought-sensitive cultivar Fendou 93 (Glycine max L.) were used as materials to investigate the drought tolerance mechanism after 72 h 2.5 M PEG 8000 (osmotic potential −0.54 MPa)-simulated drought stress at the seedling stage. The results indicated that the leaves of the G. soja did not wilt under drought stress. However, both the drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cultivated soybean cultivars experienced varying degrees of leaf wilt. Notably, the drought-sensitive cultivated soybean cultivars exhibited severe leaf wilt after the drought stress. Drought stress was determined to have a significant impact on the dry matter of the above-ground part of the drought-sensitive cultivar Fendou 93, followed by the drought-tolerant cultivar Tiefeng 31, with the lowest reduction observed in G. soja. Furthermore, the presence of drought stress resulted in the closure of leaf stomata. G. soja exhibited the highest proportion of stomatal opening per unit area, followed by the drought-tolerant cultivar Tiefeng 31, while the drought-sensitive cultivar Fendou 93 displayed the lowest percentage. Photosynthesis-related indexes, including photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance, decreased in Fendou 93 and Tiefeng 31 after drought stress, but increased in G. soja. In terms of the antioxidant scavenging system, lower accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in G. soja and Tiefeng 31, along with higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) to counteract excess reactive oxygen species and maintain cell membrane integrity. In contrast, the drought-sensitive cultivar Fendou 93 had higher MDA content and higher activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and peroxidase (POD, 1.11.1.7). G. soja and Tiefeng 31 also exhibited less accumulation of osmolytes, including soluble sugar, soluble protein, and free proline content. The activities of δ-OAT, ProDH, and P5CS, key enzymes in proline anabolism, showed an initial increase under drought stress, followed by a decrease, and then an increase again at the end of drought stress in G. soja. Before drought stress, Tiefeng 31 had higher activities of ProDH and P5CS, which decreased with prolonged drought stress. Fendou 93 experienced an increase in the activities of δ-OAT, ProDH, and P5CS under drought stress. The δ-OAT gene expression levels were up-regulated in all three germplasms. The expression levels of the P5CS gene in Fendou 93 and Tiefeng 31 were down-regulated, while G. soja showed no significant change. The expression of the P5CR gene and ProDH gene was down-regulated in Fendou 93 and Tiefeng 31, but up-regulated in G. soja. This indicates that proline content is regulated at both the transcription and translation levels.

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Hodierne, Tracy, and David Botterill. "The EC travel directive— for better or worse?" Tourism Management 14, no. 5 (1993): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(93)90001-2.

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Fehr, Hans, Christoph Rosenberg, and Wolfgang Wiegard. "Value-added taxation in the EC after 1992." European Economic Review 37, no. 8 (1993): 1483–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(93)90118-t.

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Donoghue, Joan E. "EC participation in protection of the marine environment." Marine Policy 17, no. 6 (1993): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-597x(93)90014-t.

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Jaśkiewicz, J. "Palliative surgical therapy (PST) in esophageal cancer (EC)." European Journal of Cancer 29 (January 1993): S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-8049(93)90754-4.

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Lyon, D. H. "UN/EC standards for fresh fruit and vegetables." Food Control 4, no. 1 (1993): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7135(93)90156-i.

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Dendaas, Nancy. "Environmental Congruence and Work-Related Stress in Acute Care Hospital Medical/Surgical Units: A Descriptive, Correlational Study." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 5, no. 1 (2011): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/193758671100500103.

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Objective: To describe the degree to which Environmental Congruence (EC) is present in sampled units and considered important/desirable by staff RNs; staff RNs' reported level of work-related stress (WRS); the perceived contribution of the physical environment to WRS; and the relationship between existing levels of EC and WRS. Background: Few studies have focused on how the physical environment might contribute to nurses' WRS and chronic nursing shortages. The construct of EC can be used, within a Person Environment (PE)-Fit framework, to assess the fit among nurses, nursing work, the physical work environment, and WRS. Methods: EC was measured using investigator-developed, literature/criterion-based survey instruments. Staff RNs reported WRS variables by using two single-item self-report measures. The final convenience sample consisted of 471 staff RNs from 39 medical/surgical units from 12 hospitals in the upper Midwest. Data were collected over a 7-month period. Results: The mean level of existing EC in the sample was roughly 70% percent of highest capacity and that of important/desired EC in the sample was 93%. Staff RNs' mean level of WRS was 6.7; the mean contribution of the physical environment to WRS was 5.8. Moderate negative correlations were found between EC and WRS ( r = −.41, p < .05), and between physical environment contribution to WRS and EC ( r = −.55, p <.001). Conclusions: Staff RNs in the sampled units wanted a significantly higher level of EC. They rated their WRS moderately high and the contribution of the physical environment to it as moderate. A moderately negative relationship was found between EC and WRS. EC may be a useful construct in research that attempts to improve hospital nursing work environments.

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Palacios-Garzón, Natalia, Raul Ayuso-Montero, Enric Jané-Salas, José María Anglada-Cantarell, and José López-López. "Marginal Bone Loss in Implants with External Connection versus Internal Conical Connection Prior to Prosthetic Loading. A Randomized Clinical Study." Coatings 10, no. 11 (2020): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111044.

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Introduction: The prosthetic connection of implants has been related to the loss of marginal bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone loss around external connection (EC) and internal conical connection (ICC) implants prior to prosthetic loading. Material and methods: A randomized clinical trial (RCT) was carried out, with a sample size of 93 implants (31 EC and 62 ICC) placed in 27 patients. Radiological controls were performed and stability was measured by resonance frequency analysis (RFA) on the day of placement, at 1 month and at 4 months after the placement. Results: Bone loss in EC implants was not statistically different than in ICC implants between the time of placement (T0) and the subsequent month (T1): (EC = 0.18 mm and ICC = 0.17 mm). Between one month (T1) and four months (T2): (EC = 0.39 mm and ICC = 0.19 mm) this difference was highly significant (p = 0.00). Bone loss between T0 and T2 was significantly lower in the ICC (EC = 0.57 mm and ICC = 0.36 mm), (p = 0.01). The overall success rate of the implants was 97.8%. The stability of the implants increased from 70.69 (T0) to 73.91 (T1) and 75.32 (T2). Conclusions: ICC showed less bone loss up to the time of prosthesis placement. Such bone loss did not have a significant impact on bone stability. Long term RCTs are needed to demonstrate whether this bone loss, which is more pronounced at the beginning in EC, tends to stabilize and equate to ICC.

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Elahi, Md Quadrat E., Md Azizul Islam, SM Rahid Sarwar, and Fatima Sarkar. "A Retrospective Study on Previously Untreated Non-metastatic Breast Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 18, no. 2 (2023): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v18i2.63987.

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Introduction: The combination of adoxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) followed by a taxane (Docetaxel or Paclitaxel) and epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (EC) followed by a taxane (Docetaxel or Paclitaxel) is a standard regimen for breast cancer patients. In this study, we compared the three-year overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) of a patient with previously untreated non-metastatic breast cancer patients. Objectives: To find out the overall survival and progression free survival among previously untreated non-metastatic breast cancer patients after standard chemotherapy. Methods: Fifty-six patients received four cycles of doxorubicin at a dose of 60mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide at a dose of 600 mg/m2 followed by four cycles of paclitaxel at a dose of 175mg/m2. Thirteen patients received AC followed by four cycles of docetaxel at a dose of 75mg/m2. Twenty-one patients received four cycles of epirubicin (75mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (600mg/m2), followed by four cycles of paclitaxel (175mg/m2). Twelve patients were given EC followed by four cycles of docetaxel (75mg/m2). Results: The four groups of patients had similar characteristics. Overall survivalafter three years was 92% in AC followed by paclitaxel, 98% in AC followed by docetaxel, 95% and 97% in EC followed by paclitaxel and docetaxel respectively. One year of PFS in AC followed by paclitaxel and docetaxel was 98% and 100% respectively whereas in EC followed by paclitaxel and docetaxel were 98% and 98% respectively. The four arms had 96%, 98%, 97% and 96% PFS after two years respectively. This research also revealed that four chemotherapy regimens had three-year survival rates of 93%, 98%, 93% and 96% respectively. Conclusion: AC or EC followed by taxane regimens well suitable regimens for the population of patients with previously untreated non-metastatic breast cancer patients. The findings show the need for continued observation as well as taking into account the treatment of other patients throughout different periods. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 18, No 2 (December) 2022: 11-14

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Beukinga, Jorn, Jan-Binne Hulshoff, Marianna Sijtsema, et al. "Predicting response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in esophageal cancer by textural features derived from pretreatment FDG-PET scans." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 4_suppl (2016): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.93.

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93 Background: 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is currently the imaging method of choice in assessing response of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in esophageal cancer (EC) patients. PET/CT derived texture analysis is potentially more useful than common PET/CT measurements in response assessment and might also be of predictive value in different cancer types. The aim of this study was to develop a model to predict response to nCRT in EC based on pretreatment FDG-PET derived textural features in combination with clinical parameters. Methods: We reviewed 80 locally advanced EC patients who underwent pretreatment FDG-PET/CT and radiation planning CT scans between 2009 and 2015. Patients received nCRT according to the CROSS regimen (carboplatin/paclitaxel/41.4Gy) followed by esophagectomy. We analyzed 7 clinical, 16 geometry-based, and 87 different texture features derived from pretreatment FDG-PET images of the radiotherapy gross tumor volume. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to construct a prediction model for treatment response, which was pathologically classified in complete, partial and no response on the Mandard tumor regression grade (1 vs. 2-3 vs. 4-5). The performance of this model was estimated by comparison with clinical outcome. Results: Pathologic examination revealed 16 (20.0%) complete, 46 (57.5%) partial, and 18 (22.5%) non- responders. Response analysis yielded the following independent predictive textural features: SUVmin, small zone low gray level emphasis, and contrast; and the independent predictive clinical parameters: nodal stage, endoscopic tumor length, and gender. The model has a sensitivity/specificity, positive/negative predictive value, and accuracy of 69%/97%, 85%/93%, and 91% for the prediction of complete response and 61%/79%, 46%/88%, and 75% for non-response, respectively. Conclusions: The prediction model constructed in this study, shows a good overall performance level in predicting response to nCRT in EC patients, but requires further external validation and refinement before it can be used for clinical decision making.

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WEI, RU-DONG, and FUN S. CHU. "Production and Characterization of Antibody Against PR Toxin." Journal of Food Protection 51, no. 6 (1988): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-51.6.463.

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Antibody against PR toxin was produced after immunizing rabbits with an immunogen prepared by conjugation of PR toxin to bovine serum albumin by a reductive alkylation method. A competitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to determine the antibody specificity. The concentration causing 50% inhibition of binding of 3H-tetrahydro-PR toxin to the antibody by unlabeled PR toxin, tetrahydro-PR toxin, PR imine, eremofortin C (EC), acetyl-EC (Ac-EC), eremofortin D (ED) and eremofortin A (EA) were 7, 10, 5, 15, 50, 500 and 800 ng/assay, respectively; for PR alcohol and eremofortin B (EB), the concentration was greater than 10,000 ng/assay. The practical application of using this antibody for RIA of PR toxin was tested by spiking cheese with the toxin. PR toxin was then extracted with ethyl acetate, and analyzed by RIA. The overall recovery for 20 samples with 0.1 to 50 ppm of PR toxin was 93%.

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