Academic literature on the topic 'Ecclesiastical law – France – Sources'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ecclesiastical law – France – Sources"
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Vlavianos, George. "Specific Performance in the Civil Law: Mediating Between Inconsistent Principles Inherited from a Roman-Canonical Tradition via the French Astreinte and the Québec Injunction." Revue générale de droit 24, no. 4 (February 27, 2019): 515–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1056817ar.
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Traditionally, inexecution of a contractual obligation in the civil law gives rise to an award in damages. This principle stems from Roman law of the classical period, which held to the maxim Nemo praecise cogi potest ad factum. In the post-classical period, however, the influence of ecclesiastical courts and the Christian notion of fidei laesio imposed itself on the classical pre-eminence of damages. Consequently, contractual obligations were often specifically enforced by secular courts based on the pacta sunt servanda doctrine of the canon law. Yet damages and specific performance, it is argued, are from the outset conceptually irreconcilable remedies. The full import of the nemo praecise principle prohibits all acts compelling the debtor to perform, whether such compulsion be physical or one of conscience. Pacta sunt servanda, on the other hand, maintains that that which has been promised should be performed, by force if necessary. In France, the mechanism of astreinte — a comminatory fine imposed on the debtor upon his failure to comply with a court order — is used to specifically enforce contractual obligations. This is done despite the fact that execution in kind is not expressly sanctioned by the Code civil. In Québec, courts have been slow to acknowledge the suitability of specific performance in the context of contractual obligations. The source of such hesitation is codally rooted, as the Civil Code of Lower Canada, in terms similar to the French Code civil, enunciates the supremacy of damages at article 1065. But this situation will change with the arrival of the new Civil Code of Québec. With this reorientation of the substantive law, Québec courts will be procedurally better equipped to enforce specific performance than their French counterparts. In essence, via the injunction, a court may physically compel a recalcitrant debtor. Despite its common law origins, the author contends that the injunction is not incompatible with the law of obligations in Québec. Any perceived incompatibility in the realm of contract law arises from the initial irreconcilability of damages and specific performance.
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Bash, Anthony. "Ecclesiastical Law and the Law of God in Scripture." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 5, no. 22 (January 1998): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00003197.
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The Ecclesiastical Law Society is rightly promoting afresh the study of ecclesiastical law. In the case of the Church of England, the sources of ecclesiastical law are three-fold: case-law, statutes (and Measures made thereunder) and the Canons of the Church of England. These are the formal sources for identifying and expounding (Anglican) ecclesiastical law. The sources qua sources may not be the subject of debate; the debate may only be as to the interpretation of the contents of the sources and whether the sources should be amended. This approach to determining the substantive content of ecclesiastical law reflects the positivist approach to law, such as Bentham, Austin and Hart have set out.
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Edwards, Quentin. "The Canon Law of the Church of England: Its Implications for Unity." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 1, no. 3 (July 1988): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00007080.
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Among lawyers who profess to know their way about the labyrinth of the Church of England's legal foundations there is a debate whether there are two subjects or one – are ecclesiastical law and canon law the same? As some purists contend that canon law is more restricted in its scope I shall take, for convenience and perhaps accuracy, the description ecclesiastical law, which certainly comprehends, or should comprehend, canon law. The ecclesiastical law of the Church of England is derived from six sources (1) papal and domestic canon law, (2) ecclesiastical common law, (3) the relevant parts of the Corpus Juris Civilis, (4) parliamentary statutes, (5) Measures of the Church Assembly and the General Synod, (6) the Canons.
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Edwards, Quentin. "The Origin and Founding of the Ecclesiastical Law Society." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 5, no. 26 (January 2000): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x0000380x.
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There was an ecclesiastical law shaped hole in the Church of England from the dissolution of Doctors' Commons in 1857 until 1987 when it was filled by the formation of the Ecclesiastical Law Society. In 1947, forty years earlier, the Archbishops' Canon Law Commission had suggested how the hole might be filled. The Commission was appointed in 1939 and published its report under the title The Canon Law of the Church of England (SPCK, 1947). The Report consisted of a learned and authoritative review of the sources of English canon law and made recommendations for its reform, in particular by appending to the Report a body of suggested revised canons. Included in the Report was the following paragraph expressing the hope that a society might be formed for the study of canon law:‘The success of a new code of canons will to a great extent depend on a wider knowledge than at present exists among the clergy of the law of the Church of England, its nature, history, development, and particular characteristics; and it is hoped that the previous chapters of this Report will provide an elementary introduction to the subject. We recommend therefore that those who are responsible for the training of ordination candidates and for the post-ordination training of the clergy should be asked to consider what steps can be taken to give both ordinands and clergy a more professional knowledge of the Church's law and constitution. In giving evidence before the Ecclesiastical Courts Commission in 1883 the late Sir Lewis Dibdin pointed out that since the disappearance of Doctors' Commons in 1857 there had really been no method of teaching or preserving a knowledge of the Ecclesiastical Law. It is impossible at this stage to revive anything like Doctors' Commons, but we would suggest that a society, consisting of clergy, professional historians, and lawyers, be formed for the purpose of studying the Ecclesiastical Law and of suggesting ways in which that law either needs alteration or can be developed to meet new needs. As a rule there is far too little contact and interchange of ideas and points of view between the clergy and ecclesiastical lawyers, and such a society would give opportunities for this. Such a society would train up a number of people competent to advise and help the clergy in the particular problems of Ecclesiastical Law with which from time to time they are confronted.’
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Shishkin, Vladimir. "Ecclesiastical Household of Anna Yaroslavna, Queen of the Franks (1051–1075)." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 5 (December 2020): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.5.1.
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Introduction. The court of Anna Yaroslavna, the French queen of the 11th century, has not been specifically studied in historical literature. The author proposes to find out how the ecclesiastical environment of the Queen was formalized and structured in 1051–1075, who of the church persons formed her inner circle, and whether the royal ecclesiastical household had an influence on the formation of the church policy of the crown. Methods. The methodology is a combination of institutional and social history as part of the systemic approach that makes it possible to understand the evolution of the Queen’s household within the curial Capetian system. Analysis. The reviewed sources indicate that Anna Yaroslavnas staying in France and her relationships with the curial clerics were very close. The Royal acts attest to Anna’s high level of involvement in the ecclesiastical affairs of France, her regular support for the church persons of Curia regis, the Chancellor-Bishop and his servants, as well as the state of curial priests. Results. The ecclesiastical entourage of King Henri I and Queen Anna largely shaped the policy of the Capetians and strengthened dynastic authority. As a widow and queen mother, Anna Yaroslavna played in accordance with the policies of Henry I and his predecessors, contributing to the further strengthening of the church presence at the court, and in particular the bishops in Curia regis, as opposed to the feudal clans and influence of the pope. At the same time, all her actions were aimed at the interests of the crown in order to guarantee the safe preservation of the throne for her son Philip I.
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Jones, Thughie. "Ex Africa Semper Aliquid Novi: Colenso Revisited." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 5, no. 24 (January 1999): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00003458.
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This paper had its origin in an excursus to the dissertation offered in part requirement for the University of Wales LLM degree in Ecclesiastical and Canon Law. Like all work on Colenso, it is indebted to the magisterial investigations of the late Peter Hinchliff, in whose biography of Colenso will be found an extensive bibliography to 1964. Later sources are itemised in this paper.
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MARAFIOTI, NICOLE. "UNCONSECRATED BURIAL AND EXCOMMUNICATION IN ANGLO-SAXON ENGLAND: A REASSESSMENT." Traditio 74 (2019): 55–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tdo.2019.14.
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This article investigates the ideologies which underpinned unconsecrated burial in late Anglo-Saxon legal and religious texts. The exclusion of sinners and criminals from Christian cemeteries has typically been interpreted by scholars as a form of excommunication or an attempt to facilitate damnation. However, a reassessment of legislative, diplomatic, and ecclesiastical sources reveals that this was not so. In tenth-century laws and charters, unconsecrated burial was imposed exclusively by secular authorities; it was only prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities from ca. 1000. This suggests that it originated as a temporal punishment but later came to be used as an ecclesiastical sentence. The following analysis of the textual evidence yields two interrelated arguments. First, this article demonstrates that through the mid-eleventh century, unconsecrated burial was a penalty distinct from ecclesiastical excommunication. Where excommunication was imposed upon living sinners, to coerce them to penance, unconsecrated burial was prescribed for the unrepentant or criminal dead, whose actions placed them beyond earthly help. Second, this article contends that written prescriptions for unconsecrated burial differentiated secular from ecclesiastical jurisdictions. Although laymen and clergy collaborated in the dispensation of law and justice throughout the Anglo-Saxon period, the written evidence for unconsecrated burial shows that this penalty fell either under the authority of secular or of ecclesiastical agents, demonstrating a clearer separation between these spheres than is usually recognized in pre-Conquest England.
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Eichbauer, Melodie H. "Legal Authorities and their Legislative Priorities: The Treatment of Leprosy in the Sources of Canon Law." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Kanonistische Abteilung 106, no. 1 (August 27, 2020): 153–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgk-2020-0007.
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AbstractThis essay considers medieval leprosy in ecclesiastical legislation through the lens of legal pluralism, that is the range of normative orders that are independent from the “state” as a monolithic entity. It focuses on the period between the mid-eleventh and the turn of the fourteenth century marked by efforts at church reform, by the proliferation of leprosaria, and by canonical interest in matrimonial law. It argues that the environment in which various legal authorities worked influenced how they engaged with leprosy. The policies they enacted resulted from a negotiation of their circumstances and needs, which were not necessarily the same. The result was a rich and overlapping legal tradition that, over time, coalesced into a comprehensive legislative policy that both protected the rights of the afflicted as well as the safety of the healthy. The first section of this essay sets forth research on leprosy and the arguments to be pursued. The second section argues that the “old law” in canonical collections used leprosy as an allegory for sin and as a metaphor for simony in pursuit of personal reform and renewal. The third section focuses on the proliferation of leprosaria and argues that the challenge of arranging for pastoral care fell on the shoulders of councils and prelates making policy at the regional or local level. The fourth section argues that the papacy and jurists worked parallel to other legislative bodies. Yet it would be the requests to which the papacy responded and the importance of juridical commentary as a source clarifying the legal ambiguities in these responses that would provide the inroad for the papacy, acting similar to the proverbial “state”, to normalize ecclesiastical life and Christian society.
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Gligić, Sanja. "Responsibility of monks in the context of law and society." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 59, no. 89 (2020): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn0-28664.
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In the course of history, ecclesiastical life has been imbued by secular beliefs, embodied in human endeavour to get a strong foothold in the Church. Since Emperor Constantine's era, the idea that matured in the ecclesiastical consciousness was that the fundamental principle underlying the organization of ecclesiastical life lay in the domain of law. Nevertheless, in contrast to positive law, canon law is not an expression of the will of an individual or the congregation; instead, it comprises rules deriving from the nature of the Church. The Church, just like any other organism, is governed by two tenets: the static organization, and its dynamic life function. Thus, the responsibility of monks can be perceived either in line with canonic law or within the social context, whereby these tenets are inalienable since there can be no life without organization, nor can there be organization without life. In case a member abandons an organization, regardless of the reasons behind such action (be it voluntary or through the power of law), positive law prescribes that all ties between the said organization and its former member are to be dissolved. On the other hand, in case a penalized monk is obliged to leave the monastery due to the gravity of the pronounced sanction, he is entitled (as a former member) to preserve the status of a Christian. This point derives from the fact that baptism constitutes an indelible fact of spiritual life. This paper examines the subject matter of monks' responsibility for violation of canon law, by comparing the mediaeval and contemporary sources of the Serbian canon law, in view of identifying changes in the said period and drawing the most accurate conclusions.
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Baker, J. H. "Famous English Canon Lawyers: VIII Edmund Gibson, D.D. († 1748) and David Wilkins, D.D. († 1745)." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 3, no. 17 (July 1995): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00000375.
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Since our next pair were not lawyers at all. it may seem rather incongruous to include them in the company of ‘canon lawyers’. Yet it would be pedantic to exclude them from a survey of English canonistic literature for want of the requisite formalities, especially since their collections of legal sources have been so widely consulted by ecclesiastical lawyers down to the present. Both their endeavours were prompted, indirectly, by a fierce controversy over the constitution of the Church of England and the historic role of Convocation; but, unlike much of the polemical literature spawned by that debate, the works of Gibson and Wilkins each made a more enduring contribution to the history of English ecclesiastical law.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ecclesiastical law – France – Sources"
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Deniel-Ternant, Myriam. "Écclésiastiques en débauche : la déviance sexuelle du clergé français au XVIIIe siècle, au crible des sources parisiennes." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100030.
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Au XVIIIe siècle, grâce aux efforts redoublés de l’Église post-tridentine, le clergé semble davantage formé, éduqué et moralisé, comme en atteste le topos littéraire du « bon prêtre ». L’étude d’un corpus de sources éclectiques, issues des archives de la Bastille, du parlement et de l’officialité de Paris, révèle la persistance d’un contingent non négligeable de membres déviants. Enjeux d’une surveillance multiforme de la part de leurs ouailles, de leurs pairs, de leur hiérarchie ou des instances policières, les ecclésiastiques contreviennent à l’impératif de chasteté en entretenant des relations ancillaires, sodomites et tarifées, de manière fortuite ou régulière. Outre la mise en lumière de leurs pratiques sexuelles et d’une géographie de la capitale tentatrice, la confrontation des sources souligne l’existence de plusieurs effets de seuils entraînant scandale, saisine de justice et répression, préalables indispensables à une réconciliation du corps socialDuring the 18th century, thanks to the efforts of the post-tridentine catholic church, the Clergy seems to be better trained, more educated and have a more ethical conduct, as confirms the figure of the “Good Priest” in French literature. Various sources from the archives of the Bastille, parliament and ecclesiastical courts reveal that a substantial number of clergy members had a deviant behavior. Some Clerics transgress chastity rules and engage in casual or regular intercourse with servants, other men or prostitutes. They are subsequently closely kept under close surveillance by their parishioners, fellow priests, hierarchy or by the police. The corpus studied has permitted to highlight their sexual practices as well as the geography of the places of debauchery in the city. It also revealed the existence of several threshold effects and the ensuing scandals, court cases and repression, which were essential for society to be reconciled with its Clergy
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Darras, Vincent. "Le droit financier français peut-il être amené à disparaître ?" Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020060.
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La crise européenne des dettes souveraines est l'occasion de constater l'instauration de nouveaux rapports entre puissances publiques nationales et marchés financiers. A la fois acteur et arbitre de la confrontation des forces du marché, l'Etat se trouve pris dans une logique concurrentielle, libérale et internationaliste qui menace sa capacité à rester la principale source d'édiction de la réglementation financière. Dans un contexte de globalisation et d'autonomisation de la sphère financière, ainsi qu'en raison des impératifs d'efficience et de compétitivité économique qui pèsent sur le droit financier, la notion même de " droit financier français " perd progressivement de son sens. Le renforcement impressionnant de l'action européenne en la matière, l'importation systématique des solutions juridiques anglo-américaines, ou encore la délégation croissante de l'édiction des normes aux experts, menacent le maintien d'un droit financier véritablement français, distinct des autres réglementations nationales. Sans doute, la régulation a vocation à changer d'échelle de manière durable et irréversible, pour accompagner l'intégration internationale des marchés financiers et épouser leur nouvelle dimension régionale, voire mondiale. Plus généralement, les modalités contemporaines de production de la norme financière disqualifient l'appareil étatique comme une source pertinente d'édiction des règles, qui sont toujours plus fines, expertes et évolutives, sans avoir pour autant perdu leur dimension politique. Tel est le dilemme fondamental de la régulation financière moderne, vouée à réconcilier la pertinence économique avec la légitimité démocratiqueThe current European sovereign debts crisis is a good opportunity to observe the brand new balance of powers between national public authorities and financial markets. Both an actor and an arbitrator of the interaction between market forces, the State is increasingly following a competitive, liberal and internationalist approach to regulation that threatens its ability to remain the main source of enactment of financial rules. In a context of globalization and empowerment of the financial sphere, and under the economic imperatives of efficiency and competitiveness, the very notion of "French financial law" is losing its significance. The recent and impressive strengthening of the European financial legislation, the systematic importation of Anglo-American legal solutions, as well as the increasing delegation of the law-making to experts, all contribute to threaten the survival of a truly French financial law, distinct from other national regulations. Clearly, financial regulation is on the verge of a new international scaling to sustain the integration of financial markets and adapt to their regional, not to say global, dimension. More broadly, the modern methods of financial law-making tend to discredit the State as a relevant source to enact financial rules, themselves increasingly precise, expert and adaptive, while still quite political. Such is the key dilemma of modern financial regulation, bound to reconcile economic relevance and democratic legitimacy
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Bernelin, Margo. "Les sources du droit de la recherche biomédicale en France et au Royaume-Uni : étude comparative du concept de légitimité." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100099/document.
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La recherche biomédicale est un domaine scientifique et technique moralement et éthiquement complexe, nécessitant notamment l’utilisation produits et éléments du corps humain pour la recherche mais également l’emploi de données personnelles. En plaçant l’humain au cœur de ses modalités et de ses finalités, la recherche biomédicale est un domaine mettant en jeu des intérêts différents (intérêts des malades, des chercheurs, des entreprises et des États). En France et au Royaume-Uni, l’encadrement de ce domaine fait appel à des sources du droit diversifiées et revêtues de formes de légitimité particulières et plurielles, reflétant à la fois les intérêts en jeu et l’évolution des modes d’action de l’État dans les domaines que sont la science et la médecine. La présente étude vise à exposer et éclairer ces formes de légitimité en proposant une double comparaison : celle des ordres juridiques et celle des sources. Menée sous le prisme du concept de légitimité, entendue comme la justification de l’autorité d’une règle en dehors de toutes notion de sanction, cette étude permet d’offrir une cartographie novatrice de la dynamique du droit dans le domaineBiomedical research is a morally and ethicaly controversial field of scientific research as it makes use of the human body but also of personnal data. Therefore, placing the Human at the heart of its methods and purposes, biomedical research brings conflicting interests together (patient’s rights, researcher’s one but also companies and States’ interests). In France and in the United Kingdom, the regulation of this field combines divers normative instruments all depending on specific and plural legitimacy claims. Those claims are matched to expectations with regard to the various interests at stake but also to the State’s nature and function. This study aims at exploring and shedhing light on the divers legitimacy claims by offering a double comparison : a comparison between legal orders and between law sources. Using the concept of legitimacy, understood as the justification of a norm’s authority without any reference to a sanction, this study presents a renewed cartography of law dynamics in the field of biomedical research
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Ho, Dinh Anne-Marie. "Les frontières de la science du droit : essai sur la dynamique juridique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020084.
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Dans la science du droit, il existe des moments de tension épistémologique au sein desquels se discutent les représentations, les méthodes d’interprétation et les sources du droit admises de façon majoritaire à une époque donnée. Entre clôture et ouverture, il est chaque fois question des liens qui existent entre le fait et le droit, et de la délimitation des frontières de la science du droit par rapport à d’autres approches. Ce travail tend à traduire, en termes de dynamique, les choix épistémologiques qui s’expriment aujourd’hui dans la science du droit, et à mettre en lumière leurs prolongements sur un plan pédagogique.A travers l’analyse historique de la construction des sciences auxiliaires, de la réduction des sources du droit et des méthodes de la science du droit, il a été possible de décrire une dynamique contenue, que l’on a dénommée « dynamique d’autorité ». Puis, en s’appuyant sur certaines critiques relatives à l’interprétation et aux sources du droit, nous avons mis en avant les indices qui oeuvrent actuellement à l’émergence d’une science du droit produisant une nouvelle dynamique, que l’on a dénommée « dynamique de discussion ». A partir de ces réflexions, nous avons cherché à construire les nouvelles frontières de cette science du droit, ses principales caractéristiques, puis les méthodes d’interprétation et d’apprentissage qu’elle pourrait induire. S’inscrivant dans les débats contemporains sur la réforme de l’enseignement du droit, cette thèse propose, en définitive, la création d’un cours d’« Analyse dynamique du droit » à visée principalement méthodologiqueIn the science of law, there are moments of epistemological tension when are discussed questions related to representations, to methods of interpretation as well as sources of law admitted in a majority at a given time. Behind these subjects, questions concerning the relationship between fact and law and the demarcation of boundaries in the science of law in regards to other approaches are also raised. This work tries to reflect, in terms of dynamics, the epistemological choices expressed nowadays in the science of law, and to highlight their effects on a pedagogical level.Through historical analysis of the construction of auxiliary sciences, of the reduction of sources of law and of the methods of the science of law, it has been possible to describe a contained dynamics to be known as « the dynamics of authority ». Then, relying on the critics on the interpretation and on the sources of law, we have brought out the evidence currently working for the emergence of a science of law wich has produced a new dynamics, to be named as « the dynamics of discussion ». From these considerations on, we have tried to build the new boundaries of this science of law, its main characteristics, and the methods of interpretation and learning that they could induce. As part of contemporary debates on the reform of the teaching of law, this thesis suggests finally the creation of a « Dynamic analysis of law » course concentrated mainly on the methodological aspects
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Xenou, Lamprini. "Les principes généraux du droit de l'Union européenne et la jurisprudence administrative française." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020078.
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Dégagés de façon prétorienne par la Cour de justice, les principes généraux du droit de l’Union occupent dans la jurisprudence administrative française une place que peut expliquer la notion de dédoublement fonctionnel. D’une part, ce sont des normes obligatoirement appliquées par le juge national dans le champ du droit de l’Union.D’autre part, en dehors du champ, ils constituent une source d’inspiration pour le Conseil d’Etat dans la création et l’interprétation des principes généraux du droit français. Dans le premier cas, le juge administratif est garant du respect de ces principes.Fidèle aux exigences de la Cour de justice, il assume pleinement son rôle de juge de droit commun de l’application des principes du droit de l’Union. Dans le second cas, il devient acteur de la circulation des principes en Europe. Toutefois la coexistence des principes peut engendrer des tensions, accentuées par la difficulté à délimiter le champ du droit de l’Union, incertain et en pleine expansion. C’est pourquoi la thèse propose le déploiement d’une politique jurisprudentielle de convergence, dans laquelle le juge administratif affirmerait explicitement son souci de s’inspirer des principes du droit de l’Union. Ces derniers, combinés avec les principes issus de la Charte des droits fondamentaux, de la CEDH et des ordres nationaux, semblent donner naissance à une nouvelle catégorie de source matérielle : les principes européens communs. L’originalité de celle-ci, qui la différencie de toute autre source, est de constituer une oeuvre collective des juges en Europe, dans laquelle ces derniers puisent leur inspiration pour créer de nouveaux principes ou interpréter les principes existantsThe general principles of EU law, which are a judicial creation of the Court of Justice, play a role in French administrative case law that can be explained by the notion of functional duplication (“dédoublement fonctionnel”). On the one hand, the general principles of EU law are rules that are mandatorily applied by the national courts within the scope of EU law. On the other hand, beyond that scope, they constitute a source of inspiration for the Conseil d’Etat in creating and interpreting general principles of French administrative law. In the first case, the administrative courts are the primeguarantors of compliance with these principles. In line with the requirements of theCourt of Justice, they entirely fulfill their role as the ordinary courts applying principles of EU law. In the second case, they become one of the protagonists of the movement of principles in Europe. However, the coexistence of principles could trigger tensions,heightened by the difficulties in delineating the scope of principles of EU law, which is uncertain and rapidly expanding. That is why the thesis proposes the development of a judicial convergence policy, in which the administrative courts would more clearly affirm their concern to take inspiration from the general principles of EU law. These latter, combined with the principles stemming from the Charter of Fundamental Rights,the ECHR and the national orders, seem to give rise to a new category of material source: the common European principles. The originality of this category, which differentiates it from any other source, is that it constitutes a collective work of judges inEurope, from which they draw their inspiration to create new principles or interpret the existing ones
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Abdulghani, Mohamad. "Les sources infra-législatives en droit fiscal : analyse d'un désordre normatif." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1078.
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Cette recherche vise à traiter les sources infra-législatives en droit fiscal et particulièrement l'analyse du désordre normatif qui a lieu au niveau de l'agencement entre les sources infra-législatives. En effet, il convient d'abord de mentionner que la notion des sources est équivoque, et que la liste des sources en droit français n'est pas du droit positif. Un travail de délimitation du champ du travail autant pour des notions fondamentales que pour des critères de validités des normes a été indispensable.Le travail consiste cependant à démontrer que le centre de production des normes en matière fiscale a eu un déplacement vers les sources infra-législatives. La jurisprudence et la doctrine administrative fiscale, qui sont des sources interprétatives, se sont transformées en sources créatrices du droit. Une situation bien étrange vu l'existence du principe de légalité fiscale.Cela conduit à dégager un véritable désordre normatif à l'intérieur du droit fiscal. Ce désordre a été mis en avant par un plan biparti. Il a fallu étudier la position inattendue des sources infra-législatives en matières fiscale avant de traiter leurs positions dans l'ordonnancement juridique fiscal
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Masele, Mogundu Simon. "Entraide missionnaire internationale, une suppléance à l'obligation canonique de la protection sociale du clergé : étude comparative, droit canonique, droit français et droit suisse." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA111019.
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La nécessité de protéger le clergé, fait partie du mécanisme général de solidarité qui permet d’assurer une couverture contre les risques de l’existence. En parlant des risques de l’existence, nous rencontrons la question de la protection ou, mieux, de la Sécurité sociale. Nous prenons acte d’anciennes limitations posées par les premiers temps d’évolution de la Sécurité sociale qui réservaient cette solidarité à des professionnels, aux travailleurs salariés surtout.Face à une telle limitation, les clercs séculiers et les congréganistes se sont donc trouvés obligés de recourir, pours’assurer, à des systèmes conçus dans le cadre de la Prévoyance sociale libre. Il s’agit de systèmes qui fonctionnent à peu près uniquement avec les cotisations des membres assurés. Ils prévoient des conditions d’adhésion adaptées aux structures de l’Eglise et respectent les règles canoniques par le consensus mutualiste. Ce régime mutualiste était conçu dans un cadre national, parce qu’il ne concernait au début que les prêtres du clergé diocésain dont les problèmes s’inscrivaient justement dans ce cadre. Mais ces institutions mutualistes nationalesse sont parfois ouvertes aux membres du clergé régulier, missionnaire. C’est le cas de l’adhésion de nombreux instituts religieux à la Mutuelle Saint-Martin du clergé diocésain en France. Toutefois, la création de la mutuelle Saint-Martin et son ouverture aux religieux et religieuses n’a résolu que partiellement la question concernant les religieux et religieuses. Car certains membres de cette catégorie des ministres du culte catholique romain exercent leur ministère partout où la mission de l’Eglise les attend. Pour résoudre ce nouvel écueil, il est apparu nécessaire à la conférence des Supérieurs Majeurs de mettre en place une autre structure capable de prendre en charge également les missionnaires. C’est le rôle que va assumer désormais l’Entraide Missionnaire Internationale, bien que la vie religieuse soit en elle-même une structure de Protection socialeThe need to protect the clergy belongs to the general mechanism of solidarity that provides a coveragainst the risks of existence. The expression “risks of existence” implies the question of protection or, better, ofsocial Security. We take note of the old limitations posed by the first periods of the development of socialSecurity which reserved that solidarity to professionals, particularly, to remunerated workers.Faced with such a limitation, both the secular clergy and Order members were obliged to resort, in order toinsure their lives, to systems conceived in the framework of free social insurance. This is about systems thatfunction almost exclusively with contributions from insured members. They provide subscription conditionsadapted to the structures of the Church and respect the canonical rules by mutual benefit society consensus. Thismutual regime was conceived in a national framework, because, in the beginning, it concerned only priests fromthe diocesan clergy whose problems were fitted into this framework. But these national mutual institutions haveoften been open to members of the regular and missionary clergy. Such is the case of the subscription ofnumerous religious institutions to Saint-Martin Mutual of the diocesan clergy in France. However, the creationof Saint-Martin Mutual and its opening up to male and female religious has only partly solved the questionconcerning the religious. Indeed, some members of this category of ministers of the Roman Catholic cultexercise their ministry wherever the mission of the Church expects them. To solve this new stumbling block, ithas appeared necessary to the Major Superiors Conference to create another structure able to take alsomissionaries in charge. Such is the role that the International Missionary Mutual Aid henceforth fulfils, thoughthe religious life itself is a structure of social Protection
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Drouot, Guillaume. "La rétroactivité de la jurisprudence. Recherche sur la lutte contre l'insécurité juridique en droit civil." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020072/document.
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La rétroactivité étant un mode d’application d’une règle de droit dans le temps, il convient de se demander en premier lieu si le juge crée des règles de droit afin de savoir si la jurisprudence est rétroactive ou seulement déclarative. Pour répondre à cette interrogation, il a paru nécessaire de définir la règle de droit comme la règle ayant vocation à être utilisée par un juge pour trancher un litige. Puis, pour savoir si plus précisément le juge posait de telles règles de droit, il a été fait recours aux règles de reconnaissance de Hart, invitant à regarder l’attitude du législateur, du juge et du peuple pour voir si la jurisprudence était considérée comme source du droit. La réponse est affirmative en ce qui concerne celle de la Cour de cassation. Il devient alors nécessaire en deuxième lieu de s’interroger sur la cause de cette rétroactivité. La théorie naturaliste, soutenant que toute règle de droit est naturellement rétroactive, et la théorie mécaniste, expliquant la rétroactivité par la nécessité pour le juge d’appliquer la règle créée au litige qui lui est soumis, ont paru devoir être écartée. Le fondement de la rétroactivité serait la théorie de l’incorporation, dont l’application aux créations jurisprudentielles et aux changements d’interprétation serait justifiée par la prohibition des arrêts de règlement. Dès lors, et en troisième lieu, comment lutter contre l’insécurité juridique produite par la rétroactivité jurisprudentielle ? Deux solutions paraissent efficaces : soit permettre à la Cour de cassation de rendre des arrêts de règlement, soit introduire une sorte de référé législatif permettant à la Cour de cassation de demander au législateur de modifier la norme, plutôt que d’opérer un revirement rétroactif. Puisqu’il nous paraît opportun de conserver une complémentarité entre la loi et la jurisprudence, seule la création d’un référé-suggestion semble être une solution satisfaisante au problème de la rétroactivité de la jurisprudenceAs retroactivity constitutes an application process of the law in time, it is worth first asking whether a judge's rulings are considered as a rule of law whether such case law is retroactive or declarative. To answer this question, it seemed necessary to define the rule of law as the rule that is intended to be used by a judge to settle a dispute. Then, to check whether the judge do make such rules of law, the Hart recognition rules were applied, inviting us to look at the attitude of the legislator, the judge and of the people to see if case law was considered as a source of law. The answer is yes with respect to the French Supreme Court's case law (Cour de cassation). It then becomes necessary to question the cause of this retroactivity. The naturalistic theory, which provides that any rule of law is naturally retroactive; and the mechanistic theory which justifies retroactivity by the need for the judge to apply the rule created by its ruling to the dispute brought before him had to be excluded. The basis of retroactivity would be the incorporation theory, the application of which to case law as well as to changes in interpretation would be justified by the prohibition of regulatory judgements (arrêts de règlement). Therefore one may wonder how to avoid the legal uncertainty produced by the retroactivity of case law ? Two solutions seem to be effective: either to enable the French Supreme Court to make regulatory judgements, or to introduce a kind of legislative summary proceedings enabling the French Supreme Court to request from the legislator to amend the rule, instead of creating a retroactive overruling decision. As it seems appropriate to maintain the complementarity between statutory law and case law, the creation of a legislative summary proceeding appears to be the only satisfying solution to the case law retroactivity issue
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Parramon, Marie. "Regulation of land-based marine pollution in South Africa and France [electronic resource] / by Marie Parramon." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5229.
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The South African coastal and marine environment is an essential ecologic and
economic asset. Its associated services and products are substantially contributing to
economic growth and sustainable development of the country. However, it is
internationally and nationally recognised that land-based marine pollution (LBMP) is
the most important single risk to the health and sustainability of coastal and marine
waters and the associated ecosystems. The regulation of LBMP at the national level
is still difficult and challenging. The issue of LBMP management has only recently
been introduced in South Africa with the development of the National Programme of
Action to Protect Marine Environment from Land-based Activities, 2008. South Africa
is only starting to consider the question of LBMP regulation. This thesis aims to
conduct a critical analysis of the South African regulatory framework pertaining to
LBMP in comparison to international best practice and the French regulatory
framework, in order to identify the key South African challenges in this regard and to
make recommendations to address them.
In order to do so, this research commences by providing an analysis of LBMP and
the theoretical foundations associated with LBMP regulation, as promoted by
international best practice. The study identifies and assesses the main regulatory
features to be considered in the development, implementation and/or assessment of
a regulatory framework pertaining to LBMP. These features will form the
methodological framework to conduct the comparative legal assessment between the
French and South African regulatory frameworks pertaining to LBMP.
This thesis then provides a detailed and thorough legal analysis of the French and
South African regulatory frameworks pertaining to LBMP using the methodological
framework developed using guidance from international best practice.
Finally, based on lessons learnt from the comparative legal study, this study
concludes with a set of recommendations for the South African context.Thesis (LL.D.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Faye, Antoine. "Les bases administratives du droit constitutionnel français." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020009/document.
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Le droit constitutionnel français a la particularité de laisser une large place au droit administratif. Tandis que le Conseil constitutionnel s’approprie des notions, des techniques et des modes de pensée issus du droit administratif, les normes constitutionnelles font appel à des institutions et des constructions administratives. Parallèlement, le Conseil d’État dispose de compétences formellement et matériellement constitutionnelles. Les conseillers d’État sont omniprésents dans l’élaboration des textes, notamment législatifs, et effectuent un pré-contrôle de constitutionnalité. Enfin, la doctrine de droit constitutionnel, formée en droit administratif, exploite des concepts de contentieux administratif pour analyser la jurisprudence constitutionnelle. Ainsi, poser la question des bases administratives du droit constitutionnel français implique de réfléchir sur l’existence, au sein du droit constitutionnel, d’une culture administrative de la discipline. Cette dernière provient alors, à la fois de l’histoire particulière du droit public français, qui, depuis la Révolution, a nécessité une jurisprudence administrative pléthorique pour pallier la discontinuité du droit constitutionnel, et de la construction particulière de l’État et de la nation, depuis la monarchie absolue. Le droit administratif français apparaît alors, singulièrement, comme la première et principale source d’effectivité du droit constitutionnel jusqu’en 1958. Cette pérennité interroge sur la relation entre État et citoyen, entre libéralisme et démocratie, au sein d’un ordre juridique français singulierThe distinguishing feature of the French constitutional law is the fact that it uses extensively the administrative law. The Constitutional Council acquire notions, tools and ways of thinking from administrative law, whereas constitutional rules make use of administrative institutions or constructs. Meanwhile, the Council of State has both formal and material constitutional abilities. Councillors of State are ubiquitous in rules redaction, notably about the laws, where they perform a constitutional pre-control. Finally, constitutional authors, instructed in administrative law, study the constitutional rulings with administrative litigation concepts. Thus, inquiring into the administrative foundations of constitutional law involve reflecting on the existence of an administrative culture in this field. This culture comes from the singular history of French public law, which required a strong jurisprudence to compensate the constitutional unsteadiness of the 19th century. Also, it comes from the unusual building of the State and nation since absolute monarchy. French administrative law then appears especially like the first and primary source of constitutional law effectiveness until 1958. This permanence brings up questions about the relation between State and citizen, or liberalism and democracy, in an atypical French legal order
Books on the topic "Ecclesiastical law – France – Sources"
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France. Recueil des actes de Louis VI, roi de France (1108-1137). Paris: Diffusion de Boccard, 1993.
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France. Recueil des actes de Louis VI, roi de France (1108-1137). Paris: Diffusion de Boccard, 1992.
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France. Recueil des actes de Louis VI, roi de France (1108-1137). Paris: Diffusion de Boccard, 1994.
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Burgess, John. Ecclesiastical law, ecclesiastical courts, and the Victorian Church of England. [S.l: s.n., 2000.
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Sitarz, Mirosław. Kościelne prawo publiczne: Wybór źródeł. Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL, 2012.
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Paola, Zanoli, ed. Diario politico ecclesiastico. Roma: Istituto storico italiano per l'età moderna e contemporanea, 1985.
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Kosta, Čavoški, ed. Zakoni u starim srpskim ispravama: Pravni propisi, prevodi, uvodni tekstovi i objašnjenja. Beograd: SANU, 2006.
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Les sources du droit de l'Eglise en Occident du IIe au VIIe siècle. [Paris]: Editions du Cerf, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Ecclesiastical law – France – Sources"
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"CHAPTER ELEVEN. France." In Information Sources in Law, 177–200. K. G. Saur, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110976410.177.
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"France." In Sources of State Practice in International Law, 187–206. Brill | Nijhoff, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004272224_013.
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Hertz, Robert. "Excerpt from “St Besse: A Study of an Alpine Cult”." In Anthropology of Catholicism. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520288423.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
The works of French sociologist Robert Hertz (1881–1915) are now staple readings in general anthropology. This study of the cult of a saint in the Italian Alps is lesser known than Hertz’s celebrated essay on the symbolism of death and sin, “Death and the Right Hand” (1907), yet it remains a model of classic ethnography. Hertz was raised in a devout Parisian Jewish family, studied at the École Normale Supérieure under Émile Durkheim and Marcel Mauss, and later became a critical member of the famous Année Sociologique group. The influence of the Année—its concern with theoretically driven, detailed, holistic, and integrative analyses of social phenomena—can be seen in his essay “Saint Besse: Étude d’un culte alpestre” (first published in 1913 in the French Revue de l’Histoire des Religions and translated into English in 1988).1 The essay is a painstaking, eloquent ethnohistory, locating Saint Besse intimately in divergent paths of regional history and local tradition, where Saint Besse’s shrine in a rocky Alpine overhang is, quite literally, embedded in the landscape. The essay portrays beautifully the independent spirit of popular Catholicism, especially in the flexibility of the hagiography of Saint Besse, which allows each community—whether mountain peasants or village dwellers, even church authorities—to lay claim to the saint through the qualities he is seen to manifest: the courage of a soldier, the moral stature of a bishop, and the devotion of a pious shepherd. The work is methodologically unorthodox for a Durkheimian, for Hertz not only draws on oral and archival sources, popular, local, and ecclesiastical traditions, but also has left his Parisian armchair for direct, “participant observation” in the field. In the Italian Alps, as elsewhere, a vibrant popular Catholicism evolves from pagan, telluric sources, sometimes articulating with official Catholicism, sometimes not. In typically Durkheimian fashion, Hertz describes the tremendous power of Saint Besse to knit together diverse communities of people morally and physically through collective religious devotion. In Hertz’s focus on Saint Besse as a material source and mediator of social identity we can read this work as a precursor to many other great ethnographies on Catholic saints (popular and more official), whether in Europe, Latin America, or elsewhere. But we can also read in the essay the political and moral vision of a socialist, activist—and Jewish—scholar who saw in a popular rural Catholic saint cult the vitality of community life that he might have seen as missing in his own social milieu of pre–World War I France.
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"Sources of Legal Language: The Development of Warranty Clauses in Western France, ca.1030–ca.1240." In Law and Language in the Middle Ages, 196–232. BRILL, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004375765_010.
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Morton, James. "The Secular Church and the Laity." In Byzantine Religious Law in Medieval Italy, 139–54. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861140.003.0008.
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Chapter 7 examines the surviving evidence for nomocanon use among the secular (i.e. non-monastic) church and lay officials under Norman rule. While far fewer manuscripts survive from these circles than from monasteries, it is nonetheless clear that nomocanons continued to be used not only by Greek bishops but even by lay judges and notaries. The chapter begins with an examination of the Italo-Greek episcopate, highlighting the significance of the bishop’s judicial role in the Byzantine church and the lack of evidence for any kind of influence of Latin canon law on the nomocanons of Greek bishops of southern Italy in the twelfth century. It then discusses two fascinating twelfth-century nomocanons: the Epitome Marciana from southern Calabria and the ‘Nomocanon of Doxapatres’ from Rossano. The manuscripts provide decisive evidence that Greek lay judges in the Norman kingdom played a role in the administration of ecclesiastical justice, relying entirely on Byzantine legal sources. In some cases, as in Rossano, Greek aristocratic families would dominate both the archiepiscopal and civil judicial offices, with the result that the family would possess multiple manuscripts of Byzantine civil and canon law.
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Garnett, George. "The Preservation of the Sources for English Medieval History in the Sixteenth Century." In The Norman Conquest in English History, 286–331. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198726166.003.0009.
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Chapter 8 opens with two events which took place in the summer of 1568: the commission to Archbishop Matthew Parker to identify and record manuscripts dispersed from monastic libraries, especially books with a bearing on English history, and the publication of William Lambarde’s APXAIONOMIA, his edition of Old English law, much of it in parallel text, Old English and Latin. The chapter then reverts to the dissolution itself, and who can be shown to have saved which particular books. It pays particular attention to the activities of John Leland, John Bale, and certain bibliophilic royal commissioners, most notably Sir John Prise. Although initial official interest in English history concentrated on the period of the conversion and before, collectors saved the great works of the twelfth century, and it was these that Prise envisaged in his will should be edited and printed. The chapter then considers the circle around Parker, most particularly John Joscelyn, and the use they made of the medieval English histories in their polemical works on ecclesiastical history. Parker’s editions of Matthew Paris were the first works of medieval English historiography to be printed, probably on account of Matthew’s anti-papal instincts. In counterpoint with all this concern for the sources, the chapter also addresses the Italian Polydore Vergil’s recently published and influential attempt to write up English medieval history, for the period in question largely on the basis of the great histories of the early twelfth century.
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Herrin, Judith. "In Search of Byzantine Women." In Unrivalled Influence. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691153216.003.0002.
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This chapter examines some of the roles of women in early medieval Byzantine society. It follows three particular avenues of approach, devised as a means of identifying the positions, activity, and authority of women in Byzantine society. The first is to pick up chance references to female activity in the sources written by men, especially those that occur spontaneously in narratives unconnected with women, incidental remarks, and stray observations. The second seeks to document the ingenuity with which women exercised their limited legal rights and is therefore dependent upon the case law that survives—the Peira (Teaching) of Eustathios Romaios is the outstanding example. The third approach attempts to outline the significance of ecclesiastical institutions and Christian beliefs for women, an area in which female subjectivity is perhaps most closely revealed. The overall aim of these avenues is to illuminate a practical reality rather than a legal ideal.
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Bloxham, Donald. "Renaissances and Reformations." In Why History?, 105–53. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858720.003.0005.
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The chapter begins with History’s place in Renaissance Italy. Then it shows how the historiographies of various states were influenced by tendencies in Italian humanism, as well as by the Reformation. France is accorded special attention, then more briefly England and parts of the Holy Roman Empire. Then the chapter addresses the historiographical battles that corresponded to the religious conflicts of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. These were battles of ecclesiastical History, centring on ancient sources. The polemical nature of some of the disagreements reinforced existing scepticism about the reliability of historical knowledge. Yet an increasingly bipartisan critical methodology developed, based on a combination of humanist philology and new palaeographical techniques, with established religious hermeneutics playing their part. Here the dictates of self-serving confessional History as Identity sometimes stood in tension with the demands of a proceduralist History as Methodology even as all sides agreed on the importance of History as Communion. The chapter concludes by addressing a ‘scientific’ seventeenth century for whose dominant intellectual figures historical enquiry supposedly had little use. Like previous chapters, this one addresses conceptual concerns of a general nature as they arise. Different sorts of contextualization are addressed, along with their implications for thinking about the past. Particular consideration is given to how a heightened attention to historical contextualization could be reconciled with ongoing demands for the relevance of History as Lesson for the present. Topical reading was one established solution, but another was resurrected with the ancient doctrine of similitudo temporum.
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Ryguła, Piotr. "Kryteria dopuszczenia dzieci do pierwszej komunii św." In Warunki dopuszczalności do sakramentów ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sakramentu małżeństwa, 43–68. Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/9788374388153.04.
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Criteria for the admission of children to First Holy CommunionThe subject of the article is the criteria for the admission of children to the First Communion. The author of the article – in accordance with the an-cient rule ex nihilo nihilo fit – is not limited to a discussion of the cur-rent regulations of the Code of Canon Law of 1983 in this matter, but tries to analyze the historical sources of the regulations in force today. The whole article is divided into four parts. The first one discusses the period of the first twelve centuries. At that time the practice of baptismal communion, i.e. receiving the Eucharistic Body – both by small children and adults – immediately after baptism, together with confirmation, as one of the three sacraments of Christian initiation, dominated. This practice was interrupt-ed with the implementation of the 21 Constitutions of Lateran Council IV, in which, for the adoption of the first communion, the legislator demanded a proper discernment of the person receiving it. This led – as the second part of the article says – to the postponement to later years oflife of the moment of the first reception of Holy Communion and the connection of this event with the pre-communion sacramental confession. The third part of the article discusses the decree of the Holy Congregation for the Sacraments Quam singulari of August 8, 1910, in which the ecclesiastical legislator defined the level of discernment necessary to receive the first communion at the level of seven years of age. Finally, the fourth examines the provisions of the 1917 Code of Canon Law and, in particular, of the 1983 Code of Canon Law, as the regulations that determine the criteria currently in force for the admission of children to the first communion of Saint John of God.
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Mortimer, Sarah. "Sovereignty and Reason of State." In Reformation, Resistance, and Reason of State (1517-1625), 178–200. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674886.003.0009.
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In the wake of the upheavals of the 1560s, new ideas about strengthening the power of rulers began to emerge. The central concept was sovereignty, first brought to public attention by the French jurist and lawyer Jean Bodin. Bodin wanted to defend the sovereign against external and internal threats, anchoring its power in divine and natural law but also giving him (or it) considerable scope for discretion. This chapter explores the origins and implications of this new interest in sovereignty, showing how it focused attention on the power of the ruler in relation to other sources of authority, notably the Church and the conscience of individuals. At Rome, Cardinal Bellarmine argued for the limits of state authority and for the indirect power of the papacy over magistrates, but other Catholics took different approaches. In particular, Giovanni Botero’s The Reason of State offered an approach to statecraft in which Church and state worked together. Meanwhile, in the Netherlands Justus Lipsius wove together classical texts, especially Tacitus, offering a route to stability and unity in a time of conflict; he acknowledged that conventional morality was sometimes inappropriate for a statesman who would need to adapt to the times. In France, Michel de Montaigne’s ground-breaking Essays combined personal reflection with subtle commentary on the world around him, as he sought to preserve his own integrity and maintain stability within his local community.
Conference papers on the topic "Ecclesiastical law – France – Sources"
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Petkevičiūtė-Barysienė, Dovilė. "HUMAN-AUTOMATION INTERACTION IN LAW: MAPPING LEGAL DECISIONS, COGNITIVE PROCESSES, AND AUTOMATION LEVELS." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact070.
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"Legal technologies not only create new ways for accessing and providing legal services, but also transform the roles of legal practitioners. Major area of the application of legal technologies are courts. Some courts, e.g., in Austria, are already using legal technologies, Germany, Brazil, France, Netherlands, Russia and others are developing legal technologies. Both lawyers and users of legal services expect automated solutions to outperform people with efficiency, objectivity and impartiality. Although perception of various characteristics of legal technologies is crucial to their implementation and use, research on the perceived characteristics of the automated processes in legal contexts have just begun. One of the major obstacles to this research is lack of comprehensive understanding what legal actions could be or already are meaningfully automated, and to what extent. The aim of this study is to map decision making stages, and automation levels, and information processing features of legal activities related to (pre)trial processes. Major legal decisions and judgments related to trial processes are identified during the consultations with legal practitioners (e.g., prosecutor, judge). Next, legal activities were described and arranged according to four-stage decision making process: information acquisition, information analysis, decision selection and decision implementation. A taxonomy of levels of automation (LOA) was customized to fit legal decision making and applied to describe each major legal activity. Lastly, dual-process model of information processing was used to delineate possible roles of intuitive and rational information processing taking place during (pre)trial decision making as they could be related to human-automation interaction. Automation level analysis provides systematic approach to interaction between humans and algorithms, along with some groundwork for the research of legal technology perceived fairness and acceptance. 10 legal activities which apply both to judge’s and prosecutor’s (potentially any other lawyer’s) legal work were discerned. The application of adapted LOA (5 levels) provided some insights into legal decision making as it allows to place existing technology, test the trust in technology threshold, and have more tangible view of automation in legal activities. Moreover, a modified hybrid default-interventionist model is proposed. It brings even more depth into analysis by specifying the role of “legal” and “heuristic” intuitions as well as the part rationalization plays in potential bias sources and formation."