Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ecclesiastical law – France – Sources'
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Deniel-Ternant, Myriam. "Écclésiastiques en débauche : la déviance sexuelle du clergé français au XVIIIe siècle, au crible des sources parisiennes." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100030.
Full textDuring the 18th century, thanks to the efforts of the post-tridentine catholic church, the Clergy seems to be better trained, more educated and have a more ethical conduct, as confirms the figure of the “Good Priest” in French literature. Various sources from the archives of the Bastille, parliament and ecclesiastical courts reveal that a substantial number of clergy members had a deviant behavior. Some Clerics transgress chastity rules and engage in casual or regular intercourse with servants, other men or prostitutes. They are subsequently closely kept under close surveillance by their parishioners, fellow priests, hierarchy or by the police. The corpus studied has permitted to highlight their sexual practices as well as the geography of the places of debauchery in the city. It also revealed the existence of several threshold effects and the ensuing scandals, court cases and repression, which were essential for society to be reconciled with its Clergy
Darras, Vincent. "Le droit financier français peut-il être amené à disparaître ?" Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020060.
Full textThe current European sovereign debts crisis is a good opportunity to observe the brand new balance of powers between national public authorities and financial markets. Both an actor and an arbitrator of the interaction between market forces, the State is increasingly following a competitive, liberal and internationalist approach to regulation that threatens its ability to remain the main source of enactment of financial rules. In a context of globalization and empowerment of the financial sphere, and under the economic imperatives of efficiency and competitiveness, the very notion of "French financial law" is losing its significance. The recent and impressive strengthening of the European financial legislation, the systematic importation of Anglo-American legal solutions, as well as the increasing delegation of the law-making to experts, all contribute to threaten the survival of a truly French financial law, distinct from other national regulations. Clearly, financial regulation is on the verge of a new international scaling to sustain the integration of financial markets and adapt to their regional, not to say global, dimension. More broadly, the modern methods of financial law-making tend to discredit the State as a relevant source to enact financial rules, themselves increasingly precise, expert and adaptive, while still quite political. Such is the key dilemma of modern financial regulation, bound to reconcile economic relevance and democratic legitimacy
Bernelin, Margo. "Les sources du droit de la recherche biomédicale en France et au Royaume-Uni : étude comparative du concept de légitimité." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100099/document.
Full textBiomedical research is a morally and ethicaly controversial field of scientific research as it makes use of the human body but also of personnal data. Therefore, placing the Human at the heart of its methods and purposes, biomedical research brings conflicting interests together (patient’s rights, researcher’s one but also companies and States’ interests). In France and in the United Kingdom, the regulation of this field combines divers normative instruments all depending on specific and plural legitimacy claims. Those claims are matched to expectations with regard to the various interests at stake but also to the State’s nature and function. This study aims at exploring and shedhing light on the divers legitimacy claims by offering a double comparison : a comparison between legal orders and between law sources. Using the concept of legitimacy, understood as the justification of a norm’s authority without any reference to a sanction, this study presents a renewed cartography of law dynamics in the field of biomedical research
Ho, Dinh Anne-Marie. "Les frontières de la science du droit : essai sur la dynamique juridique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020084.
Full textIn the science of law, there are moments of epistemological tension when are discussed questions related to representations, to methods of interpretation as well as sources of law admitted in a majority at a given time. Behind these subjects, questions concerning the relationship between fact and law and the demarcation of boundaries in the science of law in regards to other approaches are also raised. This work tries to reflect, in terms of dynamics, the epistemological choices expressed nowadays in the science of law, and to highlight their effects on a pedagogical level.Through historical analysis of the construction of auxiliary sciences, of the reduction of sources of law and of the methods of the science of law, it has been possible to describe a contained dynamics to be known as « the dynamics of authority ». Then, relying on the critics on the interpretation and on the sources of law, we have brought out the evidence currently working for the emergence of a science of law wich has produced a new dynamics, to be named as « the dynamics of discussion ». From these considerations on, we have tried to build the new boundaries of this science of law, its main characteristics, and the methods of interpretation and learning that they could induce. As part of contemporary debates on the reform of the teaching of law, this thesis suggests finally the creation of a « Dynamic analysis of law » course concentrated mainly on the methodological aspects
Xenou, Lamprini. "Les principes généraux du droit de l'Union européenne et la jurisprudence administrative française." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020078.
Full textThe general principles of EU law, which are a judicial creation of the Court of Justice, play a role in French administrative case law that can be explained by the notion of functional duplication (“dédoublement fonctionnel”). On the one hand, the general principles of EU law are rules that are mandatorily applied by the national courts within the scope of EU law. On the other hand, beyond that scope, they constitute a source of inspiration for the Conseil d’Etat in creating and interpreting general principles of French administrative law. In the first case, the administrative courts are the primeguarantors of compliance with these principles. In line with the requirements of theCourt of Justice, they entirely fulfill their role as the ordinary courts applying principles of EU law. In the second case, they become one of the protagonists of the movement of principles in Europe. However, the coexistence of principles could trigger tensions,heightened by the difficulties in delineating the scope of principles of EU law, which is uncertain and rapidly expanding. That is why the thesis proposes the development of a judicial convergence policy, in which the administrative courts would more clearly affirm their concern to take inspiration from the general principles of EU law. These latter, combined with the principles stemming from the Charter of Fundamental Rights,the ECHR and the national orders, seem to give rise to a new category of material source: the common European principles. The originality of this category, which differentiates it from any other source, is that it constitutes a collective work of judges inEurope, from which they draw their inspiration to create new principles or interpret the existing ones
Abdulghani, Mohamad. "Les sources infra-législatives en droit fiscal : analyse d'un désordre normatif." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1078.
Full textMasele, Mogundu Simon. "Entraide missionnaire internationale, une suppléance à l'obligation canonique de la protection sociale du clergé : étude comparative, droit canonique, droit français et droit suisse." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA111019.
Full textThe need to protect the clergy belongs to the general mechanism of solidarity that provides a coveragainst the risks of existence. The expression “risks of existence” implies the question of protection or, better, ofsocial Security. We take note of the old limitations posed by the first periods of the development of socialSecurity which reserved that solidarity to professionals, particularly, to remunerated workers.Faced with such a limitation, both the secular clergy and Order members were obliged to resort, in order toinsure their lives, to systems conceived in the framework of free social insurance. This is about systems thatfunction almost exclusively with contributions from insured members. They provide subscription conditionsadapted to the structures of the Church and respect the canonical rules by mutual benefit society consensus. Thismutual regime was conceived in a national framework, because, in the beginning, it concerned only priests fromthe diocesan clergy whose problems were fitted into this framework. But these national mutual institutions haveoften been open to members of the regular and missionary clergy. Such is the case of the subscription ofnumerous religious institutions to Saint-Martin Mutual of the diocesan clergy in France. However, the creationof Saint-Martin Mutual and its opening up to male and female religious has only partly solved the questionconcerning the religious. Indeed, some members of this category of ministers of the Roman Catholic cultexercise their ministry wherever the mission of the Church expects them. To solve this new stumbling block, ithas appeared necessary to the Major Superiors Conference to create another structure able to take alsomissionaries in charge. Such is the role that the International Missionary Mutual Aid henceforth fulfils, thoughthe religious life itself is a structure of social Protection
Drouot, Guillaume. "La rétroactivité de la jurisprudence. Recherche sur la lutte contre l'insécurité juridique en droit civil." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020072/document.
Full textAs retroactivity constitutes an application process of the law in time, it is worth first asking whether a judge's rulings are considered as a rule of law whether such case law is retroactive or declarative. To answer this question, it seemed necessary to define the rule of law as the rule that is intended to be used by a judge to settle a dispute. Then, to check whether the judge do make such rules of law, the Hart recognition rules were applied, inviting us to look at the attitude of the legislator, the judge and of the people to see if case law was considered as a source of law. The answer is yes with respect to the French Supreme Court's case law (Cour de cassation). It then becomes necessary to question the cause of this retroactivity. The naturalistic theory, which provides that any rule of law is naturally retroactive; and the mechanistic theory which justifies retroactivity by the need for the judge to apply the rule created by its ruling to the dispute brought before him had to be excluded. The basis of retroactivity would be the incorporation theory, the application of which to case law as well as to changes in interpretation would be justified by the prohibition of regulatory judgements (arrêts de règlement). Therefore one may wonder how to avoid the legal uncertainty produced by the retroactivity of case law ? Two solutions seem to be effective: either to enable the French Supreme Court to make regulatory judgements, or to introduce a kind of legislative summary proceedings enabling the French Supreme Court to request from the legislator to amend the rule, instead of creating a retroactive overruling decision. As it seems appropriate to maintain the complementarity between statutory law and case law, the creation of a legislative summary proceeding appears to be the only satisfying solution to the case law retroactivity issue
Parramon, Marie. "Regulation of land-based marine pollution in South Africa and France [electronic resource] / by Marie Parramon." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5229.
Full textThesis (LL.D.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
Faye, Antoine. "Les bases administratives du droit constitutionnel français." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020009/document.
Full textThe distinguishing feature of the French constitutional law is the fact that it uses extensively the administrative law. The Constitutional Council acquire notions, tools and ways of thinking from administrative law, whereas constitutional rules make use of administrative institutions or constructs. Meanwhile, the Council of State has both formal and material constitutional abilities. Councillors of State are ubiquitous in rules redaction, notably about the laws, where they perform a constitutional pre-control. Finally, constitutional authors, instructed in administrative law, study the constitutional rulings with administrative litigation concepts. Thus, inquiring into the administrative foundations of constitutional law involve reflecting on the existence of an administrative culture in this field. This culture comes from the singular history of French public law, which required a strong jurisprudence to compensate the constitutional unsteadiness of the 19th century. Also, it comes from the unusual building of the State and nation since absolute monarchy. French administrative law then appears especially like the first and primary source of constitutional law effectiveness until 1958. This permanence brings up questions about the relation between State and citizen, or liberalism and democracy, in an atypical French legal order
Balat, Nicolas. "Essai sur le droit commun." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020012/document.
Full textThis work offers a comprehensive study on the “droit commun” (approximately translated into “general rules of law” or “ordinary law”), a fundamental concept at the core of the theory and daily practice of French law. Contrary to traditional approaches involving the impression of a changing and variable concept (civil law, general theory, Roman law, European law, principles?), “droit commun” is a technical concept referring, for a given institution, to the legal rules whose scope of application is indefinite. This study also reveals the two distinct applications of “droit commun”; “droit commun territorial” (“territorial general rules of law”) and “droit commun matériel” (“material general rules of law”). The first application, “droit commun territorial”, although lesser known, is technically and historically primal. Droit commun territorial is specifically mentioned for in article 1393 of the French civil code (regarding the matrimonial property regimes), and in a fundamental principle identified by the French Constitutional Council in 2011. The second application, “droit commun matériel”, is better known but needs an overview. In particular, the section of the French civil code which contains articles 2333 and following (on the “droit commun” of pledging of corporeal movables), refers to it. These two applications of “droit commun” are the expressions of a summa divisio. Although both applications have similarities, they remain fundamentally different. The respective applications of “droit commun” do not refer to the same rules of law: rules where territorial scope of application is unlimited versus rules where material and personal scope of application is unlimited
Cagnon, Bérengère. "Les revirements de jurisprudence de la Cour de cassation." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3036.
Full textCase law reversal is an intricate ruling, frequently misidentified and recollected far more for the shortcomings it causes than for the improvement it brings. While the doctrinal debate on this topic goes back a long way and seems unfathomable, new methods used by the “Cour de cassation” open new perspectives. The Court may now speak freely about its reversal rulings. Thus, reading of judgements, organic doctrine, and preliminary work allow delineating the reversals and differentiating them from the other judgements. The reversal then appears as a transition between two states of positive law where the case law rules resolutely fits. This transition, justified by internal or external motives specific to the “Cour de cassation”, cannot be very clearly identified because case law, by its very nature, involves an element of uncertainty. Nonetheless, the use of a body of clues improves its definition. Once the reversal has been identified, its impact can be handled. For the past few years, the “Cour de cassation” has been remarkably adjusting the effects mentioned above over a period of time. However, this solution is not the only one available to magistrates and also insufficient to frame up all reversals in a satisfactory way. It is therefore necessary to draw up a genuine law on case law reversals
Duclos-Grécourt, Marie-Laure. "L'idée de loi au XVIIIe siècle dans la pensée des juristes français (1715-1789)." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT3001.
Full textAlso called men of law, jurists had a natural passion for this source of law in the eighteenth century, taking part in the legal and political debate of this century. If they used the traditional distinction between natural law and positive law, they mainly developed the latter, being the witnesses and the actors of the secularization and the rationalization of the legal order. Criticized for its divine foundation, the natural law lost its paradigmatic aura ; human reason was enough to understand it and to establish the positive law. The latter asserted itself on the face of the other sources of law as the expression of the royal will and as the means of the legal system unification against a controversial legal pluralism which was nevertheless persistent. However, as despotism struck this century, and especially the second half, the royal will was feared because of possible arbitrariness. The law, as its expression, should be placed under supervision. Jurists thus campaigned for the instauration of a judicial review of law conformity with extensively considered reference standards. The emergence of the nation, new political actor invigorated by the States General being called, renewed the debate. The nation claimed sovereignty and received legislative power, and the law, from now on conceived as the expression of the general will that connected individuals and the nation, led the way to French people’s emancipation. The French Revolution carried out this theoretical progress and opened the door to a long reign for the law
Pulice, Elisabetta. "Il ruolo della deontologia medica nel sistema delle fonti del diritto : un'analisi comparata." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100101/document.
Full textThe thesis aims at analysing, from a comparative perspective, the role of medical ethics in Italy, France and Germany. The survey focuses on both the formal and substantive aspects of the relationships between law and medical ethics. As to the first issue, the thesis analyses the codification of medical ethics, the normative function of the medical councils, the binding value of the codes of medical ethics and their position in the hierarchy of norms. With regard to the second aspect, the role of medical ethics is studied from a more substantial perspective, analysing the concrete interrelations between law and medical ethics in the field of biolaw. The survey is then extended to the disciplinary procedure and to the European level. In the first part, the relationships between law and medical ethics are analysed from a linguistic perspective, aiming at underlining some specific features of the concepts referred to as “déontologie”, “deontologia” or “Standesrecht” and “Berufsordnung” in France, Italy and Germany. This part also deals with some “open questions” characterising the relationships between medical ethics and the law. The second part concerns the codification of medical ethics, while its role in the field of biolaw is analysed in the third part. The fourth part deals with deontological liability and disciplinary procedures. Lastly, the fifth part aims at elaborating a theoretical reconstruction of the results of the comparative analysis, at highlighting the main roles of medical ethics at the European level and at suggesting a different model for the relationships between law and medical ethics in the Italian system
L’obiettivo della tesi è un’analisi comparata del ruolo della deontologia medica nel sistema delle fonti del diritto in Italia, Francia e Germania. Per tenere conto della complessità del rapporto tra diritto e deontologia, sono stati analizzati sia gli aspetti formali di tale rapporto, sia i profili sostanziali del ruolo della deontologia medica nel biodiritto. Nella prima parte alcune considerazioni preliminari e l’analisi linguistica hanno permesso di definire l’ambito di indagine e i profili di maggiore complessità del rapporto tra dimensione deontologica e dimensione giuridica sui quali nelle parti successive si è concentrata l’indagine. La seconda parte, dedicata alla codificazione dell’etica medica, ha messo in luce la varietà di soluzioni e di modalità di ingresso della norma deontologica nell’ordinamento giuridico. Nella terza parte sono stati analizzati il ruolo della deontologia medica nell’ambito del biodiritto e l’influenza di alcuni fattori particolarmente rilevanti sull’evoluzione dei contenuti concreti dei codici deontologici e sulla loro portata pratica. La quarta parte è dedicata alla violazione della deontologia e ai procedimenti disciplinari. Infine la parte conclusiva contiene una ricostruzione teorica dei risultati emersi dall’analisi comparata, lo studio di alcuni profili legati alla dimensione europea della deontologia e la proposta di alcune ipotesi di riforma per un modello italiano più coerente, flessibile ed efficace dei rapporti tra diritto e deontologia
Brenes, Vargas Rodolfo. "Contribution à l'étude des abus de la liberté d'expression dans le domaine judiciaire : étude de politique criminelle : l'exemple de la France et du Costa Rica." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D018.
Full textFreedom of speech is now considered one of the essential elements of a democratic society. Driven by the European and Inter-American Court of Human Rights, it has acquired a new dimension and has an extensive protection. However, despite its importance, this freedom is not absolute, it must be balanced with other rights of equal value and legal imperatives which also deserve protection. Traditionally the way of regulating and sanctioning abuses of freedom of speech was criminal law. However, the strengthening of the freedom has produced, inversely, a phenomenon of " gradual withdrawal " of criminal law, which is considered less and less as "strictly necessary" and is often viewed as a disproportionate mode of sanction in regards to the goal pursued. This thesis analyzes the relevance of the use of criminal law in the judiciary field, where freedom of expression is often confronted with the right to presumption of innocence, right to reputation, and the need to protect the authority and impartiality of the judiciary. The issue is studied from a criminal policy approach, which allows us to go beyond the field of criminal law to make proposals for new regulation and punishment by other means than criminal
Lainé, Julien. "Empirisme et conceptualisme en droit constitutionnel." Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL20014/document.
Full textThe issue of empiricism and conceptualism has been studied in administrative law. It refers to the possibility for academics to infer general and abstract categories from case law. Such reasoning by induction aims to facilitate the knowledge of administrative law, which essentially consists of case law. Studying this issue in constitutional law is justified by the changes which have occurred in the discipline since the birth of the Conseil Constitutionnel in 1958. Specifically, the development of constitutional case law has led to the assumption that constitutional law has a more empirical dimension and that new relations are being established between academics and judges. In practice, the alternation between empiricism and conceptualism in constitutional law goes beyond the relation between legal scholars and case law. Thus, this study attempts to capture the systematization of law in all stages of the discipline and whatever the sources. The analysis is not only following the changes in the mode of thinking concerning constitutional law by respecting a chronological sequence, it also aims at identifying periods.The conceptualism of the past, inherited from the first treatises on constitutional law at the end of the nineteenth century, has developed the main principles of French constitutional law. Since then, the evolution of doctrinal methods, throughout the twentieth and the early twenty-first century, in conjunction with the development of law itself, subjects these principles to more empirical approaches, bringing them closer to the reality of constitutional law. More precisely, three empirical periods can be identified. The first period emerged after Word War II and is described as “political empiricism” in this study. The second time appeared in the 1970’s and advocates a “legal empiricism”. Finally, the development of the jurisprudence of the Conseil constitutionnel opens the way for “case law empiricism”, widely discussed in this analysis
Quinart, Emilien. "L'émancipation du pouvoir réglementaire (1914-1958)." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2D008.
Full textAt the end of the 19th century, the Parliamentary Republic took root by exalting the principles of 1789 French Revolution and rejecting personal power. Following this ideal, the Executive’s power to make regulations is dreaded – only allowed when strictly subordinate to the law supremacy. In the 20th century, the situation has changed. Wars and crises caused an essential transformation of the activities of the State, which disturbed the exercise of legislative functions and republican ideals. This thesis aims to explain how, between 1914 and 1958, the Executive Branch recovered a power to make regulations, that exceeds the mere implementation of legislation. The data show that this emancipation process stemmed from both disruption of practices and constitutional violations, gradually establishing a new law – thanks to the influence of law professors and advisory departments of the Conseil d’Etat. This dynamic relied on the need for Executive regulation to protect the security and the continuity of the State. Progressively, that kind of regulation got an autonomous constitutional basis, and the Executive enjoyed an increased level of discretion to enact it. The result is that, already under the Third and Fourth French Republics, the implementation of legislation no longer defined the source and the scope of the power to make regulations. Finally, these findings allow to challenge the current understanding of the Constitution of the Fifth Republic : the articles 16, 21, 34, 37, 38, 41 and 92 should no longer be considered as “innovations”, but only as a formalisation and a systematisation what previous constitutional law introduced
Thurillet-Bersolle, Angélique. "Droits européens et droit de la famille : contribution à l'étude de la dynamique du rapprochement." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697011.
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