Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Échec scolaire – France – 1945-'
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Morel, Stanislas. "L'échec scolaire en France (1960-2010) : sociologie d'un champ d'intervention professionnelle." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0049.
Full textThis thesis deals with the "social problem" of school failure from the space of the profession al groups involved in its definition and / or remediation. This space is approached as a "field of professional intervention". We study its genesis during the 1960s, its structuration in the 1970s and its changes to the present day. The purpose is not only to consider epistemological controversies on the causes of the phenomenon and ways to solve it, but also competition between different professional groups or institutions whose activity is related to the care of children in trouble at school. Historically changing, such competition between practitioners nevertheless stabilize in multidisciplinary work organisation (educational, psychological, medical and "social") supposed to avoid corporatism and to permit the implementation of an appropriate response because global and concerted. After tracing the genesis of this type of work organization, the thesis analyze its effects on profesionnal issues, on the basis of a series of case studies conducted in three institutions for pupils academically deviant (an elementary school, a child guidance center and an hospital ward specialised in "Iearning disorders"). The ethnography of work (observations / interviews) allows also to display the plurality of responses to school failure as well as the technical and moral division of work of remediation in each of the three institutions studied
Jacquemart, Antoinette. "Les déperditions d'élèves en France 1960-1985 : ce qu'elles révèlent, ce qu'elles suggèrent." Lyon 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO20054.
Full textThis research aims at identifying how stable was the french school attribution of form numbers of pupils along the 12 level; for 27 years, the average of the last form number is about 13 of the initial one, in spite one, in spite of increase and reforms; the key ratio to national a local percentages is the number of baccalaureates to form numbers. Attrition seems so to be the relation between the structure and nature of the system and national numbers. But the out put, though regulated, depends on the structure of populations : locally the gap between best and worst reaches 15 pts on large areas to 28 pts (DEPRTMTS) and 40-60 on district scale. This raises two questions: what is the nature of the system? How and why does it depend on the influence of surroundings (economic, social, professional), specialy during the first 7 years of schooling?The second part deals with age, sex and social belonging of pupils in connexion with the system. In each social group, there are pupils fitting with it, but it is largely depending on cultural and professional levels of parents and schools; anyway there is a gap for 2 3 of the pupils, early enough, between our didactics and their types of cognition. This raises the next questions: how does brain work? What is the part of relationship between growth and the acquisition of meaning? What can we trace out of school bulletins showing off personal cognitive routes in skills and performances?
Rouault, Rémi. "La démocratisation de l'enseignement en France (1985-1993) : essai de lecture géographique des disparités du système éducatif français." Caen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CAEN1158.
Full textSchool delicratization is a recurrent topic of French politic debate. After an historic resume and utilizable official informations analysis, school system evolution is observed at three levels : national level, regional level and local level. Between 1985 and 1993, school failure is decreasing but democratization is not achieved. Even if pupil’s numbers reach demographic effectifs, large inequalities stay from a school to one another. Now main differences oppose schools in cities, democratization is not complete and educational system is dual. More pupils study longer, yet 10% of pupils leave school with a low qualification level. The gap is increasing
Carpentier, Claude. "Echec et réussite à l'école élémentaire dans le département de la Somme entre 1880 et 1955 : non-valeurs scolaires et accès au certificat d'études : aspects sociaux et pédagogiques de ce qui fut pas une affaire d'Etat." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H009.
Full textFailure at school emerged, as a social problem in France in the early 1960s. Between 1880 and 1955, the very concept itself did not exist, which does not mean that the phenomenon did not exist. If failure at school was not a political issue, local sources (the department of the Somme) give grounds for a critical revaluation of the theory of the "golden age" of the primary school. As for the primary leaving certificate, the crowning glory of the primary system, whose main purpose used to give social validity to what was the standard level of schooling, it served for a long time to divide the school population into the elite and the rest, despite a gradual process of democratization. Basing itself on the notion of the "epistemological obstacle", this study aims to bring out what it was that hindered the emergence of the concept as a social problem and also as an educational problem. On the former point, two categories of obstacles have been observed. From the political-ideological point of view, a belief in the need for social control expressed in ministry of education circles gave way, after the First World War, to an individualist ethic. It was the elite and not those who failed who interested them at the time. From the social-institutional point of view, the school system went through some significant upheavals. The goal of educating the people gave way to the democratization of the selection of the elite which was itself
Ramdani, Hacina. "Filles et fils d'immigrés à I'université : le cas lyonnais 1950-1990." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0081.
Full textThe increase in people following secondary education since the 1960s, and higher education much more recently, should not hide the fact that inequalities in accessing education are still very marked. However, some people have managed to escape from the mechanisms of educational reproduction. In the framework of this study, we have focused on these different trajectories. Our research is a monograph which aims at retrospectively following a cohort of immigrant children having accessed Lyon (2) University from 1950 to 1990. We identified the profile of these immigrant children before then "reconstituting" their school and university backgrounds so as to highlight the influence of educational democratisation, national and social origins, gender, the educational background of immigrant children on their future but also asked questions as to the role of the family and extra-family environment, as well as the involvement of these sons and daughters of immigrants on their education. University is an important, and even fundamental stage in life, but remains transitory. We moved beyond the framework of studies and looked at the socialisation process of this population in French society, and looked into their professional future and married life. We focused on professional circumstances which allows for measurement of the degree of suitability between university studies and inclusion into the labour market and then we analysed people's married lives and the impact of university and professional background on marital behaviour
Costa, Chantal. "La pédagogie institutionnelle en lycée professionnel : une praxis contre le syndrome d'échec scolaire." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100028.
Full textThis thesis is made up of research with a class of level five at a vocationally-oriented lycee. The main hypothesis is that institutional educational methods of a psychaoanalytical trend (Oury and Vasquez) tend to liberate teenagers from the syndrome of school failure. Our thesis searchs for the process of mending between a destructive past and a new future. .
Veuillet, Danielle. "Le devenir des enfants d'un service de guidance infantile : médicalisation de l'échec scolaire." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H030.
Full textPoirey, Jean-Louis. "Éspace géographique et réussite scolaire en Franche-Comté." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA1003.
Full textMalqi, Mohamed el. "Difficultés scolaires des enfants de travailleurs marocains migrants en France." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H069.
Full textThis study, based on a series of researches in "Touraine" aims at establishing, as scientifically as possible, the main difficulties encountered by Moroccan migrants' children, the reasons of these difficulties and the possible means of solving them. It also focuses on some major point of the analysis such as sex, age, socio-professional category and the level of education. It also takes into account other important points which are often hidden through they are as important : the migrants conditions of living, the way they bring up their children ; the way these children are taught at school, the relational environment and so on. There are the principal characteristic of this study that it attempts to take into account main factors which could have an influence on people's behavior in order to establish their functional hierarchy and try to find possible ways of intervening on these factors.
Lemonnier, Jean-Marc. "La culture sportive, scolaire et extra scolaire, des jeunes de 1960 à 1980 : désirs de sport et réalités institutionnelles et sociales." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN1592.
Full textIn a context of France’s economic growth and the development of mass culture, the 1960s to 1980s were marked with the blooming of the “youth” culture. The latter, through specific media, carried values and practices which were peculiar to the youth. From that time, the question of the confrontation between that cultural universe and that of school culture was raised. In the sport field as well as in the sport and physical education field, the following research study analyzes the cohabitation of the two “schools”. From the point of view of cultural history, this work exploits the files of a survey carried out in 1966 and high school pupils’ essays from the 1970s. On top of those two main corpuses an analysis of youth magazines and interviews with former pupils in the studied period can be found. The research study first characterizes the values, the relation to competition, champions and leisure activities which were specific to this “teenage culture”. Secondly, the focus of the study moves into the school institution and tries to grasp the conflicts or the attempts at bridging the gap between a school-patterned physical education and the youth’s expectations. The diversity of the definitions of sport makes the analysis more complicated still and entails a wide range of relations to sport and to sport and physical education as a school subject. One of the outcomes of the research study is to show how strained the relations were between those youth sport cultures and normative institutional realities
Cidalise-Montaise, Marie-Dominique. "Communication dans le système éducatif martiniquais et exclusion sociale." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGUY0850/document.
Full textSchool failure, delinquency, violence, exclusion, are the scourge of modern society.In 1950s Martinique a number of devices were put in place to try and stop or at least reduce the magnitude of the phenomenon. Juvenile institutions, health and social systems were put in place. Nowadays additional options are available such as specialized classes and other special educational structures. These systems unfortunately have resulted in the further marginalization and exclusion of entire generations of children, putting them under a negative light, against the core principal of the very programs that were meant to help them. At the heart of the problem is the belief that things can change. Our goal is not to portray social actors as if they could change the world at will, but rather to try and understand the interaction between the different actors. There are dynamics at play within the educational interactions and available support systems, which lead to certain representations of some of the students. The individual is inhabited by its cultural back-ground or layer. It is part of the biological being, brain and nervous system, part of his or her entire body, interfering with a number of perception patterns and actions. The cultural layer of any individual is actually the least detachable of all layers. The individual gets his or her sense of uniqueness, identity and everything that allows him or her to interact with the world and others from this cultural layer.When getting into further analysis we notice that the individual can become aware of his or her cultural heritage, of his or her representations or habits. The self-image that results from this awareness makes for a richer representation of the cultural layer which can trigger either high or low self-esteem. Our idea of our image usually clashes with the image received from others. Each and every one of us has in some way or the other been judged by his or her respective family, by teachers or other students in the classroom. Everyone feels judged because of his or her own actions, his or her appearance, or what he or she appears to know. Nobody can fully protect him or her-self from judgements passed from third parties, and in some circumstances one might attempt to use these judgements to their advantages, especially when they could lead to more empathy or acknowledgement from a third party.This is the fundamental issue of the educational relationship that would, by allowing struggling students to increase their ambitions by the way of higher self-esteem, allow for better success.In the past, some students were condemned by the system and led to leave the school system early. The way the teacher would perceive the student and poorer children in general did not allow the said student to go beyond elementary school and he or she would very soon join the workforce. Nowadays, despite mandatory education through age sixteen, the representation we have of each student can still affect academic performance and lead to exclusion. This is what we will attempt to explain through an experiment conducted with the different actors in the education field and the tools at their disposal.Perception, performance, success, failure are the different axes of a problem that leads to the predetermined judgment of teachers and the consequences of said perception on the fate of some of the students, keeping in mind that an educator’s main task is to do everything in their power to pass all students
Ben, Belgacem Saâdia. "L'échec scolaire et l'échec de l'orientation professionnelle : recherche sur les causes." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA082092.
Full textKergosien, Alain. "Les décrocheurs sur place en lycée professionnel : le rapport à l'école des élèves qui sont au lycée." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT3040.
Full textChacon-Avila, Luis. "Analyse d'innovations pédagogiques et institutionnelles pour adolescents en difficulté scolaire." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081243.
Full textOur problematical concerns youths in scholastic difficulty. In this senses, we have been interested in initiatives of struggle against the scholastic failure plugs by teachers them same. For this reason, we have wanted to know causes and proposed institutional remedies and in order that a detour by the history of the education was necessary. Furthermore, we have wondered the functioning of school and scholastic inequality causes. All along our research, our questioning has carried especially on differences of success of the various group social. Our objective was to seek in the historical evolution explanatory elements of phenomena that lives today school : the failure, the selection, the exclusion. These questions are linked to our problematical and our research shows that despite the different measure plugs all along the evolution of school having as goal the democratic functioning of the system, the exclusion is always present. Many research on the scholastic failure have been realized by taking into account a certain number of factors to majority of external sociological type to the scholastic establishment. Our work places inside the system to show that among factors of failure concerning these the affect have a particular importance for some youths in scholastic rupture. The plug in account of affective factors in the struggle against the failure allows, some disturbed youths, to have envy to learn, to recuperate the capacity to learn and to appropriate their apprenticeship. An other aspect of our work shows that difficulties to put in place a pedagogical innovation, such that the "module specifique de formation au second cycle", are linked to ideological position plugs of actors. We put in obviousness first the sum of difficulties to conquer to lead to well an innovation. Even if all actors of the educative act are agreement to participate in the struggle against difficulties, even if their declarations concerning the scholastic failure allow to imagine a realization of the magnitude of the problem, it results some that all proposal from action, mainly those concerning the affect, has to conquer enormously resistance, emanating, paradoxically, those and these that declare concerned by the problem
Reulier, Jocelyn. "Interactions verbales entre pairs et développement de la cognition chez des élèves en difficulté de compréhension en lecture." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT3009.
Full textRecent data indicates that a significant number of students at the end of primary school are not able to understand simple texts (MEN, 2011; PIRLS, 2006). Therefore, new school reforms have emphasized the importance of teaching reading comprehension in a social constructivist perspective and to develop metacognitive skills which are generally lacking in struggling readers (MELS, 2001; MEN, 2008). Following this perspective, the authors of the reciprocal reading model (Palincsar and Brown) have shown the relevance of verbal interactions between peers to develop metacognition. However, little research has attempted to understand how verbal interactions between peers can develop metacognition. In this research, the researcher intervened for sixteen sessions with five students in CM1 with reading comprehension difficulties. He initiated and supported the verbal interactions between peers to allow them to arrive at a metacognitive level. In a qualitative/interpretive perspective, he tried to understand the role of verbal interactions between peers in the metacognitive development. This research helps to understand the process of verbal interaction, such as metacognitive, between peers and to have better understanding of the scaffolding process lead with students
Dolignon, Carole. "L'élève en difficulté scolaire : étude de cas en France, en Communauté française de Belgique et en Angleterre : contextes et spécificités transnationaux au carrefour du vécu émotionnel." Lille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL30034.
Full textThis research interests school difficulties of the middle school pupils in France, in French Community of Belgium and in England. Firstly, I examine the "pupil's job" and the educational system in the three countries. The comparison of these three systems reveals the differences in the contexts. I have studied the way pupil make the knowledge their own, give it meaning, and process the experience. Secondly, I explore their emotional experience at school (motivation, emotional dimension, relation with teacher). The aim of the comparative study was to clarify the interactions between a large number of relational and emotional pupil variables and the school experiences. The purpose of the present research is to identify how pupils (on sex, country and school profiles) perceive their school environnment. 90 students (15-16 years old) were asked to draw the school and speak the landmark events which were to account for their school experience (successful pupils and pupils who have been confronted to failure with learning difficulties and/or behavioural difficulties and drop out). Within this trilogy (relation to school and knowledge and relation with teacher). I conducted a study of ninety drawings and interviews of pupils, analyzed under headings : relation to space and school time, relation with teacher and relation to the body. Between the three cases, I have established similarities and differences. I tried to find correlations between their statements and their school or school background. Parts of these representations are collectively shared : the results shows five metaphors on school (the war, the dumb, the factory, the hell and the prison)
Grenet, Julien. "Démocratisation scolaire, politiques éducatives et inégalités : une évaluation économique." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0029.
Full textThis thesis evaluates the economic impact of three of the most important educational policies that fostered the democratization of education in France: the lengthening of compulsory education, the definition of school catchment areas and the practice of secondary school tracking. This work's main objective is to measure the consequences of these policies on various forms of educational inequalities using French data: these include economic inequalities, socio-spatial inequalities and inequalities induced by the date of birth. We start by assessing the impact of the Berthoin reform, which raised in 1967 the minimum school leaving age from 14 to 16, on educational and labor market outcomes and compare its effects to those of the 1973 British Education Act, which raised the minimum school leaving age from 15 to 16 in the United Kingdom. We then perform a theoretical and empirical analysis of the interaction between school admission ruIes, residential stratification and educational inequalities. We develop a theoretical model to evaluate the properties of alternative school enrollment schemes (strict school zoning, redrawing of school attendance boundaries, school choice) and then quantify the impact of middle school performance on housing prices in the city of Paris. Finally, we carry out a systematic evaluation of the effects of the month of birth on educational attainment and labor market outcomes
Hazard, Sylvie. "L'action d'accompagnement à la scolarité dans le département de la Somme : histoire d'un malentendu entre acteurs." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0024.
Full textThe actions to support the school in question are situated in the departement of France : Somme. Those with financial support from the social administration are studied. This action is recorded in the social support contracts who have the RSA (minimum allocation). This is particulary angle of approach. The first part concerns the socio-historical context and institutional device to fight against school felure. The local version is studied, the device is managed by a national charter, 16 actions are considered at the departemental level, looking at the interactions between the different actors : teachers, social workers, youth workers, parents. The analysis of interactions is achieved, the perspectives on the actions to mesure the performances of each. The main issue is that the action is social or educational. The differences in perception is the basis of misunderstandings between actors. Indeed, if parents and professionnals agree on academic achievement for way to succeed, there are differences. The parents are judge : resigned, the do not have good methods for education. The are responsible of the difficulties of children. The action is the socializing action, the action is imposed on parents. The partenership does not exist. The nevels of misunderstanding and ambiguity are noted in the charter, in the operation, waiting for parents and professionals. Finally, parents are suspected to discharge when they believe help by sending children on the action
Ould, Ferhat Laurence. "Parcours scolaires, socialisation professionnelle, transmissions intergénérationnelles : le cas des bachelliers de la massification scolaire." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS021S.
Full textWhat should one think of the policy, launched in 1985, of “leading 80 percent of a generation to the baccalauréat”? One always hears people say that “the baccalauréat is worth nothing”. I wanted to know how one can arrive with a qualification believed to be worth nothing. In addition to historical data and national statistics, I have collected the educational and professional trajectories of “achievers of the baccalauréat by social engineering” (since the 1990s). This group consists of people who found themselves unable to go on to higher or further education due to an accumulation of gaps of knowledge during difficult school careers. I have taken into account both their educational and professional, subjective and objective experiences, reconstructed by interview. The “baccalauréat” is an intermediate; ambivalent qualification which, despite its devaluation, still constitutes a reasonable starting point for professional life, thanks to its value as cultural and symbolic capital. I have shown, by introducing a social comparison between middle class and immigrant working class children in order to account for intergenerational transmission of knowledge, how class differences at equivalent educational level alternate with generational resemblances. I found a “common condition of achievers of the baccalauréat” which reflects the landmark social changes (democratisation/devaluation of qualifications) and contrasts strongly with the experiences of the parent generation during the post war years until the 1970s (less education but better employment opportunities)
Bélanger, Nathalie. "La psychologie à l'école et l'enfance "inadaptée" : le cas de la psychologie scolaire en France après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H072.
Full textThe dissertation aims at relativising the commonly accepted notion that school psychology was necessary to the transformation of the school system in which access has become generalized and where the number of "children having difficulties in adaptating" has been on the increase since the emergence of modem societies. School psychologists recruited from 1945 on wards in order to grapple with that was perceived as a priority educational issue met with resistance from teachers not sharing this perception. With this divergence in mind, archives were consulted and interviews held with psychologists to account for the problematic development of school psychology in France as regards the emergence of the special education sector in particular. The conclusion shows, especially, the practices of school psychology and the field of special education whose growth was significant between 1945 and 1965. Which field each other and whose development is inextricably linked
Baudeau, Audrey. "La question laïque en France dans le domaine scolaire pendant l'entre-deux-guerres (1919-1939)." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H018.
Full textThe laic question in the school field in France during the inter-war period studied under the angle of the debates to the House of Commons makes it possible to reveal and to confront the thought of the politicians on this question. This research proposes a synchronic reading which makes it possible to confront secularity with various governmental times; and a diachronic reading and set of themes which makes it possible to study the evolution of the laic questionings (state education of morals, financing of the private schools, statute of Alsace and the Moselle. . . ) between 1919 and 1939. Our research is also interested in the bond between secularity, the youth movements and education perished and continuation. How the laic idea evolves during this time of political instability ? Secularity, far from being an immutable principle, proves a concept with the multiple forms rather. However, it is during the inter-war period that in an irreductible way this multiplicity of secularity ties
Maulik, Manas Kumar. "Adolescence and school failure : a comparison of school dropout in India and France." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE2016/document.
Full textIn last few decades priority has been given to prevention of school dropout which not only affects the future economic and social status of individual but also presents a huge problem for his family, his children and his country. In this study, we compare school drop in two countries, India and France, very different, but concerned with drop-out at various degrees.In chap. 1, we compare structure, history and functioning of education system in France and India, using significant factors like students’ enrolment, reading ability, economic status of families and resort to private tuition. We conclude with a brief reminder of the psychological development of adolescents and its impact on learning.Chapter 2 is devoted to the dropping out study. We examine the variations of its definition according to countries, its causes, external (dwelling place, cultural environment, parents’ illiteracy) and internal (basic skills deficiency, grade repetition, teacher expectation), its consequences (unemployment, illiteracy, decline of GDP, social climate disturbance) and its remedies (regular educational surveys, adult education, educational strategies).In ch. 3 we present the surveys we have carried out in collège Leï Garrus (Var) and Lakshmipur Shamidji Seva Sangha High school (Lakshmipur) with 15-16 aged students, on the basis of PISA questionnaires regarding basic skills and teacher-student relationship. We underline resemblances (failing in language and mathematics) and differences (drop out external causes, extra-school tuition). Finally, we emphasize the limits but also the need of the comparative approach, defending an intercultural perspective of education research
Schiff, Claire. "Situation migratoire et condition minoritaire : une comparaison entre les adolescents primo-arrivants et les jeunes de la deuxième génération vivant en milieu défavorisé." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0038.
Full textPetit, Ballager Frédérique. "Le traitement scolaire de "l'élève difficile", de la prévention à la précaution." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0010.
Full textHugrée, Cédric. "L'échappée belle : parcours scolaires et cheminements professionnels des étudiants d'origine populaire diplômés de l'Université (1970-2010)." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT3031.
Full textThis thesis analyses the French university graduates working-class students scholarship and career paths. The first part deals with the emergence of a student issue, which is gradually focussed on integration in the work place. Preoccupied with the immediately most rentable training courses, a lot of observers don’t really know the career paths followed by the “children of school democratisation”, as Stéphane Beaud called them. The second part then puts this notion to the test of statistical datas concerning educational paths and of an ethnographic survey on twenty two graduates students of Nantes and Le Mans universities since early 2000’s. It exposes the “high” part of this generation: objectively and subjectively, their studies appear to be honourable. Based on this ethnographic survey and on different longitudinal datas concerning integration in the work place, the third part analyses then their first jobs. It shows what is at stake for this working-class students: how to convert their honourable study into reasonable social upward mobility. Finally, the double meaning of the French expression “échappée belle” sounds clear: a beautiful breakaway, but with the feeling of a narrow escape
Goldstein, Eveline. "Résilience scolaire et santé mentale des jeunes de France et d'Israël." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3092/.
Full textIn handicapped environments, those who succeed in spite of risk factors are called " school resilients ". What is the part of education and culture or the part of the individual in this success ? Do the parents transmit the desire to get through ? 220 French and 240 israelis aged 13 to 16 were observed. Their success was assessed by an average of school performance and a average of social adaptation. We have observed the interactions between risk factors of adverse environments ans protections factors such as " adequate parental education " and " percieved mental health " by the adolescents. Our results confirm that scool resiliency is the result of multiple interactions between the individual and the environment. The resilient adolescent is affected by his adverse environment (parental and cultural) but he modifies his environment and constitues an active agent of his adaptation. A state of tensions might yield progress. The resiliency is an attitude, in contre reaction to difficulties. This attitude might be stimulated in pupils having difficulties
Ba, Abdoul Hamady. "Analyse des rapports entre les familles et l'école : cas des familles peules issues de l'immigration." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA083655.
Full textThis doctorate thesis aims at studying the relationships between immigrant Fula families and school. It examines the specific factors causing the children of those families to fail in school. The cultural feature named "palaagu" by Fula people often conflicts with the way French school works, resulting in misunderstanding between Fula families and school, which make think that such misunderstanding may also exist with other African communities. Removing this misunderstanding would require the teachers to be more well-informed about their pupils' culture
Bernard, Pierre-Yves. "La politique de traitement du décrochage scolaire : le cas de la mission générale d'insertion de l'Education nationale." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT3022.
Full textSome education policies are structured in response to the dropping-out problem, in order to develop actions towards early-school leavers, or youth at risk of early-school leaving. This thesis aims to analyse the unusual position of the dropping-out treatment in the French education policy, and the effects of this policy for the youth. It is based on a field survey of local managers of a Mission générale d’insertion (MGI), and about young dropouts who undergo the MGI programs. In order to understand the construction of this form of policy, an institutionalist theoretical frame is used, considering that the school system is embedded in a societal pattern, and analysing the justification of social action based on stable principles, called conventions. These conventions direct education policy in a certain way. In France, the battle against dropping-out is not obvious, because of the domination of the academic convention, in which students are competing for academic achievement. This explains the marginal position of the MGI in the French school system, and their difficult integration within the schools themselves. The MGI aims to orientate educational principles toward a relationship between training and the labour market, as others youth school-to-work programs, according to a vocational convention. Nevertheless, its real action is bring ing dropouts back to school, and access to certification. The MGI has a positive effect on both these goals, to the exception of academically disadvantaged students
Becouarn, François. "La scolarisation de premier cycle dans le Finistère depuis la deuxième guerre mondiale." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010549.
Full textRouillon, Laurence. "L'ordre scolaire dans les écoles élémentaires (1950-2001) : évolution des relations d'autorité entre les directeurs, les instituteurs et les élèves dans les écoles du Val-de-Marne." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0035.
Full textThis thesis treats the subject of the evolution of relations of authority in elementary schools since 1950. It describes the order in the school system which existed in 1950 and analyses the changes that have occured since the 1970's. It presents the structural and conjunctural factors that have contributed to this evolution and which have lead to the simultaneous liberation of the teachers from under the authority of the directors and the profound transformation of the disciplinary control over the students. The modification of teachers disciplinary practises has given rise to a differential order in the school system, which varies according to the social recruitment of the schools and the teachers themselves. It has also contributed in making discipline more difficult in lower-income neighbourhoods. But studies conducted in schools and in the classrooms have shown that is possible for certain teachers to teach in even the most difficult establishments without becoming overwhelmed by disciplinary problems
Pagan, Robert. "Refus scolaire, symptôme d'échec intégratif : le cas d'enfants et d'adolescents placés en institution spécialisée." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0026.
Full textSceaux, Catherine. "Les classes de perfectionnement depuis 1945. Genese,enjeux ideologiques,evolution des institutions, responsabilites des acteurs." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA054021.
Full textVivent, Céline. "La lutte contre le décrochage scolaire : de l’initiative locale à l’expérimentation sociale." Caen, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01424257.
Full textThe experimental approach is not completely new in France, in the field of public action, especially for the implementation of social programs. However, the experimental design knew a particular development with the 2008’ law generalizing the “revenu de solidarité active” –rSa, Active Solidarity Income – and the creation of the “Fonds d’Expérimentations pour la Jeunesse” – (FEJ, Fund of experiments for youth) which aimed at steering projects in favour of young people, among which those targeted at early school leavers. Innovation lies in the fact that social scientists steer these projects during the evaluation process. As social experiments aim at enhancing local initiatives in order to point out their utility and their ability to be generalised, one may wonder if they will allow the creation of new intermediate areas, which would make possible for the concerned actors (working in the area of social action or schooling, policy makers) to elaborate collectively common rules and solutions, whereas their fields of intervention are usually compartmentalized. While reminding that the issue of early school leaving is altogether a social, educational and political issue, this thesis tries to draw some transversal outlines out of four social experiments built for the struggle against drop-outing. Arising intermediate areas make appear four dimensions of the fight against early school leaving: the share of a definition of the prioritized public; the unequal spatial distribution of the social factors influencing the risk of dropping out; the individual timing of the “back-to-school” process; lastly the share of information relative to early leavers
Bruliard, Luc. "Transformation du système scolaire et innovation de la pédagogie Freinet : l'exemple de la Commission enseignement spécialisé de l'Institut coopératif de l'école moderne (1945-1993)." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20901.
Full textThis research aims at studying the publications from a french group of teachers belonging to the ICEM Freinet teaching methods, they met under the name of the "Commission enseignement spécialisé de l'ICEM". The study of the publications enables us to grasp the way specialized training in France is understood. These teachers are trying to cope with the structural and teaching changes in specialized training. The members of the commission belong to the Freinet approach. They actively take part in the changing teaching methods by introducing clinical psychology, psychoanalysis and sociology. This commission is part and parcel of this transformation. All these new data given by the publications dialing with specialized training (articles in specialized magazines) contribue to knowing the teachers involved in the transformation of the system of education. Actually the vole of the commission regarding the transformation of the system of education is not important whereas as far as teaching is concerned new trends have been observed
Daverne, Carole. "Echec scolaire ou déclassement des classes favorisées ? : recherche sur des "héritiers...déshérités"." Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUEL441.
Full textOur research shows that academic difficulties and social downgrading can be found in classes that are favoured with cultural and social stock. We question the reasons why this cultural stock is not transmitted where it is expected to be. We have approached both quantitatively and qualitatively, led with secondary school students and adults who have experienced a " failure " situation. The notion of " failure " here refers to a standard of achievement that is desired and/or expected but could not be reached. We have made it obvious that the people investigated about are heirs : not only do they own a social and linguistic stock, but also an embodied cultural stock they can't get rid of. Nevertheless, if denying the inheritage faces with limits, upholding the whole family inheritage through generations passing cannot be taken for granted. Family, the educational system, the relationship patterns or the social evolution and the time of youth may impede the process
Schwarte, Christiane. "Le Plan Briand d'Union européenne : de sa genèse au Quai d'Orsay à son échec dans la diplomatie des Grandes puissances européennes (1929-1931)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003IEPP0019.
Full textPoullaouec, Tristan. "La grande transformation : familles ouvrières, école et insertion professionnelle, 1960-2000." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS010S.
Full textThis thesis analyses how working-class families have adapted their strategies of reproduction since the sixties, following the transformations undergone by school and labor market. The first part studies why most workers now aspire to see their children access executive jobs. More and more, their wish is even to see their children succeed in the profession of their choice, provided they do well in their studies. This is no less than a cultural revolution: parents now put all their hopes in school outcomes, rally in support of their children's school work, and engage in steering them towards general secondary schools. Depending on the quality of primary school apprenticeships, three different types of educational paths stand out: successful careers involving students who get through their “bac general” diploma without repeating a grade, unsuccessful careers involving students who leave school early or with no diploma, and in between, a diversity of median careers, from difficult to mediocre. The second part shows how the transition to work of those children growing up in working-class families partly depends on the quality of their school experiences. The strategies adopted by parents who use their relations for their children to access employment, on the other hand, contribute to maintain children in subordinate positions. Long study strategies are then compared to the results obtained. Whereas professional education leads more and more to subordinate positions, degrees beyond the “bac” appear as being the weapon of the weaks: not only do they remain efficient to access executive positions, but they are still the best protection to avoid being unemployed and declassified
Allier, Agnès. "La construction de l'identité opératoire chez des enfants de CE1 : d'une taxinomie de l'identité figurative à l'identité opérative pour la mise en place d'un diagnostic." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/allier_a.
Full textThe aim of this research is to understand how pupils defined as "being without learning disabilities", suddenly do not adapt when faced with the demands imposed by the CE1 (7 years-olds). The CE1, trough the impossibility of certain pupils to solve the new situations proposed wrill reveal, by plan of the performances, a dysfunction in the level of the competencies. We assume the hypothesis that the increasing importance accorded to various quantitative techniques (mumbers, length etc) require the acquisition of an operative reasoning following the development of the cognitive structures genesis. We have performed this study in the theorectic field of cognitive psychology and we have leaned on the work of J. Piaget and his collaborators. We have used some piagetian lasks to establish our manipulation, wich enabled the collection of data. This data is analyzed according to several aspects : the centralization of the difference-ressemblance, of the object or its criteria of the subject-object-transformation, of the perception-evocation-transformation, the causation, the three arguments of conservation. Thus we obtain various taxonomies that we organize genetically into a model that allows to situate pupils in disabilities while situating their thinking processes. This study should allow the possibility of setting up remedial as well as preventive actions
Ghoreychi, Rad Salari Fakrolsadat. "Confrontation des crises chez des adolescents : contribution à l'étude de la variabilité interculturelle (France et Iran)." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30035.
Full textSissoko, Tiefing. "L’état de la réussite dans l’enseignement supérieur : cas des étudiants de l’UFR SESS-STAPS à l’UPEC." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST0024.
Full textThe changing educational environment that has occurred over the last four decades invites us to rethink the issue of academic achievement. The metamorphoses of student population and organisational systems of university studies have caused important difficulties, especially on the access to university diploma and on students’ professional integration conditions. Given these difficulties, research, greatly oriented to the analysis of failures and student dropouts, has focused on the student issue in order to try to understand the explanatory mechanisms of phenomena observed in universities. Our approach breaks with this sociological tradition by highlighting the weaknesses, flaws and lacks of a population. It analyses conditions for success concerning students registered in SESS-STAPS UFR at UPEC University. This research focuses on the analysis of students’ path so as to isolate in a better way the explanatory factors of their success. Those who succeed are they really different from those who fail or quit university ?The elements of definition for success in this thesis and the collected data enable us to understand that university studies are far from being a foregone conclusion. It is possible to determine important successes of some students given to be underdogs from the start of the academic year. Our methodological investigation apprehends these different mechanisms working within academic careers of bachelor students
Cayouette-Remblière, Joanie. "Le marquage scolaire : une analyse "statistique ethnographique" des trajectoires des enfants de classes populaires à l'Ecole." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0060.
Full textMass education has changed the role school plays in life cycles since the 1980's. However, students from low socio-economic backgrounds are still more likely to drop out from school than students from privileged milieus, and less likely to get the most prestigious credentials. This dissertation thus explores: (1) why and how lower-class students fail or succeed at school in the age of mass education, and (2) what a new and prolonged socialization period at school me ans for these students -in terms of schemes of perception, but also of social dispositions. This thesis draws on original and rich materials (notably individual school files), and on a new analytical method, which relies on what 1 cali "ethnographical statistics". Namely, 1 use school records to get a fine-grained perspective on the school and professional careers oftwo cohorts of students, and 1 systematically confront the results to those of parallel ethnographical investigations. This method will be presented in a preliminary chapter. The thesis is then divided into three parts. The first part sets the social and geographical stage of the study. The second part offers a new perspective on the development of inequalities within the collège unique. The third part analyses the social and institutional mechanisms which drive selection processes at the end of middle school, throughout high schools, and within vocational education
Lebrun, Bernard. "Les origines d'une éducation physique sportive scolaire : 1943-1950 : analyse à partir de la revue " Les Notes techniques de l'ENSEP "." Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN20006.
Full textAlthough physical education had been a medical discipline from the beginning of the 20 th century, after the Libération, in a institutional context favorable to the scholastic norms, the young instructors of ENSEP boys developed a new understanding of physical education as a scholl subject. An analysis of the contents of the journal Les Notes techniques de l'ENSEP allows one to understand the origine of this new method and to follow its spread. After 1945, the spread of this pedagogic approach was relatively swift. The weakening of Swedish gymnastics and the disappearance of Hebertism's audience aided its emergence. The creation of the Ecole normale for girls in 1946 and foreign influences slowed its spread without interruping it. The period betwen 1940 and 1950 was anbiguous, as eclecticists continued to resit. After 1950, this method of physical education spreads to nearly the entire professional world
Espitalier, Lydie. "La sociabilité des élèves scolarisés dans l'enseignement spécial." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10079.
Full textDorison, Catherine. "Les métiers de l'échec : face à l'échec scolaire la construction de nouvelles spécialités chez les enseignants de l'école primaire, en France, 1960-1990." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H051.
Full textIn 1970, the introduction of the psycho-pedagogic support groups led to a new type of work division. Regular teachers on the one hand and specialized teachers on the other : school psychologists, counsellors in psycho-pedagogy or psychomotivity, not in charge of the class of pupils. The present work tries to expound the specific conditions of the introduction of this new profession in the sixties. It analyses the deep changes in the way of classifying pupils' academic failure, related to a new acknowledgement of the notion of "mental deficiency", in the context of institutional rivalry between the French ministry of Health and the French ministry of National Education. This work also seeks to put forward the counsellors' effort to build a specific professional identity, as well as the link between the construction of this new identity and the proposal by the counsellors to their teaching colleagues of new interpretations upon situations of academic failure in primary schools
Munk-Farrugia, Maria. "Théâtre et culture fondamentale dans le système éducatif." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030014.
Full textUsing theatre as a tool for to master the French language, making the pupils discover how that language works thanks to a yearly project, the aim of which was the making of a theatrical text and its performance, was my objective when I arrived at the secondary school. However there were two obstacles, the first one is that school has got no meaning for the pupils, and the second one is the existence of groups of people who influence others in a way or another, and who behave as leaders. All in all, the pupils refuse to make effort, they are desobedient. Absenteeism, illiteracy and verbal violence are part of the school panorama to day. In 1995/197, new ministerial instructions give the French teacher a threefold mission : to teach the common language to lead the way to a common culture which gives access to citizenship : more than ever, the question of making sense is a central one. It is always to theatre that I resort. .
Matasci, Damiano. "L'école républicaine et l'étranger : acteurs et espaces de l'internationalisation de la « réforme scolaire » en France (1870 - première moitié du XXe siècle)." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://books.openedition.org/enseditions/3851.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the internationalization of the « school reform » in France between 1870 and the first half of the 20th century. The aim is to rethink the history of the "école républicaine", mainly written from a national perspective, by examining the interactions between the construction of the french school system and foreign experiences. The dissertation is organized in three parts and explores the complex system of exchanges, contacts and borrowings wich participated in the construction of the modern school system. The first two parts analyze the production of knowledge on foreign school systems, the construction of school models and the role of french reformers within the educational international movement during the second half of the 19th century. The third part examines the uses of foreign references and the impact of the international circulation of pedagogical ideas in the setting up of primary and secondary education in France. The last chapter analyses the evolution of the internationalization process during the interwar period, and more precisely the action of international networks and organizations in the educational field. By crossing sources of several national archives, this dissertation thus contributes to place the history of French education in the European context
Afiouni, Nada. "La gestion de la différence en Grande-Bretagne et en France : Discours et pratiques : L'exemple de l'éducation multiculturelle." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10089.
Full textKorsu, Emre. "Mécanismes et implications des disparités socio-spatiales et de la ségrégation urbaine : le cas de la région parisienne." Institut d'urbanisme de Paris (Créteil, Val-de-Marne), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120052.
Full textThis work is a contribution to the analysis of processes that foster socio-spatial disparities within urban agg and of the social implications of these disparities. It purchases the double goal of evaluating the contributions of spatial and non-spatial factors to the dynamic of socio-spatial disparities and of testing the hypothesis of negative extemal effects due to the spatial concentration of poor populations. Conceming the first objective, a number of studies has been developed in order to evaluate the role of three factors in te widening of the social gap between communes of the Ile-de-France region during te 1980s : residential mobility, family structure of households and economic inequalities. Concerning the second objective, a statistical analyse was conceived in order to determine whether ceteris paribus, youth encountered a higher risk of dropping out of school without any certificate when living in the poor areas of the Parisian agglomeration
Bouchami, Hamadi. "Les difficultés scolaires chez les enfants d'immigrés algériens." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H045.
Full textThe first part of this thesis consists of a study of the Algerian migration and school failure in France. In the second part, from a survey made in children of Algerian immigrants going to secondary state schools in the Paris area, it is demonstrated that among these children schools difficulties are more linked to the school and social environment than to the family
Mole, Frédéric. "L'école laïque pour une République sociale ? : crises et controverses dans la politique scolaire française, 1900-1914." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/mole_f.
Full textThe school reforms of the Third Republic in France, in particular the secularisation of schools, initially rested on a relative consensus among the Republicans. But at the beginning of the 20th century, although this unity and strength was at their height, the deep internal dissensions within the republican camp could not be masked. Opposing the Conservatives, the Socialists, the Radical socialists and the primary school teacher trade unionists developed, in different ways, the idea that secular schooling from then on should convey new forms of social emancipation. In what ways did left-wing republican criticisms of the secular ideal contribute to this crisis ? How did the aim of a social Republic give rise to new conceptions of schooling ? How were hopes raised to believe that this institution could help overcome social conservatism and contribute to social justice ? The thesis, based mainly on a corpus of educational, unionist, and political periodicals as well as congress reports, explores the tensions and controversies within various networks. It examines the various conceptions of a democratic primary school: 1. An "école de la critique" – or a school of criticism – which would prepare pupils to be able to conceive and build a new social order ; 2. An "école des producteurs"– or a school for future production – which would adapt the school curriculum to the world of work and local realities; 3. An "école unique" or a unified school, which breaking away from the traditional divisions of primary and secondary schools, with would release the individual from his or her social origins. Finally, the thesis seeks to understand the political bases and the social aims of these conceptions, as well the inherent tensions