Academic literature on the topic 'Échelle spatiale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Échelle spatiale"
Leung, Andrew, Jane Law, Martin Cooke, and Scott Leatherdale. "Explorer et visualiser à échelle fine les facteurs socioéconomiques, l’accès aux boissons alcoolisées et l’incidence de l’environnement bâti sur les dépenses en alcool dans la ville de Toronto : démarche d’analyse spatiale." Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada 39, no. 1 (January 2019): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.39.1.02f.
Full textBlanchard, Elodie, Philippe Birnbaum, Christophe Proisy, Thomas Ibanez, Hervé Vandrot, Claire Chambrey, Vanessa Hequet, and Pierre Couteron. "Prédire la structure des forêts tropicales humides calédoniennes: analyse texturale de la canopée sur des images Pléiades." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, no. 209 (January 29, 2015): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2015.226.
Full textMakhsiyan, Mathilde, and Patrick Bouchon. "Sources infrarouges à base de nano-antennes plasmoniques." Photoniques, no. 90 (January 2018): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/photon/20189028.
Full textNiculescu, Simona, Philippe Fournier, and Alexandru Badea. "Area Sampling and Information Systems Applied to Land-Cover and Land-User. Case Study : Post-Communist Romania." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, no. 205 (February 21, 2014): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2014.9.
Full textMartouzet, Denis. "Territoires de l’action publique spatiale et espaces réticulaires individuels : imbrication problématique." Nouvelles perspectives en sciences sociales 4, no. 1 (January 13, 2009): 107–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/019641ar.
Full textRuel, Pierre-H., and Lucille Fabi-Girard. "Troubles temporo-rythmiques et d’organisation spatiale, et difficultés en lecture." Revue des sciences de l'éducation 4, no. 2 (October 9, 2009): 223–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/900076ar.
Full textBéland, François. "Les dimensions de hiérarchie dans cinq villes du Québec. Une analyse de stratification socio-écologique." Articles 19, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 366–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/055806ar.
Full textKOENIGUER, Elise, Jean-Marie Nicolas, Béatrice Pinel-Puyssegur, Jean-Michel Lagrange, and Fabrice Janez. "Visualisation des changements sur séries temporelles radar : méthode REACTIV évaluée à l'échelle mondiale sous Google Earth Engine." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, no. 217-218 (September 21, 2018): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2018.409.
Full textPostadjian, Tristan, Arnaud Le Bris, Hichem Sahbi, and Clément Mallet. "Classification à très large échelle d'images satellites à très haute résolution spatiale par réseaux de neurones convolutifs." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, no. 217-218 (September 21, 2018): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2018.418.
Full textRévillion, Christophe, Erwan Lagadec, Gildas Le Minter, Nadine Dessay, Vanina Guernier, Aurélie Sand, Pablo Tortosa, Koussay Dellagi, and Vincent Herbreteau. "Utilisation de la très haute résolution spatiale pour la caractérisation des habitats de rongeurs, vecteurs de zoonoses à la Réunion." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, no. 209 (January 29, 2015): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2015.212.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Échelle spatiale"
Beaulne, Jean-Sébastien. "Analyse spatiale et multi-échelle de la distribution des bactéries dans le sol et les sédiments." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0037/document.
Full textThe bacteria have colonized all the niches of the planet. Specifically, soils are home of the largest terrestrial biodiversity, microbial fauna. This great diversity of bacteria and their relative ubiquity make it difficult to idendified variables driving the spatial distribution of bacteria living in the soil. As soil bacteria play a significant role in the main global biogeochemical cycles, it is important to better understand the variables that can influence bacterial composition of soils. In this thesis, we hypothesize that heterogeneity of the bacterial community composition appears at the same scale level as the heterogeneity of soil physicochemical properties. In order to understand the relationship of bacterial composition of soils (from core experiment to field study in large region in the northern France) and soil factors at different spatial scales, we will use an approach coupling GIS tools, soil physico-chemical analysis and 16S rRNA gene NGS. With Three set of experiment we will answer three questions: Can a uniform environmental pressure at a larger scale (cm) overcome microbial micro-scale heterogeneity? Are geographical gradients strong drivers of the microbial community structure at the scale of the gradient? Do large-scale geographical features that integrate groups of parameters model the differences in microbial community structure for an entire region?
Genadot, Alexandre. "Étude multi-échelle de modèles probabilistes pour les systèmes excitables avec composante spatiale." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00905886.
Full textGenadot, Alexandre. "Etude multi-échelle de modèles probabilistes pour les systèmes excitables avec composante spatiale." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066531.
Full textThe purpose of the present thesis is the mathematical study of probabilistic models for the generation and propagation of an action potential in neurons and more generally of stochastic models for excitable cells. Indeed, we want to study the effect of noise on multiscale spatially extended excitable systems. We address the intrinsic as well as the extrinsic source of noise in such systems. To study the intrinsic or internal noise, we consider Hilbert-valued Piecewise Deterministic Markov Processes (PDMPs). We are interested in the multiscale and long time behavior of these processes. In a first part, we study the case where the fast component is a discrete component of the PDMP. We prove a limit theorem when the speed of the fast component is accelerated. Then, we study the fluctuations of the multiscale model around the averaged one and show that the fluctuations areGaussians through the proof of a Central Limit Theorem. In a second part, we consider the case where the fast component is itself a PDMP. This requires knowledge about the invariant measure of Hilbert-valued PDMPs. We show the existence and uniqueness of an invariant measure and the exponential convergence of the process toward this measure. To study the extrinsic or external noise, we consider systems of Stochastic Partial Differential Equations (SPDEs) driven by colored noises. We analyze numerical schemes based on finite differences in time and finite elements in space
Chifflet, Rémy. "Faune pollinisatrice, paysage et échelle spatiale des flux de pollen chez brassica napus l. (brassicaceae)." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633180.
Full textNzeukou, Takougang Armand Cyrille. "Variabilité spatiale à moyenne échelle des conditions de propagation des micro-ondes dans les précipitations." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30011.
Full textDelahaye, Alexandre. "Classification multi-échelle d'images à très haute résolution spatiale basée sur une nouvelle approche texturale." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8935.
Full textAbstract : Classifying remote sensing images is an increasingly difficult task due to the availability of very high spatial resolution (VHSR) data. The amount of details in such images is a major obstacle to the use of spectral classification methods as well as most textural classification algorithms, including statistical methods. However, structural methods offer an interesting alternative to this issue: these object-oriented approaches focus on analyzing the structure of an image in order to interpret its meaning. In the first part of this thesis, we propose a new algorithm belonging to this category: KPC (KeyPoint-based Classification). KPC is based on keypoint detection and analysis and offers an efficient answer to the issue of classifying VHSR images. Tests led on artificial and real remote sensing images have proven its discriminating power. Furthermore, many studies have proven that evidential fusion (based on Dempster-Shafer theory) is well-suited to remote sensing images because of its ability to handle abstract concepts such as ambiguity and uncertainty. However, few studies did focus on the application of this theory to complex textural data such as structural data. This issue is dealt with in the second part of this thesis; we focused on fusing multiscale KPC classifications with the help of Dempster-Shafer theory. Tests have shown that this multi-scale approach leads to an increase in classification efficiency when the original image has a low quality. Our study also points out a substantial potential for improvement gained from the estimation of intermediate classifications reliability and provides ideas to get these estimations.
Dembele, Sidi. "Structuration spatiale de la biodiversité agricole dans la zone cotonnière du Mali." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC046.
Full textThe diversity of cropping systems and varieties plays an important role in the ability of family farms to withstand socio-economic and environmental shocks. For better conservation, this agricultural diversity needs to be characterized and monitored in space and time. While they were dominated by elements of price, area and production until recently, agricultural monitoring systems are beginning to integrate diversity issues. The diversity of cropping systems and varieties plays an important role in the ability of family farms to resist socio-economic and environmental shocks, whereas until the end of the 1990s it was considered as a limiting factor in improving the productivity of farming systems in varietal selection processes. In a situation of uncertain rainfall, to reduce the risk of this hazard, farmers use several species and varieties to survive and produce through all the hazards encountered. The peasant strategy consists in cultivating several varieties with different agronomic characteristics (early maturity, yield, resistance to diseases, parasites and drought, etc.) and culinary in the same field or in different fields. This strategy allows farmers to cultivate the varieties best suited to the soil conditions of their fields and to meet their diverse needs.It is in this context that this thesis focuses on the spatial structuring of agrobiodiversity in the cotton zone. To achieve this objective, several methods and approaches have been used. The approach adopted combines the digital analysis of satellite imagery and the use of data from field surveys. The analysis of these data is based on the spatial distribution of biodiversity and its correlation with agro-ecological practices and conditions, agronomic performance and performance.The main results from the analysis of the study data are:a) There is a great heterogeneity and diversity of landscapes in the cotton zone of Mali-Sud with a total of eleven (11) landscape units;b) There is great diversity at the specific level and in cropping systems. The mean values of the most specific indicator of diversity are recorded in villages where the mean rainfall is between 700 and 1000 mm of water followed by villages of less than 700 mm;c) The specific pressure indicator shows a geographical distribution of the pressures of the different crop species. Indeed, in villages where cotton is at the head of rotation, it exerts strong pressure on other species. In these villages, the cotton area is much larger than for the other species;d) For yield, most villages have average yields of cotton above the national average in 2015. Analyzing its evolution between 2013 and 2015, there is a decline in yield in most villages if this decline is very often sawtooth with increases in 2013 and 2014.e) The yield stability indicator shows that yields are stable with all species except maize.These results open the way for a greater contribution of geography in agronomic analysis
Bertrand, Joris. "Causes de la différenciation génétique à une très petite échelle spatiale chez un oiseau insulaire (zosterops borbonicus)." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU30078.
Full textOceanic islands provide opportunities for studying how biodiversity colonizes new habitats and speciates within. We studied a possible case of incipient speciation in a bird endemic of Réunion (Zosterops borbonicus). This species exhibits a colour polymorphism geographically structured at a spatial scale rarely documented for birds. We investigated restriction in gene flow along an altitudinal gradient. We compared patterns of phenotypic and genetic differentiation to those of environmental variation. Our results show that dispersal is extremely limited in this species. Ecological factors and behavioural may explain the small spatial scale of this divergence
Sémécurbe, François. "Analyse de la distribution spatiale des implantations humaines : apports et limites d’indicateurs multi-échelles et trans-échelles." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCC013.
Full textAs human beings, it is easy for us to judge visually whether a distribution is dispersed or concentrated. However, the quantitative formalization of our impressions is problematic. It depends on the scales of the chosen analysis. This dependence of indicators on scales has changed. It is initially considered as a barrier to knowledge, it now reflects the multi-scale organisation of the distributions studied. The central objective of this thesis is to investigate the limits and contribution of multi-scale and trans-scale indicators to the study of the spatial distributions of human settlements.Spatial analysis aims at comparing spatial distributions to a uniform distribution. The way in which spatial distributions move away from this reference is used to characterize the multi-scale organization of the analyzed distributions. The application of these methods to human settlements has not been satisfactory. The use of an exogenous reference is not adapted to distributions that are very unevenly concentrated in space.Fractal analysis used in urban geography considers that the analysed distributions are their own measurement standard. Fractal dimensions measure how the space occupied by them evolves across scales. This type of analysis requires a regularity between scales, the invariance of scale whose existence is not verified on all territories. Trans-scale analysis generalises the principles of fractal analysis to all distributions and makes it possible to characterise the unequal concentration of human settlements in rural and urban territories
Vaillant, Joël. "Etude de la résolution spatiale des analyseurs d'images intégrés, application à la caractérisation des imageurs à échelle 1." Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX3A085.
Full textBooks on the topic "Échelle spatiale"
SIMON, Guilhem, ed. Spectroscopies vibrationnelles. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.9782813002556.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Échelle spatiale"
Collet, Éva. "Frontière arabo-byzantine et échelles spatiales." In Histoire monde, jeux d’échelles et espaces connectés, 113–29. Éditions de la Sorbonne, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.psorbonne.24807.
Full textDUBREUIL, Vincent, Damien ARVOR, Beatriz FUNATSU, Vincent NÉDÉLEC, and Neli DE MELLO-THÉRY. "Les changements climatiques en Amazonie, une approche multiscalaire." In Les impacts spatiaux du changement climatique, 247–70. ISTE Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9009.ch12.
Full textMEUR-FEREC, Catherine. "Risques côtiers : des littoraux toujours sous pression." In Les risques et l’anthropocène, 31–57. ISTE Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9041.ch1.
Full textGaschet, Frédéric, and Nathalie Gaussier. "Chapitre 12. Les échelles du mauvais appariement spatial au sein de l'agglomération bordelaise." In Concentration économique et ségrégation spatiale, 221. De Boeck Supérieur, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dbu.buiss.2005.01.0221.
Full textMERCIER, Denis. "Le changement climatique à différentes échelles temporelles et spatiales." In Les impacts spatiaux du changement climatique, 5–24. ISTE Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9009.ch1.
Full textHonta, Marina. "6. Nouvelles échelles territoriales dans l’action sportive locale : un facteur d’innovation ?" In Les logiques spatiales de l’innovation sportive, 141–56. Maison des Sciences de l’Homme d’Aquitaine, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.msha.4207.
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