Relevant bibliographies by topics / Echinoida Echinoida Echinoida

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Echinoida Echinoida Echinoida'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Echinoida Echinoida Echinoida"

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M�rkel, Konrad, Ursula R�ser, Ute Mackenstedt, and Melanie Klostermann. "Ultrastructural investigation of matrix-mediated biomineralization in echinoids (Echinodermata, Echinoida)." Zoomorphology 106, no. 4 (October 1986): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00312044.

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Shin, Sook. "A New Record of Sea Urchin (Echinoidea: Echinoida) from Jejudo Island, Korea." Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity 24, no. 3 (November 30, 2008): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5635/kjsz.2008.24.3.323.

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Philippi, U., and Werner Nachtigall. "Functional morphology of regular echinoid tests (Echinodermata, Echinoida): a finite element study." Zoomorphology 116, no. 1 (March 20, 1996): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004350050007.

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Philippi, Ute, and Werner Nachtigall. "Functional morphology of regular echinoid tests (Echinodermata, Echinoida): a finite element study." Zoomorphology 116, no. 1 (March 1996): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02526927.

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Thompson, Jeffrey R., Shi-xue Hu, Qi-Yue Zhang, Elizabeth Petsios, Laura J. Cotton, Jin-Yuan Huang, Chang-yong Zhou, Wen Wen, and David J. Bottjer. "A new stem group echinoid from the Triassic of China leads to a revised macroevolutionary history of echinoids during the end-Permian mass extinction." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 1 (January 2018): 171548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171548.

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The Permian–Triassic bottleneck has long been thought to have drastically altered the course of echinoid evolution, with the extinction of the entire echinoid stem group having taken place during the end-Permian mass extinction. The Early Triassic fossil record of echinoids is, however, sparse, and new fossils are paving the way for a revised interpretation of the evolutionary history of echinoids during the Permian–Triassic crisis and Early Mesozoic. A new species of echinoid, Yunnanechinus luopingensis n. sp. recovered from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Luoping Biota fossil Lagerstätte of South China, displays morphologies that are not characteristic of the echinoid crown group. We have used phylogenetic analyses to further demonstrate that Yunnanechinus is not a member of the echinoid crown group. Thus a clade of stem group echinoids survived into the Middle Triassic, enduring the global crisis that characterized the end-Permian and Early Triassic. Therefore, stem group echinoids did not go extinct during the Palaeozoic, as previously thought, and appear to have coexisted with the echinoid crown group for at least 23 million years. Stem group echinoids thus exhibited the Lazarus effect during the latest Permian and Early Triassic, while crown group echinoids did not.
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Yamazaki, Atsuko, Yousuke Furuzawa, and Masaaki Yamaguchi. "Conserved early expression patterns of micromere specification genes in two echinoid species belonging to the orders clypeasteroida and echinoida." Developmental Dynamics 239, no. 12 (November 2, 2010): 3391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.22476.

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Jung, Gila, Hee-Jung Choi, Sejin Pae, and Youn-Ho Lee. "Complete mitochondrial genome of sea urchin:Mesocentrotus nudus(Strongylocentrotidae, Echinoida)." Mitochondrial DNA 24, no. 5 (February 11, 2013): 466–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2013.766181.

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ARACHCHIGE, GAYASHAN M., SEVVANDI JAYAKODY, RICH MOOI, and ANDREAS KROH. "A review of previous studies on the Sri Lankan echinoid fauna, with an updated species list." Zootaxa 4231, no. 2 (February 9, 2017): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4231.2.1.

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A comprehensive review and analysis of the literature on echinoids from Sri Lankan waters were conducted to compile an annotated list that integrates the existing published data with original data from recent research. According to the published literature, 115 echinoid species and one subspecies have been reported from Sri Lanka to date. However, the current study revealed that only 66 echinoid species and one subspecies belonging to 20 families can be verified to occur in Sri Lankan waters. According to the present analysis, 49 species were excluded from the list due to uncertain records (16) or synonymy (33) with other taxa known from the region. Of the 66 species and one subspecies occurring in Sri Lankan waters, 11 were first described from type material collected from this region. Six of the type specimens are “regular” echinoids and five are Irregularia. Out of these 11, Araeosoma coriaceum indicum has been recorded only from and appears to be endemic to Sri Lankan waters. However, 34 species of Sri Lankan echinoids have not been recorded in the last 90 years. Echinoid species recorded from Sri Lankan waters represent 6.7% of the currently accepted species of extant echinoids and include representatives of 28% of the extant echinoid families. Forty-five percent (45%) of echinoids recorded from the Indian coast (113 species and subspecies) are present in Sri Lankan waters. The current study highlights the need for systematic revision of echinoid records in Sri Lanka through field surveys and reconciliation of discrepancies in the existing literature. Offshore sampling is also needed due to lack of recent information on local deep-sea echinoids.
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Mancosu, Andrea, and James H. Nebelsick. "Paleoecology of sublittoral Miocene echinoids from Sardinia: A case study for substrate controls of faunal distributions." Journal of Paleontology 93, no. 04 (April 11, 2019): 764–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2019.4.

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AbstractA rich echinoid fauna within the middle Miocene carbonate sedimentary succession cropping out along the coast between Santa Caterina di Pittinuri and S'Archittu (central-western Sardinia) allows the comparison of faunal gradients and preservation potentials from both hard and soft substrata. Three echinoid assemblages are recognized. Faunal composition, as well as taphonomic and sedimentological features and functional morphological interpretation of the echinoid test indicate an outer sublittoral setting. Assemblage 1 represents a highly structured environment within the photic zone, with mobile substrata occupied by infaunal irregular echinoids, mainly spatangoids, and localized hard substrata, provided by rhodolith beds, with epibenthic regular echinoids represented by the co-occurrence of the diadematidDiademaGray, 1825 and the toxopneustidsTripneustesL. Agassiz, 1841 andSchizechinusPomel, 1869. Assemblage 2 shows a higher diversity of irregular echinoids, dominated by the clypeasteroidsEchinocyamusvan Phelsum, 1774 andClypeasterLamarck, 1801 and different spatangoids, with the minute trigonocidaridGenocidarisA. Agassiz, 1869 among regular echinoids. This assemblage points to a soft-bottom environment with moderate water-energy conditions, periodically affected by storms. A low-diversity echinoid fauna in Assemblage 3, dominated by the spatangoidsBrissopsisL. Agassiz, 1840 andOvaGray, 1825, documents a deeper, soft-bottom environment, possibly below storm-wave base. These results indicate that the diversity of echinoid faunas originating in sublittoral environments is related to: (1) the presence of both soft and hard substrata, (2) differential preservation potentials of the various echinoid taxa, (3) intense bioturbation, and (4) sediment deposition by sporadic storm events.
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Carter, Burchard D. "Inferring substrate preferences from test morphology in echinoids, and interpreting spatial and temporal patterns of diversity." Paleontological Society Papers 3 (October 1997): 121–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000231.

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Preservational style of fossil echinoid tests allows assessment of the likelihood of post-mortem transport out of the preferred sediment type of the living echinoid. Sedimentologic study of the matrix of untransported specimens allows a check on functional morphologic inferences of the species' preferred sediment types. Functional morphologic analysis allows inference of a species preferred sediment type because the petals, fasciolaes, tubercles, ambulacral pores, ambulacral shape, and test profile control the echinoid's ability to burrow, and the grain size of sediment into which it is capable of doing so. Past studies have achieved better than 90% accuracy in predicting the grain size of thin sections of rocks containing echinoids, simply by interpretation of their functional morphology. Most mistaken predictions are attributable to species living in sediments that are less difficult to burrow in (sands) than those to which they are adapted (muds). Other species may live in sediments in which they are not well adapted by assuming an epifaunal mode of life.Relative proportions of species in an echinoid fauna preferring various sediment grain sizes, plotted for each of a number of localities, has proven useful in inferring generalized facies patterns within regions.Plots of temporal changes in echinoid species diversity through time correspond well to changes in proportions of species inferred to have preferred various substrate conditions, suggesting an environmental and taphonomic component to simple diversity curves.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Echinoida Echinoida Echinoida"

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Sweijd, Neville Anthony. "The digestive mechanisms of an intertidal grazer, the sea urchin Parechinus angulosus." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005346.

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Echinoids are important grazers in the near-shore ecosystem and can significantly effect their ecology. The sea urchin Parechinus angulosus occurs inter- and subtidally along the southern African coast. Within this range it consumes an extremely wide variety of algae. Since algal cell walls have an almost species specific chemical composition, the question arises as to how it can digest the algae that it consumes. In order to investigate the digestive mechanisms employed by P. angulosus, an ultrastructural study of the gut was undertaken to characterize the tissue and identify functional regions in the gut. Ten structural and storage polysaccharides commonly found in macroalgae were used as substrates to assay the digestive polysaccharidases of the sea urchin. The enteric bacteria of the sea urchin were isolated and tested separately for polysaccharidase activity using the same substrates. The results shown that the gut of Parechinus angulosus is regionally specialized, with the foregut primarily responsible for the production of hydrolytic enzymes, while the hindgut is primarily absorptive. The occurrence of lamellar bodies, heterolysosomes, cytoplasmic blebs and paddle cilia among other characteristic features of the digestive epithelium are described and discussed. Two levels of enzyme activity are apparent. Generally the urchin could hydrolyze the reserve polysaccharides, but only partially hydrolyze the structural polysaccharides, of red and green algae. P.angulosus was unable to digest alginic acid, the main structural polysaccharide of brown algae. Mixed cultures of bacteria utilized only the reserve polysaccharides of red and green algae. Significantly, the bacteria were able to hydrolyze alginic acid. Enteric bacteria also showed agarolytic activity. Parechinus angulosus has the ability to digest red and green algae. No lysozyme activity was detected. The enteric bacteria can digest the same algal reserve polysaccharides and so may compete for carbon in the gut. However, in the case of brown algae, bacteria have a potentially important endosymbiotic role as agents of digestion. These results correspond with food preference studies which have shown that, although P.angulosus consumes the kelp Ecklonia maxima, in the western Cape, it is amongst its least preferred food species. The reasons for this are its unpalatability and the urchin's inability to digest brown algae. The digestibility of algal material can be an important factor in determining algal-herbivore interactions.
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Chandra, Shweta. "Roles of immunoglobulin domain proteins echinoid and friend-of-echinoid in drosophila neurogenesis." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1083161922.

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Jeffery, Charlotte Hannah. "Echinoid evolution across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8292.

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Squire, Gareth. "The biogeography of the Indo-West Pacific echinoids." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391824.

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Miner, Benjamin G. "Evolution of phenotypic plasticity insights from echinoid larvae /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0001450.

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Lockhart, Susanne J. "Molecular evolution, phylogenetics, and parasitism in Antarctic cidaroid echinoids /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Barras, Colin George. "The origin and early diversification of the irregular echinoids." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433739.

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Farrar, Lyndsey. "Characterizing Traces of Predation and Parasitism on Fossil Echinoids." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1556793580479455.

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Wangensteen, Fuentes Owen S. "Biology and phylogeography of the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula (Echinoidea: Arbacioida) / Biología y filogeografía del erizo de mar negro Arbacia lixula (Echinoidea: Arbacioida)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120483.

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The black sea urchin Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) is one of the most abundant sea urchins in the Mediterranean. Despite its increasingly recognized ecological significance, including the ability to create and maintain barren zones of decreased diversity and productivity, it has been traditionally less studied than the Atlanto-Mediterranean edible sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. This thesis is aimed at studying the factors affecting the phylogeography, trophic ecology and biology of the black sea urchin A. lixula in Mediterranean ecosystems, in order to assess its ecological role and its possible future impact in benthic communities. We studied the phylogeography, the trophic relationships, the reproductive cycle and the effects of temperature and ocean acidification on larval development of A. lixula. Our phylogeographical study, based in the mitochondrial marker COI, found evidences of a relatively recent (94 – 205 kya) colonization of the Mediterranean by A. lixula. Our trophic study, using stable isotopes and gut contents analyses, showed that A. lixula is an omnivore tending to carnivory, feeding mainly on sessile invertebrates. This results challenge the previous belief that A. lixula was an herbivorous grazer of encrusting coralline algae. The results of the reproductive cycle study, followed up during four consecutive years, showed that the reproductive timing of A. lixula is regulated by photoperiod, while temperature is a main modulator of its gonad development and thus of its reproductive output. The study of larval development in different conditions of temperature and pH showed that temperature increases accelerated the development and enhanced the larval survival rate, while acidification caused only slight effects in its survival, developmental rate and larval morphology. Considering all these new results about the past history and ecological characteristics of A. lixula, we conclude that this thermophilous species of tropical affinities is probably facing suboptimal conditions in northern Mediterranean. Its populations in this region may be promoted by global change, since the current warming trend would eventually enhance the processes which are limiting its populations. Thus, the negative impact of A. lixula on the Mediterranean coastal ecosystems may be increased in the future.
El erizo de mar negro Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) es, en la actualidad, uno de los equinoideos más abundantes en el Mediterráneo. A pesar de que su importancia ecológica está siendo cada vez más documentada, incluyendo su capacidad para originar y mantener zonas de blanquizal, de diversidad y productividad disminuidas, A. lixula ha sido tradicionalmente menos estudiado que otras especies atlanto-mediterráneas, como el erizo de mar común, Paracentrotus lividus. Esta tesis tiene por objeto el estudio de los factores que afectan a la filogeografía, la ecología trófica y la biología de A. lixula en los ecosistemas mediterráneos, con el fin de investigar su papel ecológico y su potencial impacto futuro en las comunidades bentónicas. Se estudiaron la filogeografía, las relaciones tróficas, el ciclo reproductor y los efectos de la temperatura y de la acidificación del océano en el desarrollo larvario de A. lixula. Nuestro estudio filogeográfico, basado en el marcador mitocondrial COI, mostró evidencias de que A. lixula colonizó el Mediterráneo en tiempos relativamente recientes (hace entre 94,000 y 205,000 años). El estudio de ecología trófica, empleando análisis de isótopos estables y de contenidos digestivos, demostró que A. lixula tiene un comportamiento omnívoro con tendencia a la carnivoría, alimentándose, sobre todo, de invertebrados sésiles. Esto contradice las creencias previas que suponían que esta especie era un herbívoro que se alimentaba de algas coralináceas incrustantes. El estudio de la biología reproductiva de A. lixula, realizado a lo largo de cuatro años consecutivos, mostró que el curso temporal de su ciclo gonadal está regulado por el fotoperíodo, mientras que la temperatura es un importante modulador de su desarrollo gonadal y de su producción de gametos. El estudio del desarrollo larvario, utilizando diferentes condiciones de temperatura y pH, mostró que el aumento de temperatura produce una aceleración en el crecimiento y un aumento en la tasa de supervivencia larvaria, mientras que la acidificación causa sólo efectos menores en la tasa de supervivencia, la velocidad de desarrollo y la morfología larvaria. Considerando estos nuevos resultados sobre la historia evolutiva y las características ecológicas de A. lixula, podemos concluir que esta especie de afinidades tropicales se encuentra, probablemente, sometida en la actualidad a condiciones por debajo de las óptimas en el Mediterráneo septentrional. Sus poblaciones en esta región podrían verse favorecidas por el cambio global, ya que la tendencia al calentamiento actual posiblemente favorecerá, en el futuro, los procesos que están limitando sus poblaciones en la actualidad. Así, el impacto negativo de A. lixula en los ecosistemas costeros mediterráneos podría incrementarse en el futuro.
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Robertson-Andersson, Deborah. "The echinoid Parechinus angulosus and its association with other invertebrates." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26024.

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Echinoids are recognized as important components of temperate kelp forests because of the impact that they have by grazing. The provision of shelter by some echinoid species for both juvenile conspecifics and for other species of echinoids has been widely documented. The behaviour is thought to be important in the survival of these species. The role of echinoids as protective "nurseries" for several types of marine animals has also been suggested. Adult echinoids are supported 1 - 2 cm above the substrate by the oral spines, this leaves a gap under the echinoid where other organisms can shelter. This paper examines firstly what types of organisms associate with the echinoid Parechinus angulosus and the degree to which they display tight relationships vs. chance associations. Secondly, it explores how much selectivity of the echinoids was involved when compared to other physical shelters and open substrate. This was done by comparing differences in the species associated with level, flat rocks covered with crustose corallines; the holdfasts of Ecklonia maxima; sand, and under echinoids. The study was done at four sites in False Bay, Cape Peninsula, South Africa. Samples were collected on each habitat type by placing a bottle over the substrate and scraping the sample into the bottle. The organisms in each sample were identified under a microscope and counted. The available habitat at each site was survey by divers swimming 6 am transects and noting the cover of a particular habitat falling under the tape measure. The total number of species and organisms for each site were compared using one-way and two-way ANOVA's on untransformed data. The availability of different habitat types at each site was compared, using one-way fixed-effects ANOVA. Results showed that there was no significant difference between habitat availability at the different sites. Results of the two-way ANOVA's comparing site and habitat for individual species showed that the amphipod Paramoera capensis only occurred in significant numbers at one echinoid site. The fact that 65 % of this species had a colour variation that matched the echinoid, implied that the amphipod gains protection from predators by being associated with subtidal echinoids. This relationship is not obligate as this amphipod was found in other habitats. The echinoid Parechinus angulosus appears to have a dual habitat preference with juveniles less than 1 O mm in diameter sheltering beneath adult conspecifics and juveniles greater than 1 o mm in diameter sheltering in kelp holdfasts. The amphipod Hyale grandicomis occurred in significant numbers associated with echinoids and had a habitat preference for echinoids, suggesting that it has an important relationship with subtidal echinoids. The amphipod is a known grazer of macroalgae and thus it is possible that the amphipod gets access to a food resource in the form of drift kelp, which is trapped by the echinoid. If this is the case then the amphipod would also be gaining protection from predators by being associated with the echinoid as the amount of time it is exposed while foraging is minimal.
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Books on the topic "Echinoida Echinoida Echinoida"

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Smith, A. B. British cretaceous echinoids. London: Palaeontographical Society, 1989.

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Akers, Rosemary E. Texas Cretaceous echinoids. [Houston, TX]: Paleontology Section, Houston Gem and Mineral Society, 1987.

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Smith, A. B. British Cretaceous echinoids. London: Palaeontographical Society, 1993.

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Smith, A. B. British Cretaceous echinoids. London: Palaeontographical Society, 1993.

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B, Smith Andrew. British Cretaceous echinoids. London: Palaeontographical Society, 1989.

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Smith, A. B. British Cretaceous echinoids. London: Palaeontographical Society, 1990.

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British Jurassic irregular echinoids. London: Palaeontographical Society, 2006.

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Oligocene Echinoids of North Carolina. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1997.

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B, Smith Andrew. Cretaceous echinoids from north-eastern Brazil. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1991.

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Sea urchins: A guide to worldwide shallow water species. Hemdingen, Germany: H. & P. Schultz Partner Scientific Publications, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Echinoida Echinoida Echinoida"

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Ax, Peter. "Echinoida — Holothuroida." In Multicellular Animals, 125–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08874-6_15.

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Jain, Sreepat. "Echinoids." In Fundamentals of Invertebrate Palaeontology, 175–210. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3658-0_6.

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Ax, Peter. "Ophiuroida — Echinozoa." In Multicellular Animals, 118–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08874-6_14.

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Ghiold, J., and G. A. Rountree. "Echinoids of Grand Cayman." In The Cayman Islands, 191–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0904-8_10.

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Kowalewski, Michał, and James H. Nebelsick. "Predation on Recent and Fossil Echinoids." In Predator—Prey Interactions in the Fossil Record, 279–302. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0161-9_12.

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Yoshida, M., H. Nogi, and Y. Tani. "Nervous Mechanisms of Spawning in Regular Echinoids." In Nervous Systems in Invertebrates, 559–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1955-9_19.

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De Ridder, Chantal, and Robin L. Brigmon. "“Farming” of Microbial Mats in the Hindgut of Echinoids." In Fossil and Recent Biofilms, 217–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0193-8_13.

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Zachos, Louis G., and James Sprinkle. "Computational Model of Growth and Development in Paleozoic Echinoids." In Computational Paleontology, 75–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16271-8_5.

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Shirayama, Y., H. Wada, and S. Kinjo. "Phylogenetic relationships and morphological diversity in the family Echinometridae (Echinoida, Echinodermata)." In Echinoderms: Munchen, 521–24. Taylor & Francis, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203970881.ch89.

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"1. Introduction." In Echinoidea, 1–2. De Gruyter, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110368536-001.

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Conference papers on the topic "Echinoida Echinoida Echinoida"

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Thompson, Jeffrey R., Eric M. Erkenbrack, Elizabeth Petsios, and David J. Bottjer. "PALEOGENOMICS OF ECHINOIDS AND THE EVOLUTION OF ECHINOID GENE REGULATORY NETWORKS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-282588.

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Grun, Tobias B., and James H. Nebelsick. "STRUCTURAL MECHANICS OF CLYPEASTEROID ECHINOIDS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-315711.

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Thompson, Jeffrey R., and David J. Bottjer. "SUBSTRATE AFFINITY IN CARBONIFEROUS ECHINOIDS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-300709.

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Petsios, Elizabeth, Roger W. Portell, Lyndsey Farrar, Shamindri Tennakoon, Tobias Grun, Michał Kowalewski, and Carrie L. Tyler. "AN ASYNCHRONOUS MESOZOIC MARINE REVOLUTION IN ECHINOIDS." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-357565.

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Thompson, Jeffrey R., Elizabeth Petsios, Amanda Lynn Godbold, and David J. Bottjer. "THE PERMIAN-TRIASSIC MACROEVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF ECHINOIDS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-321561.

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Zachos, Louis G., and Alexander Ziegler. "DID PROTOSCUTELLID SAND DOLLAR ECHINOIDS POSSESS GREGORY’S DIVERTICULUM?" In Joint 69th Annual Southeastern / 55th Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020se-345024.

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Peterman, David J., Adam S. Osborn, and Charles N. Ciampaglio. "ECHINOID FAUNA OF THE LOWER PLEISTOCENE WACCAMAW FORMATION." In Joint 69th Annual Southeastern / 55th Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020se-344641.

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Grun, Tobias B. "FEAR THE CRAWLING DEAD: CASSID PREDATION ON CLYPEASTEROID ECHINOIDS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-315709.

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Grun, Tobias B., and James H. Nebelsick. "ECHINOIDS IN 3D: UNDERSTANDING MECHANISMS THAT STRENGTHEN LIGHT-WEIGHT SKELETONS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-293681.

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"Sea Urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): Their Biology, Culture and Bioactive compounds." In International Conference on Agricultural, Ecological and Medical Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c714075.

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Reports on the topic "Echinoida Echinoida Echinoida"

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Common Cenozoic Echinoids from Florida. Florida Geological Survey, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.35256/p04.

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