Journal articles: 'Echinoidea'

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Sun, Shao’e, Ning Xiao, and Zhongli Sha. "Complete mitochondrial genomes of four deep-sea echinoids: conserved mitogenome organization and new insights into the phylogeny and evolution of Echinoidea." PeerJ 10 (July 28, 2022): e13730. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13730.

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Echinoids are an important component in benthic marine environments, which occur at all depths from the shallow-water hard substrates to abyssal depths. To date, the phylogeny of the sea urchins and the macro-evolutionary processes of deep-sea and shallow water groups have not yet been fully resolved. In the present study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of four deep-sea sea urchins (Echinoidea), which were the first representatives of the orders Aspidodiadematoida, Pedinoida and Echinothurioida, respectively. The gene content and arrangement were highly conserved in echinoid mitogenomes. The tRNA-SerAGY with DHU arm was detected in the newly sequenced echinoid mitogenomes, representing an ancestral structure of tRNA-SerAGY. No difference was found between deep-sea and shallow water groups in terms of base composition and codon usage. The phylogenetic analysis showed that all the orders except Spatangoida were monophyletic. The basal position of Cidaroida was supported. The closest relationship of Scutelloida and Echinolampadoida was confirmed. Our phylogenetic analysis shed new light on the position of Arbacioida, which supported that Arbacioida was most related with the irregular sea urchins instead of Stomopneustoida. The position Aspidodiadematoida (((Aspidodiadematoida + Pedinoida) + Echinothurioida) + Diadematoida) revealed by mitogenomic data discredited the hypothesis based on morphological evidences. The macro-evolutionary pattern revealed no simple onshore-offshore or an opposite hypothesis. But the basal position of the deep-sea lineages indicated the important role of deep sea in generating the current diversity of the class Echinoidea.

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GONDIM, ANNE ISABELLEY, RAFAEL BENDAYAN DE MOURA, MARTIN LINDSEY CHRISTOFFERSEN, and THELMA LÚCIA PEREIRA DIAS. "Taxonomic guide and historical review of echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from northeastern Brazil." Zootaxa 4529, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4529.1.1.

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The class Echinoidea contains among the best-known echinoderms. The group has left the most complete fossil record of this phylum, and contains about 1000 living species, of which 51 are recorded along the Brazilian coast. Although the first record of echinoids in Brazil was made 369 years ago, the knowledge of this fauna remains quite unsatisfactory from a taxonomic and ecological point of view, particularly in the north and northeastern regions of the country. This study provides the first annotated list of echinoids from northeastern Brazil. The studied material largely belongs to collections of the Federal University of Paraíba (CIPY), Federal University of Sergipe (LABIMAR-UFS), Federal University of Bahia (MZUFBA), University of São Paulo (MZUSP), and National Museum of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ). Thirty-two species from 29 genera, 18 families, and 10 orders were identified. Descriptions of species are provided. Highest diversities of Echinoidea were encountered for the states of Bahia (19 spp.), Alagoas (11 spp.), Paraíba (10 spp.), Ceará (7 spp.), Rio Grande do Norte (7 spp.), and Pernambuco (6 spp.). On the basis of the data analysed, Maranhão (2 spp.), Piauí (2 spp.), and Sergipe (3 spp.) have the lowest diversity. Sandy substrates and depths below 10 m were the least sampled areas over the continental shelf. Although the studied species are common, some taxonomic problems were encountered and discussed. We also provide ecological information and comments on status of the species from the studied region. As a result of this inventory, we were able to provide the first assessment of the echinoid fauna of northeastern Brazil.

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Xavier, Juan Henrique Bueno, Sandro Marcelo Scheffler, Aline Marcele Ghilardi, Cynthia Lara de Castro Manso, and Claude Luiz de Aguilar Santos. "EQUINOIDES DA FORMAÇÃO JANDAÍRA, CRETÁCEO SUPERIOR DA BACIA POTIGUAR, NORDESTE DO BRASIL: ESTADO DA ARTE." PALEONTOLOGIA EM DESTAQUE - Boletim Informativo da Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia 37, no. 77 (July 10, 2023): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4072/paleodest.2022.37.77.03.

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Echinoids from Jandaíra Formation, Upper Cretaceous, Potiguar Basin, Northeastern Brazil. The present paper analyzes the studies about fossil echinoids from the Jandaíra Formation, Upper Cretaceous, Potiguar Basin, Northeastern Brazil, with the purpose of showing the current knowledge about the species of the geological unit. The bibliography was obtained by searching websites such as Scholar Google, Memória da Biblioteca Nacional, Biodiversity Heritage Library, and Periódicos Capes. Furthermore, we contacted several researchers in the area of study, looking for access to any missing bibliography. We surveyed 32 studies, including monographs, dissertations, abstracts, papers in scientific journals, and book chapters. A timeline was produced for each species. We concluded that are fourteen valid species for the formation: Petalobrissus lehugeurae Alves; Petalobrissus setifensis Cotteau; Petalobrissus cubensis Weisbord; Mecaster texanus Roemer; Mecaster fourneli Agassiz & Desor; Hemiaster cearensis Brito; Hemiaster catandubensis Maury; Mecaster sp.; Rosadosoma riograndensis (Maury); Phymosoma major Coquand; Goniopygus durandi Perón & Gauthier; Coenholectypus upanemensis Beurlenou, Coenholectypus serialis sp.?; Phymosoma sp.; and Pygorhynchus sp.?. A considerable diversity. However, apart from taxonomy, few studies address other subjects such as paleoecology, taphonomy, biogeography, and stratigraphy. The observations raised, help to understand the taxonomic history of the echinoid species. Accordingly, they might indicate the direction of future studies about echinoids of the Jandaíra Formation. Keywords: Echinodermata, Echinoidea, Taxonomy, Upper Cretaceous.

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Kroh, Andreas. "Echinoids (Echinoidea, Echinodermata) from Štramberk-type limestones in Poland." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 276, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2015/0489.

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SAUCÈDE, THOMAS, RICH MOOI, and BRUNO DAVID. "Phylogeny and origin of Jurassic irregular echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)." Geological Magazine 144, no. 2 (December 19, 2006): 333–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756806003001.

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A phylogenetic analysis of Jurassic irregular echinoids is realized to explore the origin and early evolution of this important subset of echinoids. The phylogeny is based on 39 characters and considers data from apical system architecture, the corona including tuberculation and spines, Aristotle's lantern, and general test shape. Results corroborate the monophyly of Irregularia, and clarify the phylogenetic interrelationships existing between the main groups of irregular echinoids. Specializations of the Aristotle's lantern, spines, tubercles and phyllodes constitute the apomorphies for different taxa, as for the whole of Irregularia. The phylogenetic signal yielded by these characters highlights the importance of the environmental context of the origin and diversification of irregular echinoids. The definition of ‘irregularity’ is re-examined, rejecting exocyclism and characters of the apical system as appropriate synapomorphies, and stressing the importance of other characters, particularly the high density and small size of tubercles and spines. A new clade name, Infraclypeidae [P], and phylocode designations (stem-based diagnoses) are proposed for the clades Irregularia, Eognathostomata, Microstomata, Neognathostomata and Atelostomata. Other groupings formerly used (Pygasteroida, Galeropygidae and Menopygidae) are considered paraphyletic.

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Ilman Huda, Muhammad Aris, S. Sudarmadji, and Susantin Fajariyah. "Keanekaragaman Jenis Echinoidea di Zona Intertidal Pantai Jeding Taman Nasional Baluran." BERKALA SAINSTEK 5, no. 2 (October 13, 2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/bst.v5i2.5531.

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Zona intertidal merupakan daerah yang terletak diantara pasang tertinggi dan surut terendah, yang mewakili peralihan dari kondisi lautan ke kondisi daratan. Luas zona intertidal sangat terbatas, akan tetapi memiliki faktor lingkungan yang sangat bervariasi, sehingga memiliki keanekaragaman organisme yang tinggi salah satunya adalah kelas Echinoidea. Kelas Echinoidea termasuk dalam anggota Filum Echinodermata yang tersebar mulai dari daerah intertidal sampai laut dalam. Echinoidea umumnya menghuni ekosistem terumbu karang dan padang lamun. Pantai Jeding merupakan pantai yang terletak di wilayah Taman Nasional Baluran yang masih belum pernah dilakukan penelitian mengenai keanekaragaman Echinoidea. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan kesamarataan jenis Echinoidea di zona intertidal Pantai Jeding Taman Nasional Baluran. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel adalah metode transek-plot sistematis. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 8 jenis Echinoidea yang terdiri 4 ordo, 6 famili, 8 genus dan 8 spesies. Memiliki indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) jenis yang tergolong sedang dan Indeks kesamarataan (J’) Jenis yang tergolong sedang.Kata Kunci: Zona Intertidal, Echinoidea, Keanekaragaman, Pantai jeding.

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ARACHCHIGE, GAYASHAN M., SEVVANDI JAYAKODY, RICH MOOI, and ANDREAS KROH. "Taxonomy and distribution of irregular echinoids (Echinoidea: Irregularia) from Sri Lanka." Zootaxa 4541, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4541.1.1.

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The earliest information on Sri Lankan echinoid species belonging to the Irregularia dates back to Alexander Agassiz (1872). However, the current knowledge of diversity and distribution of irregular echinoids from Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) remains sparse. In addition, there are no recent taxonomic studies or biodiversity surveys for irregular echinoids, and no illustrated field-guides or reference collections are available specifically for Sri Lanka. To address these gaps, left open for more than 100 years since the work of Clark (1915), this study was conducted as an island-wide systematic sampling survey. Over 200 echinoid specimens were collected from 24 localities in Sri Lankan coastal waters by snorkelling and SCUBA diving down to 33 m depth. The collected specimens were identified using existing keys and authenticated with specimens available at the Natural History Museum in Vienna, Austria. The present study records 22 irregular echinoid species belonging to 15 genera and nine families in four orders. Among the identified irregular echinoids, six species, Echinocyamus megapetalus H.L. Clark, 1914, Fibularia ovulum Lamarck, 1816, Fibulariella angulipora Mortensen, 1948, Echinodiscus cf. truncatus L. Agassiz, 1841, Peronella oblonga Mortensen, 1948 and Brissus cf. agassizii Döderlein, 1885, are new records for Sri Lanka. Four unidentified, possibly new species belonging to the genera Fibularia, Jacksonaster and Metalia are reported, but kept in open nomenclature until more material becomes available. At present, the diversity of irregular echinoids from Sri Lanka now stands at 37 species representing 11 families in four orders. A dichotomous key is presented for all Sri Lankan irregular echinoids.

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Guilherme, Pablo Damian Borges, Maristela de Lima Bueno, Rafael Metri, Cassiana Baptista-Metri, Robin Hilbert Loose, and Yara Aparecida Garcia Tavares. "First record of the heart urchin Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1791) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in the coastal region of Paraná, southern Brazil." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 63 (August 1, 2023): e202363026. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2023.63.026.

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This study presents the first record of the cordiform echinoid Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1791) (Echinoidea: Spatangoida: Brissidae) in Paraná’s shallow inner shelf, in addition to a brief description of its location, body measurements, sex determination, and reproductive status. Two specimens were recorded between 2015 (bycatch by artisanal fishing) and 2016 (observed by scuba diving). The only specimen – with severe signs of weakness – captured was donated to Associação MarBrasil and kept in an aquarium for rehabilitation (8 days), where it was possible to observe digging movements, burying skills (partially), and camouflage or covering behavior. The organism was sent to the UNESPAR campus of Paranaguá and was photographed, measured (length: 155.65 mm, width: 118.93 mm, and maximum test height: 41.31 mm), fixed, and properly preserved. Digitized images of the histological preparation showed that it was a female in the recovery stage (or nutritional reserve) of the reproductive cycle. Regardless of their limitations, the current records for the Brissidae family in South Atlantic are still concentrated on the Brazilian coast, contributing to the understanding of zoogeographic, ecological, morphophysiological, and behavioral aspects of the spatangoid echinoids.

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ZUSCHIN, MARTIN. "Echinoidea neogenica." Lethaia 40, no. 2 (May 17, 2007): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2007.00018.x.

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Coombs, Christopher J., and Keith L. Mutimer. "ECHINOIDEA TENOSYNOVITIS." ANZ Journal of Surgery 63, no. 4 (April 1993): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.1993.tb00389.x.

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STOKES, ROBERT B., and ANDREAS KROH. "Attribution of the taxon name Echinoidea to Schumacher, 1817." Zootaxa 5182, no. 2 (September 5, 2022): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5182.2.3.

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The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), The Interagency Taxonomic Information System (ITIS, Report Taxonomic Serial No 157821), and Wikispecies all identify Leske (1778) as the author of the taxon Echinoidea. They base this attribution on the synonymy of Durham et al. (1966: U297) who stated “Class ECHINOIDEA Leske, 1778 [nom. transl. Bronn, 1860, p. 295 (ex order Echinoidea d’Orbigny, 1852 [sic], p. 114, nom correct. pro ordo Echinus Leske, 1778, p. xvi [sic])].” This confusing construction led to a strange result in which the taxon Echinoidea was attributed to an author who never used that name (Leske), whilst it deprived the author who established it (Schumacher) and the one who first conceived the grouping (Bruguière) of any credit. This note examines the works of various authors credited with the authorship of the taxon Echinoidea, particularly Leske, d’Orbigny, von Zittel, and Bronn, and concludes that the taxon Echinoidea should be attributed to Schumacher, 1817.

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Idami, Zahratul. "KLASIFIKASI ECHINOIDEA (FILUM ECHINODERMATA) DENGAN METODE TAKSONOMI NUMERIK-FENETIK." KLOROFIL: Jurnal Ilmu Biologi dan Terapan 3, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/kfl:jibt.v3i1.7779.

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Echinoidea (Phylum Echinodermata) is an aquatic biota that has economic value both economic and ecologic. Echinoidea has the characteristics of thorns which can be used as one of the characters in identification and classification. One of classify Echinoidea is to use the numerical-phenetic method. This method was groups each species according to the morphological similarities observed and account. This study aims to determine the types of Echinoidea and its important to grouping because it has important economic value in the fisheries sector and in conducting the data collection of Echinoidea biodiversity. This study used 7 species of Echinoidea namely Tripneustes sp., Euchinotrix sp., Euchinometra sp., Diadema sp., Stomopneustes sp., Heterocentrotus sp., and Colobocentrotus sp. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Analysis data used MVSV 3.1 application for similarity matrix (Simple Matching Coefficient and Jacard Coefficient) and dendogram. The results showed thorns as a characteristic in the classification of Echinoidea. Echinoidea classification shows two groups that have the highest value, namely Euchinotrix sp., And Diadema sp with 80% similarity value and Colobocentrotus sp with Echinometra, sp which is 76% (Simple Matching Coefficient). Whereas based on Jacard Coefficient the two groups have the same similarity value of 53%. Keywords: numeric-fenetic, echinoidea, similarity

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Thompson, Jeffrey R., Elizabeth Petsios, and David J. Bottjer. "A diverse assemblage of Permian echinoids (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) and implications for character evolution in early crown group echinoids." Journal of Paleontology 91, no. 4 (April 18, 2017): 767–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.158.

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AbstractThe Permian is regarded as one of the most crucial intervals during echinoid evolution because crown group echinoids are first widely known from the Permian. New faunas provide important information regarding the diversity of echinoids during this significant interval as well as the morphological characterization of the earliest crown group and latest stem group echinoids. A new fauna from the Capitanian Lamar Member of the Bell Canyon Formation in the Guadalupe Mountains of West Texas comprises at least three new taxa, includingEotiaris guadalupensisThompson n. sp. an indeterminate archaeocidarid, andPronechinus? sp. All specimens represented are silicified and known from disarticulated or semiarticulated interambulacral and ambulacral plates and spines. This assemblage is one of the most diverse echinoid assemblages known from the Permian and, as such, informs the paleoecological setting in which the earliest crown group echinoids lived. This new fauna indicates that crown group echinoids occupied the same environments as stem group echinoids of the Archaeocidaridae and Proterocidaridae. Furthermore, the echinoids described herein begin to elucidate the order of character transitions that likely took place between stem group and crown group echinoids. At least one of the morphological innovations once thought to be characteristic of early crown group echinoids, crenulate tubercles, was in fact widespread in a number of stem group taxa from the Permian as well. Crenulate tubercles are reported from two taxa, and putative cidaroid style U-shaped teeth are present in the fauna. The presence of crenulate tubercles in the archaeocidarid indicates that crenulate tubercles were present in stem group echinoids, and thus the evolution of this character likely preceded the evolution of many of the synapomorphies that define the echinoid crown group.

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Schlüter, Nils, Frank Wiese, and Manfred Kutscher. "Heterochronic evolution in the Late Cretaceous echinoid Gauthieria (Echinoidea, Phymosomatidae)." Cretaceous Research 57 (January 2016): 294–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.09.005.

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Tematan, Yohanes Boli, Petrus Andriyanto, Oktavius Yoseph Tuta Mago, and Yohanes Nong Bunga. "Diversity and distribution patterns of Sea Urchins (echinoidea) in the waters of Doreng Beach, Sikka Regency, Indonesia." Jurnal Mangifera Edu 9, no. 1 (July 31, 2024): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v9i1.197.

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Echinoidea is a marine biota with many important roles in life. Echinoidea can be found in various sea and water areas, one of which is in the waters of Doreng Beach. The rampant exploitation activities and minimal efforts to conserve Echinoidea in the waters of Doreng Beach have caused the diversity of Echinoidea to decline. This study aimed to identify the types of Echinoidea and analyze their abundance and distribution patterns in the waters of Doreng Beach. This research was conducted on October 1 -November 1, 2022. The type of research conducted was qualitative descriptive research with a field observation approach. The method used was the quadrat sampling method. Observations were carried out at three stations, each with 15 quadrat plots measuring 1 x 1 m2. The results of the study showed that there were eight species in the waters of Doreng Beach, namely Echinometra mathei, Echinometra viridis, Diadema setosum, Diadema savignyi, Echinothrix calamaris, Echinothrix diadema, Tripneustes gratilla and Tripneustes Ventricosus. The highest abundance is from the species Echinometra mathei, with a value of 4.62 ind/m2, and the lowest is Diadema savignyi, with a value of 0.02 ind/m2. The distribution pattern of Echinoidea in Doreng Beach Waters is clustered with a moisten index value of 5.5.

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Martínez-Melo, Alejandra, Efraín De Luna, and Blanca Estela Buitrón-Sánchez. "Morfometría de los equinodeos de la Familia Cassidulidae (Echinoidea: Cassiduloida)." Revista de Biología Tropical 65, no. 1-1 (December 8, 2017): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i1-1.31691.

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Morphometrics of echinoids in the Family Cassidulidae (Echinoidea: Cassiduloida). Cassidulidae is the type family of the order Cassiduloida, and contains five genera whose morphology has complicated their taxonomic study: Australanthus, Cassidulus, Eurhodia, Paralampas, and Rhyncholampas. Many authors have applied traditional morphometric analysis (mainly length, width, and height) with varying success. We present the first approach with geometric morphometrics (three outlines: aboral, left, and posterior). Genera Eurhodia and Paralampas are more varied than the others. For future studies, we recommend larger samples, and the inclusion of size and qualitative characters such as the ambulacra and peristome. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65(Suppl. 1): S233-S243. Epub 2017 November 01.

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Carrasco, Jose Francisco, and Nicolae Trif. "CLYPEASTER SURARUI (ECHINOIDEA, EOCENE) A NEW NAME FOR CLYPEASTER TRANSSYLVANICUS (ȘURARU, GÁBOS & ȘURARU, 1967) PREOCCUPIED NAME." Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae, no. 19 (1) (September 9, 2022): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2023.01.04.

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The following replacement is proposed: Clypeaster surarui as a new name for Clypeaster transsylvanicus (Șuraru, Gábos & Șuraru, 1967) (Echinoidea, Eocene) name preoccupied by Clypeaster transsylvanicus (Vadász, 1915) (Echinoidea, Miocene, Badenian).

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Shin, Sook. "A New Record of Sea Urchin (Echinoidea: Echinoida) from Jejudo Island, Korea." Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity 24, no. 3 (November 30, 2008): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5635/kjsz.2008.24.3.323.

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Martínez-Melo, Alejandra, Francisco Solís-Marín, Blanca Buitrón-Sánchez, and Alfredo Laguarda-Figueras. "An occurence records database of Irregular Echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in Mexico." Biodiversity Data Journal 4 (July 7, 2016): e7729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/bdj.4.e7729.

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YIU, SAM KING FUNG, and CHRISTOPHER L. MAH. "New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong." Zootaxa 5526, no. 1 (October 22, 2024): 1–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1.

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This paper reports several new occurrences for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong. New records for asteroids include Anseropoda rosacea, Aquilonastra cepheus, Pentaceraster alveolatus, Pentaceraster sibogae, and Culcita novaeguineae. For echinoids, new records include Coelopleurus maculatus, Eucidaris metularia, Prionocidaris baculosa, Echinostrephus molaris, Pseudoboletia indiana, Salmacis bicolor, Stomopneustes variolaris, Toxopneustes pileolus, Clypeaster reticulatus, Metalia spatagus, and Nacospatangus altus. Several novel ecological observations on behavior, diet and morphological variation are also described. These additional occurrences and new observations are attributed to more comprehensive reporting from SCUBA diving as well as the advent of shared resources from social media platforms.

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Sitti Wirdhana Ahmad, Suriana, Nani Cantika, La Ode Muh. Munadi, Amirullah, Indrawati, La Ode Adi Parman, Adi Karya, Muhammad Amrullah Pagala, and Deki Zulkarnain. "Echinoidea Community Structure in the Timbul Bone Labunta Sand Waters, Buton Tengah Regency, Southeast Sulawesi." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 1 (October 30, 2023): 701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.1.2085.

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This study aims to determine the types of sea urchins (Echinoidea), the diversity index (H'), uniformity index (E), and dominance index (C) in sea urchins (Echinoidea) in Pasir Timbul Bone Labunta waters, Central Buton Regency. This research is a type of quantitative descriptive research. The determination of stations is carried out using a purposive sampling technique, namely data collection based on the presence of sea urchins (Echinoidea). This research was conducted in April-May 2023 in Pasir Timbul Bone Labunta waters, Central Buton Regency. Observations were made during the day, at the lowest tide, and when sea urchins (Echinoidea) rested in coral crevices or seagrass. The results showed that there were 5 types of sea urchins (Echinoidea), namely Diadema setosum, Echinotrix calamaris, Tripneustes gratilla, Salmacis sphaeroides and Echinometra mathaei. The diversity index at Station I is in the low category, and Stations II and III are in the medium category. Uniformity index at Station I with a low category, Stations II and III with a high category. The dominance index of Station I has a high category, and Stations II and III have a low category index value.

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Hartati, Retno, Endika Meirawati, Sri Redjeki, Ita Riniatsih, and Robertus Triaji Mahendrajaya. "Jenis-Jenis Bintang Laut Dan Bulu Babi (Asteroidea, Echinoidea: Echinodermata) Di Perairan Pulau Cilik, Kepulauan Karimunjawa." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 21, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v21i1.2417.

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Abstract Types of Star Fish and Sea Urchins (Asteroidea, Echinoidea: Echinodermata) In Cilik Island, Karimunjawa WatersEchinoderms are fundamentally good indicators of health and status of coralline communities in marine waters. Substrat of sandy, rububle and coral reefs are good habitat for Asteroidea dan Echinoidea. This study aim to identify sea star (Asteroidea) and sea urchin (Echinoidea) species from Pulau Cilik waters of Karimunjawa Islands. Asteroidea and Echinoidea observed using the line transect method used, ie subjects within the same distance between the transect and the transect square with observations of 2.5 m on the right and left of transect line line. Morphology, habitat type (substrate & depth) and total number of sea stars and sea urchins at each station were determined. The results showed that Pulau Cilik has six species of Asteroidea (Sea star), ie Linckia laevigata, L. multifora, Neoferdifla ocellata (Family Ophidiasteridae), Luidia alternate (Luidiidae Family), Culcita novaeguineae (Family Oreasteridae) and Acanthaster planci which belongs to Family Acanthasteridae. There were 4 species of Echinoidea Sea urchin) found, i.e. Diadema setosum, D. antillarum, D. savignyi and Echinothrix calamaris, which all were family members of Diadematidae Keywords: Ophidiasteridae, Luidiidae, Oreasteridae, Acanthasteridae, Diadematidae AbstrakEchinodermata pada dasarnya merupakan indikator kesehatan dan status dari terumbu karang di laut. Dasar perairan yang landai dengan substrat pasir, terumbu karang dan pecahan karang yang merupakan habitat bagi hewan jenis Asteroidea dan Echinoidea. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi henis-jenis bitang laut dan bulu babi dari perairan Pulau Cilik, Kepulauan Karimunjawa. Pengamatan Asteroidea dan Echinoidea menggunakan metoda line transect yang dimodifikasi, yaitu mengamati subjek dalam jarak yang sama sepanjang garis transect dan kuadrat transect dengan pengamatan 2,5 m di sebelah kanan dan kiri garis line transect. Morfologi, tipe habitat (substrat & kedalaman) dan jumlah total bintang laut dan bulu babi di tiap stasiun dicatat selanjutnya sampel diidentifikasi berdasarkan ciri morfologi tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di perairan Pulau Cilik ditemukan enam spesies Asteroidea (Bintang Laut), yaitu Linckia laevigata, L. multifora, Neoferdifla ocellata (Famili Ophidiasteridae), Luidia alternate (Famili Luidiidae), Culcita novaeguineae (Famili Oreasteridae) dan Acanthaster planci yang termasuk dalam Famili Acanthasteridae. Species Echinoidea (Bulu Babi) ditemukan 4 spesies Diadema setosum, D. antillarum, D. savignyi dan Echinothrix calamaris semua anggota famili Diadematidae.Kata kunci : Ophidiasteridae, Luidiidae, Oreasteridae, Acanthasteridae, Diadematidae

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Filander, Zoleka, Yves Samyn, and Charles Griffiths. "Four notable additions to the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata, Echinoidea)." ZooKeys 831 (March 18, 2019): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.831.31381.

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Although a comprehensive guide to the South African echinoid fauna was published as recently as 2017, four notable additions to the fauna have emerged since that time and are reported on here. The first South African records for Histocidarispurpurata (Thomson, 1872), Echinothrixdiadema (Linnaeus, 1758), Microcyphusrousseaui L. Agassiz, in Agassiz and Desor 1846, and Pseudoboletiamaculata Troschel, 1869 are presented. All four species have previously been recorded from the Atlantic and/or Indian Oceans and their ranges are thus extended southwards here. These additions increase the total number of echinoid species known from South Africa to 74.

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FILANDER, ZOLEKA, and CHARLES GRIFFITHS. "Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa." Zootaxa 4296, no. 1 (July 24, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1.

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The sea-urchins (class Echinoidea) of South Africa have received little taxonomic attention since the last comprehensive regional monographic guide, which was published in 1976 and is thus now severely outdated. That account was also poorly illustrated, making it difficult to use. Recent work by the authors has also added some 19 additional species to the known fauna, which now stands at 70 species. The aims of this study are thus to revise and update the South African echinoid fauna list, and to present a new, easy to use and fully-illustrated guide to all known regional species. The analysis is based mainly on examination of samples from the Iziko South African Museum collections, although additional records from other museum collections, the published literature, photographic images submitted to the EchinoMap Virtual Museum Database and any other reliable records are also included. A short account of each species is given, including relevant synonymy and literature, and brief notes on identification, size, and global distribution. Photographs that best represent the diagnostic features of each species and a map showing its known records within the region accompany each species account. A binary key to species is also provided.

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Hodin, Jason, Keegan Lutek, and Andreas Heyland. "A newly identified left–right asymmetry in larval sea urchins." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 8 (August 2016): 160139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160139.

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Directional asymmetry (DA) in body form is a widespread phenomenon in animals and plants alike, and a functional understanding of such asymmetries can offer insights into the ways in which ecology and development interface to drive evolution. Echinoids (sea urchins, sand dollars and their kin) with planktotrophic development have a bilaterally symmetrical feeding pluteus larva that undergoes a dramatic metamorphosis into a pentameral juvenile that enters the benthos at settlement. The earliest stage of this transformation involves a DA: a left-side invagination in mid-stage larvae leads to the formation of the oral field of the juvenile via a directionally asymmetric structure called the echinus rudiment. Here, we show for the first time in two echinoid species that there is a corresponding DA in the overall shape of the larva: late-stage plutei have consistently shorter arms specifically on the rudiment (left) side. We then demonstrate a mechanistic connection between the rudiment and arm length asymmetries by examining rare, anomalous purple urchin larvae that have rudiments on both the left and the right side. Our data suggest that this asymmetry is probably a broadly shared feature characterizing ontogeny in the class Echinoidea. We propose several functional hypotheses—including developmental constraints and water column stability—to account for this newly identified asymmetry.

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Sasongko, Agung Setyo, Daniel Julianto Tarigan, Ferry Dwi Cahyadi, Lio Yonanto, Muhammad Nur Salim, Aang Fuad Hasan, and Hana Azalia. "JENIS-JENIS BINTANG LAUT, BULU BABI, DAN TERIPANG (ECHINODERMATA) DI PERAIRAN PULAU TUNDA KABUPATEN SERANG." Jurnal Teknologi Perikanan dan Kelautan 11, no. 2 (December 20, 2021): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24319/jtpk.11.177-182.

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Echinodermata pada dasarnya merupakan indikator kesehatan dan status dari terumbu karang di laut. Dasar perairan yang landai dengan substrat pasir, terumbu karang, dan pecahan karang merupakan habitat bagi hewan jenis Asteroidea, Echinoidea, dan Teripang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis bintang laut (Asteroidea), bulu babi (Echinoidea), dan teripang (Holothuroidea) dari perairan Pulau Tunda, Kabupaten Serang. Pengamatan Asteroidea, Echinoidea, dan Holothuroidea menggunakan metode line transek yang dimodifikasi, yaitu mengamati subjek dalam jarak yang sama sepanjang garis transek dan kuadrat transek dengan pengamatan 2,5 m di sebelah kanan dan kiri garis line transek. Observasi habitat yang meliputi substrat dan kedalaman, sedangkan jumlah total bintang laut, bulu babi, dan teripang di setiap stasiun dicatat yang selanjutnya sampel didokumentasikan dan diidentifikasi berdasarkan ciri-ciri morfologinya. Di perairan Pulau Tunda ditemukan 2 spesies dari kelas Asteroidea yaitu Linckia laevigata dan Culcita novaeguneae, 3 spesies dari Echinoidea yaitu Diadema antilarum, Diadema setosum, Echinomerta mathaei, dan 3 spesies dari Holothuroidea yaitu Holothuria atra, Holothuria leucospilota, Bohadschia graeffei.

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Tiffany, Yollanda, Aniek Prasetyaningsih, and Dwi Aditiyarini. "Pemanfaatan Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Eter Diadema setosum dari Pantai Kukup dan Pantai Sundak Gunungkidul sebagai Antiinflamasi." SCISCITATIO 2, no. 2 (October 7, 2021): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/sciscitatio.2021.22.68.

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Bulu babi atau landak laut merupakan hewan laut yang tergolong dalam kelas Echinoidea. Kelompok hewan dari kelas Echinoidea mempunyai kemampuan menghasilkan metabolit sekunder yang memiliki efek farmakologis seperti antibakteri, antitumor dan kanker, antioksidan, dan antiinflamasi. Salah satu metabolit sekunder dari yang dihasilkan oleh hewan dari kelompok Echinoidea adalah Ovothiol-A yang berpotensi sebagai antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari metabolit sekunder dari Diadema setosum yang berasal dari Pantai Selatan Gunungkidul dan studi potensinya sebagai antiinflamasi. Hasil uji KLT dan FTIR menunjukkan bahwa spesies Diadema setosum sebagai salah satu anggota Echinoidea diduga mengandung senyawa Ovothiol-A pada bagian organ maupun cangkangnya. Senyawa diduga sebagai Ovothiol-A yang dihasilkan oleh D. setosum memiliki kemampuan antiinflamasi yang ditunjukkan oleh penyempitan luka pada mencit yang diberi perlakuan ekstrak bagian organ (100%) D.setosum dengan rata-rata penyempitan luka 0,44±0,256 mm/hari. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak D. setosum memiliki senyawa Ovothiol-A yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antiinflamasi. Ekstrak D. setosum bagian organ memiliki kemampuan antiinflamasi yang lebih baik.

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Emlet, Richard B. "What is a juvenile sea urchin? A comparative and phylogenetic survey of post-metamorphic juveniles." Zygote 8, S1 (December 1999): S44—S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400130217.

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Echinoid development progresses through embryonic and larval stages to metamorphosis and the adult form. Despite vast differences in embryos and larval forms, including bilaterally symmetric echinopluteus larvae, ovoid non-feeding larvae and brooded embryos, all metamorphose into juvenile sea urchins with pentaradial symmetry. The adult sea urchin body plan is initiated as the juvenile rudiment. The rudiment has been called the phylotypic stage for the class Echinoidea, a designation that implies little variation at this midpoint in development (e.g. Raff et al., 1991; Richardson, 1995; Raff, 1996). However, right at metamorphosis (upon eversion of the juvenile rudiment), variations in test symmetry, shape and number of spines, and number of skeletal plates, podia and pedicellariae are present in juveniles. This variation suggests either that there is no phylotypic stage or that such a stage occurs earlier in rudiment formation. To distinguish between these possibilities, I explored the patterns by which the juvenile rudiment is formed as well as the variation among juveniles approximately 1 day after metamorphosis in 19 echinoid taxa covering a broad taxonomic range including cidaroids, diadematids, irregular echinoids (spatangoids and clypeasteroids), arbaciids, temnopleurids, echinometrids and strongylocentrotids. Most of the material for analysis of juveniles was obtained by the author. Additional information was gathered from classical studies of metamorphosis. Data were collected on the number and shape of dorsal pedicellariae, juvenile and adult spines, primary and secondary podia, and juvenile test shape. When possible multiple individuals within a species were examined, revealing no or only minor trait variation. These data were mapped on a well-resolved phylogeny established from adult characters.

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Guillou, Monique, and Christine Michel. "Reproduction and growth of Sphaerechinus granularis (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in southern Brittany." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 73, no. 1 (February 1993): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400032719.

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Although the English Channel is the northern limit of the latitudinal range of Sphaerechinus granularis (Echinodermata: Echinoidea), this echinoid can produce locally high densities in Brittany, such as in the Glénan Archipelago (Bay of Concarneau) where a small-scale fishery has been exploited since 1985. The reproductive cycle, the growth patterns and the migration of the species in this area were studied from 1988 to 1992. Sphaerechinus granularis presents an annual reproductive cycle with a major spawning in the early spring. But inter annual variability in the time when spawning starts can be observed. A relationship is established between the date of onset of spawning and the climatic conditions during the whole period of gonadal growth. Recruitment is isolated in time and reflects the reproductive cycle.

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Boczarowski, Andrzej. "Palaeoenvironmental interpretation of echinoderm assemblages from Bathonian ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn (Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland)." Acta Geologica Polonica 62, no. 3 (December 28, 2012): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10263-012-0019-6.

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ABSTRACT Boczarowski A. 2012. Palaeoenvironmental interpretation of echinoderm assemblages from Bathonian ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn (Krakow-Silesia Homocline, Poland). Acta Geologica Polonica, 62(3), 351-366. Warszawa. This paper presents the results of an investigation into the variability of echinoderm assemblages from Bathonian ore-bearing clays from Gnaszyn. Remains of Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothuroidea have been studied from 38 rock samples. The most common echinoderms represented are the crinoids Balanocrinusberchteni and Chariocrinus andreae and a few species of the holothurian genera Priscopedatus, Calclamna, Staurocaudina, Eocaudina, Achistrum, Theelia and Hemisphaeranthos. The echinoderms from Gnaszyn show various life strategies: benthic or epibenthic forms, sessile sestonophages (Crinoidea), motile macrophages (Asteroidea) and detritivores (Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea), infaunal and epifaunal detritus feeders, sediment feeders or rake-feeders (Holothuroidea). Their presence suggests well oxygenated and presumably relatively cold bottom marine waters. The parts of the Gnaszyn section around concretion horizons and characterized by the ubiquitous occurrence of the holothurian Theelia and echinoids were deposited during phases of optimal living conditions with sufficient influx of plant detritus and good oxygenation of the sea bottom. These parts commonly host echinoderm associations dominated by crinoid remains, which occasionally are still articulated (or disarticulated but remaining intact) - this points to a quiet environment with normal oxygenation of the bottom waters but anaerobic/dysaerobic conditions in the sediment.

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ZIEGLER, ALEXANDER. "Broad application of non-invasive imaging techniques to echinoids and other echinoderm taxa*." Zoosymposia 7, no. 1 (December 12, 2012): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.7.1.6.

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Tomographic imaging techniques such as micro-computed tomography (μCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) permit the gathering of digital anatomical data from whole animal specimens non-invasively. The resulting datasets can be used for direct observation of the two-dimensional tomographic image data as well as for manual and semi-automated three-dimensional modelling. Freshly fixed specimens as well as preserved museum material can be successfully analyzed using this approach, giving the zoomorphologist a powerful tool for large-scale comparative studies. In order to demonstrate the principle suitability of non-invasive imaging in echinoderm research, μCT scans of 199 and MRI scans of 92 sea urchin (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) species were acquired, resulting in a total of 203 analyzed echinoid species. The taxa selected represent 50 of the currently recognized 60 extant sea urchin families. The present article lists all species that have been analyzed so far and provides information about the scanning parameters employed for each dataset. Furthermore, the workflow established to generate three-dimensional models of sea urchins is outlined. Using a number of examples from μCT as well as MRI scans performed on echinoids, the potential of the systematic approach described here is highlighted. Finally, the suitability of non-invasive imaging techniques for the study of other echinoderm taxa is assessed based on multimodal datasets of representative species.

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Aimatuzzahro, Aimatuzzahro, Agus Sufajar, and N. Nurchayati. "Keragaman Bulu Babi (Echinoidea) di Perairan Pantai Pulau Merah Pesanggaran Banyuwangi." JURNAL BIOSENSE 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36526/biosense.v3i2.1159.

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Echinoidea has found in many marine defferences. This invertebrates were usually live in individualisia or in groups. They are live in rough substrate like rock and coastal but there are small group of echinoidea has live in sandy and muddy subtrate. The purpose of this research was to obtain the diversity ofechinoideain pulau merah shore Banyuwangi this research has been done in july 2016. This research used transek quadrat methode, divide 3 station. Station 1 lie down in side bouder of cea water, station 2 lie down in the middle of sea water and station 3 lie down prorude from sea water. In each station divide in 3 transeks and every transecs there were 3 plot. The result of this research showed there were 4 luind of echinoidea, Trineustes gratilla, Echinometra mathaei, Diadema sitosum, Sea urchin. the most many quantities of echinoidea species that found al most in all of the station was Echinometra mathaei the most hig herst diversity indees was Trineustes gratilla in station 2 (H’=1) in station 3(H’=1). In station 3 (H’=1). The most highast dominancy andecs was Echinometra mathaei in station 2 (D=0,664)

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Maretik, Maretik, Ramad Arya Fitra, and Winardi Winardi. "Diversity and Dominance of Sea Urchins (Echinoidea) on Sambalagi Beach, Siompu Island, South Buton Regency." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 23, no. 3 (July 17, 2023): 496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i3.5338.

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Many species of sea urchins (Echinoidea) can be found in the waters of Sembalagi Beach, Siompu Island. However, the diversity of sea urchins (Echinoidea) on the coast has not been scientifically researched and published. This study aims to determine the types, hunting, poaching and dominance of sea urchins (Echinoidea) at Sambalagi Beach, Siompu Island, South Buton Regency. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method with observation techniques. There are three research stations, namely station I (rocky and seagrass substrate), station II (sandy and seagrass substrate), and station III (rocky and seagrass substrate). The data obtained were analyzed using the formulation of documents, documents, secrecy and Shannon-Winner domination. The results showed that there were 5 species of sea urchins (Echinoidea) which namely Diadema setosum, Echinothrix calamaris, Tripneustes gratilla, Echinometra mathaei and Salmacis sphaeroides. The species diversity index (H') for the three abnormalities was classified as moderate, namely station I (H' 1,34), station II (H' 1,18) and station III (H' 1,22). The highest relative abundance of Echinoidea was found in Tripneustes gratilla species at Station II (37,67%) which had a lot and the lowest relative decline index was found in Echinothrix calamaris and Echinometra mathaei at Station III (1,52%) less abundant. The highest evenness index is at station II (0,85) which is very even and the lowest is at station III (0,76) which is more evenly distributed. And the highest dominance index is at station II (0,32) with moderate dominance and the lowest dominance index is at station I (0,29) with low dominance.

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Stabili, Loredana, Patrizia Pagliara, Mercede Metrangolo, and Calogero Canicatti. "Comparative aspects of echinoidea cytolysins: The cytolytic activity of Spherechinus granularis (echinoides) coelomic fluid." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 101, no. 3 (March 1992): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(92)90508-n.

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Holmes, Francis C. "A late Miocene record of the echinoid Maretia (Echinoidea, Spatangoida) from Victoria, Australia." Memoirs of Museum Victoria 72 (2014): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2014.72.05.

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Padang, Anita, Nurlina Nurlina, Tahir Tuasikal, and Rochman Subiyanto. "Kandungan Gizi Bulu Babi (Echinoidea)." Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan 12, no. 2 (October 22, 2019): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.12.2.220-227.

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Bulu babi (Echinoidea) merupakan kelompok hewan lunak bercangkang, tidak memiliki tulang belakang dan termasuk dalam filum Echinodermata. Tubuhnya berbentuk seperti bola dengan cangkang yang keras berkapur dan dipenuhi dengan duri-duri. Bagian tubuh bulu babi yang biasa dimanfaatkan untuk dimakan adalah gonad atau telurnya. Gonad bulu babi merupakan makanan laut yang bergizi. Perairan Tanjung Metiella merupakan perairan yang produktif serta kaya akan sumberdaya laut salah satunya bulu babi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kandungan gizi bulu babi di perairan Tanjung Metiella. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 2 tahap yaitu : 1) Koleksi sampel bulu babi di perairan Tanjung Metiella, 2) Uji kandungan gizi di Laboratorium Balai Riset dan Standarisasi Industri Ambon. Hasil analisa diperoleh kandungan gizi bulu babi jenis Diadema setosum yaitu kadar air 77,56%, kadar abu 2,54%, kadar lemak 2,36%, kadar protein 14,57% dan kadar karbohidrat 3,17% sedangkan bulu babi jenis Echinotrix calamaris yaitu kadar air 79,41%, kadar abu 2,42%, kadar lemak 2,68%, kadar protein 14,07% dan kadar karbohidrat 6,14%. Parameter lingkungan yang terukur selama pengambilan sampel yaitu suhu 28-30°C, salinitas 31-32‰, pH 6-7, kecerahan 100% dan kedalaman perairan 1 m.

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MACGREGOR, A. B., B. CHIR., D. G. MACINNES, and E. A. MARSLAND. "THE TEETH OF THE ECHINOIDEA." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 127, no. 4 (August 20, 2009): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1956.tb00490.x.

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KAŠĆELAN, SLAVICA, SRETEN MANDIĆ, IVICA RADOVIĆ, and JASMINA KRPO-ĆETKOVIĆ. "An annotated checklist of Echinodermata of Montenegro (the south Adriatic Sea)." Zootaxa 2275, no. 1 (October 29, 2009): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2275.1.2.

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Published literature on the echinoderms of Montenegro (the south Adriatic Sea) is still very scarce. As a baseline for future studies that will enhance the knowledge of this fauna, we have compiled a checklist combining the existing published data with original data from a recent research. The checklist of the echinoderm fauna of the Montenegrin part of the south Adriatic Sea includes 57 species, grouped into 39 genera and 30 families, of which one crinoid (Crinoidea), 18 asteroids (Asteroidea), 9 ophiuroids (Ophiuroidea), 15 echinoids (Echinoidea), and 14 holothurians (Holothuroidea), which makes 56.4% of the species recorded so far in the Adriatic Sea, and 37.0% of the current total number of Mediterranean echinoderms. Ten recorded species are Mediterranean endemics, and two are Mediterranean subendemics. Six species are new for the fauna of Montenegro.

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SAUCÈDE, THOMAS, JEAN-CHRISTOPHE DUDICOURT, and PHILIPPE COURVILLE. "Description of two new fossil echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from the Early Hauterivian (Early Cretaceous) of the Paris Basin (France)." Zootaxa 3512, no. 1 (October 10, 2012): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3512.1.5.

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Two new echinoid genera and species, Salvaster roberti gen. et sp. nov. and Pygolampas edita gen. et sp. nov. are de-scribed. They were collected in the Calcaires à Spatangues Formation (CSF) that consists of limestone and clay sedimentsdeposited in the southeast of the Paris Basin (France) during the Early Hauterivian (Early Cretaceous). The CSF is datedfrom the Acanthodiscus radiatus chronozone, a time-interval of overall high sea level in Western Europe, but it yields arich shallow-water fossil fauna mostly represented by benthic invertebrates. Of the 54 echinoid species ever described inthe CSF, 26 species are recognized here. They are distributed into 16 different families, among which regular (13 species)and irregular (13 species) echinoids are represented in equal proportion. This work confirms the high level of echinoid diversity in the CSF for that time-period.

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Hernández, José Carlos, Sabrina Clemente, and Alberto Brito. "Sex-ratio and occurrence of hermaphroditism in populations of Diadema antillarum (Echinoidea: Diadematidae) at two contrasting habitats in Tenerife (Canary Islands)." Vieraea Folia scientiarum biologicarum canariensium 35, Vieraea 35 (2007): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31939/vieraea.2007.35.15.

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Gonad histological examination of the Canary Islands populations of the echinoid Diadema antillarum was conducted in two types of habitats («barrens», i.e. habitats characterised by high visible crustose coralline algal cover typical of urchin-barren grounds, and by absence of macroalgae; and «fringe», i.e. habitats characterised by high macroalgal biomass and few D.antillarum). Sex ratio did not differ significantly from 1:1 at either habitat. One hermaphrodite echinoid was found at the barren habitat out of the total of 572 echinoids examined. Diadema antillarum did not show labile gonochorist and sex determining mechanisms influenced by habitat.

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Conejeros-Vargas, Carlos Andrés, Francisco Alonso Solís-Marín, and Alfredo Laguarda-Figueras. "Equinoideos de mar profundo (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) del Pacífico mexicano." Revista de Biología Tropical 65, no. 1-1 (December 8, 2017): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i1-1.31692.

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Deep-sea echinoderms (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from the Mexican Pacific. The coastal strip of the Mexican Pacific and Gulf of California includes 11 states, and considering Isla Guadalupe and the Revillagigedo archipelago, Mexico has 2 364 200 km2 of marine extension in the Pacific Ocean. Studies of deep benthic macroinvertebrates for this area began with the Albatross, which traveled from the Guadalupe Islands to Guaymas in 1891. To date, 26 species of echinoids have been reported, with a bathymetric range that exceeds 200 m. In the present work, the previous bibliographic records for echinoids that were collected within the limits of the Mexican Pacific were corroborated. The taxonomic identity of the 26 species reported was also corroborated by 11 689 specimens deposited in four scientific collections: two Mexican collections (3 322 specimens in the National Collection of Echinoderms “Dra. M. E. Caso” of the ICML, UNAM and 6 673 specimens deposited in the Invertebrate Reference Collection of the Mazatlán Station - ICML, UNAM) and two international collections (1 420 specimens deposited at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, and 140 specimens deposited at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University). No collection records were found at depths greater than 200 m for the species Lytechinus pictus (Verrill, 1867), Clypeaster europacificus H.L. Clark, 1914, Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz, 1831), Lovenia cordiformis A. Agassiz, 1872 and Brissus obesus Verrill, 1867. No records were found for Kamptosoma asterias (A. Agassiz, 1881), Araeolampas fulva (A. Agassiz, 1879) and Nacospatangus depressus H.L. Clark, 1917, which belonged to specimens collected within the limits of the Mexican Pacific. Within the material examined in the scientific collections specimen records were found only for 18 of the 26 species of sea urchins that were collected at a depths greater than 200 m in the Mexican Pacific. No bibliographic record or specimens were found to validate geographic or bathymetric distribution for eight species. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65(Suppl. 1): S244-S252. Epub 2017 November 01.

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David, Bruno, Thomas Saucède, Anne Chenuil, Emilie Steimetz, and Chantal De Ridder. "The taxonomic challenge posed by the Antarctic echinoids Abatus bidens and Abatus cavernosus (Schizasteridae, Echinoidea)." Polar Biology 39, no. 5 (December 1, 2015): 897–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1842-5.

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Kroh, Andreas. "Hemipatagus, a misinterpreted Loveniid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)." Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 5, no. 2 (January 2007): 163–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477201906002021.

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Remindima, Ferdinand Ndawa Lu, Erfy Melany Lalupanda, and Anita Tamu Ina. "Diversity of echinoderms of class echinoidea and holothuroidea in waingapu old pier, east sumba regency." JPBIO (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi) 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31932/jpbio.v6i2.1102.

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Echinoderms are in habitats in coastal waters because is a biota that can maintain the sustainability and the balance of the coral reef ecosystem. Human activity in utili zing Echinoderms, namely in Echinoidea and Holothuroidea can affect life his life. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of phyla Echinoderms class Echinoidea and Holothuroidea at the Harbor Waingapu Old Pier and its use as a medium Biology learning. The research method used is purposive sampling and analyzed using the approach quantitative descriptive with the Shannon diversity index formula Wiener. Echinoderm samples were calculated using the technique quadratic transects with a plot size of 2 x 2 meters are placed perpendicularly in the direction of 50 meters using a plot of 30 plot. Environmental factors measured are temperature, salinity, degrees acidity (pH) and levels of oxygen (DO). Measurements are taken at each observation station. The results showed 11 species Echinoderms are divided into 2 classes, namely Diadema setosum, Diadema savignyi, Tripneustes gratilla, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, Echinocardium flavescens, Clypeaster subdepressus, and Mespilia globulus from the class Echinoidea. Holothuria atra, Holothuria scraba, Euapta godeffroyi and Chiridota rigida from the class Holothuroidea. The diversity index obtained includes medium category with a value of H = 1.696.

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Forner i Valls, Enric. "Pliotoxaster buitronae especie nueva (Echinoidea) del Aptiense inferior de la Cuenca del Maestrat (Península Ibérica)." Revista Paleontología Mexicana 8, no. 2 (December 11, 2019): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/igl.05437652e.2019.8.2.233.

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El orden Spatangoida es actualmente, dentro de Echinoidea, el grupo más diverso, con unas 350 especies vivientes y unas 1700 especies fósiles descritas. En el Aptiense el orden se diversificó. La Cuenca del Maestrat (Península Ibérica) está en el área de influencia de las placas europea, africana y la pequeña ibérica; estuvo activa desde el Jurásico Superior hasta el Cretácico Inferior, una fase de rifting relacionada con la abertura del centro y del norte del océano Atlántico. Los sedimentos depositados en la cuenca fueron elevados y plegados en el Terciario. La Cuenca del Maestrat tiene una gran riqueza de Echinoidea del orden Spatangoida, que no ha sido estudiada suficientemente. El estudio del orden Spatangoida en el Aptiense resulta especialmente interesante porqué es el momento que coincide con el declinar del género Toxaster, que se extiende desde el Valanginiense hasta el Aptiense, justo cuando emerge el género Pliotoxaster (Aptiense-Cenomaniense). Quizás se produjera una sustitución entre los dos géneros y la Cuenca del Maestrat es un buen escenario para intentar comprobarlo. El objetivo inmediato de este estudio es mejorar el conocimiento de la fauna fósil de Echinoidea de la Cuenca del Maestrat. Forma parte de unos objetivos a más largo plazo. Por una parte, comprobar la sustitución del género Toxaster por Pliotoxaster y, por otra, elaborar una biozonación para la cuenca con Echinoidea, donde los Spatangoida, por su abundancia, pueden jugar un papel importante. Esta investigación es parte de un trabajo cuantitativo previo con una muestra importante (de 1.871 ejemplares), que ha permitido conocer la variabilidad intraespecífica y el comportamiento de las medidas básicas (longitud, anchura y altura) a lo largo de la ontogenia de esta especie. Disponer de muchos ejemplares con buena conservación ha posibilitado estudiar todos los caracteres significativos para la clasificación de la especie. En este trabajo se describe una especie nueva: Pliotoxaster buitronae, del Aptiense inferior; Formación Margas del Forcall, de Fuentes de Rubielos (Aragón, España). Se avanza en el conocimiento de la fauna de Echinoidea de la Cuenca sedimentaria del Maestrat. Se mejora el conocimiento del género Pliotoxaster y de los cambios que se producen dentro del orden Spatangoida en el Aptiense. Se dedica una especie a la eminente paleontóloga mexicana Blanca Estela Buitrón Sánchez, que tanto ha contribuido al conocimiento de la clase Echinoidea en México y zonas colindantes. El trabajo se ha limitado al estudio de una sola especie de Spatangoida de la Cuenca del Maestrat, pero tiene implicaciones sobre la precisión de la definición del propio género Pliotoxaster, y confirma la existencia de este género en la Cuenca del Maestrat durante el Aptiense inferior, en el momento que está iniciando su expansión. El estudio concluye que se considera válido el género Pliotoxaster y se apunta la conveniencia de hacer una corrección en su diagnosis. El sistema apical de Pliotoxaster puede ser tanto semietmolítico, con la placa madrepórica separando las dos placas genitales posteriores (según se consideraba hasta ahora), como etmofracto, con las placas G1 y G4 en contacto, como ocurre en la especie nueva aquí descrita.

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Saucède, Thomas, Sophie Benetti, and Bruno David. "Fossil echinoid (Echinoidea, Echinodermata) diversity of the Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian) in the Paris Basin (France)." ZooKeys 325 (August 20, 2013): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.325.5085.

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Hopkins, Melanie J., and Andrew B. Smith. "Dynamic evolutionary change in post-Paleozoic echinoids and the importance of scale when interpreting changes in rates of evolution." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 12 (February 23, 2015): 3758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1418153112.

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How ecological and morphological diversity accrues over geological time has been much debated by paleobiologists. Evidence from the fossil record suggests that many clades reach maximal diversity early in their evolutionary history, followed by a decline in evolutionary rates as ecological space fills or due to internal constraints. Here, we apply recently developed methods for estimating rates of morphological evolution during the post-Paleozoic history of a major invertebrate clade, the Echinoidea. Contrary to expectation, rates of evolution were lowest during the initial phase of diversification following the Permo-Triassic mass extinction and increased over time. Furthermore, although several subclades show high initial rates and net decreases in rates of evolution, consistent with “early bursts” of morphological diversification, at more inclusive taxonomic levels, these bursts appear as episodic peaks. Peak rates coincided with major shifts in ecological morphology, primarily associated with innovations in feeding strategies. Despite having similar numbers of species in today’s oceans, regular echinoids have accrued far less morphological diversity than irregular echinoids due to lower intrinsic rates of morphological evolution and less morphological innovation, the latter indicative of constrained or bounded evolution. These results indicate that rates of evolution are extremely heterogenous through time and their interpretation depends on the temporal and taxonomic scale of analysis.

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Queiroz, Vinicius, Vincenzo Arizza, Mirella Vazzana, Enrique-E. Rozas, and Marcio-R. Custódio. "Cytocentrifugation as an additional method to study echinoderm coelomocytes: a comparative approach combining living cells, stained preparations, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy." Revista de Biología Tropical 69, Suppl.1 (March 23, 2021): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v69isuppl.1.46348.

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Introduction: Echinoderm coelomocytes have traditionally been investigated through a morphological approach using light microscopy, which relies on the idea of constant cell shape as a stable character. However, this can be affected by biotic or abiotic conditions. Objective: To analyze if the consistency in cell morphology offered by the cytocentrifugation method, might be used as a convenient tool to study echinoderm coelomocytes. Methods: Cells of Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis (Asteroidea), Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa (Holothuroidea), Eucidaris tribuloides, Arbacia lixula, Lytechinus variegatus, and Echinometra lucunter (Echinoidea) were spread on microscope slides by cytocentrifugation, stained, and analyzed through light microscopy. Additionally, fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy were applied to cytospin preparations, to complement the analysis of granular and colorless spherulocytes of Eucidaris tribuloides. Results: Altogether, 11 cell types, including phagocytes, spherulocytes, vibratile cells, and progenitor cells were identified in the samples analyzed. The granular spherulocyte, a newly-described cell type, was observed in all Echinoidea and was very similar to the acidophilic spherulocytes of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa. Conclusions: Cytocentrifugation proved to be versatile, either as the main method of investigation in stained preparations, or as a framework on which other procedures may be performed. Its ability to maintain a constant morphology allowed accurate correspondence between live and fixed/stained cells, differentiation among similar spherulocytes as well as comparisons between similar cells of Holothuroidea and Echinoidea.

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Eman, Ailen Imanuel, Erly Yosef Kaligis, Chatrien Annita Luzianna Sinjal, and Billy Theodorus Wagey. "KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KEPADATAN ECHINOIDEA DAN ASTEROIDEA DI RATAAN TERUMBU KARANG PERAIRAN TONGKAINA DAN BAHOWO KOTA MANADO (." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 9, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.9.1.2021.33075.

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The waters of Tongkaina, which are part of northern Manado's waters, are known to have mangrove, seagrass, and seaweed ecosystems. Therefore efforts are needed to manage the population and diversity of echinoderms in these waters. Echinoderms' ecology has an essential role in maintaining the marine ecosystem's balance, which plays a role in recycling nutrients. This study aimed to determine diversity, species density, species relative density, species frequency, species relative frequency, dominance, and the index of importance of Echinoidea and Asteroidea's species in the waters of the Tongkaina Village and their density. The method used in this research is the quadratic line transect method. First of all, the survey was conducted to the sampling site's location in the coral reef flats of Tongkaina Village's waters, including Tongkaina beach and Bahowo beach, before operating the sampling. Then the observation stations were determined, namely Tongkaina waters (near Batu Meja) and Bahowo waters. The quadratic line transect method is used in this research. Species of class Echinoidea and Asteroidea in the quadrat were recorded among the total of individuals, and the species is documented. This study's results indicate that six species were found, including the survey, and five species were found based on the line transect method with 182 individuals. Including Asteroidea 85 Individuals and Echinoidea 99 Individuals. Value of Diversity at station 1 has a value of H '= 1.170 with a dominance of C = 0.364, while at Station 2 has a value of H' = 1.232 and dominance value of C = 0.316. the highest density in Station 1 is Diadema savigny 1.967 ind/m2 relative 50.86%, and Linckia laevigata with the highest frequency Fi = 0.533. The highest important value index is Diadema savigny, with a value of 81.09%, while at station 2, the Protoreaster nodosus has the highest value of important value index with a value of 87.51%. These species also have the highest density of 0.933 ind/m2 and a relative number of 41.79%.Keywords: Tongkaina, Echinoderm, Line Transect Quadrat Method, Asteroidea, Echinoidea, Coral Reef Flat

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Pratama, Fachry Rizky, Suryanti Suryanti, and Agung Suryanto. "PEMETAAN SEBARAN ECHINODERMATA PADA KARAKTERISTIK PERAIRAN PULAU MENJANGAN KECIL, TAMAN NASIONAL KARIMUNJAWA (Mapping The Echinoderms Distribution In Coastal Characteristics Of Menjangan Kecil Island, Karimunjawa National Park)." Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) 6, no. 4 (July 25, 2018): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/marj.v6i4.21331.

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Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam rangka memperoleh informasi tentang sebaran echinodermata pada karakteristik perairan Pulau Menjangan Kecil, Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Mei 2017. Stasiun Penelitian dibagi menjadi empat stasiun beradasarkan karakteristik perairannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelurusan, koleksi bebas, dan observasi. Posisi echinodermata direkam dengan menggunakan GPS(Geographical Position System) kemudian dipetakan menggunakanan ArcGIS 10.3. Peta tersebut kemudian disatukan (overlayed) dengan peta terumbu karang untuk mengetahui keberadaan echinodermata yang ditemukan. Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh 3 jenis echinodermata dengan kelimpahannya yaitu : Echinoidea (346), Holothuridea (54), Asteroidea (27). Spesies yang ditemukan berjumlah 16 spesies.Stasiun 1 memiliki kelimpahan tertinggi 156, Stasiun 2 (101), Stasiun 3 (71), Stasiun 4 (99), aktivitas wisata terdapat pada stasiun 1 dan 4. Sebaran Echinoidea ditemukan disekitar terumbu karang (bulu babi) dan daerah lamun (sand dollar), Holothuridea ditemukan pada daerah lamun, susbtrat pasir dan terumbu karang, Asteroidea Linckia laevigata, Nardoa tuberculata ditemukan di daerah terumbu karang, sedangkan Culcita novaeguineae dtemukan pada daerah lamun dan karang. The objective of this study was to obtain an information about the distribution of echinoderms in the coastal characteristics of menjangan kecil island, Karimunjawa National Park. The research was conducted in May 2017. The Research Station is divided into four stations based on its coastal characteristics. The methods used in this study were road sampling technique, freehandpicking, and observastion. Echinoderms position recorded using GPS (Geographical Positioning System) and then mapped by using ArcGIS 10.3. Echinodermata map was overlay with a coral reef map to determine the distribution. Based on research gained 3 kinds of echinoderms with abundance are: Echinoidea (346), Holothuridea (54), Asteroidea (27). Species found with 16 species. Station 1 has the highest abundance 156, Station 2 (101), Station 3 (71), Station 4 (99), there is a tourist activity at stations 1 and 4. Distribution of Echinoidea was found around coral reefs (sea urchins) and seagrass areas (sand dollars ), Holothuridea found in seagrass area, susbtrat sand and coral reefs, Asteroidea Linckia laevigata, Nardoa tuberculata was found in the coral reef, and Culcita novaeguineae was found on seagrass and coral area.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Echinoidea'

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