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Journal articles on the topic 'Echites'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Bucol, Lilibeth, Andre Cadivida, and Billy Wagey. "Sediment removal activities of the sea cucumbers Pearsonothuria graeffei and Actinopyga echinites in Tambisan, Siquijor Island, Central Philippines." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 6, no. 1 (July 17, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.6.1.2018.19454.

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Teripang terkenal mengkonsumsi sejumlah besar sedimen dan dalam proses meminimalkan jumlah lumpur yang negatif dapat mempengaruhi organisme benthic, termasuk karang. Kegiatan pengukuran kuantitas pelepasan sedimen dua spesies holothurians (Pearsonuthuria graeffei dan Actinophyga echites) ini dilakukan di area yang didominasi oleh ganggang dan terumbu terumbu karang di Pulau Siquijor, Filipina. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa P. graeffei melepaskan sedimen sebanyak 12.5±2.07% sementara pelepasan sedimen untuk A. echinites sebanyak 10.4±3.79%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua spesies ini lebih memilih substrat yang didominasi oleh macroalgae, diikuti oleh substrat berpasir dan coralline alga

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2

Morales, J. Francisco. "ESTUDIOS EN LAS APOCYNACEAE NEOTROPICALES XXXIV: UNA NUEVA ESPECIE DE ECHITES (APOCYNOIDEAE, ECHITEAE) PARA COSTA RICA." Rodriguésia 59, no. 1 (January 2008): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860200859112.

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3

Williams, Justin K., and J. Francisco Morales. "Lectotypification of Echites campanulata Sessé & Moç. (Apocynaceae )." TAXON 55, no. 3 (August 2006): 779–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25065651.

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4

MORALES, J. FRANCISCO, and SIGRID LIEDE-SCHUMANN. "The genus Prestonia (Apocynaceae) in Colombia." Phytotaxa 265, no. 3 (June 15, 2016): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.265.3.2.

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A treatment of Prestonia in Colombia is presented, including a key to the 25 species, descriptions, distribution data, and selected specimens examined. Prestonia megagros is reported for the country for first time, and conversely, P. surinamensis is excluded. Prestonia antioquiana is newly described and ilustrated. A lectotype is designated for Echites megagros.

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5

Morales, J. Francisco. "A Reevaluation of Echites and Prestonia Sect. Coalitae (Apocynaceae)." Brittonia 49, no. 3 (July 1997): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2807832.

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6

Middleton, David J. "(1646) Proposal to reject the name Echites trichotoma ( Apocynaceae : Apocynoideae )." TAXON 53, no. 4 (November 2004): 1071–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4135581.

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7

Turner, I. M. "(2293) Proposal to conserve the name Echites paniculatus Roxb. (Anodendron paniculatum) against Echites paniculatus Poir. (Apocynaceae)." Taxon 63, no. 3 (June 30, 2014): 682–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/633.24.

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8

Williams, Justin K. "A further evaluation of Echites sect. Yucatanense (Apocynaceae) with additional notes on the genus." Brittonia 54, no. 4 (2002): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0007-196x(2003)54[310:afeoes]2.0.co;2.

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9

Tschinkel, Paula F. S., Elaine S. P. Melo, Hugo S. Pereira, Kassia R. N. Silva, Daniela G. Arakaki, Nayara V. Lima, Melina R. Fernandes, et al. "The Hazardous Level of Heavy Metals in Different Medicinal Plants and Their Decoctions in Water: A Public Health Problem in Brazil." BioMed Research International 2020 (March 13, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1465051.

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The determination of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Na, Zn, and Pb by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was performed on dry matter and decoctions of the medicinal plants Cordia salicifolia, Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc., and Echites peltata used as an appetite suppressant and diuretic in Brazil. The accuracy of the measurements was analyzed by the spike recovery test. Results showed that the concentration of these seven metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Na, and Zn) in dry plant samples is below the oral concentration of elemental impurities established by the United States Pharmacopoeia Convention (USP). However, there are no concentration limits for Fe, Na, and Zn established by the USP in drug substances and excipients. Levels higher than the recommended value by the USP were observed for Pb and the lowest for Cd, Co, Cr, and Cu, both in dried plant samples and their decoctions. In the decoctions prepared from these plants were found elements such as Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Na, Zn, and Pb. In the decoction prepared from 40 g C. salicifolia leaves and 40 g C. alba wood, the content of Cd is above the oral daily exposure value set by the USP. Hazard index (HI) for decoctions prepared from these plants exceeded the threshold (1). Given the uncertainties associated with the estimates of toxicity values and exposure factors, futures researches should address the possible toxicity in humans. Uncontrolled selling and long-term ingestion of medicinal plants can cause toxicity and interfere with the effect of drugs. Limited knowledge on the interaction potential of medicinal plants poses a challenge and public health problem in Brazil and other countries.

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10

Espejel, Ileana, Oscar Jiménez-Orocio, Gonzalo Castillo-Campos, Pedro P. Garcillán, Lucero Álvarez, Silvia Castillo-Argüero, Rafael Durán, et al. "Flora en playas y dunas costeras de México." Acta Botanica Mexicana, no. 121 (October 2, 2017): 39–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/abm121.2017.1290.

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Antecedentes y Objetivos: Se presenta el primer listado florístico de las playas y dunas costeras de México, actualizado y respaldado por ejemplares de herbario.Métodos: Se revisaron 14 herbarios nacionales y extranjeros. Se sobrepuso una retícula de 2 × 2 km al mapa de la costa y de las dunas costeras de México para referir todos los registros que corresponden a 2180 sitios con 12,419 ejemplares de plantas. Se calcularon índices de diversidad, similitud, diversidad taxonómica y redundancia.Resultados clave: La flora registrada consta de 153 familias, 897 géneros y 2075 especies de plantas vasculares, las cuales representan 9.5% de la flora vascular de México. Las cinco colecciones con índices de redundancia altos IR≥0.7 son los herbarios de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MEXU, IR=0.9), del Centro de Investigación Científicas de Yucatán (CICY, IR=0.8), y los del Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (HCIB), el Instituto de Ecología, A.C. (XAL) y el del Museo de Historia Natural de San Diego (SD), cada uno con un IR de 0.7. Se reconocen cinco regiones florísticas que corresponden a los mares de México. El Pacífico Norte tiene mayor diversidad taxonómica y el Pacífico Sur menor diversidad taxonómica. El Golfo de California, Golfo de México y Mar Caribe tienen diversidades taxonómicas similares. Las especies con más registros son Trianthema portulacastrum (165), Croton punctatus (107), Echites umbelllatus (106) e Ipomoea pes-caprae (90). Por el carácter de ecotono de las dunas costeras, la mayoría de las especies se comparten con los tipos de vegetación vecinos (selvas, matorrales, y humedales como las marismas y manglares).Conclusiones: Esta primera lista de la flora en playas y dunas de México es la base para múltiples estudios florísticos regionales y locales, biogeográficos, y ecológicos; además, que será importante para su uso en temas de impacto ambiental y manejo costero.

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11

P.O., Manafa, Osmond E.O., Onyenekwe C.C., Okeke C.O., Chukwuma G.O., Ihim A.C., Ogenyi S.I., Chukwuanukwu R.C., Manafa C.C., and Nnadi E.C. "Assessment Of Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha (Tnf- Α) And Creatinine Levels In Echis Ocellatus Bite Victims In Jos Metropolis, Nigeria." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 21 (July 29, 2016): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n21p70.

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This study was designed to assess tumour necrosis factor-alpha and creatinine levels in Echis ocellatus bite victims. A total of 50 subjects were recruited. Out of this number, 40 were victims of E. ocellatus bite and the remaining 10 were non-victims of snake bite who served as the control group. Blood samples were collected from the victims within 24 hours of the snake bite and EchiTAb-G antivenom administered within the same period. Another batch of blood sample was collected 48 hours post-administration of the anti-venom. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were estimated by the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique while creatinine levels were determined using kinetic-spectrophotometric procedure. The mean serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and creatinine were significantly increased in E. ocellatus bite victims compared with the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the mean serum level of TNFalpha was significantly lower in E. ocellatus bite victims, post-administration of anti-venom, compared with the pre-administration of anti-venom (P<0.05). In contrast, no significant difference was observed in the mean serum level of creatinine in E. ocellatus bite victims, post-administration of anti-venom, compared with the pre-administration of anti-venom (P>0.05). Moreover, the mean serum level of creatinine was found to be significantly increased in E. ocellatus bite victims, post-administration of anti-venom, compared with the control group (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed in the mean serum level of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in E. ocellatus bite victims, post-administration of anti-venom, compared with the control group(P>0.05). A positive correlation existed between tumour necrosis factor-alpha and creatinine levels in E. ocellatus bite subjects (r= 0.782). Echis ocellatus bite is a risk factor for renal damage indicated by an elevated serum creatinine, thus health authorities should make EchiTAb-G anti-venom freely available in health facilities and administered as quickly as possible to reduce the risk of renal damage in Echis ocellatus bite-prone areas.

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12

Khalid, Huda, Maowia Mohammed Mukhtar, and Nicki Konstantakopoulos. "Cytotoxiciy of Naja nubiae (Serpentes: Elapidae) and Echis ocellatus (Serpentes: Viperidae) Venoms from Sudan." Journal of Toxins 2015 (March 15, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/167492.

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In Sudan, as in many African countries, no local specific antivenom is manufactured resulting in snake bite victims being treated by antivenoms imported from abroad. In the present work we measured the cytotoxic effect of the recently described spitting cobra (Naja nubiae) and the carpet viper (Echis ocellatus) snake venoms using a cell based assay. We also investigated the efficacy of four antivenoms CSL (Australia), SAIMR (South Africa), snake venom antiserum (India), and EchiTAb-Plus-ICP (Cost Rica) to neutralize the cytotoxic effect of the two venoms. The venoms resulted in a remarkable inhibition of cell viability with N. nubiae being more cytotoxic than E. ocellatus. The four antivenoms studied were effective in neutralizing N. nubiae cytotoxicity. However, only partial efficacy in neutralizing the cytotoxic effect of E. ocellatus was achieved using CSL (Australia) and SVA (India) antivenoms. Based on the cross neutralization by the four antivenoms, the Sudanese N. nubiae venom most likely has homologous epitopes with similar snakes from Australia, South Africa, India, and Cost Rica, while E. ocellatus venom from Sudan shares little homology with similar snakes from other countries.

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13

Sime, A. A. T., and G. J. Cranmer. "Age and Growth of North Sea Echinoids." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 65, no. 3 (August 1985): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400052437.

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The genus Echinus is common throughout the entire northern North Sea. Echinus esculentus L. predominates in the shallow water off the eastern Scottish coast down to 100 m, while the small variety of Echinus acutus var. norvegicus (Düben and Koren) is rarely found in depths of less than 100 m and is most commonly located in the north-eastern area of the North Sea (Cranmer, 1985).

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14

Cruz Neto, João, José Wellington Macêdo Viana, Viviane Bezerra da Silva, Adrielle Rodrigues Costa, Maria Haiele Nogueira da Costa, Marcos Aurélio Figueiredo dos Santos, Joice Layanne Guimarães Rodrigues, et al. "Revisão do uso medicinal de Rhaphiodon echinus Schauer (Lamiaceae): Atividades biológica e farmacológica." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): e31210313312. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13312.

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Objetivou-se realizar uma revisão bibliográfica acerca das atividades biológica e farmacológica de Rhaphiodon echinus. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa norteada pela seguinte pergunta: Quais as evidências cientificas acerca da atividade biológica e farmacológica da R. echinus? Elegeu-se as bases: MEDLINE, PUBMED, BDENF, SCOPUS e WoS para a pesquisa. Foi identificada uma população de 54 estudos cuja amostra caracterizou-se por nove artigos. Suscita-se que óleo essencial e os extratos etanólico e aquoso de R. echinus possuem compostos químicos de relevância em testes fitoquímicos e farmacológicos, demonstrando atividades antioxidantes e anti-inflamatória, além de atividade antimicrobiana contra Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa ao potencializar a ação de fármacos como gentamicina e ciprofloxacino, assim como atividade antifúngica contra Candida albicans. Ademais, a atividade fitoterápica de R. echinus em chás, xaropes e banhos é observada contra inflamação uterina, gripe, cólica intestinal e infecção do trato urinário. Em suma, ressalta-se que são necessários novos estudos envolvendo R. echinus na área de etnobotânica a fim de melhor entender sua utilização e interfaces com o saber popular com vistas ao seu uso na prática clínica.

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15

Pijnappels, Kees. "Echie." Advocatenblad 100, no. 8 (October 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/ab/0165-13312020100008001.

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16

Solano, C., R. G. Cobcroft, and D. C. Scott. "Prediction of Vitamin K Response Using the Echis Time and Echis-Prothrombin Time Ratio." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 64, no. 03 (1990): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1647317.

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Summary Echis carinatus venom contains proteases capable of activating both normal and descarboxy prothrombin. We showed this venom (Sigma) principally activates prothrombin with almost no factor X activation. Echis time in combination with prothrombin time can predict vitamin K responsiveness since the Echis time is usually normal in the presence of descarboxy prothrombin associated with vitamin K deficiency.38 patients with abnormal routine prothrombin times (PT) had both coagulant and immunogenic factor II assays along with Echis times done before and after vitamin K. Of 22 patients responding to vitamin K, based on correction of PT, 21 had normal initial Echis times and of 16 not responding, 11 had abnormal Echis times, giving a sensitivity of 95.4% and specificity of 68.8% for vitamin K responsiveness. 90% of patients with a PT/Echis time ratio <1.3 and a prolonged Echis time did not correct their PTs with vitamin K therapy.The 5 non-responders with normal Echis times all showed normal initial coagulant and antigenic prothrombin, but 3 had low F V and/or F VII.

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17

Kalinin, Vladimir I. "Echinoderms Metabolites: Structure, Functions, and Biomedical Perspectives." Marine Drugs 19, no. 3 (February 26, 2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19030125.

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18

Nwala, Michael Alozie. "Aspects of the Grammar of Past Tense and the Present Perfective Aspect in English and Echie: A Contrastive Account." AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities 9, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijah.v9i1.8.

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The absence of a parallel equivalence in the grammar of past tense and perfective aspect in English and Echie is significantly responsible for the errors that occur in the related sentences of the Echie second language learners of English. This article is a contrastive analysis of the grammar of past tense and present perfect tense in English and Echie and it highlighted the structural specifics of each of the languages. Using the descriptive research design, the data for this study were gathered through the primary sources (ten competent native speakers of Echie were interviewed) and the secondary sources (examples generated from textual materials). Our description showed a complete range of morphological differences in past tense and present perfect tense of English and Echie as seen in the use of 1st, 2nd and 3rd persons singular and plural respectively. The paper concludes that the parametric variation in the past tense and perfective aspect of English and Echie languages show that every language is unique in some sort. Key Words: Contrastive, grammar, tense, parametric, descriptive, interference; language.

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19

Dias, Carla Tatiana de Vasconcelos, and Lúcia Helena Piedade Kiill. "Ecologia da polinização de Raphiodon echinus (Nees & Mart.) Schauer (Lamiaceae) em Petrolina, PE, Brasil." Acta Botanica Brasilica 21, no. 4 (December 2007): 977–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062007000400022.

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Raphiodon echinus é uma espécie de hábito rasteiro, que ocorre espontaneamente em áreas de caatinga. No presente trabalho foram observados a biologia reprodutiva desta espécie com o objetivo de contribuir com informações sobre sua ecologia da polinização. As observações foram feitas em áreas de caatinga da Embrapa Semi-Árido, em Petrolina, PE. Para os experimentos de autopolinização espontânea, autopolinização manual, apomixia, geitonogamia, xenogamia, botões foram ensacados, emasculados e polinizados, quando necessário. Flores foram marcadas para estimar a polinização em condições naturais. Os visitantes florais foram observados das 7h30 min às 16h00, totalizando 45 horas de observações. As flores de R. echinus são infundibuliformes, de coloração violeta, exalam odor adocicado e estão reunidas em glomérulos. A antese é diurna, assincrônica, sendo mais freqüente no período da manhã, por volta das 07h00. A duração das flores é de aproximadamente 10 horas e cada inflorescência apresenta número variado de flores/dia. As flores são visitadas por abelhas e borboletas. Centris hyptidis foi responsável por 26% do total das visitas e, de acordo com o comportamento e freqüência de visitas, foi considerada como polinizador efetivo desta espécie. Quanto ao sistema de reprodução, R. echinus é autógama facultativa, produzindo frutos por autopolinização manual (70%), geitonogamia (63%) e xenogamia (40%).

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20

Liu, Zhenzhen, Wen Xi, and Haibo Li. "The feasibility of hollow echinus-like NiCo2O4 nanocrystals for hybrid capacitive deionization." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 6, no. 2 (2020): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ew00939f.

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21

Ma, Bing, Huimei Cui, and Chen Zhao. "A nickel-phyllosilicate core–echinus catalyst via a green and base additive free hydrothermal approach for hydrogenation reactions." Chemical Communications 53, no. 75 (2017): 10358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc06116a.

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We report a new hydrothermal and basic-additive free process for synthesizing a core(single-crystalline HBEA zeolite)–echinus(nickel phyllosilicate) catalyst, which exhibits excellent reactivity and stability for hydrogenation reactions.

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22

Praslička, J., and A. Barteková. "Occurrence of predatory mites of the Phytoseiidae family on apple-trees in integrated and ecological orchards." Plant Protection Science 44, No. 2 (July 20, 2008): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7/2008-pps.

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During the 2005–2007, we identified six species of predatory mites in the integrated and an ecological orchard: <I>Phytoseius echinus</I>, <I>Phytoseius macropilis</I>, <I>Euseius finlandicus</I>, <I>Typhlodromus pyri</I>, <I>Paraseiulus triporus</I> and <I>Amblyseius andersoni</I>. The species <I>Phytoseius echinus</I>, <I>Euseius finlandicus</I> and <I>Typhlodromus pyri</I> occurred in both orchards. <I>Phytoseius echinus</I> was dominant especially in the ecological orchard, where its abundance was almost 60% of the overall number of detected mites. The number of all predatory mites differed considerably in the orchards; there was a higher abundance in the ecological orchard. <I>Euseius finlandicus</I> abundance was 38.32% in the integrated orchard and almost 17.61% in the ecological orchard. <I>Typhlodromus pyri</I> abundance was 17.96% in the integrated orchard and 13.63% in the ecological orchard. <I>Paraseiulus triporus</I>, <I>Amblyseius andersoni</I> and <I>Phytoseius macropilis</I> were less abundant.

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23

Conlon, J. Michael, Samir Attoub, Hama Arafat, Milena Mechkarska, Nicholas R. Casewell, Robert A. Harrison, and Juan J. Calvete. "Cytotoxic activities of [Ser49]phospholipase A2 from the venom of the saw-scaled vipers Echis ocellatus, Echis pyramidum leakeyi, Echis carinatus sochureki, and Echis coloratus." Toxicon 71 (September 2013): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.05.017.

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24

Moura-Da-Silva, A. M., M. J. I. Paine, R. D. G. Theakston, and J. M. Crampton. "Molecular studies of haemorrhagins from Kenyan Echis (Echis pyramidum leakeyi) venom." Toxicon 33, no. 5 (May 1995): 588–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(95)90102-7.

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25

Ohnesorg, Aenne. "A small votive capital from Kythera." Annual of the British School at Athens 99 (November 2004): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400017111.

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The fragment of a marble volute found near Palaiopolis was at first identified as part of a capital, and later interpreted as an altar akroterion. By measuring, drawing and analysing the details of the fragment, it has become clear that it must be reconstructed as a capital. Its size is determined by the axes of the ornamental leaves of the cushion and the diameter of the echinus, which lead to 2 alternatives (FIG. 3). The capital as such is unusual with its flat volutes with large rosette eyes, the ‘attic’ two-tiered echinus, the omphalos-like disk on the front of the ‘spandrel’ and the leaf patterns on the cushion. The almost eclectic use of features from different regions of the Ancient World makes dating difficult. An origin in the later sixth century BC seems probable. It would appear to be a votive capital that perhaps bore the plinth of a votive sculpture.

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Komar, D., M. Dolenec, T. Dolenec, P. Vrhovnik, S. Lojen, G. Kniewald, S. S. Matešić, Ž. Lambaša Belak, and M. Orlando-Bonaca. "Benthic organisms as ecological indicators for the status assessment of coastal ecosystems." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 8 (August 24, 2017): 1907–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417001527.

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The presence of potentially toxic elements (PTE) was determined in different tissues of five selected marine organisms. The As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations were measured in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa, the green alga Cladophora echinus, the red alga Gelidiella lubrica, the marine topshell Phorcus turbinatus and the littoral crab Carcinus aestuarii, as well as in seawater from Makirina Bay. The levels of As, Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn in the biota were found to exceed those in previously analysed sediments, indicating the bioaccumulation of these PTE. The biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) and concentration factor (CF) varied among different organisms. As regards the five selected species, C. nodosa, C. echinus and G. lubrica proved to be the strongest accumulators of Mn, while P. turbinatus and C. aestuarii showed a high capacity to accumulate As, Cd, Cu and Zn. These species can be considered as good ecological indicators in the assessment of PTE pollution in marine littoral environments.

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VELU, CHINAVENMENI S., and NATESAN MUNUSWAMY. "Updated diagnoses for the Indian species of Streptocephalus (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca)." Zootaxa 1049, no. 1 (September 13, 2005): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1049.1.3.

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The taxonomic status of the Indian Streptocephalus (S. dichotomus, S. echinus, S. longimanus S. spinifer, and S. simplex) is reevaluated and updated with additional information on various features such as penes, cercopods, and cysts. Surface ornamentation of the cysts is species-specific and therefore useful in identification.

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28

de Chambrier, Alain, Philippe V. Alves, Rolf K. Schuster, and Tomáš Scholz. "Ophiotaenia echidis n. sp. (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) from the saw-scaled viper, Echis carinatus sochureki Stemmler (Ophidia: Viperidae), one of the world's deadliest snakes, from the United Arab Emirates." International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 14 (April 2021): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.03.006.

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29

Gage, J. D. "Growth Bands in the sea Urchin Echinus Esculentus: Results from Tetracycline-Mark/Recapture." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 72, no. 1 (February 1992): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400048918.

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Recoveries of tetracycline-labelled specimens of the sea urchin Echinus esculentus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from a wild population marked two years previously indicate very low skeletal growth rates in large adults. The post-tag growth in the test of a smaller specimen showed two clear growth zones in the middle layer of the plates, this conforming to the expectation of a single growth band each year. Merging of the spinochrome pigment bands present in the outer layer near the plate edge in older urchins will probably result in underestimation of age based on counts of these bands.The large literature on growth banding in the European sea urchin Echinus esculentus L. and other echinoids is reviewed by Pearse & Pearse (1975), Smith (1980) and Gage (1991). Moore (1935) utilised spinochrome pigment banding in the genital (apical) plates of E. esculentus from the Isle of Man (Irish Sea) and Firth of Clyde (western Scotland) in one of the first studies utilising growth bands to interpret the age structure and growth rates of sea urchins. A single band was assumed to be formed each year. Counts of spinochrome bands have been used to obtain nearly all subsequently published age data for this species (Sime, 1982; Nichols et al., 1985; Sime & Cranmer, 1985; Comely & Ansell, 1988).The present study was aimed at helping to resolve differing interpretations of age and growth rates in Echinus esculentus provided by these studies. This was undertaken by time marking the skeletal plates of a large sample of a wild population accessible by scuba diving on a submerged rock reef at 10–15 m depth off the islet of Eilean Mor near the Dunstaffnage Laboratory.

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Polkhov, S. A. "Ōta Gyūichi. “Shinchō-kō ki”. Book VIII (part 2)." Orientalistica 3, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 938–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2020-3-4-938-967.

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The publication provides a commented translation into Russian of the book VIII of Shinchō ō ki chronicle. The article continues the series of translations of books of Shinchō ō ki, published by the author. Shinchō ō ki is a biography of the so called “unifier of Japan” Oda Nobunaga (1534–1582). This is one of the most important sources on the history of Japan in the end of the Middle Ages – beginning of the Early Modern period. This present redaction dates back most likely to the 16th – beginning of the 17th cent. The author of the chronicle is O̅ ta Gyu̅ ichi (1527–1613?) the vassal of Nobunaga. This part of the chronicle describes the campaign of Oda Nobunaga in 1575 in the province of Echizen, which had previously come under the control of the Ikko̅ -ikki forces. Having brutally dealt with Ikko̅ -ikki’s supporters, Nobunaga regained his power over Echizen. Scroll VIII contains the text of Nobunaga's instructions to his vassal Shibata Katsuie. Katsuie was to be guided by these instructions when governing Echizen province. In addition, in this part of his work, O:̅ta Gyu̅ iti narrates about other important events, in particular, the assignment to the “unifier of Japan” posts at the Imperial court, as well as the transfer by Nobunaga of the headship of the Oda house to his eldest son Nobutada. The first academic translation of Shinchō ō ki into Russian is accompanied by a detailed commentary. The present author offers there a comparison between the data found in the chronicle against other sources. In addition, in the commentary comprises the authors interpretation of the difficult passages from the Shinchō ō ki along the traditional views on their meaning as expressed in the modern scholarship.

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Babaee, Zohreh, Maryam Norouzi, Samaneh Mosaferi, and Maryam Keshavarzi. "Karyotype analysis and chromosome number for two Cirsium taxa (Asteraceae) in Iran." Turczaninowia 24, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.24.1.10.

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Cirsium Mill. contains more than 250 species in the world mainly distributed in the Northern hemisphere. Different chromosome numbers with different ploidy levels were reported in this genus. In this study, karyotype details and chromosome numbers were established for two Cirsium taxa in Iran. C. ciliatum subsp. szovitsii and C. echinus had the mitotic chromosome numbers of 2n = 2x = 34. Karyotype analyses showed that chromosomes were generally metacentric and sub-metacentric. In C. echinus, Lowshan population had the longest chromosome (19.10 µm) and Heyran Canyon population (4.73 µm) the shortest one while in C. ciliatum, the longest chromosome was observed in Urmia to Salmas population (14.67 µm) and the shortest one (4.71 µm) in Doshanlu population. Total haploid chromosome length ranged from 275.29 to 376.42 µm in populations studied. Both taxa were grouped in 2B class. B-chromosomes were recorded for two taxa studied too. Chromosome type, mitotic chromosome numbers and occurrence of B-chromosomes were in agreement with previous results (Albers, Pröbsting, 1998; Lövkvist, Hultgård, 1999; Yüksel et al., 2013; Yildiz et al., 2016).

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32

Fatima, Syeda, Nazia Aslam, Sofia Khalid, Kalim Ullah, Khizar Abbas, Shahzad Hussain, Syed Sajid Hussain Shah, Zia-Ur-Rahman Qureshi, Mughal Qayum, and Muhammad Hassham Hassan Bin Asad. "Antihyaluronidase and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Activities of Medicinal Plants to Combat Echis carinatus Venom-Induced Toxicities." BioMed Research International 2021 (March 16, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6618349.

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Snakebite is one of the most neglected diseases of developing countries. Deaths due to snakebite envenoming are quite high in Pakistan, and many deaths are caused by Echis carinatus envenomation. Traditional use of medicinal plants against snakebites is a common practice in Pakistan due to countless benefits. The current study was performed with the objective to evaluate eighteen Pakistani medicinal plants inhibitory potential against hyaluronidase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes of Pakistani Echis carinatus venom. Hyaluronidase activity (0.2-1.6 mg/0.1 mL) and alkaline phosphatase activity (0.1-0.8 mg/0.1 mL) were measured in dose-dependent manner. Crude methanolic extracts of medicinal plants were used for in vitro investigation of their inhibitory activity against toxic enzymes. All active plants were fractioned using different solvents and were again analyzed for inhibitory activity of same enzymes. Results indicated all plants were able to neutralize hyaluronidase that Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Flem.) Karst., Terminalia arjuna Wight and Arn, Rubia cordifolia Thumb., and Matthiola incana (L.) R.Br. inhibited maximum hyaluronidase activity equivalent to standard reference ( p > 0.5 ). Pakistani medicinal plants are dense with natural neutralizing metabolites and other active phytochemicals which could inhibit hyaluronidase activity of Pakistani Echis carinatus venom. Further advanced studies at molecular level could lead us to an alternative for envenoming of Pakistani Echis carinatus venom.

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Nwala, Michael Alozie. "On Polar Question in Echie and English: A Transformational Approach." African Research Review 14, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v14i1.7.

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The formation of polar question also called a Yes-No question, appears to be language-specific, a situation which makes Echie speakers to find it difficult to accommodate the system of the English language, vice versa. This paper, using the qualitative design and the transformation approach, investigated the structural forms of both languages. The analysis showed great structural differences in both languages: while there is a swop in the position of the subject and the auxiliary in English, there is no such in Echie. In Echie, there are two forms of polar question realization: the resumptive pronoun type and the emphatic construction type. The paper noted that, although, the structural and derivational forms parametrically differ, polar questions exist in both languages and also perform the same syntactic and functional communicative roles. Key Words: Polar, resumptive, inversion, emphatic, transformation

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Morales, J. Francisco. "Estudios en las Apocynaceae neotropicales XL: sinopsis del género Prestonia (Apocynoideae, Echiteae) en Ecuador." Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 67, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2232.

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35

Kucera, James R. "Larvae of the Woodrat Fleas Anomiopsyllus amphibolus and Atyphloceras echis echis (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae)." Journal of Medical Entomology 27, no. 4 (July 1, 1990): 661–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/27.4.661.

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Donovan, Stephen K., and David G. Keighley. "Fossil crinoids from the basal West Point Formation (Silurian), southeast Gaspé Peninsula, Québec, eastern Canada." Atlantic Geology 52 (November 10, 2016): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2016.010.

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Silurian strata of Atlantic Canada and southern Québec locally preserve common fossil crinoids, albeit mostly as disarticulated remains. New crinoids from the Chaleurs Group, West Point Formation (Ludlow to Pridoli?; Upper Silurian) of the Gaspé Peninsula include Iocrinus? maennili (Yeltysheva) (otherwise known from the Katian of Estonia), Bystrowicrinus (col.) depressus sp. nov. and Cyclocyclicus (col.) sp. aἀ. C. (col.) echinus Donovan. On the basis of both its gross morphology and stratigraphic position, Iocrinus? maennili is unlikely to be an iocrinid disparid, a family that became extinct at the end of the Ordovician. The trivial name has hitherto been erroneously spelled as männili, mannili and mjannili. Most specimens of the common Bystrowicrinus (col.) depressus appear cyclocyclic because the pentastellate lumen occurs in a deeply sunken claustrum that is commonly occluded by sediment; clean specimens are highly distinctive. Cyclocyclicus (col.) sp. aἀ. C. (col.) echinus is similar to a species known from the Katian of North Wales. Taken together, this assemblage is more reminiscent of Katian strata (Upper Ordovician). Ḁis is problematic given the current mapping of the outcrop as West Point Formation (Upper Silurian), suggesting further stratigraphic studies in the area are required.

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Pio, I. D. S. L., A. L. Lavor, C. M. D. Damasceno, P. M. N. Menezes, F. S. Silva, and G. L. A. Maia. "Traditional knowledge and uses of medicinal plants by the inhabitants of the islands of the São Francisco river, Brazil and preliminary analysis of Rhaphiodon echinus (Lamiaceae)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 79, no. 1 (January 2019): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.177447.

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Abstract This study aimed to carry out an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by inhabitants of the Rodeadouro Island, Jatoba Island and Massangano Island, located in The Submedium São Francisco River Valley. Also phytochemicals and preliminary pharmacological tests were performed to species most cited by the community. Ethnobotanical data were collected through observation visits and semi-structured interviews with 12 key informants. We calculated the relative importance (RI), the percentage of agreement related to the main uses (cAMU) and use value (UV). The aerial parts of Rhaphiodon echinus (Ness & Mart.) Schauer were used to obtain the lyophilizate (LYO-Re), crude ethanol extract (CEE-Re) and their hexanic (HEX-Re), chloroform (CLO-Re) and ethyl acetate (EA-Re) fractions. The microdilution technique was used for determining Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for selected microorganisms. Already the spasmolytic effect was evaluated in isolated uterus fragments of Wistar rats, pre contracted with KCl 60 mM. We found 34 species cited, belonging to 22 families. The most plants were grown by locals. There were 51 different diseases, but the main indication was infectious and parasitic diseases. The species R. echinus was the most reported and it was indicated for urinary tract infection and dysmenorrhea. The screening revealed a higher prevalence of flavonoids, tannins, lignans and saponins in LYO-Re and AE-Re. Already terpene compounds were more present in HEX-Re and CLO-Re. The RE-Re fraction stood out with strong effect against E. coli and S. aureus while CEE-Re has moderate effect against gram-negative bacteria. The evaluation of the spasmolytic activity showed that LYO-Re, CEE-Re and HEX-Re fractions have similar activity, with partial effect and concentration-dependent response. This work brought about knowledge and use of medicinal plants by the riparian of the São Francisco River. It also revealed the importance of other methodologies for scientific evidence for the popular use of R. echinus.

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Morales, J. Francisco, Mary E. Endress, and Sigrid Liede-Schumann. "Systematics ofPrestonia(Apocynaceae: Apocynoids: Echiteae) 80 Years After Woodson." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 102, no. 3 (November 2017): 520–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/d-17-00002a.

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39

Ritchie, James, and D. C. McIntosh. "On a Case of Imperfect Development in Echinus esculentus." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 78, no. 3 (August 21, 2009): 646–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1908.tb07398.x.

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40

Pang, Jifeng, Mingyuan Zheng, Chan Wang, Xiaofeng Yang, Hua Liu, Xiaoyan Liu, Junming Sun, Yong Wang, and Tao Zhang. "Hierarchical Echinus-like Cu-MFI Catalysts for Ethanol Dehydrogenation." ACS Catalysis 10, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 13624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c03860.

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41

Morales, J. Francisco, Mary E. Endress, and Sigrid Liede-Schumann. "Sex, drugs and pupusas: Disentangling relationships in Echiteae (Apocynaceae)." Taxon 66, no. 3 (June 23, 2017): 623–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/663.7.

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42

Adachi, Shinya, Iyo Niimi, Yui Sakai, Fuminori Sato, Takuya Minokawa, Makoto Urata, Atsuko Sehara-Fujisawa, Isao Kobayashi, and Masaaki Yamaguchi. "Anteroposterior molecular registries in ectoderm of the echinus rudiment." Developmental Dynamics 247, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 1297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.24686.

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43

Walsh, Joseph J. "Bones of Contention: Pharsalus, Phthiotic Thebes, Larisa Cremaste, Echinus." Classical Philology 88, no. 1 (January 1993): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/367335.

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44

Mion, G., E. Carreel, F. Olive, M. Rüttimann, and JM Saissy. "Envenimaton par echis carinatus: evolution de l'hémostase et effet du sérum bms-echis-naja." Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 16, no. 6 (September 1997): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0750-7658(97)86238-7.

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45

Al Hatali, Badria A., Said A. Al Mazroui, Abdullah S. Alreesi, Robert J. Geller, Brent W. Morgan, and Ziad N. Kazzi. "Report of a Bite from a New Species of the Echis Genus—Echis omanensis." Journal of Medical Toxicology 11, no. 2 (November 18, 2014): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13181-014-0444-x.

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46

Lindemann, Richard H., and David A. Melycher. "Tentaculites (Tentaculitoidea) from the Manlius Limestone (Lower Devonian) at Schoharie, New York." Journal of Paleontology 71, no. 3 (May 1997): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002233600003938x.

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Echinus gyracanthus Eaton, 1832, was the first tentaculitid reported from North America, but the original description and illustration are vague by present-day standards. Study of the type material and topotypes from the Lower Devonian Manlius Limestone in the Town of Schoharie, New York, suggests that Tentaculites gyracanthus (Eaton) is a discrete species, but one with pronounced and remarkable intraspecific variability. Tentaculites simmondsi new species also occurs in the same unit and locality.

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47

سالم محفوظ بسيس, سالم محفوظ بسيس. "الحيّات السامة وعضات الحيات في منطقة جازان- المملكة العربية السعودية." journal of King Abdulaziz University Science 31, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/sci.31-2.5.

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تم دراسة أنواع الأفاعي والثعابين السامة وجمع إحصائيات حالات الإصابة بعضات الحيّات في منطقة جازان خلال الفترة ما بين 2015 – 2017م من بعض مستشفيات المنطقة. أظهرت النتائج وجود 7 أنواع من الحيات السامة في منطقة جازان وهي الأسود الخبيث Atractaspis andersonii ، والكوبرا العربية Naja arabica ، والأفعى النافخة Bitis arietans ، ونوعين من الأفاعى المقرنة هما Cerastes cerastes و Cerastes gasperettii ونوعين من أفاعي السجاد هما Echis borkini و Echis coloratus . كما أظهرت تسجيل 1265 حالات إصابة بعضات الحيات خلال فترة الدراسة وأن الفئة العمرية ما بين 26 – 45 هي أكثر فئة تعرضت للإصابة وأن نسبة الإصابة عند الذكور كانت أعلى مما عليه عند الإناث بنسبة 3.2 : 1 .

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48

Turland, Nicholas. "(1232) Proposal to reject the name Statice echinus L. (Plumbaginaceae)." TAXON 45, no. 2 (May 1996): 339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1224688.

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KUNIKYO, Katsumi. "THE HOUSE USED BY SHOGUNAL INSPECTOR IN ECHIZEN IN 1838." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 79, no. 695 (2014): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.79.197.

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Gage, J. D., and P. A. Tyler. "Growth and recruitment of the deep-sea urchin Echinus affinis." Marine Biology 90, no. 1 (December 1985): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00428213.

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