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Journal articles on the topic 'Echocardiograph'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Humagain, Sanjaya, Ramsundar Twayana, and Rajendra Koju. "Echocardiographic Profile of Patients in Dhulikhel Hospital, A Medical College Hospital in Nepal." Nepalese Heart Journal 11, no. 1 (September 1, 2014): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v11i1.10976.

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Background and Aim : Echocardiograph is an important diagnostic tool to evaluate cardiac disease and is indispensible for management. So it is important to know the spectrum of cardiac abnormalities that can be detected by echocardiograph and the frequency of these findings may vary depending on where the echocardiogram is performed. Aim of this study was to find out the spectrum of echocardiographic finding in different age group in a medical college hospital. Methods and materials : A retrospective observational study was done to at Dhulikhel Hospital to review Echocardiographic profile of 3310 patients who were indicated for echocardiogram over a period of 3 years. Data collected from echocardiograph report registry. Data analysis was done using SPSS 17. Result : Congenital Heart Disease(CHD) (37.74%),Normal finding( 21.19%), Pericardial Heart Disease(19.21%) and Rheumatic Heart Disease(RHD)(17.88%) were the echocardiographic finding in children. In adolescents and young adults Rheumatic Heart Disease (49.90%), Hypertensive Heart Disease (13.34%), Congenital Heart Disease (6.58%), and Pericardial Disease (4.38%) were found. Most common finding in middle age was cor-pulmonale (34.76%) followed by Diastolic Dysfunction (20.60%), Hypertensive Heart Disease(17.06%),Ischemic Heart Disease(IHD) (12.80%). In elderly age most common finding was Diastolic Dysfunction (57.14%). Conclusion : The spectrum of echocardiograph finding in a medical college hospital ranges from Congenital Heart Disease, Rheumatic Heart Disease, Ischemic Heart Disease ,Pericardial disease, Corpulmonale, Diastolic Dysfunction, systolic dysfunction and degenerative valve disease. Streptococcal sore throat leading to Rheumatic Heart Disease and complication of tuberculosis and parasitic infestation leading to pericardial diseases, as well as Hypertensive Heart Disease, and Ischemic Heart Disease constitutes burden in Nepal. Cor-pulmonale and ) Sanjaya Humagain, Ramsundar Twayana, Rajendra Koju. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v11i1.10976 Nepalese Heart Journal 2014;11(1): 13-17
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2

DiLucente, Lorrie, and John Gorcsan III. "Transesophageal Echocardiograph." Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 10, no. 2 (March 1991): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003465-199103000-00006.

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3

Kang, Heung Sun. "Stess Echocardiograph." Journal of the Korean Society of Echocardiography 9, no. 2 (2001): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4250/jkse.2001.9.2.93.

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Santarpia, Lidia, Roberta Esposito, Andrea Vaccaro, Lucia Alfonsi, Maria Carmen Pagano, Ciro Santoro, Maurizio Marra, Franco Contaldo, Maurizio Galderisi, and Fabrizio Pasanisi. "Cardiac Changes in Patients on Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition." Nutrients 11, no. 7 (July 13, 2019): 1587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071587.

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Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) on long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) chronically receive high fluid volumes directly into the right atrium (RA) through the superior vena cava. We retrospectively evaluated cardiac function measured by routine transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in a population of 26 SBS patients on long-term HPN and compared their data on echocardiograph-derived right heart structure and function, with those of a control group of 26 patients also bearing a central venous catheter (CVC) for other reasons. Results showed that body weight and BMI were significantly higher in the control group. The echocardiographic estimate of RA pressure was higher in HPN patients than in controls (p = 0.01). An increased estimate of RA pressure indicates the need to consider TTE in the follow-up of long-term HPN patients to detect functional impairment early.
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5

Waleed, Madeeha. "Prevalence of different type of valvular heart disease and other cardiac pathologies of the heart in high risk patients with suspicion of heart failure. A retrospective cohort study." Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions 3, no. 9 (October 16, 2020): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2641-0419/088.

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Background: Valvular heart disease and other cardiac pathologies are associated with impending heart failure. An early diagnosis of these can help prevent the disabling ad disastrous effects and improve the prognosis. Aim: The prevalence of various pathologies associated with heart failure is not known. This study helps in recognizing various pathologies that can lead to heart failure, which if diagnosed early can improve the patient’s outcome. Materials and Methods: A total of 4560 patients were included in the study. All the patients were aged greater than 15 years. Patients with suspicion of heart failure on symptoms were ordered echocardiography. Transthoracic echo was done using echocardiography ultrasound machine using the British Society of Echocardiography guidelines. Echocardiography was done by registered sonologists. Echocardiograph were later read by cardiologists. Data was collected on Excel sheet. Echocardiographic results Of 9 690 patients, were admitted to the hospital during the year 2013 to year 2017 with the suspicion of heart failure based on symptoms echocardiogram was ordered. Among these 2448 patients had normal echocardiographic findings were as 4560 had valvular disease. Among the valvular disease patients 2951(64.71%) were females and 1609(35.2%) were males. Among these 2950(64.6%) had mild valvular disease 959(21.0%) had moderate valvular disease and 651(14.2) patients had severe valvular disease. Mitral stenosis occurred in 1200(26.3%) patients, mitral regurgitation in 2953(64.7%) patients, tricuspid stenosis in 40 (0.008%)patients ,tricuspid regurgitation in 1592(34.8%) patients, aortic stenosis in 81 (0.017%) patients and aortic regurgitation in 1957(42.9%) patients. Ischemic cardiomyopathy was present in 24 patients, dilated cardiomyopathy in 14 patients, rheumatic heart disease in 23 patients, ventricular septum defect in 5 patients ,Atrial septum defect in 2 patients , Apical aneurysm formation in 4 patients, Uremic cardiomyopathy on 3 patients, Grade 1 diastolic dysfunction in 2200 patients, Grade 3 diastolic dysfunction in 400 patients, Bicuspid aortic valve in 5 patients and restrictive cardiomyopathy in two patients, 1100 patients had a thin rim of pericardial effusion and were ordered Thyroid function tests. Conclusion: In the community heart failure is a common cause of death. Various pathologies of the heart are predictors of the outcome and hence early diagnosis can help in proper treatment and increased survival
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6

Shim, Wan Joo, Woo Hyuk Song, Dong Kuy Jin, Do Sun Lim, Chang Gyu Park, Young Hoon Kim, Dong Joo Oh, and Young Moo Ro. "Comparison of Dobutamine Echocardiography and Contrast Echocardiograph in Patients with Myocardial Infarction." Korean Circulation Journal 26, no. 1 (1996): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4070/kcj.1996.26.1.62.

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7

Mancini, André Luís, Sonia Regina da Silva Carvalho, Maria do Carmo Valente de Crasto, and Ricardo Marques Dias. "Echocardiograph alterations in asthma patients." Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia (English Edition) 14, no. 3 (May 2008): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2173-5115(08)70267-7.

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8

Rima, Rezoana, and Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun. "Current Application of Functional/Targeted Echocardiogram in NICU: An Update." Cardiovascular Journal 10, no. 1 (October 22, 2017): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v10i1.34367.

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Functional echocardiograph is the bedside use of cardiac ultrasound to monitor functional and hemodynamic changes longitudinally. It can assist in an understanding of pathophysiology of the rapidly changing neonatal hemodynamic status including cardiac function and systemic and pulmonary blood flow in critically ill preterm and term neonates. It also facilitates the evaluation of response to therapeutic intervention. This review examines the potential applications of functional echocardiography in different disease states, and how the technology may be introduced safely in the NICU.Cardiovasc. j. 2017; 10(1): 74-83
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9

Oyedeji, Adebayo T., Adeseye A. Akintunde, Olukolade O. Owojori, and Johnson O. Peter. "Spectrum of Echocardiography Abnormalities among 168 Consecutive Referrals to an Urban Private Hospital in South-Western Nigeria." Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology 8 (January 2014): CMC.S14320. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmc.s14320.

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Trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE) is an important non-invasive cardiac examination that provides structural and functional information. It is useful in the diagnosis of cardiac diseases and often guides the management and follow-up of patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The study aimed to present an audit of the echocardiograms performed in an urban private hospital over a two-year period in order to define the pattern of cardiac diseases in our center. Echocardiogram reports of 168 consecutive patients performed between May 2011 and April 2013 at an organized private sector hospital in Lagos, south-west Nigeria were reviewed. Studies were performed with a Toshiba Nemio XG ultrasound machine. The data obtained were analyzed for mean age, sex, clinical indications, and echocardiographic diagnosis in the study subjects. A total of 168 echocardiography reports were examined, comprising of 92 males (54.8%) and 76 females (45.2%). The age range of the subjects was 10-76 years (mean 42.5 ± 12.1 years). The commonest indication for echocardiography was systemic hypertension and hypertension related causes (38.1%), followed by abnormal resting electrocardiogram (14.9%). Routine annual medical screening was the next most common indication, representing 13.1% of the indications for echocardiography. The other indications are as presented in Table 1 . The echocardiogram was normal in 64.3% of the subjects. The commonest abnormality detected was hypertensive heart disease (HHD); accounting for 9.6% of the subjects studied. Isolated atrial enlargement (left, right, or bi-atrial) was the next most common abnormality accounting for 6% of the echocardiographic diagnosis. Pulmonary hypertension was the next most common diagnosis accounting for 4.8% of our findings. The other echocardiographic diagnoses are as listed in Table 2 . Hypertension represents the commonest indication for echocardiography. Normal echocardiogram was the commonest echocardiographic finding while HHD was the commonest echocardiographic abnormality. The prevalence of ischemic heart disease by echocardiography was 2.4%. There was no case of rheumatic heart disease (RHD). The prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was 1.2%. Ease of access to echocardiography may influence the findings in an echocardiographic audit and policy makers should incorporate appropriateness criteria into their guidelines for reimbursement.
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10

Culp, Benjamin C., Jonathan D. Mock, Christopher D. Chiles, and William C. Culp. "The Pocket Echocardiograph: Validation and Feasibility." Echocardiography 27, no. 7 (April 16, 2010): 759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8175.2009.01125.x.

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11

Mets, Berend, Shabina Ahmad, David Sherman, and Mark E. Galantowitcz. "An unusual echocardiograph after heart transplantation." Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 13, no. 5 (October 1999): 639–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-0770(99)90023-x.

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12

Asada, Dai, Yuma Morishita, Yoko Kawai, Yo Kajiyama, and Kazuyuki Ikeda. "Efficacy of bubble contrast echocardiography in detecting pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in children with univentricular heart after total cavopulmonary connection." Cardiology in the Young 30, no. 2 (January 9, 2020): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104795111900324x.

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AbstractBackground:Development of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in patients with cavopulmonary anastomosis may result in a significant morbidity. Although the use of bubble contrast echocardiography with selective injection into both the branch pulmonary arteries in identifying pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas has been increasing, the actual efficacy of this diagnostic modality has not been properly evaluated. Thus, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of bubble contrast echocardiography in detecting pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in children with total cavopulmonary connection.Methods:A total of 140 patients were included. All patients underwent cardiac catheterisation. Bubble contrast echocardiographic studies were performed by injecting agitated saline solution into the branch pulmonary arteries. Transthoracic echocardiograms that use an apical view were conducted to assess the appearance of bubble contrast in the systemic ventricles. Then, the contrast echocardiogram results and other cardiac parameters were compared.Results:No correlation was found between contrast echocardiogram grade and other cardiac parameters, such as pulmonary capillary wedge saturation and pulmonary artery resistance. Moreover, only 13 patients had negative results on both the right and left contrast echocardiograms, and 127 of the 140 patients had positive results on contrast echocardiograms even though they had normal pulmonary capillary wedge saturation. Results showed that bubble contrast echocardiography was a highly sensitive method and was likely to obtain false-positive results.Conclusions:Bubble contrast echocardiography might be highly false positive in detecting pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in patients with cavopulmonary anastomosis. We have to consider how we make use of this method. Further standardisation of techniques is required.
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Egan, Margaret, and A. Ionescu. "The pocket echocardiograph: a useful new tool?" European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging 9, no. 6 (June 20, 2008): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejechocard/jen177.

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14

Jarrett, James M., and Paul G. Barash. "An unusual echocardiograph after aortic valve replacement." Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 11, no. 7 (December 1997): 913–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-0770(97)90134-8.

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15

Kane, Lauren, and John D. Puskas. "Quadricuspid Aortic Valve Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiograph Image." Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery 5, no. 6 (November 2010): 453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155698451000500613.

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Quadricuspid aortic valve is an extremely rare congenital anomaly. In Quadricuspid aortic valve, the aortic valve has four distinct leaflets. The most common type A variant has four equal cusps. The most common presentation is aortic insufficiency. A 70-year-old woman and a 32-year-old man presented to our practice in a 3-month time span were described here.
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Chang, Nai-Lun, Priyank Shah, Sharad Bajaj, Hartaj Virk, Mahesh Bikkina, and Fayez Shamoon. "Diagnostic Yield of Echocardiography in Syncope Patients with Normal ECG." Cardiology Research and Practice 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1251637.

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Aim. This study aimed to assess the role of echocardiography as a diagnostic tool in evaluating syncope patients with normal versus abnormal electrocardiogram.Methods. We conducted a retrospective study of 468 patients who were admitted with syncope in 2011 at St. Joseph’s Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ. Hospital records and patient charts, including initial emergency room history and physical, were carefully reviewed. Patients were separated into normal versus abnormal electrocardiogram groups and then further divided as normal versus abnormal echocardiogram groups. Causes of syncope were extrapolated after reviewing all test results and records of consultations.Results. Three hundred twelve of the total patients (68.6%) had normal ECG. Two-thirds of those patients had echocardiograms; 11 patients (5.7%) had abnormal echo results. Of the aforementioned patients, three patients had previous documented history of severe aortic stenosis on prior echocardiograms. The remaining eight had abnormal but nondiagnostic echocardiographic findings. Echocardiography was done in 93 of 147 patients with abnormal ECG (63.2%). Echo was abnormal in 27 patients (29%), and the findings were diagnostic in 6.5% patients.Conclusions. This study demonstrates that echocardiogram was not helpful in establishing a diagnosis of syncope in patients with normal ECG and normal physical examination.
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Islam, Md Saiful, Md Annaz Mus Sakib, Ranjan Talukder, and Sheikh Mohammed Taslim Yusuf. "Spectrum of heart diseases on Echocardiography in a Rural tertiary care Medical college hospital in Bangladesh." KYAMC Journal 3, no. 1 (February 5, 2013): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v3i1.13657.

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Background: Echocardiography is a non-invasive, on-injurious, relatively cheap and useful imaging technique for the evaluation of cardiac diseases. The procedure has reliable levels of accuracy. Echocardiography commenced at the Cardiology Department of Khawja Yunus Ali Medical College Hospital,Enayetpur Sirajgonj,Bangladesh since 2004.The aim of this study is to report our experience with the procedure, and to define the clinical cases seen in our setting.Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected data. Echocardiography was performed using Aloka Prosound-SSD 5500 SV echocardiograph equipped with 2.5-5.0 MHz transducer. Results: During the period of 6 months under review (July 2011-December 2011), 1883 procedures were performed. Those reports were reviewed for demographic parameter, indications for the procedure and the main echocardiographic diagnoses. The mean age of the 1883 individuals studied was 50 +/- 18.67 years (10-90). There were 1221 men and 662 women. Four hundred ninety eight(498) (26.45%) had Ischemic Heart Disease, 229(12.16%) subjects were Hypertensive Heart disease,160 subjects (8.5%) had rheumatic heart disease while 62,(3.3%) had cardiomyopathy. Pericardial diseases, corpulmonale, congenital heart diseases, were present in 36(1.92%), 35 (1.85%), 88(4.67%), respectively. Seven hundred and Seventy Five (41.1%) subjects had normal study. Conclusion: Ischemic heart disease was found to be the most prevalent cardiac condition in this study. The relatively frequent diagnoses of Hypertensive heart Disease, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies and pericardial diseases reflect the impact of infections on the cardiovascular health of adult Bangladeshis. We suggest that prevention and treatment of cardiac diseases in our setting should among other things focus on life style modification, Ceasation of smoking,regular exercise, blood pressure and blood glucose control and early treatment of infections causing heart diseases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v3i1.13657KYAMC Journal Vol. 3, No.-1, June 2012 p.223-224
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Gupta, Archana, and Sanchit Chouksey. "The Echocardiograph in COPD: Estimating Right Heart Function." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 08, no. 02 (February 20, 2020): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2020.v08i02.002.

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Allen, Marvin, John Allen, Take Naseri, Rebecca Gardner, Dennis Tolley, and Lori Allen. "A rapid echocardiographic screening protocol for rheumatic heart disease in Samoa: a high prevalence of advanced disease." Cardiology in the Young 27, no. 8 (June 15, 2017): 1599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951117000907.

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AbstractBackgroundEchocardiography has been proposed as a method to screen children for rheumatic heart disease. The World Heart Federation has established guidelines for echocardiographic screening. In this study, we describe a rapid echocardiogram screening protocol according to the World Heart Federation guidelines in Samoa, endemic for rheumatic heart disease.MethodsWe performed echocardiogram screening in schoolchildren in Samoa between 2013 and 2015. A brief screening echocardiogram was performed on all students. Children with predefined criteria suspicious for rheumatic hear diseases were referred for a more comprehensive echocardiogram. Complete echocardiograms were classified according to the World Heart Federation guidelines and severity of valve disease.ResultsEchocardiographic screening was performed on 11,434 children, with a mean age of 10.2 years; 51% of them were females. A total of 558 (4.8%) children underwent comprehensive echocardiography, including 49 students who were randomly selected as controls. Definite rheumatic heart disease was observed in 115 students (10.0 per 1000): 92 students were classified as borderline (8.0 per 1000) and 23 with CHD. Advanced disease was identified in 50 students (4.4 per 1000): 15 with severe mitral regurgitation, five with severe aortic regurgitation, 11 with mitral stenoses, and 19 with mitral and aortic valve disease.ConclusionsWe successfully applied a rapid echocardiographic screening protocol to a large number of students over a short time period – 28 days of screening over a 3-year time period – to identify a high prevalence of rheumatic heart disease. We also reported a significantly higher rate of advanced disease compared with previously published echocardiographic screening programmes.
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Muhrbeck, Josephine, Elif Gunyeli, Eva Andersson, Mahbubul Alam, Viveka Frykman, and Johanna Sjoblom. "Does stress echocardiography add incremental value to baseline ejection fraction for the early identification of candidates for implantable defibrillators?" Open Heart 6, no. 2 (July 2019): e001053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2019-001053.

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ObjectiveA reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) remains the strongest indicator of increased risk of sudden cardiac death after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Guidelines recommend that patients with an EF ≤35%, 6–12 weeks after AMI should be considered for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy. Stress echocardiography is a safe method to detect viability in a stunned myocardium. The purpose of this study was to investigate if stress echocardiography early after AMI could identify ICD candidates before discharge.MethodsNinety-six patients with EF ≤40% early after AMI were prospectively included in a cohort study, and investigated by baseline and stress echocardiography before discharge. Follow-up echocardiography was performed after 3 months. EF, mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) were determined for each examination.ResultsThere were 80 (83%) patients who completed the baseline, stress and follow-up echocardiography. Among them there were 32 (40%) patients who met the ICD criteria of EF ≤35% at 3 months. For these patients, EF, MAPSE and PSV were significantly lower than for those patients who recovered. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 85% (95% CI 0.74 to 0.94) for baseline EF to predict non-recovery. None of the other variables had a higher AUC.ConclusionPatients who met the ICD criteria of EF ≤35% at 3 months after myocardial infarction had lower EF, MAPSE and PSV on baseline and stress echocardiograph before discharge. Stress echocardiography did not add additional value in predicting non-recovery.
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Atkinson, Greg, Natalie Middleton, Keith George, and Rob Shave. "Echocardiograph-determined Left Ventricular Function Immediately After Prolonged Exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Supplement (May 2006): S321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-02254.

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Klein, Jennifer H., Andrea Beaton, Alison Tompsett, Justin Wiggs, and Craig Sable. "Effect of anaemia on the diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease using World Heart Federation criteria." Cardiology in the Young 29, no. 7 (June 20, 2019): 862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951119000404.

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AbstractBackground:There is overlap between pathological mitral regurgitation seen in borderline rheumatic heart disease using World Heart Federation echocardiography criteria and physiologic regurgitation found in normal children. One possible contributing factor is higher rates of anaemia in endemic countries.Objective:To investigate the contribution of anaemia as a potential confounder in the diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease detected in echocardiographic screening.Method/Design:A novel Server 2012 data warehouse tool was used to incorporate haematology and echocardiography databases. The study included a convenience sample of patients from 5 to 18 years old without structural or functional heart disease that had a haemoglobin value within 1 month prior to an echocardiogram. Echocardiogram images were reviewed to determine presence or absence of World Heart Federation criteria for rheumatic heart disease. The rate of rheumatic heart disease among anaemic and non-anaemic children according to gender- and age-based norms groups was compared.Results:Of the 935 patients who met the study inclusion criteria, 406 were classified as anaemic. There was no difference in the rate of echocardiograms meeting criteria for borderline rheumatic heart disease in anaemic (2.0%, 95% CI 0.6–3.3%) and non-anaemic children (1.3%, 95% CI 0.3–2.3%). However, there was a statistically significant increase in rates of mitral regurgitation of unclear significance among anaemic versus non-anaemic patients (8.6 versus 3.6%; p = 0.0012).Conclusion:Anaemia does not increase the likelihood of meeting echocardiographic criteria for borderline rheumatic heart disease. Future studies should evaluate for the correlation between anaemia and mitral regurgitation in endemic settings.
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Casani, A., N. Tozzi, and F. Cocca. "The impact of neonatologist performed echocardiography in an Italian neonatal unit." Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine 15, no. 2 (April 12, 2022): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/npm-210811.

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BACKGROUND: The main goal of neonatologist performed echocardiography is to timely assess hemodynamic changes in order to properly manage unsteady neonates. Detailed structural heart assessment remains the domain of pediatric cardiologists. Nonetheless, many neonatologists take on an additional role in diagnosis of congenital heart defects, mostly compelled by the lack of in-house pediatric cardiology services. The experience of neonatologist performed echocardiography in an Italian neonatal unit was reported and the risk benefit profile of this practice was discussed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the echocardiograms undertaken by the neonatologist on infants admitted to the neonatal unit and postnatal ward of the Hospital San Pio in Benevento, over a 2-year period. Details of scans and concordance between neonatologist and cardiologist were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 160 echocardiographic studies were done by the neonatologist on 136 infants. The ECG was requested in a minority of infants. The most common reason for performing the echocardiogram was admission to the neonatal care unit. Around half of the echocardiograms were normal. The remaining scans resulted in functional and structural abnormalities, transitional changes, and doubtful findings. Cardiac anomalies were significantly more likely found in cases of echocardiograms performed for fetal indications. Only 28 patients were eventually referred to the cardiology services. The inter-rater agreement was satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: The hemodynamic assessment of sick infants, as well as triaging and referral of neonates with structural heart diseases are valuable advantages of the echocardiography run by neonatologists. Collaboration with pediatric cardiologists and robust training and accreditation programs are essential to ensure safety and quality service.
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Rozenbaum, Zach, Yan Topilsky, Shafik Khoury, Milwidsky Assi, Asta Balchyunayte, Michal Laufer-Perl, Shlomo Berliner, David Pereg, Michal Entin-Meer, and Ofer Havakuk. "Relationship between climate and hemodynamics according to echocardiography." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00519.2018.

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Studies performed in controlled laboratory conditions have shown that environmental thermal application may induce various circulatory changes. We aimed to demonstrate the effect of local climate on hemodynamics according to echocardiography. Echocardiographic studies conducted in ambulatory patients, 18 yr of age or older, between January 2012 and July 2016, at our medical center, for whom climate data on the day of the echocardiogram study were available, were retrospectively included in case climate data. Discomfort index, apparent temperature, temperature-humidity index, and thermal index were computed. Echocardiograms conducted in hotter months (June–November) were compared with those done in colder months (December–May). The cohort consisted of 11,348 individuals, 46.2% women, and mean age of 57.9 ± 18.1 yr. Climate indexes correlated directly with stroke volume ( r = 0.039) and e′ (lateral r = 0.047; septal r = 0.038), and inversely with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP; r = −0.038) (all P values < 0.05). After adjustment for age and sex, echocardiograms conducted during June–November had a lower chance to show e′ septal < 7 cm/s (odds ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.78–0.98, P = 0.017) and SPAP > 40 mmHg (odds ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.67–0.99, P = 0.04) compared with those conducted in other months. The authors concluded that climate may affect hemodynamics, according to echocardiographic assessment in ambulatory patients. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study, we examined 11,348 individuals who underwent ambulatory echocardiography. Analyses of the echocardiographic studies demonstrated that environmental thermal stress, i.e., climate, may affect hemodynamics. Most notably were the effects on diastolic function. Higher values of mitral e′, stroke volume, as well as ejection fraction, and lower values of systolic pulmonary artery pressure and tricuspid regurgitation were demonstrated on hotter days and seasons.
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Cartoski, Mark J., Meghan Kiley, and Philip J. Spevak. "Appropriate Use Criteria for paediatric echocardiography in an outpatient practice: a validation study." Cardiology in the Young 28, no. 6 (April 25, 2018): 862–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951118000513.

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AbstractBackgroundAlthough transthoracic echocardiography is the dominant imaging modality in CHD, optimal utilisation is unclear. We assessed whether adherence to the paediatric Appropriate Use Criteria for outpatient transthoracic echocardiography could reduce inappropriate use without missing significant cardiac disease.MethodsUsing the Appropriate Use Criteria, we determined the indication and appropriateness rating for each initial echocardiogram performed at our institution during calendar year 2014 (N=1383). Chart review documented ordering provider training, patient demographics, and study result, classified as normal, abnormal, or abnormal motivating treatment within a 2-year follow-up period. We tested whether provider training level or patient age correlated with echocardiographic findings or appropriateness rating.ResultsWe found that 83.9% of echocardiograms were normal and that 66.7% had an appropriate indication. Nearly all abnormal results and all results motivating treatment were in appropriate studies, giving an odds ratio of 2.73 for an abnormal result if an appropriate indication was present (95% confidence interval 1.92–3.89, p<0.001). None of the remaining initial abnormal results with less than appropriate indications became significant, resulting in treatment over 2 years. Results suggest a potential reduction in imaging volume of as much as 33% with application of the criteria. Cardiologists ordered nearly all studies resulting in treatment but also more echocardiograms with less appropriate indications. Most examinations were in older patients; however, most abnormal results were in patients younger than 1 year.ConclusionsThe Appropriate Use Criteria can be used to safely reduce echocardiography volume while still detecting significant heart disease.
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Hundt, Nina, Christian Apel, Daniela Bertsch, Carina Cerfontaine, Michael van der Giet, Simone van der Giet, Maren Graß, et al. "Variables Influencing the Pressure and Volume of the Pulmonary Circulation as Risk Factors for Developing High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 26, 2022): 13887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113887.

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Background: At altitudes above 2500 m, the risk of developing high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) grows with the increases in pulmonary arterial pressure. HAPE is characterized by severe pulmonary hypertension, though the incidence and relevance of individual risk factors are not yet predictable. However, the systolic pulmonary pressure (SPAP) and peak in tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TVR) are crucial factors when diagnosing pulmonary hypertension by echocardiography. Methods: The SPAP and TVR of 27 trekkers aged 20–65 years en route to the Solu Khumbu region of Nepal were assessed. Echocardiograph measurements were performed at Lukla (2860 m), Gorak Shep (5170 m), and the summit of Kala Patthar (5675 m). The altitude profile and the participants’ characteristics were also compiled for correlation with the measured data. Results: The results showed a highly significant increase in SPAP and TVR after ascending Kala Patthar. The study revealed a lower increase of SPAP and TVR in the group of older participants, although the respective initial measurements at Gorak Shep were significantly higher for this group. A similar finding occurred in those using Diamox® as prophylaxis. There was an inverse relationship between TVR and SPAP, the peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, and heart rate. Conclusions: The echocardiograph results indicated that older people are an at-risk group for developing HAPE. A conservative interpretation of the basic tactical rules for altitudes should be followed for older trekkers or trekkers with known problems of altitude acclimatization (“slow acclimatizer”) as SPAP elevates with age. The prophylactic use of Acetazolamide (Diamox®) should be avoided where not necessary for acute medical reasons. Acetazolamide leads to an increase of SPAP, and this may potentially enhance the risk of developing HAPE. Arterial oxygen saturation measurements can provide an indicator for the self-assessment for the risk of developing HAPE and a rule of thumb for the altitude profile, but does not replace a HAPE diagnosis. Backpack weight, sex, workload (actual ascent speed), and pre-existing diseases were not statistically significant factors related to SPAP and TVR (p ≤ 0.05).
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Stewart, Glenn M., Akira Yamada, Justin J. Kavanagh, Luke J. Haseler, Jonathan Chan, and Surendran Sabapathy. "Reproducibility of Echocardiograph-Derived Multilevel Left Ventricular Apical Twist Mechanics." Echocardiography 33, no. 2 (August 6, 2015): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/echo.13020.

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TARRASS, Faissal, Meryem BENJELLOUN, Ghislaine MEDKOURI, Khadija HACHIM, Mohamed Gharbi BENGHANEM, and Benyounes RAMDANI. "Doppler echocardiograph evaluation of pulmonary hypertension in patients undergoing hemodialysis." Hemodialysis International 10, no. 4 (October 2006): 356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-4758.2006.00129.x.

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Law, Brittany A., Scott P. Levick, and Wayne E. Carver. "Alterations in Cardiac Structure and Function in a Murine Model of Chronic Alcohol Consumption." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, no. 3 (May 9, 2012): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612000372.

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AbstractMale, wild-type, FVB strain mice were fed a nutritionally complete liquid diet supplemented with 4% ethanol v/v over a time course of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 14 weeks. Controls were offered an isocaloric liquid equivalent and pair fed with their ethanol counterparts. Changes in cardiac physiology were assessed at respective time points via echocardiography. Additionally, the use of histological techniques, mRNA analysis, apoptosis determination, and immunohistochemistry were employed to determine the functional and structural changes on the heart. Echocardiograph analysis revealed a compensatory phase that occurred early in the time course (1–8 weeks) and decompensation reverting toward heart failure at weeks 12 and 14. Throughout the study, an increase in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, apoptosis, TGF-β, and the presence of α-SMA-positive cells were determined. A compensatory period in mice treated with ethanol occurred early followed by a transition to a dilated phenotype over time. A number of factors may be involved in this process including the activation of myofibroblasts and their fibrotic activities that is correlated with the presence of transforming growth factor beta.
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Chang, J. C., A. M. Knight, R. Xiao, L. M. Mercer-Rosa, and P. F. Weiss. "Use of echocardiography at diagnosis and detection of acute cardiac disease in youth with systemic lupus erythematosus." Lupus 27, no. 8 (April 24, 2018): 1348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203318772022.

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Objectives There are no guidelines on the use of echocardiography to detect cardiac manifestations of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We quantify the prevalence of acute cardiac disease in youth with SLE, describe echocardiogram utilization at SLE diagnosis, and compare regional echocardiogram use with incident cardiac diagnoses. Methods Using the Clinformatics® DataMart (OptumInsight, Eden Prairie, MN) de-identified United States administrative database from 2000 to 2013, we identified youth ages 5–24 years with new-onset SLE (≥3 ICD-9 SLE codes 710.0, > 30 days apart) and determined the prevalence of diagnostic codes for pericardial disease, myocarditis, endocarditis, and valvular insufficiency. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with echocardiography during the baseline period, up to one year before or six months after SLE diagnosis. We calculated a regional echocardiogram utilization index, which is the ratio of observed use over the mean predicted probability based on all available baseline characteristics. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the association between regional echocardiogram utilization indices and percentage of imaged youth diagnosed with their first cardiac manifestation following echocardiography. Results Among 699 youth with new-onset SLE, 18% had ≥ 1 diagnosis code for acute cardiac disease, of which valvular insufficiency and pericarditis were most common. Twenty-five percent of all youth underwent echocardiogram during the baseline period. Regional echocardiogram use was positively correlated with the percentage of imaged youth found to have cardiac disease (ρ = 0.71, p = 0.05). There was up to a five-fold difference in adjusted odds of baseline echocardiography between low- and high-utilizing regions (OR = 0.19, p = 0.007). Conclusion Nearly one-fifth of youth with new-onset SLE have acute cardiac manifestations; however, use of echocardiograms at SLE diagnosis is highly variable. There may be incremental diagnostic value to early use of echocardiography, but prospective studies are needed to determine whether greater use of echocardiograms modifies outcomes.
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Rudenko, A. A., Yu A. Vatnikov, I. A. Morozov, and P. A. Rudenko. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE PREOPERATIVE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC SCREENING METHODS IN DWARF BREEDS DOGS." Scientific Notes Kazan Bauman State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 245, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31588/2413-4201-1883-245-1-164-168.

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The article presents the results of assessing the informativeness of the improved technique of preoperative echocardiographic screening study in dwarf dog breeds. Evaluation of the ratio of the sizes of the left atrium to the root of the aorta, the pulmonary vein to the right branch of the pulmo-nary artery, normalized to the body weight of the end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions, the fraction of the shortening of the left ventricle, the velocity of the peak E of the transmitral blood flow and the time of isovolumic relaxation makes it possible to carry out an effective preoperative assessment functional state of the cardiovascular system in dwarf dogs. These indicators do not de-pend on the body weight of dogs and characterize the state of remodeling, systolic and diastolic functions of the left chambers of the heart. Determination of the complex of these echocardiograph-ic parameters within 8-11 minutes makes it possible to assess the pumping function of the heart, to predict and reduce the risk of developing cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
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Winter, Randolph L., Ryan N. Jennings, James P. Cronin, Jaylyn D. Rhinehart, and Karsten E. Schober. "Acquired left-to-right shunting through a valve-incompetent foramen ovale in a cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports 6, no. 2 (July 2020): 205511692095960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055116920959607.

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Case summary An 8-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was presented for a recheck evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and chronic kidney disease. Three years prior to presentation, the patient was diagnosed with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and started on atenolol. The left ventricular outflow tract obstruction subsequently resolved. Biochemical analysis a week prior to presentation demonstrated severe azotemia. Transthoracic echocardiograph revealed pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, severe left ventricular concentric hypertrophy, severe left atrial enlargement and continuous left-to-right flow through the interatrial septum near the fossa ovalis. The patient was euthanized owing to poor prognosis, and gross examination at necropsy revealed a valve-incompetent patent foramen ovale secondary to severe left atrial dilation. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report of an acquired left-to-right shunt through a valve-incompetent foramen ovale in a cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Severe left atrial dilation was suspected to cause interatrial shunting through the valve-incompetent foramen ovale, and this finding may be relevant to echocardiographic evaluations in other cats.
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Hindocha, Rakhee, David Garry, Nadia Short, Tom E. Ingram, Richard P. Steeds, Claire L. Colebourn, Keith Pearce, Vishal Sharma, and _. _. "A minimum dataset for a Level 1 echocardiogram: a guideline protocol from the British Society of Echocardiography." Echo Research and Practice 7, no. 2 (June 2020): G51—G58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erp-19-0060.

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The British Society of Echocardiography has previously outlined a minimum dataset for a standard transthoracic echocardiogram, and this remains the basis on which an echocardiographic study should be performed. The importance of ultrasound in excluding critical conditions that may require urgent treatment is well known. Several point-of-care echo protocols have been developed for use by non-echocardiography specialists. However, these protocols are often only used in specific circumstances and are usually limited to 2D echocardiography. Furthermore, although the uptake in training for these protocols has been reasonable, there is little in the way of structured support available from accredited sonographers in the ongoing training and re-accreditation of those undertaking these point-of-care scans. In addition, it is well recognised that the provision of echocardiography on a 24/7 basis is extremely challenging, particularly outside of tertiary cardiac centres. Consequently, following discussions with NHS England, the British Society of Echocardiography has developed the Level 1 echocardiogram in order to support the rapid identification of critical cardiac pathology that may require emergency treatment. It is intended that these scans will be performed by non-specialists in echocardiography and crucially are not designed to replace a full standard transthoracic echocardiogram. Indeed, it is expected that a significant number of patients, in whom a Level 1 echocardiogram is required, will need to have a full echocardiogram performed as soon as is practically possible. This document outlines the minimum dataset for a Level 1 echocardiogram. The accreditation process for Level 1 echo is described separately.
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M. "VOICE ACTIVATION VISUALIZATION FOR ECHOCARDIOGRAPH AND 3D ANGIOGRAPHIC IMAGES IN SURGERY." Journal of Computer Science 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 1869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jcssp.2012.1869.1873.

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Frogel, Jonathan, Lisa Soranno, and Tara Humphrey. "Aortic Insufficiency Confounding Transesophageal Echocardiograph Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function." Anesthesia & Analgesia 106, no. 2 (February 2008): 409–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000297301.49949.f8.

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Kusunose, Kenya, Yuichiro Okushi, Yoshihiro Okayama, Robert Zheng, Michikazu Nakai, Yoko Sumita, Takayuki Ise, et al. "Use of Echocardiography and Heart Failure In-Hospital Mortality from Registry Data in Japan." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 8, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8100124.

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Background: Echocardiography requires a high degree of skill on the part of the examiner, and the skill may be more improved in larger volume centers. This study investigated trends and outcomes associated with the use and volume of echocardiographic exams from a real-world registry database of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations. Methods: This study was based on the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in the Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Datasets (JROAD-DPC). A first analysis was performed to assess the trend of echocardiographic examinations between 2012 and 2016. A secondary analysis was performed to assess whether echocardiographic use was associated with in-hospital mortality in 2015. Results: During this period, the use of echocardiography grew at an average annual rate of 6%. Patients with echocardiography had declining rates of hospital mortality, and these trends were associated with high hospitalization costs. In the 2015 sample, a total of 52,832 echocardiograms were examined, corresponding to 65.6% of all HF hospital admissions for that year. We found that the use and volume of echocardiography exams were associated with significantly lower odds of all-cause hospital mortality in heart failure (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.48 for use of echocardiography and 0.78 for the third tertile; both p < 0.001). Conclusions: The use of echocardiography was associated with decreased odds of hospital mortality in HF. The volumes of echocardiographic examinations were also associated with hospital mortality.
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Edenfield, Katherine M., Fred Reifsteck, Stephen Carek, Kimberly G. Harmon, Breton M. Asken, Michael C. Dillon, Joan Street, and James R. Clugston. "Echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and interventricular septal diameter in collegiate football athletes at preparticipation evaluation referenced to body surface area." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 5, no. 1 (April 2019): e000488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000488.

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BackgroundAre borderline echocardiogram structural measurements due to physiological adaptation or pathology in college football players? The normal reference data are very limited in this population. We report left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and interventricular septal diameter (IVSD) echocardiogram findings in college football athletes.Methods and resultsA retrospective cohort review of preparticipation examination transthoracic echocardiogram measurements of LVEDD and IVSD from 375 American collegiate football athletes cleared for participation from the University of Florida in 2012–2017 and University of Georgia in 2010–2015 was performed.LVEDD and IVSD were analysed by field position (lineman, n=137; non-lineman, n=238), race (black, n=216; white, n=158) and body surface area (BSA) for associations. Values were compared with non-athlete norms, and collegiate football athlete-specific reference norm tables were created.Twenty-one (5.6%) athletes had LVEDD and 116 (31%) had IVSD measurements above the reference normal non-athlete values. Univariate analyses indicated that the lineman position and increasing BSA were associated with larger values for LVEDD and IVSD. Black race was associated with larger IVSD values, and white race was associated with larger LVEDD values. Player position correlated strongly with BSA (r>0.7); we created normal reference tables for LVEDD and IVSD, stratified by BSA group classification (low, average and high BSA). Proposed clinical cut-offs for normal and abnormal values are reported for raw echocardiograph metrics and BSA-indexed scores.ConclusionsA significant number of collegiate football athletes had LVEDD and IVSD values above non-athlete norms. BSA-specific normal values help clinicians interpret results for football athletes.
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Al-Jaber, Noor-Aldeen, Ahmed A. K. Thabet, Manal Al-Hakeem, Manae Al-Arashi, Abdulhakim Sharaf, and Essam Al-Safadi. "Transesophageal Echocardiograph Findings in Patients with Cardiovascular Disorders at Al-Thawrah General Hospital, Sana’a, Yemen." Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences 9, no. 1 (December 17, 2015): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20428/yjms.v9i1.524.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine the frequency distribution of different cardiovascular disorders and to describe their associated morphological abnormalities by transesophageal echocardiography among patients referred to the Transesophageal Echocardiography Laboratory of Al-Thawrah General Hospital, Sana’a, in the period 2009– 2011. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study of 856 patients with suspected cardiovascular disorders and referred for transesophageal echocardiography over a two-year period. Data about patients’ sex, their refer- ral site and transesophageal echocardiography findings were collected and analyzed according to the type of cardiovascular disorders, valvular affections and lesions, complications and recommended treatments. Results: Of the 856 patients, 63.4% were females and 36.6% were males. The majority of patients diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography (82.4%) were referred from outpatient departments. Rheumatic heart dis- ease was the most frequent cardiovascular disorder (87.1%), followed by tricuspid valve lesions (62.8%), of which 54% (329/606) were tricuspid regurgitation and 62.6% (114/182) were aortic valve regurgitation. Re- garding the type of valvular lesions detected, mitral valve disease was the most frequent, being found in 69.2% (214/309) of patients. Regarding the severity of valvular lesions, 73.1% (19/26) of mitral valve stenosis cases were severe while 83.3% (35/62) of aortic stenosis cases were mild. Moderate pulmonary hypertension was seen mostly secondary to rheumatic heart disease. The majority of cardiovascular disorder patients (33.6%; 284/844) were recommended for balloon mitral valvotomy. Mitral valve surgery was the most frequently per- formed surgical intervention for affected valves of patients with cardiovascular disorders; being used for the treatment of 31.4% (80/255) of valvular lesions. Conclusions: Transesophageal echocardiography revealed that rheumatic heart disease is the most frequent cardiovascular disorder among Yemeni patients and poses a major health problem. In addition, a high propor- tion of patients with cardiovascular disorders have valvular lesions of the mild degree that require surgical in- tervention.
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Wejner-Mik, Paulina, Jarosław D. Kasprzak, Dominika Filipiak-Strzecka, Dawid Miśkowiec, Adrianna Lorens, and Piotr Lipiec. "Personal mobile device-based pocket echocardiograph—The diagnostic value and clinical utility." Advances in Medical Sciences 64, no. 1 (March 2019): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advms.2018.11.003.

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Turvey, Lauren, Daniel X. Augustine, Shaun Robinson, David Oxborough, Martin Stout, Nicola Smith, Allan Harkness, Lynne Williams, Richard P. Steeds, and William Bradlow. "Transthoracic echocardiography of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in adults: a practical guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography." Echo Research and Practice 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): G61—G86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erp-20-0042.

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is common, inherited and characterised by unexplained thickening of the myocardium. The British Society of Echocardiography (BSE) has recently published a minimum dataset for transthoracic echocardiography detailing the core views needed for a standard echocardiogram. For patients with confirmed or suspected HCM, additional views and measurements are necessary. This guideline, therefore, supplements the minimum dataset and describes a tailored, stepwise approach to the echocardiographic examination, and echocardiography’s position in the diagnostic pathway, before advising on the imaging of disease complications and invasive treatments.
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Yadlapati, Ajay, Timothy R. Maher, James D. Thomas, Mark Gajjar, Kofo O. Ogunyankin, and Jyothy J. Puthumana. "Global longitudinal strain from resting echocardiogram is associated with long-term adverse cardiac outcomes in patients with suspected coronary artery disease." Perfusion 32, no. 7 (March 23, 2017): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659117701563.

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Purpose: Measuring myocardial strain using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography has emerged as a new tool to identify subclinical ventricular dysfunction. Abnormal strain has been shown to have superior sensitivity compared with dobutamine stress echocardiography for viability assessment; however, there is a paucity of data regarding the prediction of long-term major adverse cardiac events. We compared the prognostic ability of both global longitudinal strain (GLS) from resting echocardiograms to regional wall motion score index (WMSI) from stress echocardiograms in their ability to predict long-term major adverse cardiac events. Methods: Patients referred for stress echocardiography, who also underwent coronary angiography within 3 months of stress echo (n=122), were enrolled. Patients with reduced ejection fractions (<40%) were excluded. Patients were followed for a median of 3.4 years for major adverse cardiac events, readmissions and repeat cardiac testing. Results: Patients with abnormal GLS (GLS <16.8%) from the resting echocardiogram obtained as part of the exercise echocardiogram experienced a significantly shorter time to major adverse cardiac events (p=0.026), first cardiovascular hospitalization and repeat cardiac testing (p=0.0011) compared to those with normal GLS. Abnormal GLS appears to be a better predictor than abnormal WMSI in predicting major adverse cardiac events (p=0.174) and time to first cardiovascular hospitalization or repeat cardiac testing (p=0.0093). Conclusion: GLS may be a better predictor of long-term major adverse cardiac events, readmissions and repeat cardiac testing than WMSI in patients undergoing stress echocardiography.
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Alotaibi, Ghazi S., Irwindeep Sandhu, Joseph M. Brandwein, and Lalit Saini. "The Yield of Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 5177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-120018.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION: The pathogenesis of infective endocarditis (IE) , a typical biofilm-associated infectious disease frequently caused by commensal or pathogenic bacteria, is mainly attributed to the formation of septic vegetations, which are fibrin-platelet complexes embedded with bacteria on heart valves detected by echocardiography. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are prone to neutropenia, immunosuppression and central venous catheters leading to high rates of bacteremia. It has been postulated that despite high rates of bacteremia, patients with AML undergoing intensive chemotherapy are only rarely able to form vegetations due the frequent thrombocytopenia associated with such treatment (McCormick 2002). Here, we sought to determine the rate of echocardiographic detection of IE in patients with AML and chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia . METHODS: To assess the yield of echocardiography, we conducted a retrospective, single center, analysis of patients with AML who underwent treatment using anthracycline or fludarabine induction and intermediate/high dose cytarabine based consolidation. At all time points, patients with febrile neutropenia were empirically treated with piperacillin/tazobactam ± aminoglycosides and underwent appropriate investigations including blood cultures. Cultures were drawn every 24 to 48 hours with fevers and daily, if positive, till culture clearance. Patients with positive blood cultures for organisms associated with IE underwent an echocardiogram as standard of care. RESULTS: From January 2010 to January 2018, 296 patients underwent curative intent chemotherapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at the University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada. The median age of all patients was 56.7 years (IQR: 44-64) and 40.2% were females. During the induction or consolidation chemotherapy , 53 echocardiogram were done to investigate 53 episodes of bacteremia in 50 patients (16.9%) who had organisms associated with IE (Table 1). Two echocardiograms were done to investigate possible culture negative IE based upon clinical suspicion. Transesophageal echocardiogram were utilized in 19 patients (36%) while transthoracic echocardiogram were done in 34 patients (64%). The median platelets count on the day of the echocardiogram was 23 x109/L (IQR: 14-38). Viridans Group Streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequent isolates cultured in the blood in 36% and 16% of cases, respectively. The median duration of bacteremia was 1 day (IQR 1-2). Three (5.6%) patients had echocardiographic findings suggestive of IE based on a positive transesophageal study (n=2) or transthoracic study (n=1). Among these, two were secondary to Enterococcus bacteria and involved the mitral valve and the third was secondary to a non-HACEK gram-negative bacteria leading to tricuspid valve involvement . CONCLUSION: This study is the first to suggest that despite the high prevalence of Viridans Group Streptococci and Staphylococcusaureus in patients with AML undergoing chemotherapy, echocardiographic findings of IE in these patients are rare, with the notable exception of Enterococcal and Non-HACEK gram negative organisms. In contrast, in the general population, Viridans Group Streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus and bacteremia are associated with IE in 20% and 63% %, respectively (Westling 2009, Rasmussen 2011). The low incidence in our cohort may be attributed to impaired fibrin-platelet deposition in these patients with inability to mount a vegetation response, or the early initiation of broad spectrum antibiotics. Given these findings, the value of routine echocardiography should be questioned in patients with AML without other clinical features of IE. Disclosures Sandhu: Bioverativ: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria. Brandwein:Pfizer: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Boehringer Ingelheim: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Lundbeck: Consultancy.
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Billa, Ramya Deepthi, Susan Szpunar, Lida Zeinali, and Premchand Anne. "Yield of Echocardiogram and Predictors of Positive Yield in Pediatric Patients: A Study in an Urban, Community-Based Outpatient Pediatric Cardiology Clinic." Global Pediatric Health 5 (January 1, 2018): 2333794X1876914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x18769141.

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The yield of outpatient echocardiograms varies based on the indication for the echocardiogram and the age of the patient. The purpose of this study was to determine the cumulative yield of outpatient echocardiograms by age group and reason for the test. A secondary aim was to determine the predictors of a positive echocardiogram in an outpatient cardiology clinic at a large community teaching hospital. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 891 patients who had a first-time echocardiogram between 2011 and 2015. Positive yield was defined as echocardiographic findings that explained the reason for the echocardiogram. The overall positive yield was 8.2%. Children between birth and 3 months of age had the highest yield (34.2%), and children between 12 and 18 years of age had the lowest yield (1%). Patients with murmurs (18.1%) had the highest yield compared with patients with other signs or symptoms. By age group and reason, the highest yields were as follows: 0 to 3 months of age, murmur (39.2%); 4 to 11 months of age, >1 symptom (50%); and 1 to 5 years of age, shortness of breath (66.7%). Based on our study, the overall yield of echocardiograms in the outpatient pediatric setting is low. Age and symptoms should be considered before ordering an echocardiogram.
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Caronia, Jonathan, Klaus Lessnau, Babak Tofighi, Jon Jordan, and Bushra Mina. "Medical Residents Are Able to Screen for Pulmonary Artery Hypertension With Focused Echocardiograph." Chest 140, no. 4 (October 2011): 712A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.1116828.

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Ahmed, Iftikhar, Asif Nadeem, Nazish Saeed, Syed Ali Shiram, Zahid Hussain, Muhammad Naeem Tariq, Javeria Kamran, Attiya Mustafa, Naseem Azad, and Syed Khurram Shahzad. "Comparison of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Heart Failure Patients on Echocardiography, Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 72, SUPPL-3 (November 22, 2022): S461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v72isuppl-3.9534.

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Objective: To compare the left ventricular ejection fraction on echocardiograph, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and single-photon emission computed tomography scan in heart failure patients. Study Design: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Tertiary Cardiac Care Center of Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from Nov 2021 to Apr 2022. Methodology: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted from November 2021 to April 2022 at a tertiary cardiac care center of Rawalpindi. Thirty (n=30) heart failure patients of either gender with reduced ejection fraction were selected by consecutive sampling technique and were analyzed to quantify their left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) using Echo, CMR and SPECT scan. All three modalities were used to measure LVEF in these patients and were compared accordingly. Results: The LVEF measured by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Scan and Echocardiography was in the range of 15% to 67%. The mean LVEF was 37.2±14.2 by CMR, 37.17±14.1 by SPECT and 38±12.3 by Echo. The mean LVEF determined by SPECT was slightly lower while that determined by Echocardiography was slightly higher. The measured p-value of LVEF by the three modalities, however, indicated statistically difference (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Although the literature shows diversity in results of these modalities, CMR is considered the standard reference for assessment of LVEF when interpreted by an expert observer. We in our study found that all three modalities are complimentary to each other and can be used interchangeably depending upon the availability of the equipment and reporting expertise of the observers.
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Sheehan, Megan M., Yoshihito Saijo, Zoran B. Popovic, and Michael D. Faulx. "Echocardiography in suspected coronavirus infection: indications, limitations and impact on clinical management." Open Heart 8, no. 2 (August 2021): e001702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2021-001702.

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ObjectivesTo describe the use of echocardiography in patients hospitalised with suspected coronavirus infection and to assess its impact on clinical management.MethodsWe studied 79 adults from a prospective registry of inpatients with suspected coronavirus infection at a single academic centre. Echocardiographic indications included abnormal biomarkers, shock, cardiac symptoms, arrhythmia, worsening hypoxaemia or clinical deterioration. Study type (limited or complete) was assessed for each patient. The primary outcome measure was echocardiography-related change in clinical management, defined as intensive care transfer, medication changes, altered ventilation parameters or subsequent cardiac procedures within 24 hours of echocardiography. Coronavirus-positive versus coronavirus-negative patient groups were compared. The relationship between echocardiographic findings and coronavirus mortality was assessed.Results56 patients were coronavirus-positive and 23 patients were coronavirus-negative with symptoms attributed to other diagnoses. Coronavirus-positive patients more often received limited echocardiograms (70% vs 26%, p=0.001). The echocardiographic indication for coronavirus-infected patients was frequently worsening hypoxaemia (43% vs 4%) versus chest pain, syncope or clinical heart failure (23% vs 44%). Echocardiography changed management less frequently in coronavirus-positive patients (18% vs 48%, p=0.01). Among coronavirus-positive patients, 14 of 56 (25.0%) died during hospitalisation. Those who died more often had echocardiography to evaluate clinical deterioration (71% vs 24%) and had elevated right ventricular systolic pressures (37 mm Hg vs 25 mm Hg), but other parameters were similar to survivors.ConclusionsEchocardiograms performed on hospitalised patients with coronavirus infection were often technically limited, and their findings altered patient management in a minority of patients.
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Almeda, Francis Q., Robert C. Hendel, James E. Macioch, Joanne Sandelski, Joseph E. Parrillo, Peter M. Meyer, Mahala Johnson, Maria L. Daniels, Vanessa U. Go, and Steven B. Feinstein. "Comparison of Echocardiography Using Tissue Harmonics and Contrast Harmonics with Radionuclide Angiography for the Assessment of Left Ventricular Function." Journal of Investigative Medicine 51, no. 6 (November 2003): 366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108155890305100633.

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Background Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a significant predictor of morbidity and mortality; however, the optimal noninvasive modality for the quantitative determination of LVEF is not apparent. Hypothesis We verified the hypothesis that the various echocardiographic methods of assessing LVEF using the Method of Discs with contrast (Optison human albumin microspheres; Amersham Health, Princeton, NJ) and visual assessment of LVEF using tissue harmonics and contrast harmonics compare favorably with radionuclide angiography (RNA). Methods In a prospective analysis, 24 consecutive patients scheduled to undergo RNA had an echocardiogram using tissue harmonics and contrast harmonics on the same day. LVEF was assessed by RNA by an experienced, blinded reader using manual determination of the region of interest. LVEF was calculated using the Method of Discs (Simpson's Rule) by a blinded sonographer. LVEF was visually estimated by two blinded readers using echocardiography with tissue harmonics and contrast harmonics on separate occasions. Results By linear regression analysis, LVEF determination by echocardiography with contrast using the Method of Discs correlated well with RNA (r = .835, p < .0005). Using Bland-Altman analysis, the second echocardiogram reader had excellent agreement with RNA, whereas the first reader had a mean difference of 5.25% (CI 1.3–9.2; p = .012) with visual assessment using tissue harmonics and a mean difference of 4.67% (CI 0.4–8.8; p = .031) with visual assessment using contrast harmonics compared with RNA. Thus, a small difference in agreement between RNA and echocardiographic visual estimation was noted that appeared to be primarily reader dependent. Conclusions LVEF determination with echocardiography with contrast using the Method of Discs correlated well with RNA and provided agreement across a range of cardiac functions. Visual echocardiographic assessment of LVEF with both tissue harmonics and contrast harmonics correlated well with RNA, but contrast harmonics did not appear to offer an advantage over tissue harmonics alone.
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Tolia, Sunit, Zubair Khan, Gunjan Gholkar, and Marcel Zughaib. "Validating Left Ventricular Filling Pressure Measurements in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure: CardioMEMS™ Pulmonary Arterial Diastolic Pressure versus Left Atrial Pressure Measurement by Transthoracic Echocardiography." Cardiology Research and Practice 2018 (July 15, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8568356.

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Background. Routine ambulatory echocardiographic estimates of left ventricular (LV) filling pressures are not cost-effective and are occasionally fraught with anatomic, physiologic as well as logistical limitations. The use of implantable hemodynamic devices such as CardioMEMS Heart Failure (HF) System has been shown to reduce HF-related readmission rates by remote monitoring of LV filling pressures. Little is known about the correlation between CardioMEMS and echocardiography-derived estimates of central hemodynamics. Methods. We performed a prospective, single-center study enrolling seventeen participants with New York Heart Association functional class II-III HF and preimplanted CardioMEMS sensor. Simultaneous CardioMEMS readings and a limited echocardiogram were performed at individual clinic visits. Estimated left atrial pressure (LAP) by echocardiogram was calculated by the Nagueh formula. Linear regression was used as a measure of agreement. Variability between methods was evaluated by Bland–Altman analysis. Results. Mean age was 74 ± 9 years; 59% (10/17) were males. LV systolic dysfunction was present in 76% (13/17) of subjects. Mean PAdP was 18 ± 4 mmHg and 19 ± 5 mmHg for CardioMEMS and echocardiographic-derived estimates, respectively, with a significant correlation between both methods (r2=0.798, p≤0.001). Conclusions. Our study illustrates a direct linear correlation between PAdP measured by CardioMEMS and simultaneous measurement of LV filling pressures derived by echocardiography.
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Compton, Gregory, Lynne Nield, Andreea Dragulescu, Lee Benson, and Lars Grosse-Wortmann. "Echocardiography as a Screening Test for Myocardial Scarring in Children with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy." International Journal of Pediatrics 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1980636.

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Introduction. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is burdened with morbidity and mortality including tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. These complications are attributed in part to the formation of proarrhythmic scars in the myocardium. The presence of extensive LGE is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in HCM. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) is the standard for the noninvasive evaluation of myocardial scars. However, echocardiography represents an attractive screening tool for myocardial scarring. The aim of this study was to compare the suitability of echocardiography to detect myocardial scars to the standard of cMRI-LGE.Methods. The cMRI studies and echocardiograms from 56 consecutive children with HCM were independently evaluated for the presence of cMRI-LGE and echocardiographic evidence of scarring by expert readers.Results. Echocardiography had a high sensitivity (93%) and negative predictive value (94%) in comparison to LGE. The false positive rate was high, leading to a low specificity (37%) and a low positive predictive value (35%).Conclusions. Given the poor specificity and positive predictive value, echocardiography is not a suitable screening test for the presence of myocardial scarring in children with HCM. However, children without echocardiographic evidence of myocardial scarring may not need to undergo cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to “rule in” LGE.
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Trivellas, Andromahi, Dane Brodke, Vivian Hu, Annabelle de St Maurice, Paul Krogstad, Mauricio Silva, and Rachel M. Thompson. "The utility of echocardiography in paediatric patients with musculoskeletal infections and bacteremia." Journal of Children's Orthopaedics 15, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1863-2548.15.210110.

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Purpose The clinical utility of echocardiography in the setting of a positive blood culture in paediatric patients presenting with osteomyelitis (OM) and/or septic arthritis (SA). Methods Retrospective review between 2013 and 2019: Patients < 18 years with OM, SA or combined infection (OM+SA) were included. Patients were excluded for immunodeficiency, loss of follow-up or penetrating infection. Charts with positive blood cultures were reviewed for echocardiography on that admission. Demographic variables were compared utilizing the Student’s t-test and Fisher’s exact test. A multivariable linear regression model was constructed to examine the association between echocardiography and length of stay, controlling for age, sex, fever, white blood cell (WBC) on admission, antibiotic administration and surgery performed. Results Of 157 patients with OM, SA or combined infection, 44 had a positive blood culture. In all, 26 had an echocardiogram, and none showed endocarditis. Echocardiography was independently associated with a 6.2-day length of stay increase. WBC count and surgical intervention demonstrated a trend toward significance in length of stay, with each WBC unit increase associated with a 0.53-day increase. Surgical intervention was associated with an average 6.3-day length of stay decrease. Conclusion No patient had a positive echocardiogram, and no changes in management were initiated. However, an echocardiogram increased stay by 6.2 days. In addition to costs associated with increased stay, patients were billed between $1460 and $1700 per echocardiogram. The utility of echocardiograms in the setting of bacteremia associated with musculoskeletal infections in the paediatric population should be re-examined, and guidelines should be updated to reflect the cost-benefit analysis. Level of Evidence: III
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