Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Éclairage architectural'
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Tourre, Vincent. "Simulation inverse de l'éclairage naturel pour le projet architectural." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383341.
Full textNous proposons une méthode qui concrétise les intentions d'ambiance lumineuse, par la production des propriétés géométriques et photométriques des ouvertures. Cette méthode s'attache tout d'abord à matérialiser les intentions d'ambiance lumineuse dans une scène 3d, par un rendu photométrique et des descripteurs graphiques. L'action sur ces descripteurs permet au concepteur d'exprimer ses intentions d'ambiance lumineuse à travers les paramètres physiques de l'éclairage.
Un modèle de simulation inverse de l'éclairage utilise ensuite ces paramètres physiques pour calculer les ouvertures. Le problème de la simulation inverse est posé comme une recherche d'émittance de sources. Une comparaison d'images entre l'apport des sources lumineuses et l'éclairage souhaité, permet d'évaluer les propriétés des éléments d'ouverture, et par conséquent, de définir les ouvertures du bâtiment. Le modèle est validé par des tests de reconstruction d'ouverture. La confrontation à une situation réelle montre les possibilités d'intégration de cette méthode dans la conception architecturale.
Tourre, Vincent. "Simulation inverse de l'éclairage naturel pour le projet architectural." Phd thesis, Nantes, 2007. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=26c5cff1-ee29-46be-971f-e6a6d9453ad2.
Full textThis research project deals with an inverse lighting model taking into account daylighting in architectural project. Our goal is to propose a digital method to assist “design by ambience intention” which is close from parametric design. Our work focus on incident light coming into designed space, from sky vault and urban surroundings. We propose a method which concretizes lighting ambience intentions, by producing geometrical and photometrical properties of openings. In first place, our method materializes lighting ambience intentions in a digital scene, with a photometric rendering and graphic descriptors. By using these descriptors, the designer is allowed to express his lighting ambience intentions through physical lighting parameters. An inverse lighting model uses these physical parameters to compute opening shape and size. Inverse lighting problem is seen as a source emittance research problem. An image comparison between source lighting and intended lighting allows to evaluate sources properties, and therefore to define building openings. This odel is checked through opening reconstruction in test cases. Confrontation to real situations shows integration possibilities of our model in architectural design
Poirier, Geneviève. "Le bois comme générateur d'ambiances visuelles en architecture : étude expérimentale comparative sur la satisfaction visuelle à l'aide de maquettes à l'échelle réduite." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28280.
Full textThis paper explores the potential for natural light to enhance wooden interior environments. Several studies have proven that the use of wood in furniture, interior surfaces and decoration help creating warm, bright and pleasant ambiences, enhancing psychological well-being and comfort when compared to other materials. This study aims to compare and examine the photometric and psychologic effects of diverse wooden environments. The objectives of this project were twofold: first, to study the diversity of northern sky conditions in terms of cloud cover and thickness as well as to evaluate the impacts of the diversity of natural light on five different wooden scale models. In order to create a cloudiness scale, weather data was collected during spring equinox in Quebec City, as well as photometric measurements. A photographic survey occurred in five scale models made with interior wooden finishes of varying color combinations, which documented the impact of sky diversity on brightness, hue and contrast. Simultaneous scale model studies under a real sky allowed direct comparison under the exact same lighting conditions. The second objective was to explore the effects of different colors, finish and ratio of wooden surfaces combinations on human perception. More specifically, participants compare simultaneously the five different interior wooden scale models under the natural light of the northern hemisphere in terms of their appreciation, visual comfort and well-being. The survey involved 80 participants with an exploratory questionnaire in order to compare and classify the different models. Conclusions showed a remarkable diversity of visual ambiences for a South-East oriented space depending on the position of the sun and sky conditions. Gray-dyed wooden finishes created dull and unchanging atmospheres, while yellow oaked surfaces allowed various dynamic ambiences. Participants demonstrated a preference for clear, bright and warm models, relating them cognitive and small-scale tasks. Darker models in terms of reflectance and lighting ambiences were the least preferred, especially for women.
Pineault, Nathalie. "Effets des types de vitrage sur la qualité de l'éclairage naturel : étude expérimentale à l'aide d'une maquette à échelle réduite d'une salle de séjour." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21093.
Full textThe use of tinted and coated glazing is one of the strategies that can improve energy efficiency of residential buildings. However, these glazing types modify the quantity and quality of daylight in the building and these modifications affect the visual perception of the interior and view out. This effect is probably more important to consider in spaces dedicated to contemplation, such as a residential living room, because more attention is allocated to the room’s ambience. However, most studies in this area have been conducted in a work environment and no studies have been conducted in a residential environment. The main objective of this research was to study the effect of glazing type on daylight quality in residential spaces. The experience was conducted using a scale model of a typical living room where the glazing type was interchangeable. Seven glazing samples provided by local manufacturers were tested. The participants looked inside the model and evaluated daylighting qualities according to each glazing type. Furthermore, the transmitted light colour was studied and analysed by a digital photo analysis. The main results confirmed most of the work hypotheses and corroborated some results of previous research. Among these results, it was found that the glazing type influences the perception of light level, naturalness, beauty and pleasantness and precision. Also, the correlation between visual transmittance and the qualitative factors confirms the hypothesis that glazing types of a higher visual transmittance produce more positive ratings regarding the perception of naturalness, beauty and pleasantness and precision. Furthermore, results suggest that for a similar transmittance (82 and 83%), participants preferred an iron-free double pane glazing to a standard double pane glazing, which is probably due to the spectral neutrality of the iron-free glazing. Finally, this research indicates that glazing types with a strong green shift are generally disliked.
Lépine, Pierre. "La diversité environnementale en architecture : Potentiel de l'image numérique pour l'exploration des ambiances lumineuses et thermique in situ." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28157/28157.pdf.
Full textThe energy efficiency of a building is closely linked to the experience of occupants in architecture. Architects neglecting the visual and thermal qualities of light during the preliminary phase of design can lead to occupants discomfort and deceiving energy performance of the building. Architects must integrate environmental diversity as a design criteria at the first stage of design. While the assessment of the quantitative aspect of light and heat has been widely explored, very few researchers investigated the combined visual and thermal qualities of light over space and time. Energy modeling softwares, which are often used in the design and construction industry, tend to rely on precise information such as the nature of all materials and need countless information to operate, which allows only experts to get a detailed insight on the visual and thermal behavior of a building. This also makes energy simulation modeling inadequate at the first stage of design since a lot of parameters are still unknown. We could therefore say that software simulation «validates» a design concept, but cannot help «generate» that concept. That being said, it can be difficult for designers to figure out how the «invisible» (i.e. the thermal environment) part of the physical environment varies without the involvement of software modeling. There is indeed a need for a new method, a new type of precedents in architecture, devoted to train the eye of the architects to predict, by intuitive thinking, the behavior of lighting and thermal patterns of daylighting in time and space. This research explores the potential of using photographic and thermographic cameras in conjunction with three-dimensional models for the representation and assessment of the quality of light and heat in existing buildings. Recent development in infrared thermal imagery now offers the opportunity to open up the invisible thermal aspect of space to architects, integrating three-dimensional modeling, a powerful tool for visualizing and representing building environments, widely used by architects. The correct representation of the dynamics of those ambiances can generate considerable benefits on the understanding and the assessment of existing buildings and thus set up an unlimited source of precedents to seek advice from during the design of a new construction. As tangible artifacts, they constitute material entities with which to interact and thereby develop knowledge. Keywords: Luminous and thermal diversity, architecture, digital imagery, contrast, visualization, representation, 3d modelling.
Rodrigue, Myriam. "Relevés lumineux tridimensionnels en architecture." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34965.
Full textThis master thesisproposesLiDARtridimensional laser scanning as a new daylighting enquiry and visualization method for real built environments for architects and designers. It constitutes a complement to actual lighting methods because it responds to the limitations of the illuminance measuring method, computer simulation and high dynamic rangeimagery concerning the survey and representation of lighting patterns. It presents a case study to determine the advantages and limitations of 3D laser scanning in a vast, geometrically complex and fragmented naturally and artificially lit cafeteria. Lighting patterns and the geometry of the space are captured with a 3D laser scanner through a series of four scans. The scans are aligned and fused to form a single 3D model of the entire space. The lighting distribution patterns are showcased in relation to the materiality, geometry and position of windows, walls, lighting fixtures and the lighting sources and presented through images similar to architectural presentation drawings. More precisely, the lighting distribution patterns are illustrated in a floor plan, a reflected ceiling plan, an axonometry and a cross-section. The method provides powerful visualization results and facilitates their understanding as an unlimited number of images can be generated from a point cloud.The precision of the method for surveying daylit environments surveyed through one and several scans is also verified by comparing lighting patterns between HDR and point cloud imageries. Moreover, it explores tridimensional laser scanning as a method for rendering new lighting ambiances in existing spaces.
Dubois, Catherine. "Confort et diversité des ambiances lumineuses en architecture : l'influence de l'éclairage naturel sur les occupants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23949/23949.pdf.
Full textJafarian, Hoda. "Lighting ambiances and materialities of wood in architecture : a comparative evaluation of the quality of spaces in relation to interior finishes." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27262.
Full textWood is a material often used by architects to enhance the overall ambiance of a space but few research discuss its actual impact on visual impressions and luminous effects. This research studies the influence of wood materialities in relation to creating specific lighting ambiances in architecture. More particularly, it focuses on the impact of decorative wood indoor panels on the creation of daylighting diversity in interior spaces and the potential to improve environmental satisfaction and energy efficiency. The research uses scale models for their accuracy in rendering complex daylighting ambiances in conjunction with the latest imaging technologies to capture and analyze the results. The methodology enables the comparison between different settings of interior spaces created by a selection of wood type materialities: ratio (percentage), color and gloss. Spatial modalities are compared in the presence of direct sunlighting and diffuse skylight conditions since lighting patterns and ambiances differ considerably. The results enable a discussion of ambiances in terms of brightness and contrast, color, as well as the luminous distribution in the space. The research underlines roles of wood materialities to achieve luminous diversity and creating visually comfortable interior ambiances as well as its opportunities to enhance architectural ambiances in relation to light.
Fasse, Isabelle. "Simulation d'illumination d'édifices architecturaux en image de synthèse : expérimentations." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10148.
Full textThe lighting design of interior or exterior architectural buildings or urban spaces in general, is a recent activity that nowadays undergoes profound changes from the conception to the realization. In this work, it is shown that computer aided simulations of the principals of light propagation as well as their visualization by image systhesis can provide precious support to lighting design. In particular, the novelty of this PhD work is two fold: - First, for an application point of view. The lighting design of the "Cour Carrée du Louvre" was the first project in its kind where a new lighting concept and a unique technology were invented and simulated before the in-situ realization. Through this application, it is shown how complex a lighting design can be, not only for a technical point of view by also for an architectural point of view. - Second, from an engineering point of view. Part of this work, contributed to the developpement of the first image systhesis software with which several lighting concepts were tested. The theorical background upon which this software is based as well as its functionalities are described
Bonneric, Julie. "Lumière et mosquées en Égypte et Syrie médiévales, des conquêtes arabes (milieu du VIIe s. ) à la fin de la dynastie ayyūbide (milieu du XIIIe s. ) : gestion de l'éclairage et portée symbolique." Paris, EPHE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPHE4031.
Full textA profound interest in light characterized Islam, in Egypt and the Bilād al-Shām, until the end of the Ayyūbid dynasty. This interest appears in numerous references or symbols (profane and theosophic), but also in forms and materials (architecture, lighting, furnishings). By comparing and bringing together various sources (archaeological, textual, architectural, photometric, and iconographic), light emerges as an exploitable historical fact. Through this framework, the study of mosques offers essential opportunities for understanding light in Islam. Specifically, mosques take light into account in its three dimensions: as both as vector of perception and immaterial architecture that organizes space, light can also become a reference that symbolizes or gives sight to hidden realities. Mosques are not only sacred spaces where God is celebrated, but also spaces for life and socialization. The architectural crafting of light is thus subordinated to these functional practices: it should, in particular, create a certain visual comfort, as in any secular edifice. Nevertheless, light is crafted and worked not only for its functional virtues. Artificial light, in particular, in mosques, leads to the definition of a particular space that affirms its sacred character, as opposed to secular space that bathes in a natural, raw light that is uniformly distributed. Light contributes to the transformation of the experience of the space and place itself into a singular religious experience, because it maintains a particular affinity with the sphere of the divine and sacred
Gallas, Mohamed-Anis. "De l'intention à la solution architecturale : proposition d'une méthode d'assistance à la prise en compte de la lumière naturelle durant les phases amont de conception." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0101.
Full textThe daylight illuminates the architectural space and creates the necessary conditions to accommodate human activities. The illuminating function of daylight is joined to another sensitive dimension that attributes a distinctive identity to the designed space. The control of daylight in architectural environment needs some detailed and precise characteristics about aperture and walls features. The multiplicity of these characteristics is faced with the inaccuracy and the uncertainty of the design information available during the early steps. Our research aims to propose a design support method that takes into account the early design step features and helps designers to integrate there daylight atmosphere intentions in project. We propose a design support method structured as a declarative modelling process. The declarative process helps the designer to declare his daylight intentions and to translate them to potential solutions that could be integrated in his project. This method considers the designer intentions as the main design information used to help designer during the early design steps. The proposed method provides functionalities that could operate the inaccuracy and the uncertainty of the ideas research and formalisation steps. Our design support method was implemented in a prototype design support tool. The cognitive contribution and the ability to support the design activities of the proposed tool was evaluated and analysed in an experimental design context
Zribi, Salma. "Voir, savoir, concevoir : une méthode d’assistance à la conception d’ambiances lumineuses par l’utilisation d’images références." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL061N.
Full textThe natural light is a strong concern in the design of an architectural project. It has a great influence on visual comfort and architectural quality of interior spaces. Several methods and tools have been developed to assist architects in the design of bright atmospheres. Analysis of these different methods and tools showed that they are not well adapted to the designers activity during the early stages of design. In this thesis, our objective is to enhance the early stages of design by providing designers with a support for the formalization of their intentions of bright atmospheres. The aim is to make natural light a thread in the development of the architectural project. The study of the practice of designers during the early stages of design has shown that they frequently use references acting as heuristic devices. Analysis of the characteristics of these references and their evocation showed that images, as type of references, promote the expression of desires, wishes and intentions of the designer. Assistance to the activity of referring by the images would be a valuable aid in the formalization of intentions to include the natural light into the project design. We developed a method based on developping an image database of representative references of bright atmosphere and supported with a handling environment and exploration of this particular base. To achieve this, we consider, in the one hand, the role of the reference-image as the active item of visual reasoning and, on the other hand, aspects of referring process, specially, in a mode of analogical reasoning. This method has been implemented in a prototype tool called « day@mbiance ». This tool provides an image database composed of photographs of interior spaces with natural lighting. These images are indexed using an original thesaurus dedicated to « bright atmosphere ». The tool also experiments different modes of navigation through images that are defined in order to stimulate different cognitive activities in each stage of the referring process
Marrakchi, Mohamed. "Couleur et conception lumière dans l'architecture hospitalière en Tunisie : approche esthétique et poïétique." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20095.
Full textInnovation hospital design interested field and creation in reading and aesthetic and poietic approach. This research aims to contribute to reflections on aesthetics and poietics, through questions about color and light. The conceptual approach ends with a back and forth between theory and practice, between sensitivity and nervous system, between complexity and simplicity. I'm looking through this research, to find another identity sanitary spaces Tunisia, respecting both the technical requirements and medical heritage identity. I put the problems of the approach and methodology, reflection and reading, the theoretical and empirical. The different parts of this doctoral research focuses on the relationship between color and light designs and some questions for poietic and aesthetic
Atié, Michèle. "Perception des ambiances lumineuses d'architectures remarquables : analyse des impressions en situation réelle et à travers des photographies omnidirectionnelles dans un casque immersif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ECDN0047.
Full textThis thesis is at the crossroads of the fields of luminous atmospheres, architectural pedagogy, perception and immersion. It focuses on the design and implementation of a new experimental methodology for evaluating the ability of HDR stereoscopic omnidirectional static photographs, projected in an immersive Head-Mounted Display (HMD), to faithfully reproducesubjective impressions of luminous atmospheres experienced in reference architectural places. Specific consideration is given to the impact of tone mapping operators (TMOs). Our methodology involves several steps: designing a grid for analyzing the luminous atmospheres of iconic places based on expert judgement; implementing in situ data collection to assess luminous atmospheres (questionnaire, light measurements, HDR omnidirectional photographic recordings), and implementinga method for assessing luminous atmospheres in an HMD. The results provide knowledge about the characteristics of the in situ luminous atmospheres of seven iconic buildings and the perceptual fidelity of each luminous atmosphere’s impression in the HMD, depending on the TMOs. The findings also highlight the relationship between the impressions selected by the experts and those assessed in situ and in the HMD. This knowledge is useful for future pedagogical applications in architecture
Du, Montier Cédric. "La façade adaptative en architecture : potentiel énergétique et lumineux du panneau isolant mobile." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29622/29622.pdf.
Full textThis research focuses on the performance of movable insulation panels as manual shading devices and as an energy conservation strategy for an office space. High lighting level requirements for such spaces ask for a quest for transparency which results in high thermal losses in cold climates. Simulation results demonstrate the device’s potential in reducing energy consumption as well as diversifying visual ambiances. Three forms of panels are simulated using IES VE and Radiance module. Optimal manipulations are determined from an energy and lighting standpoint by assessing two metrics and are compared to illustrate their effects on lighting environment and energy loads. Optimal scenarios are constructed on an hourly basis to illustrate differences in energy and lighting needs. While some manipulation scenarios clearly demonstrate non compatible effects on energy and lighting performance, some scenarios can significantly improve both energy and lighting performance and should be considered. Conclusions address the potential of movable insulation panels as an effective adaptive strategy.
Gallas, Mohamed-Anis. "De l'intention à la solution architecturale : proposition d'une méthode d'assistance à la prise en compte de la lumière naturelle durant les phases amont de conception." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0101/document.
Full textThe daylight illuminates the architectural space and creates the necessary conditions to accommodate human activities. The illuminating function of daylight is joined to another sensitive dimension that attributes a distinctive identity to the designed space. The control of daylight in architectural environment needs some detailed and precise characteristics about aperture and walls features. The multiplicity of these characteristics is faced with the inaccuracy and the uncertainty of the design information available during the early steps. Our research aims to propose a design support method that takes into account the early design step features and helps designers to integrate there daylight atmosphere intentions in project. We propose a design support method structured as a declarative modelling process. The declarative process helps the designer to declare his daylight intentions and to translate them to potential solutions that could be integrated in his project. This method considers the designer intentions as the main design information used to help designer during the early design steps. The proposed method provides functionalities that could operate the inaccuracy and the uncertainty of the ideas research and formalisation steps. Our design support method was implemented in a prototype design support tool. The cognitive contribution and the ability to support the design activities of the proposed tool was evaluated and analysed in an experimental design context
Zribi, Salma. "Voir, savoir, concevoir : une méthode d’assistance à la conception d’ambiances lumineuses par l’utilisation d’images références." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL061N/document.
Full textThe natural light is a strong concern in the design of an architectural project. It has a great influence on visual comfort and architectural quality of interior spaces. Several methods and tools have been developed to assist architects in the design of bright atmospheres. Analysis of these different methods and tools showed that they are not well adapted to the designers activity during the early stages of design. In this thesis, our objective is to enhance the early stages of design by providing designers with a support for the formalization of their intentions of bright atmospheres. The aim is to make natural light a thread in the development of the architectural project. The study of the practice of designers during the early stages of design has shown that they frequently use references acting as heuristic devices. Analysis of the characteristics of these references and their evocation showed that images, as type of references, promote the expression of desires, wishes and intentions of the designer. Assistance to the activity of referring by the images would be a valuable aid in the formalization of intentions to include the natural light into the project design. We developed a method based on developping an image database of representative references of bright atmosphere and supported with a handling environment and exploration of this particular base. To achieve this, we consider, in the one hand, the role of the reference-image as the active item of visual reasoning and, on the other hand, aspects of referring process, specially, in a mode of analogical reasoning. This method has been implemented in a prototype tool called « day@mbiance ». This tool provides an image database composed of photographs of interior spaces with natural lighting. These images are indexed using an original thesaurus dedicated to « bright atmosphere ». The tool also experiments different modes of navigation through images that are defined in order to stimulate different cognitive activities in each stage of the referring process
Doulcier, Laurent Jean. "Elaboration de classes qualitatives pour l'aide à la décision en conception architecturale de l'éclairage mixte d'un local." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENPC9808.
Full textThis study is a contribution to the way of integrating some technical sight into architecture. The practical experience is taken into account. This concerns the steps where precision is not a big issue. It joins by the side of technical items, regard-value items and economical criterion. This work takes place in the continuity of new outlooks opened by the very new theorical studies of the Architecturology « school ». It is based on rank idea in some typical architecturology scales. This rank idea paradox in the design process continuum, leads to understand it better, by the mean of links between it and qualitatives and numeric tools which operates as a measuring tools. Some simple operations upon ranks allows afterwards to qualify situations where several criterions take place simultaneously without requiring a sophisticated mathematic. The sub-problem of the lighting was hold to be studied thoroughly. It reduces this field to the slightly studied area of the lighting of small trading shops. A semi quantitative and qualitative analysis of a standard shop brightness in natural and electric compound lighting is led from the conventional technical tools. We analyse systematically the sensitiveness to all its different parameters. We use a rule of brightness levels on the key planes and on the minimal annual energy consummation of electric lighting, with all due respect to the normalised lighting during the business hours. The following sensitiveness parameters set is systematically analised : shop area, shop shape, openings surface and location, transparency quality of the glasses, orientation according to cardinal points, hight and brightness of facing buildings, brightness of interior materials, investments and using costs. These parameters lead to define the first tehnical items of natural and electric compound lighting for an outline of the project, which tipicaly validate a new oprational concept : the Uniform Reflection Factor Equivalent to the Trio ceiling-wall-floor (URFET, FRUET in french language). This factor reduces the combination set of three continuous parameters, the factors of diffuse reflection of the faces, to a single one which can be easily computed because the definition of the ranks of interior brightness is relevant. The ranks and qualitative and semi numeric iems handled by our approach, can be used by a designer who is non expert in lighting field, and is understandable by a governor-customer. Syntetic graphics allow to quickly qualify variants of design of a concrete case, and to lead the choices in simple dialogue between the designer and his customer
Cantin, François. "Évaluation de la qualité lumineuse d'un environnement de travail éclairé naturellement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25625/25625.pdf.
Full textThis research aims to develop a methodology for the assessment of daylight quality in individual office spaces. The proposed methodology is based on performance indicators related to illuminance, distribution (variability) , glare and directivity. The calculations are performed with the Radiance Lighting Simulation System for a South-West and a North-West oriented office located on the fifth floor of the Caisse de dépôt et placement (CDP) in Montreal. The daylight conditions of these offices are studied under a series of clear skies and an overcast sky. The selected indicators for the assessment of daylight quality are the vector/scalar illuminance ratio, the altitude of illuminance vector, the luminance difference index (LD index), the useful daylight illuminance (UDI) and the size of sunlight patches. The literature encourages the researcher to use advanced indicators like these in order to go beyond a simple study of horizontal illuminance and to deepen the analysis of luminous environment. The results allow a detailed performance assessment for each office. Furthermore, the analysis of the results underline the complementarity of the indicators, i.e., the necessity to compare them to adequately assess daylight quality. Finally, polar diagrams are used to synthesize the results. This graphical approach introduces a useful method to represent luminous ambiances.
Chamont, David. "Architecture logicielle pour la simulation des transferts radiatifs." Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0254_CHAMONT.pdf.
Full textKoulouris, Véronique. "Ombre et lumière dans la ville : le potentiel de l'image numérique pour l'exploration et l'analyse des ambiances lumineuses nocturnes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62072.pdf.
Full textDromain, Marietta. "La fenêtre et l'éclairage dans l'architecture grecque antique : monuments publics et religieux de la Grèce égéenne." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30047.
Full textThis PhD is about the study of the architectural openings and their functions, their relations with the lightening and the types of the studied monuments, publics, half-private or religious, in the Aegean Greek world. Indeed, there are few general studies based on the windows and other lightening way, which the importance is visible with the great quantity of different employed forms, and the architectural feats that allowed realizing some of there. This thesis wants to show that beyond the lightening, a lot of others functions and dimensions can be accorded to the architectural openings, and try to determine what is the place of the natural light - in comparison of the artificial lightening when it is possible - and above all if the lightening predominates on the architecture, or inversely. For that, form and function of the buildings are in correlation with this duality window/lightening. Moreover, this global analysis occurs at a chronological and geographical level, in order to find or not regional particularities and trends or influences. The study period runs until archaic period to the born of the Roman Empire, the geographical setting concerns the Aegean Greece. The concerned disciplines are varied: the architecture of course, but also epigraphy, counts and inventories helping to do a good census report of the openings like doors. Thus, uprights of these windows, as well as frameworks for zenithal openings, are named. Texts relating constructions or repairing are very important too. As for the ancient authors, they sometimes give some indications, notably when they write about a cult or a building visit, in particular Pausanias, even details often lack. Furthermore, the artistic representations, as paint on pottery or on walls, and coins, are good indicators. We can have with them a global vision of the lightening notion and its importance in very different types of buildings like temples or porticoes
Arsenault, Hélène. "EFFETS DU VERRE TEINTÉ SUR LA QUALITÉ DE LA LUMIÈRE NATURELLE, L'ÉVEIL DES OCCUPANTS ET L'UTILISATION D'UN ÉCLAIRAGE D'APPOINT." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29060/29060.pdf.
Full textThe impact on daylight quality perception, of three windows of similar visual transmittance but different colour (blue, neutral, bronze) was investigated. Participants (n=36, mean age 23.8 years) were seated with their upper body immersed in a scale model (1:4) replicating an office room composed of four walls and a changeable window (blue, neutral or bronze) oriented towards the south-east direction. On separate sessions (one for each window glazing), participants were asked to evaluate the luminous conditions in the room according to the following qualitative factors: visual comfort; naturality; pleasantness; precision (of details and textures); light level. Participants were also asked to evaluate their level of arousal using a sleepiness scale (KSS) at the beginning and end of each session. Mixed model analyses revealed statistically significant higher scores for the factors pleasantness (p=0,003 and p=0,017 when results from the oral and written questions were combined), comfort (p=0,015) and daylight quality (p=0,044) for the bronze window glazing compared to the blue and neutral glazing. The neutral glazing was also preferred over blue for pleasantness (p=0,021). Paired t-test analysis from the KSS results indicated a slight decrease in the level of arousal in presence of the blue glazing. Overall, the thesis shows that there appears to be a clear preference for ambient light filtered through bronze window glazing compared to blue window glazing.
Miguet, Francis. "Paramètres physiques des ambiances architecturales." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00546996.
Full textMontenegro, Iturra Esteban Emilio. "Impact de la configuration des bâtiments scolaires sur leur performance lumineuse, thermique et énergétique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28011/28011.pdf.
Full textSillion, François X. "Simulation de l'éclairage pour la synthèse d'images : réalisme et interactivité." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112208.
Full textThis work is dealing with lighting models for image synthesis. We first review the physical laws governing the interaction of light with the objects, from which the lighting calculation algorithms are derived, using various approximations. The classical models allowing a global treatment of the illumination, namely by considering the interreflection of light between objects, are then presented. We propose a new calculation algorithm for the radiosity method, which proves especially useful when a high precision is seeked. We then present a new lighting model which combines the strengths of the two main previous methods, and allows a greater realism for the pictures produced, as it models simultaneously specular and diffuse reflection. The algorithms presented in the past few years to simulate light reflection are discussed and compared to our method, so as to allow a motivated choice of the algorithm best suited to one's goals and possibilities. Finally, a set of interaction techniques are proposed, which make the light simulation process easier to use. The organisation of an interactive lighting simulation system is presented, and possible applications are discussed
Chevrier, Christine. "Génération de séquences composées d'images de synthèse et d'images vidéo." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10121.
Full textThe visual impact assessment of architectural projects in urban environments is usually based on manual drawings, paintings on photographs, scale models or computer-generated images. These techniques are either too expensive or not realistic enough. Strictly using computer images means requiring an accurate 3D model of the environment. Computing such a model takes a long time and the results lack of visual accuracy. Our technique of overlaying computer generated images onto photographs of the environment is considerably more effective and reliable. This method is a promising solution regarding computation time (no accurate 3D model of the environment) as weIl as visual realism (provided by the photograph itself). Such a solution requires nevertheless to solve lots of problems in order to get geometrical and photometrical coherence in the resulting image. To this end, image analysis and image synthesis methods have to be designed and developed. The method is generalized to produce an animated film, and can furthermore greatly increase the realism of the simulation. My Ph. D. Work was to test and integrate various image analysis and synthesis techniques for the composition of computer generated images with pictures or video film. This report explains the steps required for a realistic encrustation. For each of these steps, various techniques were tested in order to be able to choose the most suitable solutions according to the state of the most recent researches and to the applications we were dealing with (architectural and urban projects). The application of this work was the simulation of the Paris Bridges illumination projects. Concurrently to this work, I present a new method for the interpolation of computer images for the generation of a sequence of images. This method requires no approximation of the camera motion. Since video images are interlaced, sequences of computer images need to be interleaved too. The interpolation technique we propose is capable of doing this
Deville, Pascal. "Modélisation et simulation des propriétés radiatives des sources lumineuses." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10004.
Full textThe physical precision of simulations which permit the realistic visualization of a given geometric environnement depends on two factors: the precision of the physical model which describes the radiative properties of light sources (emittance) and surface (reflectance) of this environnement, and the precision of light propagation calculations between these surfaces. The work of my thesis presented here consists of defining a model for light source which permits the simulation of complex lighting system. This model takes into account any arbitrary type of spectral distributions (continuous or non-continuous) and spatial distributions (uniform or non-uniform). - In image synthesis technology today, the spectral characteristics of light sources are still often modelized in the RGB colorimetric system. This colorimetric system does not allow us to obtain precise simulations from given spectral data because it depends on display device. Methods have been recently developed to sample the wavelength domain and calculate the light propagation from this set of samplesj which however, do not permit the treatment of complex spectral characteristics. To solve this problem, we have proposed a method based upon preliminary analyse of spectrums utilized. This method removed certain constraints imposed by actual methods. -To take into account the spatial energy distribution of light sources in the illumination calculations, classical methods assume that the distributions are uniform. This simplification is unjust since artificial sources never have a uniform spatial energy distribution. To simulate this type of light sources, models based upon gonio-photometric diagram provided by the manufacturers of lighting systems have been developed. However, these methods introduce an important error in the surface illumination calculation when sources are dose to the surface. This is why we have proposed a new method founded upon a precise geometric modelization of a light fixture (lamp, reflector, lens) and consider the source like a sub-domain of this environnement which emits energy by an intermediate interface zone. Inside this sub-domain, the spatial energy distribution is calculated on the interface zone by using a projection method. The two methods (spatial and spectral distributions) actually proposed in this thesis have been experimented and will be transferred into the industrial domain further developement
Bourgeois, Denis J. "Detailed occupancy prediction, occupancy-sensing control and advanced behavioural modelling within whole-building energy simulation." Doctoral thesis, Québec : Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22706/22706.pdf.
Full textNahon, Raphaël. "Modélisation des échanges radiatifs à l'échelle urbaine pour un urbanisme bioclimatique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10130/document.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to evaluate the bioclimatism of an urban project at its early stages: its capacity to harness daylight, the energy efficiency of the projected building and the thermal comfort of the outdoor environment. A first proposal for the exterior geometry is made in the mass plan. At this stage, buildings are commonly represented as mass blocks. Architectural details, such as windows shapes, interior coatings or wall composition are not defined, and daylighting inside the buildings or thermal behavior of their envelope are impossible to model. Nevertheless, we show that it is possible to evaluate as soon as in the mass plan the impact of the exterior radiative sources on the bioclimatism of the project. The concepts of sufficient and useful luminances and radiant temperatures are introduced. The first two criteria traduce the percentage of the year in which an outside luminous source induces a convenient illuminance inside the buildings; the third one traduces the impact of an outside radiative source on the heating and cooling of the outside surfaces and the outdoor thermal comfort. We analyze their distribution on the sky vault and highlight its variability under different climates. The final objective of this thesis is to propose a software likely to lead the urban planners in their search of bioclimatic urban forms: ensuring daylight access inside the buildings, energy efficiency and outdoor thermal comfort
Radeva, Elena. "Le rôle de la lumière dans l'aménagement urbain : le cas de la Piste des Carrières à Montréal." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20011.
Full textBertin, Sylvain. "Le paysage urbain nocturne : une dialectique du regard entre ombre et lumière." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18419.
Full textThis thesis questions the ways the urban landscape is constructed at night. It develops a dialectical approach of sight, between luminosity and darkness. Because the city becomes invisible in the darkness, the night puts the existence of the city in jeopardy. This thesis explores the new interpretations of the city resulting from the illuminated landscapes. The purpose is to understand the changing and unstable appearances of the city at night. To discover the city at night implies understanding the ephemeral aspects of its appearance, its capacity to survive and to be visually transformed. The night reveals the fascination for light as well as the fear of darkness. Night is governed by visual changes; it intensifies and multiplies the significance of the urban spaces to the viewer. Between Dionysian and malign nights, a variety of “urban nocturnal scenes” appears. Because night changes the visual conditions and therefore the perception of the city, this study develops a reflection on the urban landscape considering the night as a “heterotopia”. Situated at the meeting point of the real and the imaginary, this investigation questions the limits of what is visible in order to look at what is invisible. This research reveals a complex relationship between the city and lighting; it examines how the society looks at darkness and how new relations with urban spaces emerge at night. Lighting provides the backdrop for activities; it regulates city perceptions’ and experiences’ at night. Night time enables to consider the tensions between luminosity and darkness. This investigation of the “in-between” of light and dark contributes to the comprehension of the city at night through a transversal perspective. Therefore, this study is composed of a literature review on the evolution of urban lighting approaches, and on the relation that the city has with the night time iii and the darkness. It provides an understanding of new approaches of lighting design with the addition of new concepts emerging in the literature on the night. The methodological approach includes anthropological and experiential landscape perspectives to question the different ways of looking at the night. Interviews with stakeholders from different disciplines—urban planning, architecture, landscape architecture, design and art—and the study of the visual and sensitive experience of the city at night, provide a diversity of ways to see the city at night. Using Montreal as a case study, this Canadian metropolis offers an original context to better understand the relation that the occidental society has with the city at night. The dissertation presents a hierarchization of the representations of the urban spaces. From the recognition of downtown spaces, passing by the banalization of daily spaces and the misreading of marginal places, this research depicts a new portrait of Montreal and how it is seen and imagined at night. It contributes in a new comprehension on how the city is planned and experienced, depending on sociocultural representations of night time. It aims at defining what is the “nocturnal urban landscape”.
Bertin, Sylvain. "Recherche qualitative des enjeux de la mise en lumière urbaine : création d’un modèle opératoire pour la conception des projets d’éclairage." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4370.
Full textThis study examines urban lighting, its conception and complexity. The study explores the operational mechanisms of lighting design projects, through an analysis and understanding of this type of project. Issues of urban lighting are studied to understand how these are perceived from different perspectives, including urban design, the environment, culture, visual communication, as well as the perception of various actors and their practices. This empirical research uses a qualitative research approach to understand the different meanings of light as a phenomenon and how these meanings are used within the creation of real projects. The fundamental question asked is what constitutes an appropriate lighting approach for urban lighting design in the context of an urban milieu? How does a project evolve from conception to final realisation? Who are the different actors and what are their perceptions of a lighting design project? The study investigates how professionals create lighting projects and how these get realised, through a complex understanding of multiple factors. The literature review explores different theories and meanings of light as a phenomena and how these become a catalyst to creating interpretations when designing in the urban milieu. The research proceeds with case studies and work experiences that demonstrate the complexities inherent in conceiving lighting projects. A complex research approach was used that integrates phenomenological and “Grounded theory” methods with case study analysis. This qualitative approach allows for an understanding of both the complexity in this type of projects and a perspective from the various players. Data is collected to combine practices from the field with the perception of this practice by the actors in lighting design. First, case studies both from urban sites and from lighting sites were used to situate the theoretical ideas explored. Second, the methodology included case study data collection and interviews with professionals who work on urban lighting projects. This data is collected using action research and semi-directed interviews to collect data about how the actors perceive their own activities. The analysis includes both interpretive and grounded theory methods. The data is analysed incorporating an interpretative approach, to determine the convergent and the divergent points between the theorical issues defined before and the issues defined after by the research on the field. This comparison will permit us to create an interpretation of the complexity of the issues of the urban lighting design, both from a theorical and a practical point of view. The results show how the complexity of lighting as a phenomenon demands complex tools for the conception and realisation of lighting projects. The emergent phenomenon from the analysis help to create a proposed model that shows these different complexities as an integrated system. This system could be used as a guide to understand the mechanisms which work from the point of the context, the actors, the means and the issues of the projects. The final theoretical model proposed suggests a way to understand this complexity of the urban lighting design project, what different elements constitute these projects, their roles and their inter-relationships. This model helps to form a basis for what determines the quality of a lighting design project and could be used as a tool for lighting professionals. This study contributes to providing a methodological and analytical guideline and reveals the importance of the lighting design phenomenon by questioning these activities linked to the industrial design, architecture and urbanism. Finally, we return back to the idea of what constitutes “good lighting” through an analysis comparing the theory to what actually occurs in the field.