Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Éclairage électrique'
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Albou, Pierre. "De l'alimentation des lampes à décharge pour l'automobile." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066398.
Full textRuscassie, Robert. "Contribution à l'étude des modes d'alimentation des lampes à décharge haute pression à halogènures métalliques en vue d'une application gradable pour l'éclairage urbain." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20218.
Full textMaamari, Fawaz. "La Simulation numérique de l'éclairage, limites et potentialités." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0016/these.pdf.
Full textThis thesis aims to a better knowledge of the reliability of the lighting computer programs, and to participate to the extension of the potentials in this domain. First, we propose a validation methodology based on a set of test cases, where one part is associated to analytical references and the other part is based on experimental measurements conducted with respect to a set of specifications that we defined to minimize uncertainties in experimental references. Second, we propose and validate two innovative daylighting simulation techniques. The first is based on replacing the standard sky models used in lighting simulations by real luminance maps. The second is based on replacing the external environment by an equivalent luminaire over the opening surface
Izbicki, Jean-Louis. "Représentation de la lumière électrique dans les peintures de la fin du XIXe siècle à 1937." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30002.
Full textTo justify his point of view in a scientific controversy, Volta made a device, later called "Volta pile" or "Volta battery", which was the first generator that made it possible to obtain a permanent current. After his travels in Europe to show his discovery, along with its publication in a scientific journal, the first applications followed immediately, thanks in particular to Davy. The "electric light" appeared and its development has continued ever since. The electric arc, the Jablochkoff candle, light bulbs, neon tubes. - these are the various technologies implemented in the 1840s - 1910. The most surprising, no doubt, is the fact that during all those years it was not possible to specify exactly what the notion of current covered. In what way can the knowledge of electricity, and therefore of electric light, be relevant and enriching for the eye, the pleasure, and the analysis of paintings related to the new artificial light that appeared at the very beginning of the 19th century? This work is based on the following assumption: a scientist's perspective can contribute to the understanding of a painting. The knowledge of the scientific facts, their observations or their conceptualizations, their hesitations, their inaccuracies accompanying the birth and the development of the electric light seem necessary to help establish a complete analysis of the works. In what places and at what times did this new light manifest itself? How was it received in the intellectual sphere or in the press? What evolutions did the electric light cause and how were they represented? From the mid- to late nineteenth century, what evolution in electric light technologies occurred? What, then, were the new subjects dealt with by painters? The analysis, under electric light, of one part of the history of art has revealed : frontal views of electric lights in paintings by Sonia Terk Delaunay, Goncharova and Balla; saturated illuminations in the works of Sluijters and Rockwell ; beams structuring the night space, from Nevinson to Vallotton; political action under Devambez's electric light in Deïneka and Steinlen's work; night landscapes of cities from Hassam to Ury; expressive approaches of the city from Kirchner to Masereel; interiors under electric lighting by Vuillard and Hopper. Even painters that we do not spontaneously associate with electricity and electric light such as Gérôme, Monet, Manet, and Picasso have also made a contribution to the artistic representations of electric light. This highly disparate collection of painters of all nationalities reflects the varied appropriations of the appearance, presence and development of electric light in society
Dintzer, Thierry. "Influence d'entrefers à base de ferrites sur l'effet self-inductif dans un circuit magnétique : Application à basse fréquence." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13232.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to replace the Aluminum sheets in a ballast by a magnetic substance to increase the life time of fluorescent tubes. The principal problem that reduces the latter is the short circuit in the system comprising the starter, the tube and the ballast. This work was done within a collaboration between an academic partner, IPCMS, and an industrial one, Vossloh Schwabe France. Three families of Ferrite magnets having the (a) Garnet, (b) Spinel and (c) Hexagonal structure, have been synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction, Faraday, VSM and SQUID magnetometers at IPCMS and their performance evaluated at Vossloh. One of the required elements is a material that has a magnetic permeability increasing from 20 to 200ʿC. The three choices were based on the range of the Curie temperatures (150ʿC< TC < 300ʿC), saturation magnetization and coercivities (0-100 Oersted). For Gd3Fe5O12, with a compensation temperature of 20ʿC, gives the best performance in a limited voltage range. The inductance increases from 20 to 200ʿC for applied voltage less than 20V and decreases for higher voltages. The temperature dependence of the inductance is similar for different thickness of the air-gap or filling densities. However, the value at the maximum decreases with lowering filling-density or increasing thickness. On substituting Gd for Y and Fe for Al the measured inductance scales with the magnetization and not to the permeability. Both the Spinel and the hexagonal ferrites have low performances due to the high magnetization
Koprnicky, Jan. "Modèles de conductivité électrique pour lampes à décharge." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/171/.
Full textThis Ph. D. Thesis deals with light discharges modelling for description of electric circuits. It is not modelling of internal behaviour of a plasma, but its equivalent conductivity. The parameters of conductivity model are determined from measured voltage and current characteristics of discharge lamps. This model does not require any technological data from lamp producers. The Matlab/Matlab Simulink is used for data processing of u(t); i(t), application of identification algorithms and electric circuits simulation. The simulated results are compared with measurements. The model is tested in simulations of low and high pressure discharge lamps in circuits with magnetic ballasts
Costache, Mongrand Corina. "Etude d'un système lampe à décharge-alimentation -réacteur : application au traitement tertiaire de l'eau." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30209.
Full textAraoud, Zouhour. "Etude du régime dynamique d'un plasma de décharge électrique dans la vapeur de mercure." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/651/.
Full textThe present work deals with the modelling of the high-pressure-mercury lamp during the last phase of the warm-up period. Simulation is carried out in the frame of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium using a time-dependent two-dimensional computational fluid model. After validation from comparison with literature results, this model is used to analyse the dynamic behavior of a high pressure mercury discharge lamp, to describe the evolution of various results during this phase and to measure the effect of the convection. Two models have been compared. The first takes into account of the convection and the second neglects it. We proved that the convection slows down the warm-up phase while increasing mercury losses behind the electrodes and the time of evaporation of the quantity of mercury. In the electric discharge, the influences of several parameters such as the current and the geometry of the burner are studied. Their incidences on the thermalisation of the discharge were examined. It was found, in one hand, that the warm-up of a high pressure mercury lamp is accelerated by amplifying the current or the inter-electrodes length with constant current. On the other hand, an increase in the diameter slows down it
Lemieux, Hugo. "Étude et comparaison de stratégies d'alimentation électrique pour lampadaire à DEL." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22780.
Full textDubois, Catherine. "Confort et diversité des ambiances lumineuses en architecture : l'influence de l'éclairage naturel sur les occupants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23949/23949.pdf.
Full textZhang, Yuan. "A new flat dark discharge lamp for backlight applications based on electron-excited-phosphor luminescence." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2573/.
Full textElectrical light sources have been developed for about 200 years. There are three generation light sources : incandescent lamp, discharge lamp and solid state lamp. The flat dark discharge lamp (FDDL) lamp studied in this thesis is a new kind of discharge lamp in which no mercury is used. It borrows the ideas from the general low pressure discharge lamp and the cathode ray tube (CRT). Its lighting mechanism is brand new compared with the traditional discharge lamps which generally work in the glow or arc discharge regime. It employs the phosphor which is widely applied in the CRT. The gas pressure is lower than the general low pressure mercury lamp and higher than that in the CRT or FED (Field Emission Display). This pressure can maintain high lamp voltage to accelerate electrons to excite the phosphor while the ionization of gas atoms produces electrons in the space. As a new candidate for the green backlight application, an optimum working condition needs to be explored. The FDDL works in low pressure, narrow discharge gap and high reduced electrical field. In such a condition it has some common feature with the Townsend discharge, which could help us to make some simple calculation. The narrow discharge gap is even smaller than the thickness of the cathode-fall region. As no sufficient collisions happen before the electrons hit anode phosphor, in this study the mean free path of excitation and ionization are used to predict the relation between the gas species, gas pressure, discharge gap distance and applied voltage, which could give some quantitative guide for improving the FDDL lamp. Measurements on FDDL samples which is filled with neon help to know about some characteristics of the lamp, including brightness uniformity, phosphor response and thermal distribution on the surface. The phosphor emitting green light has no response to 650 nm and 532 nm photon excitation but could be excited by violet (405 nm) light. Moreover we have investigated the contribution of different buffer gases with different pressures to the overall emission output as we explored the fine and uncharted region between Townsend discharge (electron excitation of the phosphors) and glow discharge (electron impact excitation of the buffer gas) where both mechanisms can contribute to the overall output and controlled for dynamic lighting effects
Bouslimi, Lotfi. "Étude du comportement électrique et spectral des lampes à décharge à vapeur de mercure en régimes pulsés." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1667/.
Full textThe main purpose of the present work concerns the study of the influence of a pulsed current supply on the electric and spectral behaviour of discharge lamps, in particular, the high and medium pressure mercury vapor lamps used for lighting and photochemistry. Thus we suggest examining the effect of the impulses of current, in number, amplitude and duration, on the visible and ultraviolet radiation. To do this work, we studied and realized a feeding device for performing an experimental study on the electric and spectral behaviour of discharge lamps for several excitation modes, rectangular alternating current and rectangular current with impulses. Contained by its flexibility, the realized device also allows leading an experimental study on the behaviour of discharge lamps towards the hollows of current. Simulations on Matlab Simulink of the current supply coupled with a high-pressure mercury lamp, represented by its simplified model of conductance, were made. Several spectral and photometric measurements using the experimental laboratory device, with some modifications for adaptation were also made. In parallel with the experimental study, we managed to establish a polynomial model of the variation according to the time of a visible mercury line luminance L of the form dL/dt = f(i) - h(L). This model is implemented with the conductance model of the discharge lamp in software of electric circuits. The simulation results are validated experimentally for the various current excitation modes. Besides, there have been some interesting conclusions about the behaviour of emission lines and the electrical characteristics
Palladas, Annabella. "Etude expérimentale de décharges haute pression (Hg, NaI, TlI). Application à la mise en évidence de déviations par rapport à l'E. T. L." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30026.
Full textNankoo, Shivia, and Shivia Nankoo. "Évaluation des impacts de l'illumination du pont Jacques-Cartier sur l'avifaune et l'entomofaune." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37276.
Full textPlusieurs lumières ont été installées sur le pont Jacques-Cartier le 17 mai 2017 afin de célébrer le 375ième anniversaire de la ville de Montréal et le 150ième anniversaire du Canada. Les lumières varient en couleur et intensité et sont illuminées toutes les nuits, pour une durée d’au moins 10 ans. L’Université Laval a répondu à l’appel d’offre lancée par l’organisation du pont afin de déterminer l’effet de ces lumières sur les animaux qui vivent à proximité du ou au pont, c’est-à-dire : l’hirondelle à front blanc (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota), le faucon pèlerin (Falco peregrinus), l’engoulevent d’Amérique (Chordeiles minor), le martinet ramoneur (Chaetura pelagica) et l’entomofaune (les insectes). Les observations, effectuées en 2017 et 2018, consistaient à détecter la présence, l’abondance, les activités de nidification et le taux d’activité des espèces d’intérêt. Les résultats ont montré que l’engoulevent d’Amérique et le martinet ramoneur n’ont pas été détectés aux alentours du pont et que l’illumination semble ne pas avoir d’impact sur leur présence. Les observations sur le faucon pèlerin ont montré que l’espèce n’était présente au pont qu’en 2018. Bien que des activités de chasse ont eu lieu, aucune nidification n’a été observée. Les observations sur les hirondelles ont montré que l’illumination a eu peu d’impacts en 2017. En 2018, l’espèce est plus abondante à proximité du pont, surtout dans la zone illuminée, et est plus active le soir lorsque les lumières sont allumées. Bien qu’aucun impact n’ait été observé en 2017, les observations ont montré une abondance plus élevée à proximité de la zone illuminée du pont. Une chaine alimentaire semble connecter les insectes, les hirondelles et les faucons puisque qu’une augmentation de l’un entraine une augmentation de l’autre. Les implications de ces observations sont expliquées et des recommandations sont émises sur la continuation du suivi.
Several lights were installed on the Jacques-Cartier Bridge on May 17, 2017 to celebrate the 375th anniversary of the city of Montreal and the 150th anniversary of Canada. Lights vary in color and intensity and are illuminated every night, for a period of at least 10 years. Université Laval applied for the tender issued by the bridge’s organisation to determine the effect of the illumination on species that live near or on the bridge, specifically the cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota), the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), the common nighthawk (Chordeiles minor), the chimney swift (Chaetura pelagica) and the insect fauna. The observations, conducted in 2017 and 2018, consisted of detecting the presence, abundance, nesting behavior and activity rate of the species of interest. The results reported that the common nighthawk and the chimney swift were not detected near the bridge and therefore seem to be unaffected by the illumination. Observations of the peregrine falcon indicated that the species was only seen in 2018. Although the bridge was used as a hunting ground, no nesting occurred. The observations on the cliff swallow showed the bridge had no impact on the species in 2017. However, in 2018, the species was more abundant, especially in the illuminated zone, and was more active in the evening when the lights were on. Although observations of the insect fauna showed no impact from the bridge in 2017, abundance of insects in 2018 was higher near the illuminated part of the bridge. A food chain seems to connect the insects, the swallows and the falcons since it is possible that an increase in one causes an increase in the next. The implications of these observations are explained, and recommendations are made on further follow-up.
Several lights were installed on the Jacques-Cartier Bridge on May 17, 2017 to celebrate the 375th anniversary of the city of Montreal and the 150th anniversary of Canada. Lights vary in color and intensity and are illuminated every night, for a period of at least 10 years. Université Laval applied for the tender issued by the bridge’s organisation to determine the effect of the illumination on species that live near or on the bridge, specifically the cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota), the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), the common nighthawk (Chordeiles minor), the chimney swift (Chaetura pelagica) and the insect fauna. The observations, conducted in 2017 and 2018, consisted of detecting the presence, abundance, nesting behavior and activity rate of the species of interest. The results reported that the common nighthawk and the chimney swift were not detected near the bridge and therefore seem to be unaffected by the illumination. Observations of the peregrine falcon indicated that the species was only seen in 2018. Although the bridge was used as a hunting ground, no nesting occurred. The observations on the cliff swallow showed the bridge had no impact on the species in 2017. However, in 2018, the species was more abundant, especially in the illuminated zone, and was more active in the evening when the lights were on. Although observations of the insect fauna showed no impact from the bridge in 2017, abundance of insects in 2018 was higher near the illuminated part of the bridge. A food chain seems to connect the insects, the swallows and the falcons since it is possible that an increase in one causes an increase in the next. The implications of these observations are explained, and recommendations are made on further follow-up.
Toumi, Arezki. "Étude des résonances acoustiques dans une lampe à décharge haute pression à enveloppe céramique." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1566/.
Full textNowadays, the available commercial electronic ballasts used to supply HID lamps usually operate at low frequency (several hundred hertz) square waves and have the disadvantage to be bulky and complex to implement, so expensive. Thus, to reduce their cost, it is necessary to supply the lamp at high frequency, which enable, in addition, to reduce the size of the ballast (-40% to 60%), its weight (-10% to 30%) and its electrical power consumption (-10% to -15%). However, on lamps operating at high frequency, we can see the occurrence of instabilities inducing its malfunction and, in some cases, its destruction. This phenomenon known as acoustic resonances is due to the generation of acoustic waves which propagate towards the lamp walls where they are damped and reflected. When the incident and reflected waves interact, standing waves are generated and may interact with the electric discharge causing the lamp dysfunction. Despite the many studies on this subject, the physical understanding of this phenomenon remains incomplete. The way in which the acoustic waves interact with the electrical discharge is poorly understood and current numerical models, including the influence of acoustic resonances, enable only to locate the frequencies corresponding to eigenmodes of the lamp without providing explanation of the phenomenon. This thesis was devoted to the realization of a numerical model of a discharge lamp taking into account this interaction in order to improve the physical understanding of acoustical resonances and their impact on the arc instabilities of the lamp according electrical signal frequency. Using the results obtained with this model, we are able to explain the way in which the acoustic resonances are generated and how they interact with the lamp
Rouffet, Jean-Baptiste. "Modélisation des lampes à décharge aux halogénures métalliques avec enveloppe en céramique à l'aide d'un code fluide." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30134.
Full textCaillier, Bruno. "Diagnostics et modélisation d'une cellule d'écran à plasma." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30114.
Full textAlsheikh, Salo Sami. "Etude des décharges destinées à la production de rayonnement ultra-violet dans des mélanges mercure gaz rare à basse pression." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30129.
Full textThe aim of that thesis is to study the properties of a discharge established in mercury/argon and mercury/neon mixtures and controlled by different current wave forms. In such discharges, the emitting gas is the mercury at saturated vapor pressure. A rare gas (in the pressure range of 100 to 700Pa for the Neon and Argon) plays the imprisonment role. For this pressure range, most of the mercury radiation is concentrated in the resonance line at 254nm. This radiation can be directly used for germicide purposes or be converted to visible light through fluorescent powders. The other lines of the mercury spectrum lie in the UV region and some weak ones are in the visible range. The self Consistent Collisional Radiative model developed in this thesis is an improvement of the Argon stationary model previously developed in our laboratory. The temporal dependence of the discharge is now taken into account. Moreover, its new structure allows further extensions to other rare gases or mixtures. The model is validated for time dependant regimes by experimental comparisons performed
Hamady, Mohamad. "Calcul du transfert radiatif dans une lampe à décharge à forte intensité par une technique de lancer de rayons." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU30142.
Full textThis work presents a method for calculating radiative transfer in high intensity discharge lamps using a technique of ray tracing. The considered discharge is divided into elementary cells responsible for launching rays in all directions. We determine for each ray the crossed mesh and the distance travelled in each mesh. The radiative transfer equation (RTE) is then solved along each ray. We calculate thus the net emission coefficient, the spectral flux emitted by the discharge and also the photometric curves. These calculations consider that the discharge has a cylindrical symmetry and assume that the plasma is at local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Hence, the only knowledge of the temperature profile and pressure is sufficient to calculate the chemical composition of plasma and to account the mechanisms of broadening of spectral lines in the treatment of radiative transfer. This calculation method is applied into lamps containing pure mercury and mercury doped with metal halides (thallium iodide). We deduce from energy calculations the photometric characteristics: Luminous flux, luminous efficacy, photometric curves, color temperature and chromaticity coordinates. We show the influence of thallium lines in photometric characteristics of the lamp
Mrabet, Brahim. "Influence des modes d'alimentation pseudo continu, sinusoïdal et pulsé sur le rayonnement d'une lampe mercure-argon basse pression." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30009.
Full textThe main purpose of the present work concerns the study of the influence of the current waveform on the « emitted radiation » by a low pressure mercury discharge lamp. Three types of power supplies are then used, a sinusoidal current at various frequencies, a current invertor delivering rectangular signals at variable duty cycle and frequency and a pulsed power supply allowing a variation of the width and amplitude of the impulse. The implemented experimental set-up performs photometric and radiometric measurements. It is composed mainly of a photometric cylinder, a spectrograph, a CCD camera, a detectors and a power supply. Such a supply offers the possibility of modifying the discharge’s operating conditions for the study the influence of the supply parameters on the radiation of lamp
Chammam, Abdeljelil. "Étude de décharges haute pression mercure et mercure hallogénure alimentés par des courants rectangulaires et pulsés." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30002.
Full textThe present work deals with feeding, the design and experimental study of mercury discharge lamps of high pressure 400 W, one of which was doped in thallium iodine. A pulsed power supply was measured using the results of simulation obtained by coupling a model of mercury discharge lamp of high pressure with a circuit software. The conception of the model as well as the practical achievement of the pulsed power supply have been done in the laboratory. After having electrically validated the acting of the coupling of feeding with the lamp, we measured energetic spectrical flow and the luminous flow as well as total lightings of lines resolved in time. The latter results led to the determination of temperature for the pseudo continued and pulsed modes. Comparing these measurements with those obtained through a "fluid" calculating code enabled us to evaluate, characterise and analyse the dynamic behaviour of the studied discharges and also indicate the limits of the models. We have particularly noticed that the more intense the impulsions are, the shorter the establishment time is and the longer the relaxation time becomes. This phenomenon is almost the same for a lamp doped in thallium iodine, though times, especially relaxation times, are of considerable increase. Infact, we can relate this effect to the presence of metastable levels of thallium and the snaring of its resonance rays. The influence of impulsions on the radiation is important for the ultra-violet part of the spectrum. In the impulsion regime, efficiency increases and can reach 30%. These results can open new perspectives to the production of ultra-violet radiation in industrial applications
Lafitte, Bruno. "Elaboration d'outils innovants de diagnostic applicables aux lampes à haute pression à enveloppe céramique." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30049.
Full textA listing of classical optical diagnostic methods puts in evidence that they cannot be employed in the case of the current metal halides lamps. This is due to the fact that ceramic envelops are diffusing visible light. However, X-rays diffusion due to the ceramic envelop is low, thus we could determine the mercury density using X-rays absorption spectroscopy. Those results, together with a measure of the core temperature by emission spectroscopy measurement, gave us the temperature profile of a ceramic metal halides lamp. At the end, to characterise the radiative properties of such a lamp, we measured the total flux emitted function of the electric power injected
Bourgeois, Denis J. "Detailed occupancy prediction, occupancy-sensing control and advanced behavioural modelling within whole-building energy simulation." Doctoral thesis, Québec : Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22706/22706.pdf.
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