Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Écoliers – Gabon – Libreville (Gabon)'
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Ntsame, Diramba Imeilda. "Analyse de productions écrites et orales recueillies dans des classes de CM2 de Libreville et de Metz : étude linguistique et didactique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0273.
Full textThe thesis is based on a collection of 48 narrative productions, oral and written, collected from pupils enrolled in the CM2 class at two schools in Metz and Libreville. The instruction - identical in both situations - consisted in asking the students to tell a story that had happened to them and that had struck them. From this empirical collection, we sought to evaluate the narrative competence of the pupils as "qualitatively" as several comparisons helped us to do (the two productions of the same pupil, the written productions of the French class, etc.) After a first part which proceeds to different frames - theoretical andMethodologies - the analyzes of the collected productions are considered from the point of view of the internal temporality of the processes (the progress, the simultaneity and the regression of the reported facts) as suggested by the analyzes of Bres (2001). As for the evaluation of the cohesion of the discourse produced, we based our studies on coherence and cohesion (Adam, 2011, Charolles 1988) to consider production from a global point of view - Of narrativity - on what they seem to indicate as meaningful intention. We then considered the intermediate level of the textplanes and their cohesion, that is to say, the chaining of utterances and the phenomena of bonding (or rupture) which, not strictly syntactic, underlie this cohesion. Throughout this work, we have avoided an overly normative and micro-structural conception of the errors encountered. After a second part devoted to the analyzes of the collected productions, the last part attempts to reconfigure the linguistic activities within the framework of the didactics of French and to set out the areas of competence in which the narrative practice is practiced Of students aged about ten years, as are those we have submitted to our investigation
Ntsame, Diramba Imeilda. "Analyse de productions écrites et orales recueillies dans des classes de CM2 de Libreville et de Metz : étude linguistique et didactique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0273/document.
Full textThe thesis is based on a collection of 48 narrative productions, oral and written, collected from pupils enrolled in the CM2 class at two schools in Metz and Libreville. The instruction - identical in both situations - consisted in asking the students to tell a story that had happened to them and that had struck them. From this empirical collection, we sought to evaluate the narrative competence of the pupils as "qualitatively" as several comparisons helped us to do (the two productions of the same pupil, the written productions of the French class, etc.) After a first part which proceeds to different frames - theoretical andMethodologies - the analyzes of the collected productions are considered from the point of view of the internal temporality of the processes (the progress, the simultaneity and the regression of the reported facts) as suggested by the analyzes of Bres (2001). As for the evaluation of the cohesion of the discourse produced, we based our studies on coherence and cohesion (Adam, 2011, Charolles 1988) to consider production from a global point of view - Of narrativity - on what they seem to indicate as meaningful intention. We then considered the intermediate level of the textplanes and their cohesion, that is to say, the chaining of utterances and the phenomena of bonding (or rupture) which, not strictly syntactic, underlie this cohesion. Throughout this work, we have avoided an overly normative and micro-structural conception of the errors encountered. After a second part devoted to the analyzes of the collected productions, the last part attempts to reconfigure the linguistic activities within the framework of the didactics of French and to set out the areas of competence in which the narrative practice is practiced Of students aged about ten years, as are those we have submitted to our investigation
Mouvagha-Sow, Myriam. "Processus matrimoniaux et procréation à Libreville (Gabon)." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100128.
Full textGabon has a particular demographic context. Its fertility never reached very high levels because of a widespread pathological infertility, which appears to have decreased in a significant way these last years. According to the first Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), conducted in 2000, the country seems to have started its fertility transition, in spite of a pro-birth policy enforced until recently. Moreover, as in many African countries there is a marriage transition, marked by a significant delay of the marriage age and the development of informal unions. These evolutions -are caused by "modernisation" (increasing of educational levels, urbanisation, etc. ), but also by the economic crisis. In addition, changing fertility and marriage behaviours are tightly related to a redefinition of the relationships between men and women. The censuses and the DHS are not fully appropriate to the study of these transformations, because they give only a cross vision of them, whereas in Africa the constitution of the unions is a process which can be long and complex. Moreover, they do not take into account sexuality, visiting unions and male behaviours. Our research is thus based on interviews and a quantitative survey. The survey I conducted in Libreville in 1999, on a sample of 484 women and 424 men, deals with sexual, matrimonial and reproductive behaviours. It gives the detailed matrimonial history of the individuals, with the various stages of the marriage process, and their fertility biography. Thus, this thesis explores, partly with event history analysis, the matrimonial and fertility changes between different generations, the relationships between matrimonial life and fertility life and compares female and male life-cycles
Ada, Nzoughe Corine. "La gestion des déchets solides dans la commune de Libreville (Gabon) : contribution géographique à l'étude des politiques et des pratiques urbaines." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30040.
Full textLibreville the capital of Gabon makes face since the end of 1980s with important problems of insalubrity in touch with the solid waste. Developed geographical approach offers an analysis of correlations between the actors, their logic and means of action in an agglomeration marked by socio-space inequality to reveal the major dysfunctions which affect the quality of the urban service of the solid waste. The recent policies of decentralization and concession still do not contribute to resolve efficiently the problems of inequality of access to the local service of the solid waste because they are the object of institutional conflicts enters les for you and the State. The technical choices of elimination of garbage implemented by SOVOG, society private concessionary, do not take into account the diversity of the situations of development and equipment of the quarters of Libreville. That's why in the popular péricentraux and peripheral quarters, the populations which live in the enclosed shoals are excluded from the collecting of garbage. It is in this context that develop the informal practices of rejection of waste certain borrowed in the middle country. On the contrary in the rich quarters, the rates of collection are well brought up. The popular initiative which develops in quarters registers in a context of gouvernance and democratization still fragile and uncertain. Of this fact the public institutions remain the central actors of the management of waste
Mboumba, Anicet. "La gestion des déchets solides à Libreville (Gabon) : espace urbain, dynamiques institutionnelles et pratiques citadines." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100013.
Full textSolid wastes management has an impact on environment. It requires the awareness of the whole society, at every level. The insalubrity is an old phenomenon in Libreville, which leads to multiple mobilisations. It sets in motion all the social actors; so that is it deserve a study as a revelatory of social dynamics. The piling of waste damages the living conditions of the citizens. Public services, traditionally in charge of removing waste, are forced to reforms - delegation, decentralization. At the same lime, various individual and collective actors - environmentalist movements, citizens' organizations, and cottage industries- are trying to organize themselves. The inquiries on those processes have shown that the multiplicity of the actors and practices in the city, the territorialization of management strategies, and the deficit of regulation create disparities and tensions, revealing cleavages in Libreville's society. Votecatching, the solution chosen by authorities to contain social tensions, facilitates the inequalities in urban services by reducing the efficiency of the solutions imagined by inhabitants
Gnama, Hermine. "Le phénomène de guérison dans les églises pentecôtistes et en médecine traditionnelle au Gabon : cas de la stérilité à Libreville." Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1230.
Full textLonga-Makinda, Nanette. "Structures spatiales et activités informelles dans cinq quartiers de Libreville." Bordeaux 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR30011.
Full textThanks to its abundant natural resources and its relatively high standard of living, gabon has experienced considerable migratory flows from ather african countries. These have mainly concentrated in the urban centers, and more particularly in libreville, the state's capital city. To this oil-boom-encouraged wave of immigration, it has to be added a phenomenon of rural depopulation that is not without urbanization consequences. The resulting situation involves some alterations in the city structure and the population's way of life along with the creation of new (informal) activities in order for this latter to adjust the urban environment. Obviously, the population explosion originating from that townsmen grouping, in the one hand, poses health, transport and accomodation problems with corollary is the manifest expansion of underintegrated areas (and districts) as well as environmental damages, and, in the other hand, it increases the country's employment difficulties as the very time when this latter undergoes structural adjustment measures limiting the state's capability of resorbing unemployment
Nziengui, Yvon PL. "Les bas-fonds de Libreville (Gabon) : un enjeu de développement urbain et d'aménagement." Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR30075.
Full textThe site of Libreville is characterized by a hilly landscape, makes of hills, but especially boxed small valleys and wide swampy valleys: the slums. At first, the city evolved on hills and zones exshowers, avoiding systematically the stiff slopes, the boxed small valleys and the swampy zones. With the increase in population of the 1970s and in the absence of any planning, the urbanization continued in the slums creating sub-integrated districts where concentrate the main urban troubles. In the physical depressions thus settled down the social depressions, making of Libreville a city mined by the urban problems of any orders. The floods, the landslides and the collapses coexist with the insalubrity and the problems of health, the poverty and the precarious living conditions. The slums, still called matitis or mapanes, represent more than 80 % of the built surface today and are the expression of a not mastered urban growth. For a long time indicated as spaces of socio-spatial segregation, matitis is henceforth places of social coeducation where meet themselves populations of various social classes. To envisage the development of the Gabonese capital supposes the drastic arrangement and the viabilisation of mapanes. It also supposes that the local authorities take in hand and supervise the urban growth. For that purpose, the application of the principles of good governance turns out authoritarian in a city which lived at the rate of the more or less scandalous diversions of the public deniers. The eradication of matitis is a challenge for authorities and a chance for thousands of populations which live there
Bouyou, Jean-Marie V. "La production de l'espace urbain au Gabon : une étude sur Libreville." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H032.
Full textNguema, Ondo Saint-Cyr. "La problématique des équipements éducatifs dans les nouveaux quartiers de Libreville au Gabon." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE29045.
Full textEyindanga, Edouard. "Les usages des langues locales dans les quartiers-est de Libreville : enquêtes sociolinguistiques." Grenoble 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE39054.
Full textSince a score of years, important upheavals characterize the sociolinguistic landscape of Libreville. These upheavals result in the fast increase of the local migrations, the integration of former rural zones in the urban perimeter, the schooling of the young people by the means of a language not of origin, but of great prestige, the reception of a great number of foreign populations having brought with them their languages. These phenomena of reorganization of space and contact of the languages and cultures became such extensive in the Gabonese capital in the period of colonial post modernity, that they gave the city the image of a strong, heterogeneous and multilingual company. The situations of contact of the languages and cultures are not without consequences. They imply changes relating to the linguistic behaviors of the groups and individuals. These changes are known and several researchers identified and studied them, in particular those concerning the dynamic socio-linguistic ones of the raised or undervalued languages. Main goal of this thesis consists in questioning on the uses of the local languages by young people of Libreville district (15-35 years). More specifically, it is a question of analyzing the impact of the social practices in use in the public places of sociability, through the word in order to highlight the extent of the practice of the local languages in the aforementioned districts. Generally, the results of the analyses are summarized as follows: - Firstly, three important languages are spoken in Libreville district among the linguistic exchanges. They are the fang, the punu and the nzebi. - Secondly, the declared knowledge of a language necessarily does not mean that its speakers include/understand it and/or speak it very well. - Thirdly, quarters of the east of Libreville are areas quality of life and linguistic territories favorable to the practice of the local languages of East Libreville, and the expression of the plurilingualism in local language
Owanga-Biye, Gervais. "Les marchés urbains au Gabon : le cas de Libreville." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30023.
Full textEngo, Assoumou Hugues-Cyrille. "Voirie et structuration urbaine dans la croissance de la ville de Libreville (Gabon)." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE29001.
Full textN'Gawandji, Brigitte Nicole. "Urbanisation et dégradation de l'environnement physique dans les quartiers-est de Libreville : pk 6-pk 11." Bordeaux 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR30030.
Full textAllogho-Nkoghe, Fidèle. "Politique de la ville et logiques d'acteurs. A la recherche d'alternatives d'aménagement pour les quartiers informels de Libreville (Gabon)." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30038.
Full textThis work proceeds of a report between the abstract districts and logics of actors of installation. By criticizing the town planning and installation imposed by the World Bank, the organizations of development as the French agency of development and the Canadian agency of international development, and on the local plan, the political actors (ministers, deputies, senators) true developers, we want to try out participative step who implies all the actors and takes account of the representations, the practices and the local habits. The conflicts of images which rise from these logics, lead to not-town planning. This is why the emergence of associations of district, the law on decentralization and of the actors such as the PAPSUT-PROTOTIPPEE, on the urban scene reveals the will to reduce these authoritative practices to the profit of a participative urban development
Mvone, Mbie Paul. "Croissance urbaine et développement dans une capitale africaine en pleine mutation : Libreville." Rennes 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN20030.
Full textThe advent of specialization in Gabon due to the internationalization of the capital remains - far beyond the vicissitudes of history - the foundation of the sociological upheavals registered in this field. Nevertheless, the effects are so far slow to arouse the national integration, key-factor for the social progress for the emancipation of the national population. In fact, as a positively demographical phenomena, but a fundamentally sociological nature, the urban growth of Libreville remains at the same time the condensed and localized expression of the national development. Compendium of the fringes of society, the crises of decentralization and town and country planning that the urban growth socially but indirectly displays - considered from the point of view of the dynamic of specialization by the international division of work - are so many patents traces of these fringes. The only suitable therapy consists in the institution of a rational planification. However, the preliminary and compulsory condition is the advent of a really independent state, which is the judicial and thus legitimate emanation of the civil society
Moussavou, Ida Rachel. "Croissance urbaine - systèmes fonciers et gestion des espaces urbains : l'exemple de Libreville (Gabon)." Bordeaux 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR30015.
Full textTHE RAPID URBAN GROWTH IN THE LAST THIRTY YEARS HAS BEEN THE MOST OUTSTANDING FUTURE OF LIBREVILLE'S TRANSFORMATION. IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY A MARKED POPULATION CONCENTRATION AND A SPECTACULAR SPATIAL EXPANSION MAINLY DUE TO MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS. HOWEVER, THE CONTINOUS, MASSIVE AND DISORDERLY POPULATION INFLOW INTO THE URBAN AREAS HAS CAUSED THE PROLIFERATION OF UNDER-INTEGRATED DISTRICTS, DENSELY BUILT AND INSALUBRIOUS. MOST MIGRANTS FIND THEMSELVES WANTING IN SERVICED PARCELS AND ARE THESE OBLIGED TO COLONIZE NON AEDIFICANDI, UNSERVICEABLE AREAS. AS A RESULT, THERE OCCURS A PHENOMENON OF DISPROPORTIONATE AND ANARCHICAL SPATIAL GROWTH, THAT IS ENCOURAGED BY LAND SPECTACULORS. MODEM PROPERTY LAW CONFLICTS WITH POPULAR PRATICES. HENCE CONFLICTUAL SITUATIONS BETWEEN THE AUTHORITIES AND THE CITY PLANNING REVEALS URBANISTIC DEFICIENCIES : THE LACK OF AND EFFICIENT SYSTEM OF SOIL EXPLOITATION AND ATTRIBUTION THAT COULD MEET THE NEEDS IN SUITABLE LOTS. THE EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURES HAS BEEN CONCENTRATED MAINLY IN SMART AREAS. THE LEVEL OF UTILITIES AND SERVICES HAS SETTLED AT HIGH STANDARDS with EXCLUDE THE MANY. CONSEQUENTLY, THERE EXISTS SERIOUS CITY PLANNING PROBLEMS AT A TIME WHEN PUBLIC RESSOURCES ARE DEPLETING. HOW MAKE MOST PEOPLES'S ACCESS TO PARCELS EASIER ALONG WITH BEING RESPECTFUL OF THE HARMONIOUS CITY AREA DEVELOPMENT ? THE AUTHOR PROPOSES TO STRENGTHEN THE URBANISM INSTITUTIONS AND INSTRUMENTS, THE CITY PROPERTY PLANNING AND REGULATION
Mussavu, Mussavu Judith. "Les enfants en situation de rue à Libreville au Gabon." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUEL037.
Full textWhy children in age be provided education for find themselves to survey the streets of the Gabonese capital ? This thesis analyzes the situation of street of the children with Libreville. It questions the objective and subjective motivations, which involve a child to be left the family, school framework and to attend the street or to remain there. This work initially emphasizes the diversity of situations of the children who attend space street. From where the typology essay put forward. These typologies are related to several parameters of which personal history of the child, of the reports/ratios that it maintains with the street and the other social actors involved, of the competences acquired in the street and its future prospects. To give an account of this phenomenon, an analysis of the causes economic, family, social, cultural and political is made
Ekang, Mve Arielle. "Les couples gabonais et l’assistance médicale à la procréation à Libreville : sorcellerie et filiation." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0637.
Full textThis academic dissertation is a reflection on the mode of management of infertile couples in Gabon. It gives a peculiar eyesight on the introduction and reception of medically assisted procreation ((MAP) in the Gabonese collective imagination. This research analyses in-depth, behavior, beliefs as to domestic infertility and the new reproductive techniques. Besides, this study reports changes/evolutions of family solidarity towards infertile couples. Many field data give rise to the opinion that medically assisted procreation would be the ultimate mean for fighting infertility regardless of its pretended witchcraft origins. Infertile couples hence find in such method the opportunity to take the spell off themselves, and also to free themselves from the "children threatening ogre" label. Individualization of Gabonese society implies that fostering is less approved: couples hence seek through medically assisted procreation a biological child rather than social
Moussavou, Elsa-Olivia. "A business framework for enterprise development and venture creation in Libreville, Gabon." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2611.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to develop a business framework for enterprise development and venture creation in Libreville, Gabon. The question that guides this research is: How are hotels and restaurants created and developed in Libreville, Gabon? The level of poverty and the unemployment rate have pushed many people to become creative in finding a way to generate income. The resultant entrepreneurial activity is a key element in the potential economic growth of the country. The Gabonese Government took the initiative to promote SMEs by providing the necessary economic environment. However, from a financial perspective it appears that the majority of entrepreneurs are using their own capital to finance their business during the start-up and developing phases. The limited access to finance remains a major issue for entrepreneurs in both developed and developing countries. It is an ongoing challenge for them to acquire financial support from the available financial institutions. In order to make this study effective, a quantitative approach was followed. A selfadministered survey questionnaire was distributed to seventy owners and managers of hotels and restaurants. The findings show that the key elements which lead to the failure of SMMEs are; the limited access to finance to start up a new business, the lack of funds to maintain operating expenses during the start-up stage, the low return on investment and the mismanagement and poor understanding of the financial cycle of a start-up. Therefore this study proposes a business framework for venture creation and development so that entrepreneurs in Libreville will become educated in the correct procedures to successfully manage and grow their businesses, which will have a positive effect on the economy as more businesses become self-sustainable. SMMEs are regarded as an important means of addressing unemployment and poverty and boosting the economy of the country.
Dieudonné, Madebe. "Libreville : la ville et les problèmes de transports et de circulation urbaine." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX23000.
Full textThe anarchical growth of libreville has given a city with different urban areas where the difference in the distribution of activities and dwellers has led to more than five hundred thousends dayly movements. Therefore these induce transport requierements; but less than fifteen per cent of households have a car. The public transport is limited: an anadequate fleet of buses, an insufficient area coverage. Buses and taxis provide about three-quaters of motirized travels. A damaged road network combined with a shortage of parking areas create the congestion and therefore reduce the efficiency of the present urban transport. The current urban growth trends will increase transport problems in the future, as transport investment plans are not ambitions enough. The improvment of the urban transport requires a similtaneous management of the city's development and the transport policy. An urban structure reducing the desire of going far has to be set up : for example, a decentralized structure. It would favour short moving, limit an excessive use of cars, and set up a hierarchical network allowing direct acces to all parts of the town. Then, the promotion of public transport would meet the largest requirements. The public transport management has to be improved and its fleet of bases be increased, several forms of taxis have to be created and their ruming organized. The operating of the two forms of urban transport has to be harmonized. The setting up of a traffic management is also necessary to control and manage the traffic. At last, the reorganisation of transport administration is need to coordinate the transport policy
Etoughé-Efé, Jean-Emery. "Le chômage au Gabon : sociologie des chômeurs dans les quartiers populaires de Libreville." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT3013.
Full textIn 1993, the census estimated the number of unemployement people at 67,000 in a labour force of about 470,000. The official unemployement refers to the statistics numbers developed by the employment national office (eno) in accordance with the standards of the international labour office (ilo). The unemployment represents all those who - at any time- enterred the labour market and then left it or been laid off for various reasons. So, is it appropriate to talk about unemployment in a society in which labour relations are not very developed, both because of the lack of the state policies and the consequent size of an informal economic sector? while referring the study of unemployment to libreville, the author reveals that every unemployed workers are not necessarly devoid of profitable activities. The jobless activities fit into the odd jobs framework. These activities which are the competence of the informal labour in urban area represent odd jods such as pieceworking, fritters sale, door to-door selling, photographs and so on. The odd jobs, according to wages it procures avoid the libreville inhabitants to suffer from the fringe in an area in which the social element remains the monetary income
Ella, Essone Jean-Michel. "Les Déssertes de Libreville." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597411h.
Full textMintsa, M'Obiang Diophante. "Evaluation des universités gabonaises depuis leur création : le cas de l'université Omar Bongo à Libreville." Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO2004.
Full textSince its opening, the Omar Bongo University works at the pace of without precedent crisis : unceasing teachers and students' strikes, campus closed and locked up by the police and by soldiers and mainly, the rate of underperforming at school which is increasing in year. The extent of these crises raises the question of the necessity to understand and to interpret the causes of these malfunctions for the university players and the political decision-makers. In order to find some solutions which are adapted to the Gabonese realities, it is essential nowadays to adopt an approach integrating the notions of evaluation, competence and efficiency. So, our study places itself in such issues and wonders about the factors which influence the success of the failure of the students of the Omar Bongo University, through the theories of the effective school. The result of our study shows us a succession of failings of the first Gabonese university institution : the insufficient learning and reception conditions, educational practices which are close to favoritism, crisis of the educational authority, the political appointment of the persons in charge of the university, the management of human resources is not controlled, etc. This gap between the current statutory texts and these practices is characterized by the influence of the inter and extra-academics effects which have disastrous consequences on the main actors of the campus of the Omar Bongo University. Being bases on these facts, this study offers some trails of solutions which are able to improve the yield and the efficiency of the students and the researchers of the Omar Bongo University
Provost, Julie-Pascale. "Identité et genre au Gabon : les Femmes de Libreville." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23959/23959.pdf.
Full textEngouma, Georgette. "La pêche dans la région de l'estuaire (Libreville-Gabon)." Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30043.
Full textIn the context of a certain evolution and some transformations actually occuring in the estuary region, libreville as the capital city of gabon has made fishing a flourishing activity. In the present study we aim at analysing the conditions, the tools and technics involved in fishing, the fishermen as a social group, and the marketing of fishing products in the region and in the whole country as well. Being essentially traditional up to recent years, fishing is actually having a tendancy to modernize itself, managed as it is by associations of some rich natives (mostly members of the ruling power) with some foreign partners. We specially intended to focus on the kind of organization and mechanisms involved, in close keeping with the environment, the local traditions and the mixed population of the country. So the main interest of this study lies in the physical environment, that is, the sea and its management, and in the evolution or the future of the coast as its activities in an underdeveloped country are concerned
Beka, Beka Annie. "Croissance et aménagement urbain à Libreville (Gabon) : l’impasse foncière." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100051.
Full textThe most striking of these last forty years is the major transformation of Libreville, because of a very rapid urban growth. It is characterized by a high concentration of population and a dramatic expansion space mainly because to migratory movements. However, the constant arrival massive and uncontrolled populations in the city led to the proliferation of sub-integrated neighbourhoods, densely built and unhealthy. Indeed, when new immigrants arrive, their main concern is to find a roof. They have not at their disposal plots; colonize the empty spaces, inconstructibles, mostly beside the parent or the friend, first arrived in Libreville. This illegal occupation of spaces leads inevitably impact on the distribution plan landscape, and hence of urban development and especially the precarious land it caused. The public no longer able to offer land because of economic crisis, legitimate illegality by regulating land that originally were acquired unlawfully. Libreville has grown without any pattern of urban development. The existing land regulations do not guarantee access to the land for the greatest number. The procedures are lengthy and complex, which is likely to discourage those who want to venture. How to facilitate access to property to the greatest number, while respecting the harmonious development of the city? We have proposed revision procedures, adapting to the mores and customs of the people
Kombila, Jean-Claude. "L'espagnol des immigrés équatoguinéens de Libreville (Gabon) : approche sociolinguistique." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0884.
Full textThis sociolinguistic study is based on field survey carried in the district of Nkembo, in Libreville outskirts (Gabon), with Equatoguineans immigrants Those Spanish speaking immigrants consisted of potential migrant employees form a stigmatized community as foreigners, in a field leaded by French speaking people; the French being official language in the Gabon. Obviously, their presence in the Gabonese capital obeys nevertheless ethno linguistics criteria, because the three-quarters of the inhabitants of Equatorial Guinea are Fang (of fang tongue), quite as the third party of the inhabitants of the Gabon. But the ethno linguistic solidarities are complex and play as well in both directions positive and negative. The first party of the thesis envisages contextual data: the reasons which motivate the migratory movement of Equatoguineans towards Gabon (successive dictatorships and economic crisis in Equatorial Guinea as conclusion of the decolonization combined with economic prosperity of the Gabon); the linguistic systems put in contact (Spanish, fang, French) within the community immigrated in Nkembo. The second party, by adopting the sociolinguistic perspective, sees in the stake in contact a source of conflict of which shows the stigma " Équato " attributed to the immigrants, which moderates certain number of places and circumstances of conviviality. In these languages become attached within the community of the clearly differentiated representations. The third party considers Spanish speaking Equatoguinean living in Libreville as a Gabonese dialectal variety among many others. It is proceeded to a precise linguistic study of this Spanish-strongly-influenced at the same time by the fang mother tongue of the speakers and that of their environment of Libreville, French. The thesis shows that Spanish disintegrated by the équato-Guinean community is other one than the linguistic translation of a loss of identical marks on behalf of these populations eradicated by strength and in the evil of integration, unlike the other foreigners established in the Gabon
Mboumba, Boussougou Léa. "L’approvisionnement alimentaire de la ville de Libreville au Gabon." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUEL045.
Full textFood supply in Gabon, particularly in Libreville the capital, totally depends on foreign supply networks. In facts, 80% of food needs in this West African equatorial country are essentially covered by imported products. Consequently, local products cover less than twenty percent of food needs. The predominance of foreign supply chains led the government to create policies that encourage the expansion of a local agriculture in order to counterbalance the current distribution. But most of those policies failed to reduce the dependence on imported products. Considering the importance of promoting a local agriculture as the solution the reach a sustainable supply chain, the present work aims to provide an inventory of food supply chains in Libreville. The study focuses on nine products distributed in three groups: food crops, market gardening and fruit crops. It appears that Libreville is strongly dependent to some products coming from Cameroon (plantain, taro, onion, atanga, and avocado) and well as the Nederland (onion) and some Asian countries for rice. The study also identifies the main barriers to the growth of a local agriculture, from the upstream to the downstream of the supply chain. The obstacles concern the farmers, the carriers and the market’s internal organization. This work also provides some solutions to revitalize local networks in order to actively respond to the food demand of the populations in Libreville. After a brief review of past and current government policies, the study look to private initiatives, one of the solutions envisaged for the development of agriculture in Gabon
Engouma, Georgette. "La Pêche dans la région de l'estuaire Libreville, Gabon /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604888s.
Full textElla, Essone Jean Michel. "Les dessertes de Libreville." Montpellier 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON30004.
Full textLibreville is the capital and the chief city of the country. Domestic and international travellers are organized around it. That is why it is equiped with an aeroport air gabon, the national air way company serves in regular in competition with international companies and a dynamic light aviation too. Aviation has welly developped in the country where a great number of aerodromes can be noticed. This evolution has been favoured by numerous physical difficulties of the territory. The rail which is the recent system to appear in gabon brings hope because of its being a permanent artery providing comfort and security. The roadway ensures the main national interurbain displacements, unfortunately its bed suffers a weakness. The fluvial network of the region of libreville is mediocre, which is an obstacle to waterways organization. Libreville has on the other hand made useful its coastal to be the "lung" of the country with owendo harbour where great number of external goodsexchanges are in transit. The "breakwater harbour" which is libreville's old harbour is useful for marginal traffics such as travellers towards port-gentil
Quentin, de Mongaryas Romaric-Franck. "Les jugements scolaires dans l'enseignement secondaire général au Gabon : analyse des expérience scolaire et professorale à Libreville." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0015.
Full textMoughola, Leyoubou Lydie, and Leyoubou Lydie Moughola. "L'étalement urbain de la ville de Libreville, enjeux socio-économiques entre 1993 et 2013 : l'exemple de la périphérie Est." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38221.
Full textL’étalement urbain se traduit par une urbanisation accélérée, massive et non contrôlée apportant les bouleversements socio-économiques de la ville. Ces bouleversements sont visibles presque sans exception dans toutes les villes de l’Afrique subsaharienne notamment dans la ville de Libreville au Gabon. Après son indépendance en 1960, cette ville a connu une dynamique démographique exponentielle de sa population dès 1970. Celle-ci s’est accompagnée inévitablement d’un étalement urbain vers sa périphérie Est. Ce mémoire consiste donc à analyser le processus de cet étalement et ses enjeux socio-économiques à travers les données du Recensement général de la population et de l’habitat (RGPH) de 1993 et du Recensement général de la population et des logements (RGPL) de 2013, des orthophotographies de 2001, 2008, 2013, et d’une enquête complémentaire du secteur informel ainsi que d’une enquête de terrain. Les résultats décrivent la dynamique démographique de la ville de Libreville, l’état de l’espace urbain de sa périphérie Est, ainsi que la dynamique des activités économiques pratiquées dans cette périphérie. De l’analyse du recensement général de la population et de l’habitat de 1993 et de celui de la population et des logements de 2013, il en ressort que l’effectif de la population s’est accru au cours de cette période intercensitaire. La croissance de la population accroit la productivité économique, mais reste cependant un facteur de l’anarchie observée dans l’organisation de l’espace urbain de la ville de Libreville d’une part et, favorise son prolongement vers sa périphérie Est avec la prolifération des activités économiques dans le secteur informel d’autre part.
Pambault, Enombo Jenny Georgette. "A needs analysis for entrepreneurship education in selected high schools in Libreville, Gabon." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2347.
Full textThis study aimed to identify the need for entrepreneurship education in developing countries, more specifically in Libreville, Gabon. This research followed a mixed method. Quantitative data were collected by means of closed-ended questionnaires. Qualitative data were collected using individual face-to-face interviews. A sample of 150 pupils/students, six teachers and three principals from three selected institutions in Libreville was selected. Furthermore, a member of the Ministry of Education of Gabon was interviewed. The findings indicate that though there is an understanding of entrepreneurship education in Libreville, teaching of the actual subject entrepreneurship is required. The majority of participants agreed that entrepreneurship education should be included in the school curriculum, and that there was need for teachers training. The lack of entrepreneurship education in schools in Libreville, Gabon, is mainly because an entrepreneurial mindset does not seem to exist. This research is important in the sense that it creates an awareness of entrepreneurship education and business creation in Libreville, which should serve as a major boost to the economy of Gabon.
Maganga, Christian. "Immigration et diglossie : le parler des equato-guinéens de Libreville." Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1222.
Full textThe migration issue is with no doubt of a major concern for migrants, as well as for the immigration countries. The impact is of social and linguistic aspect. Our project is based on the above mentioned phenomenon: the phenomenon of immigration, with focus on the Equatorial Guinea people migration in Gabon (Libreville). The aim is to try to understand its origins in one hand. In the other hand we will show its consequences on the discursive competence of the Equatorial Guinea speakers living in Gabon (Libreville). In the first part, we tried to dissect the historical paths of Gabon and Equatorial Guinea to better grasp in one hand why Gabon is a greatly desirable country by the so many foreigner communities living in its soil, and in the other hand what makes Equatorial Guinea people to settle in Gabon, especially in its capital Libreville. The second part tackles the problem of the contact of the two languages: French and Spanish; with French as a dominating language in Gabon. “Legitimate language “; says Pierre BOURDIEU. From this contact, how does the Equatorial Guinea speaker react? Is he agree to live in such a loyalty (to be attached to his language and linguistic group. )? Will he be able to create a bilingual identity? The third and the last part points out the facts and consequences of the contact in Libreville of the two languages: French and Spanish. French is the first language in Gabon. Its syntactic structures have an influence on the spanish speaking competence of the Equatorial Guinea speakers. So this situation leads to the following language phenomena: interferences, alteration of codes, borrowings, copy etc
Bouanga, Marc Florent Anicet. "Le commerce féminin et ses incidences sur le statut de la femme des couches moyennes à Libreville (Gabon)." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0002.
Full textEbang, Ondo Emmanuel. "Perception de l'hôpital public et offre de soins de santé au Gabon : analyse des enjeux des interactions entre personnels et usagers du centre hospitalier de Libreville (CHL)." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0461.
Full textIn the study of the dysfunctions of the national systems of health in sub-Saharan africa, the difficult current relations between patients (users and hospital staff(personnel)) must be understood by their integration with a historical heritage relating to colonial medicine. The problem of the perception of the public hospital in Gabon try to analyze at the same time the difficult relationships and the various stakes which cross the everyday life of the care in hospital life in Libreville. Since the middle of the years 1980, more and more gabonese' patients meet enormous diificulties to look after itself in the public hospitals. How the populations (medical staff and patients) of Libreville represent then the care in the CHL, the greatest medical formation of Gabon? In addition, why the patients continue to visit this public hospital in spite of its dysfunctions and its bad reputation near its users? A fine and descriptive ethnography of the "General Hospital" of Libreville enabled us to analyze the practices, the speeches, logics of actors and other issues which are played around the taking care of the patients. The gabonese' hospital, although being a modern place of vexercise of the biomedical practice, is presented in the form of a "social microcosm" reflecting the social inequalities, the relations of being able, the importance of the money and the acquaintances, the extent of the practices of corruption, the weight of the popualr representations on sorcery and illness, the religious beliefs and many other characteristics defining the gabonese society of today
Alame, Emane Amel Kevin. "Les infections à mycobactéries du complexe Mycobacterium tuberculosis à Libreville : profil des résistances aux antibiotiques et diversité génétique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC129/document.
Full textThe emerging phenomenon of the MDR and XDR-TB is a worldwide public health issue. In developing countries, this problem is amplified due to the fact that TB diagnostic laboratories lack equipment and diagnostic tools to identify these cases and therefore prescribe appropriate chemotherapy. In the first part of this doctoral work, the sequencing of the pncA gene allowed us to show that the resistance to Pyrazinamide occurs significantly when the strain is MDR, corresponding to the acquisition of resistance to Rifampicin and Isoniazid; and that after the acquisition of Fluoroquinolones and to injectable antibiotics of second line (Amykacine, Kanamycine, Capreomycine) resistance by MDR strains, this rate increases even more. In the second part of the study, we propose an alternative method to the culture of bacilli in a BSL3 confined environment. From uncultivated clinical samples (sputum) and through GeneXpert MTB/RIF, sequencing of genes and spoligotyping, we identified 19 MDR strains, active transmission of sensitive strains belonging to clades LAM10, T1, MANU, H3 and finally as well as an underlying epidemic of 5 Beijing MDR strains.In the first study, 272 retrospective samples of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were selected from two large cosmopolitan cities: Northern Paris (Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, 101 strains) and Southwest of Shanghai (Songjiang district, 171 Strains). These strains were selected according to their known phenotypic sensitivity to Rifampicin (RIF) and Isoniazid (INH). These phenotypic resistances were confirmed by the HAIN genotype analysis tools MTBDRplus and by the sequencing of the rpoB and katG/inhA genes. To determine the extensively drug resistance strains (XDR), we sequenced the gyrA/gyrB and rrs genes to identify genetic mutations associated with resistance to Fluoroquinolones (FQs) and second-line injectable antibiotics: Amikacin (AMK)-Kanamycin ( KAN)-Capreomycin (CAP), respectively. Finally, we sequenced the pncA gene of all isolates to identify the genetic mutations associated with resistance to Pyrazinamide (PZA). The strains were genotyped by spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR.In the second study, from October 2014 to February 2015, 159 morning sputum samples with smear-positive smear after Ziehl-Neelsen staining were collected at the three main diagnostic laboratories for tuberculosis in Libreville, Gabon. These clinical samples were transported to the National Laboratory of Public Health in Libreville for analysis with the GeneXpert MTB/RIF automaton to confirm the microscopic diagnosis and to determine the resistance of bacilli to Rifampicin. Of the 159 samples, 29 samples had a sputum volume less than 1 ml, the minimum required according to the manufacturer's recommendations. For the 130 sputum samples analyzed by the GeneXpert automaton, 375 μl of the remaining GeneXpert solution not introduced into the cartridge was introduced into a 50 ml conical tube containing 25 ml of phosphate buffer (autoclaved solution) to neutralize the pH of the GeneXpert solution. The conical tube is centrifuged for 15 minutes at 4,500 rpm, the pellet is taken up in 100 μl of TE and then transferred to a 100 μl microtube which is subsequently heated for 30 minutes at 90°C. After a cycle of freezing (-40 ° C. for 1 h)-defrosting, the microtube is briefly centrifuged and the supernatant is transferred to a new microtube. From this new microtube we amplified by PCR and then sequenced the rpoB, katG/inhA, pncA, gyrA, rrs and rpsL genes to identify mutations associated with resistance to Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Fluoroquinolones, Antibiotics in second lines: Amikacin-Kanamycin-Capreomycin and Streptomycin (SM), respectively. All the samples were genotyped by the multiplexed spoligotyping applied to the Luminex MagPix
Ndong, Ngoua Pascal. "La politique de décentralisation au Gabon (1996-2007) : entre conflits de compétences, manœuvres politiques et des populations urbaines non urbanisées : les cas de Libreville et de Médouneu." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083989.
Full textLocal communities are now presented as a guarantee for better “governance” and economic, social and cultural development. With the support of international donors and the democratic revival of the 1990s, these local communities embody a new approach to the organization of local territories, benefit from new credits, and most of the governments of sub-Saharan Africa are committed to ambitious reforms in this direction. Both structural and functional in their nature, these reforms have involved so-called decentralisation policies, i. E. “the transfer or the delegation of different levels of power, by the central Government to various State institutions at the lowest level”. In Gabon, this process was started on June 6, 1996, with the promulgation of the organic law n° 15/96 relative to decentralisation. This step towards reform attempts to break with a strong tendency towards the centralisation of management devices. It thus creates the conditions for a repositioning of political actors [or not], both on the local and national levels, mobilising old and new opinion leaders, creating alliances and competitions, even when the transfers of power, in fact, amount to zero. An analysis of the text seeks to understand how the devices of the organic law n° 15/96 are apprehended, and sometimes manipulated by the various authorities involved in the ongoing process. Also, it is important to identify important points of contradiction which prevent the efficient application of the Law and to analyse the relationship between policy development and socio-political and cultural factors. Moreover, grasping the impact of the reform requires us measure the level of social and economic development it stimulated and to grasp how people participate in public spaces. Reflection on local government reform also involves an assessment of the impact of the Gabonese National Commemoration celebrations on August 17, which, since their resumption in 2002, are every year held in a different province of the country. Finally, the discussion of decentralization in Gabon leads us to ask, to what extent decentralised development cooperation could contribute to the improvement of the socio-economic structures of local Gabonese municipalities, in particular those of Libreville and Medouneu
Mamodhoussen, Firoz. "Contribution à l'étude des infections génitales hautes au Gabon : à propos de 55 cas." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11096.
Full textBouyou, Jean-Marie V. "La Production de l'espace urbain au Gabon une étude sur Libreville /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603395f.
Full textBekale, Be Ndong Gael. "Business strategy and organizational sustainability of selected enterprises in Libreville, Gabon." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2998.
Full textThe aim of this study is to investigate the impact of insufficient business planning and good management of SMEs in Gabon have on SMEs’ to survive and grow. Thus, the study examined the relationship between business strategies and SMEs’ organisational sustainability in Libreville (Gabon).The study was a descriptive one which made use of positivist philosophy and adopted quantitative approach. As such a questionnaire which was designed from themes extracted from literature survey was used to gather data from a sample of 30 SMEs. The findings indicated that the lack of business strategy encountered in SMEs in Libreville lead partly to the failure or setbacks of the operation of the organisations. Most common reasons of the failure of SMEs were related to the absence of business plan, the lack of leadership, and lack of appropriate management system. The recommendations are to improve the SMEs in terms of good leadership, importance of business plan, management control system; strategic business management, organisation and employees performance. It further revealed that for the purpose of organisational sustainability, business strategies are regarded as critical aspects to consider for avoiding non-conformances while running businesses. The significance of the study is the framework to identify and optimise business strategies in order to promote successfully SMEs. The study shows the interest of owners of SMEs to set up appropriate business strategies.
Segna, Bernard. "L'identité nationale et la citoyenneté : Points de vue de futurs enseignants et de futures enseignantes du secondaire d'histoire et de géographie du secondaire au Gabon." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29645/29645.pdf.
Full textObame, Noëlline. "Expérience quotidienne et développement cognitif : implication des actions quotidiennes dans l'apprentissage de l'arithmétique élémentaire : cas d'enfants de 5 ans scolarisés et non scolarisés au Gabon." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0150.
Full textThis research is two-fold, and focuses : 1) an 5 years old children encounter with numbers, and 2) an evaluation of their dexterity in simple arithmetic reasoning. Children from 3 differents socio-cultural backgrounds participated in the study : rural and urban children with no schooling, and urban children with schooling experience. A subsample of children as systematically observed in natural situation in order to evaluate how frequently, where an when they where involved in a "numerical activity". Later an each child had to take several tests - ecological situation and Udn 80 - to evaluate his/her knowledge about numbers and arithmetic reasoning. The results show that 1) the child's numerical experience depends on his/her socio-cultural background, 2) children with no schooling experience have a better knowledge of prices and of numbers, 3) however, when a situation may be described though different dimension -numerical and no numérical - the children all 3 groups almost never use the numerical dimension
Zue, Elibiyo Mexcent. "Transmission intergénérationnelle des langues au Gabon : une étude à partir des usages déclarés." Grenoble 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE39052.
Full textWith the notice that, today, Gabonese ethnic languages are less spoken by the young, parents become more concern with the necessity to pass on their language to their children. The approach adopted here is based on the analysis of endogroup and exogroup phenomena. We examine, on the one hand the interaction process among members of a linguistic group, and on the other hand the relationships that speakers of different ethnic languages may have one another. Our study is backed upon declared usages stemming from a survey carried out in two Gabonese cities (Libreville and Lambaréné), chosen because of their multiethnic feature. It comes out from this survey that the family still stands as a trustworthy element for the transmission of ethnic languages in Gabon. However, conscious of the fact that the only domestic unit seems not sufficient enough for the maintaining of ethnic languages, we must consider their introduction in the curriculum. But with regard the failure of the various attempts to introduce ethnic languages in the education system, we start wondering about the range of the linguistic policies implemented on the national level. The review of these policies allows us to conclude that the learning of Gabonese ethnic languages needs first a language planning. Their statute is still precarious before the imperialism of the colonial language, French
Akoué, Marie-Colette. "Le redoublement des filles dans les classes de 3e des écoles secondaires de Libreville au Gabon." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24184/24184.pdf.
Full textBoulingui, Jean-Eudes. "Inventaire des Ressources en Argiles du Gabon et leurs Utilisations Conventionnelles ou non dans les régions de Libreville et de Tchibanga." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0309/document.
Full textMaterials and clayey minerals abound in the Gabon. The pioneers works reveal the presence of red clays in the barrémian series of Agoula and red clays with violets in the neocomian series of Ndombo. Clays constitute a precious and plentiful resource which was widely beneficiated as well in traditional constructions of green clays as in terra-cotta in diverse places of the country. The present researches aim at inventorying the resources in various clays easily accessible in Gabon, and in the study of selection of deposits with application potential, according to the nature of clays. This work is carried on in the regions of Libreville and Tchibanga. The collected samples are the object of macroscopic, microscopic (tiny), chemical, structural and superficial analyses. Trials of formulation are the object of applications in the domains of bricks, tiles and refractories. The population growth of the Gabonese Republic generates a demand in diverse local materials satisfying the needs for the current life. The emphasis is put on the applications concerning terra-cottas: bricks, roof tiles and floor tiles. Zones of interest with economic potential are identified. Clays of the region of Libreville, rich in kaolinites and illite are interesting for applications in terra-cotta. The characterization of the mineralogical properties of the clayey rocks is realized with the aim of identifying the most interesting industrial uses. Characterizations and tests of applications, identify raw materials for the construction, the ceramic, but also in many other domains as pharmacology (galenic), paper industry, cosmetics, food-processing industry, rubber, paint, civil engineering and environment engineering. As in all the countries of Central Africa, the sustainable development passes inevitably by a control of the local resources. The fine characterization of clays of the Cretaceous of Libreville is realized by: X-ray Diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, determination of the cation exchange capacity, particle size analysis, chemical analyses, plasticity index, ceramic tests. According to the X-ray diffraction, these clays are mixtures of kaolinite, and/or illite and montmorillonite, quartz, ± muscovite, ± microcline, ± hematite, ± rutile ± anatase. The observation in Scanning Electron Microscopy and the treatment with Ethylène Glycol or heating at 550°C in XRD confirms the dominating presence of these minerals
Bigoumou, Moundounga Guy-Obain. "Les mobilités des populations à faibles revenus à Libreville : l'exemple des quartiers périphériques." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20065/document.
Full textThis study focuses on the daily mobility of low-income populations, particularly those living in suburbs of the north and east of Libreville, far from remote services and places of employment. By using the tools of geographical transport, which sheds light on the social, spatial and environmental issues of transport, and mobilizing at the same time the concepts of social geography on the representations of space and ownership by the people, this work attempts to renew the knowledge on how poor people are moving. It put into perspective the importance often given to pedestrian mobility within Sub-Saharan cities. It emerges from this study that mobility of poor people rely more on the use of motorized transport especially, so called “suburban transports”, which are more available and less expensive for those users
Moussavou, Raymonde. "L'intégration des savoirs endogènes dans les cours de sciences au Gabon : Points de vue d'enseignants et d'enseignantes en formation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28663/28663.pdf.
Full textOndo, Jean Aubin. "Vulnérabilité des sols maraîchers du Gabon (région de Libreville) : acidification et mobilité des éléments métalliques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10097/document.
Full textUrbanization is growing rapidly worldwide, especially in Africa. Feed this urban population requires to double agricultural production before 2030. One of solution seems to be urban agriculture. Gabon, like other African countries, is experiencing a boom of urban agriculture, particularly in Libreville. But no concrete study of the impact of urban agriculture on the bio-physico-chemical properties and behavior of metals in soils has yet been carried out in the country. In this context, the objective of this work was to study the impact of urban gardening on soil properties, and the presence of metals in soils and crops.The urban gardening is practiced under cover or in open air and some factors hinder its development (instruction level of gardeners, land insecurity, fertilizers, limited access to water ...). Soils in Libreville are sandy-loam or clay-sandy-loam. The content of metals is generally low and the risk of contamination in the food is limited. Soils cultivated for less than 10 years and soils cultivated under cover do not undergo a significant impact of agricultural practices. In contrast, soils cultivated in open air for at least 10 years are acidified, their fertility parameters and metal content decreasing significantly. The pH is correlated with the chemical speciation of metals and there is a good mobility of Mn, Pb and Zn in soils. Metal content in vegetables grown in Libreville was below the limits allowed by the FAO. Amaranth and sorrel accumulated many metals, especially in the leaves that are consumed parts. The simulation of the liming of agricultural soils cultivated in open air for at least 10 years with the PHREEQC software shows that stabilization to pH 6-7 would improve soils fertility. Some experiments in situ and in laboratory are needed to confirm these results and other mineral and/or organics inputs tests