Academic literature on the topic 'Ecologia animal - Maranhão'

A new species of Loricaria is herein described from the Turiaçu River basin, Eastern Amazon region, Maranhão state, Brazil, within the Maranhão Hydrological Unit (MHU). Loricaria turi differs from its congeners mainly by the following combination of characters: abdominal plate development confined to the posterior median region, pectoral girdle mostly naked, with cluster of plates near pectoral fin bases; large eyes (minimum orbital diameter 16.2–20.7% of HL and maximum orbital diameter 19.8–24.0% of HL), 214.4 mm of maximum standard length, and large basicaudal plate (16.6–29.2% of HL). The description of this new species strengthens the hypothesis that the Maranhão Hydrological Unit (MHU) is a possible area of endemism for freshwater fishes and contributes to the knowledge of the freshwater fish diversity and composition of the region.

A new species of Cicinnus from northern coastal Brazil is described and illustrated: C. litoralis sp. n.. The species is known from five males collected in the mangrove ecoregions of the Brazilian states of Pará and Maranhão (the Pará mangrove and Maranhão mangrove ecoregions respectively). This area of Brazil is poorly sampled for Mimallonidae, and the new species represents the first mimallonid considered endemic to these ecoregions. We also provide a discussion regarding the type species of Cicinnus, C. orthane Blanchard, focusing on populations from the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.

Anurans in the Rhinella margaritifera group have a long history of taxonomic confusion, mainly by morphological similarity between species and lack of acoustic and genetic data for many of the 19 described species. Herein, we presented data for Rhinella gildae based on recently collected specimens from its type locality. We provide patterns of morphological variation, measurements, advertisement and release calls and infer the phylogenetic position of R. gildae. The species geographical distribution was updated, occurring in two Amazonian localities in Maranhão state, and Cerrado areas in Maranhão and Tocantins states and also in a rainforest enclave inside Caatinga domain in Ceará state.

Two new species of the earthworm family Rhinodrilidae (Clitellata), from Maranhão state, Brazil, were studied by dissection. Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) miricuri n. sp. is the first record of a big earthworm for this region with three pairs of large spermathecae in segments 7–9 and one pair of tubercula pubertatis bands lateral to b line in XX–XXV. Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) barrosoi n. sp. lacks spermathecae and has one pair of tubercula pubertatis bands lateral to b line in XX–(1/3) XXIV. The earthworms described are from the most threatened region of Amazonia where 75% of forest cover is already lost. More information is urgently necessary to assess their ecology and vulnerability status.

Three new species of Daveyoungana are described and illustrated from Brazil: Daveyoungana blockeri sp. nov. from Maranhão, Daveyoungana longibrachia sp. nov. from Rondônia and Daveyoungana pentacorni sp. nov. from Mato Grosso. A key to species of the genus is provided.

A new Brachysiderus Waterhouse species, of the B. minicola group, in the subgenus Minisiderus Endrödi, B. (M.) mielkeorum sp. nov. is described, discussed and illustrated based on four specimens collected in Maranhão State, northeastern region of Brazil. A key to subgenera and species is also provided.

Lamprempis Wheeler & Melander, 1901 is a Neotropical genus with 22 known species. Two species collected in the Bra-zilian state of Maranhão, L. longipenis sp. nov. and L. triangulata sp. nov., are here described and illustrated. A published Lamprempis key is modified to include the newly described species.

Hypsolebias tocantinensis n. sp. is described from a temporary pool located in the rio Tocantins basin, Maranhão stateBrazil. Hypsolebias tocantinensis belongs the H. flammeus species-group. It is the first occurrence of genus Hypsolebiasin Maranhão state. This new species differs from all other species of that group, except Hypsolebias flammeus (Costa,1989), Hypsolebias multiradiatus (Costa &Brasil, 1994) and Hypsolebias brunoi (Costa, 2003), by male color pattern andby the presence of a metallic blue sheen surrounding the black spots in the female. It differs from H. flammeus, H. multi-radiatus and H. brunoi by the shape of the dorsal and anal fins (rounded vs. pointed) and by the orientation of the reddishbrown bars in males (diagonal vs. vertical). Hypsolebias tocantinensis differs from all other Hypsolebias by the presenceof, in females, irregular light brown stains on the anal fins and by the pattern of the metallic blue sheen around the blackspots (completely surrounding the black spots while in congeners this blue sheen is either absent or present in vertical bars).

Mounds of the western pebble-mound mouse, Pseudomys chapmani, are found throughout the species’ Pilbara range in areas with iron-ore deposits of economic significance. Translocation techniques are being examined as a means of minimising the impact of mining on this species. In the absence of detailed information on the biology of Pseudomys chapmani, translocation is inadvisable. To provide such basic information, animal densities, mound demographics and population sizes, and home-range and core-area sizes were obtained by a combination of trapping and radio-tracking. Mounds of Pseudomys chapmani were found to be inhabited by social groups of up to 12 animals. Estimates of home-range size gave mean ( s.e.) values of 14·4 6·7 ha and 4·6 2·7 ha for males and females, respectively; core areas were recorded at 0·93 0·29 ha for males and 0·29 0·16 ha for females. Considerable overlap of home ranges was recorded between individuals from the same and different mounds. Overlap at the core-area level occurred only between individuals from the same mound. The high level of social complexity and mound fidelity indicates that translocations should be directed at the level of the social group rather than at the level of the individual.

Based on collections made from streams of the Itapecuru, Parnaíba and Tocantins River basins, three species of Anacroneuria Klapálek are recorded for the first time from Maranhão State, northeastern Brazil: A. atrifrons Klapálek, A. minuta Klapálek and A. singularis Righi-Cavallaro & Lecci. Additionally, A. leccii sp. nov. is described from this material and remarks concerning A. marlieri are also presented.

Orientador: Carlos Frederico Duarte da Rocha
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T17:01:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miranda_JivanildoPinheiro_D.pdf: 7646850 bytes, checksum: 1b29966bda6798dfbb87bba528797710 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: Neste estudo investiguei a riqueza, composição e distribuição local da herpetofauna do Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses (PNLM), Maranhão, Brasil. Realizei 47 expedições, totalizando 235 dias de amostragem utilizando o método de procura visual limitada por tempo. Adicionalmente, estudei a ocorrência de atropelamentos de vertebrados na rota de acesso ao parque. Assim, registrei 63 espécies da herpetofauna no PNLM, sendo 21 espécies de anuros, 12 de lagartos, 24 de serpentes, duas de anfisbenas, três de quelônios e uma de jacaré. Destas espécies, 52 (E 82,5%) ocorrem apenas na restinga. As demais espécies ocorrem no campo de dunas do parque. Em relação aos atropelamentos, realizei cerca de 10896 quilômetros de amostragem. Encontrei 206 carcaças de vertebrados atropelados, distribuídas por 55 espécies. O grupo de vertebrado mais atropelado, em número de espécies (23 espécies) e de indivíduos (69 indivíduos), foi a classe Reptilia. Apesar do PNLM ser enfatizado do ponto de vista paisagístico, este estudo mostra que seus ambientes possuem significativa riqueza de espécies da herpetofauna. Estas espécies ocorrem principalmente no ambiente de restinga, o qual corresponde a apenas 21% da área do parque. Devido a crescente visitação turística e do aumento de empreendimentos na área, é importante que ações para a conservação da restinga do PNLM sejam urgentemente implementadas
Abstract: Herpetofauna richness, composition and local distribution (sand dunes or restinga habitats) were studied in Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (LMNP), Maranhão state, northeastern Brazil. I carried out 235 days of sampling using the method of visual search limited by time. In addition, I studied road killed vertebrates in the access route to the park (a road that crosses restinga habitats). Thus, I recorded 63 species of the herpetofauna (21 anurans, 12 lizards, 24 snakes, two amphisbaenians, three turtles and an alligator) in LMNP. Fifty-two species (E 82,5%) were found only in restinga habitats. Concerning to road killed animals, I carried out 10896 km of sampling and I found 206 carcasses of vertebrates, corresponding to 55 species. Reptilia was the vertebrate class with the largest number of species (23 species) and individuals (69 individuals) killed. Overall, the great number of species occurring in restinga habitats and high incidence of reptiles road killed in the route to the park, highlight the importance of actions to improve conservation in restinga habitats, which currently comprise only 21% of the total area protected by the park
Doutorado
Ecologia
Doutor em Ecologia

Orientador : Carlos Frederico Duarte da Rocha
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Neste estudo, ao longo dos três capítulos, são investigados alguns aspectos da ecologia de Gonatodes humeralis em São Luís, Estado do Maranhão. No capítulo 1 examinei a seleção de sítios para empoleiramento para analisar o grau de seletividade de G. humeralis. Este pequeno geconídeo selecionou troncos maiores que a média disponível em seu ambiente e com maior quantidade de serrapilheira na base. Aparentemente, a seleção dos sítios de empoleiramento por G. humeralis é influenciada por pressões seletivas para aumentar a proteção contra predadores. No capítulo 2 estudei a ecologia térmica em G. humeralis. A temperatura corpórea desse lagarto foi positiva e significativamente relacionada às fontes de calor do seu ambiente (ar e substrato). A temperatura do ar explicou uma parte adicional da temperatura corpórea dos machos de G. humeralis, o que parece estar ligado à utilização diferencial de alturas de empoleiramento entre os sexos. No capítulo 3 analisei parâmetros do forrageamento e da dieta em G. humeralis. Esse lagarto teve um comportamento de forrageamento bastante sedentário (permanecendo imóvel 98,8% do tempo). G. humeralis alimentou-se de invertebrados em proporções diferentes da disponibilidade de presas no ambiente. A componente de informação sobre a disponibilidade de presas no ambiente de G. humeralis (pesos de acordo com a disponibilidade das presas) mostrou forte influência sobre o cálculo da similaridade da dieta entre os sexos. Quando esta componente foi incorporada no índice de sobreposição de nicho alimentar, a resposta sobre se as dietas diferiam entre os sexos foi negativa, mas quando o índice foi calculado, como é feito usualmente, sem incorporar essa informação, o resultado foi inverso. Isso mostra a importância de se considerar esse tipo de informação nas análises de sobreposição de nicho
Abstract: In this study I investigated some aspects of the ecology of the gekkonid lizard, Gonatodes humeralis in São Luís, Maranhão. In chapter 1, I examined the perch use in G. humeralis in order to assess its degree of selectivity. This species used the largest trunks available and where the litterfall was deeper than the average. Apparently, perch selection in G. humeralis is influenced by selective pressures to increase protection against predators. In chapter 2, I studied thermal ecology in G. humeralis. I found that the body temperature in G. humeralis is positively and significantly related to environmental heat sources (air and substrate temperatures). However, air temperature explained an additional part of males' body temperature, which appears to be related to differences in perch heights between the sexes. In chapter 3, I investigated the foraging behavior and diet in G. humeralis. This gecko is an extremely sedentary lizard (it remains motionless 98,8% of the time) that feeds mostly on invertebrates, consuming them in different proportions to their availability in the environment. The information about prey availability has been found to influence strongly the results of intersexual niche overlap calculus. When this information was incorporated in the niche overlap index, the output indicated no difference between sexes, but when prey availability was used in the calculus, the result was the opposite, which stresses the importance of considering prey availability in the analysis of niche overla
Mestrado
Mestre em Ecologia